EXPERIMENT 8

Power Measurement In 3-phase

AC Circuits
❖ THEORY
The system which uses three wires for generation, transmission and distribution is known as
the three-phase system. The sum of the line currents in this system is equal to zero, and
their phases are differentiated at an angle of 120˚. The three-phase systems are connected
in two ways, i.e., the star connection and the delta connection.

• Has four wires, i.e., three current carrying conductors and one neutral.
• Has higher efficiency and minimum losses.
• It gives the continuous supply to the load.

POWER MEASUREMENT
Power in AC circuits is measured with the help of wattmeter. A wattmeter is an
instrument which consists of two coils called Current coil and Potential coil.
WATTMETER
It measures average power.
➢ CC (current coil) – Connection is like ammeter. It is connected in series with
load. It has ideally zero impedance.
➢ PC (potential coil) – connection is like voltmeter. It is connected across the
load. Ideally it has infinite impedance.
Two wattmeter method:
The total instantaneous power absorbed by the three loads Z 1, Z2 and Z3, is equal to
the sum of the powers measured by the two wattmeters, W1 and W2.

FORMULA USED
❖ AIM (A):
To measure power in a single-phase AC circuit using one wattmeter method.

MATLAB COMPONENTS USED:

1. Single phase - 230 V

2. 50 Hz A.C voltage source

3. voltage and current measurement blocks

4. series RLC branch used as resistor (40 Ω) and as RL branch ( 40 Ω, 100 mH)

5. power measurement block

6. RMS block

7. FROM and GOTO blocks

8. Display

9. scope and powergui (continuous).

CIRCUIT DAIGRAM:

MATLAB EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:

• When load is purely resistive.
 • When load is RL

PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as shown in Fig 7(a).1. If the current coil of wattmeter can't
carry the load current use a current transformer in conjunction with it.
2. For a particular set up of RL load note the meter readings.

CALCULATIONS:
RESULTS:
1. When AC voltage (RMS) = 230 V, (R=40 Ω, L=100 mH)

a) IRMS = 5.75 A, Active power= 1323 watt, power factor=1

When load is purely resistive

 b) IRMS = 4.522 A, Active power=807.7 watt, Power factor=0.7766

When load is RL

2. When AC voltage (RMS) = 228V,

a) IRMS = 5.7A, Active power=1300 watt, Power factor= 1

When load is purely resistive

b) IRMS=4.483A, Active power=793.7 watt, power factor=0.7766

 When load is RL

3. When AC voltage (RMS) = 227V,

a) IRMS=5.675, Active power=1288 watt, power factor=1

When load is purely resistive

b) IRMS=4.463A, Active power=786.8, Power factor=0.7766

 When load is RL

OBSERVATIONS:
When load is R

S. No. Volts(V) Amp(A) Watt(W) App. Power Error Nature

Power(VA) factor of load
1. 230 5.75 1323 1322.5 1 0.0378 R
2. 228 5.7 1300 1299.6 1 0.0307 R
3. 227 5.675 1288 1288.225 1 0.0175 R

When load is RL

S. No. Volts(V) Amp(A) Watt(W) App Power Nature of

power(VA) factor load
1. 230 4.522 807.7 1040.06 0.7766 RL
2. 228 4.483 793.7 1022.124 0.7766 RL
3. 227 4.463 786.8 1013.101 0.7766 RL

SCOPE:
→ When load is purely resistive:
→ When load is RL:
❖ AIM (B):
Three-phase Circuit Power Measurement Using Two Wattmeter Method.

MATLAB COMPONENTS USED:

1. 3-Phase Source

2. Voltage measurement

3. current measurement

4. 3 RLC-Branch, Scope

5. Display

6. GoTo and From Block

7. RMS Block

8. Power measurement

9. Powergui (continuous)

10. Ports, Add, Product

11. Trigonometric Function

 12. Constant and Fourier block.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
 Figure 1

MATLAB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PARENT BLOCK
PROCEDURE
1. Make the connections as shown in Fig 1.
2. First measure the power with resistive load and in this case two-wattmeter reading
will be the same.
3. Connect the choke coil of same inductances in each phase.
4. Increase or decrease the inductances by equal amounts and record the meter
readings.
5. Calculate the power factor, P.F. = W√3(Line voltage*Line current)

CALCULATIONS:

RESULTS:
1. When R=100 Ω

→ Total power = 1936W , power factor = 1

 ➢ SCOPE

• REACTIVE POWER

• LINE CURRENT AND PHASE VOLTAGE

2. When R=100 Ω and L=0.1H

→ Total power = 1762W, Power factor = 0.954

➢ SCOPE

• REACTIVE POWER

• LINE CURRENT AND PHASE VOLTAGE

OBSERVATIONS:
 Total Nature
Line Line Wattmeter Wattmeter
S.NO. Power P.F= Of
Voltage Current Reading Reading (W2)
W=W1+W2 cos Load
(Volt) (Amp) (W1) (watts) (watts)
(watts)
1 440 2.54 968 968 1963 1 Purely
resistive
2 440 2.42 721.2 1041 1762 0.954 RL

3 440 2.653 949.5 984.6 1934 0.9995 RL

4 440 2.644 966 969.4 1935 1 RL

INFERENCE:
Power measurement of an AC circuit is an important process because of its extensive
application in daily life. The power factor calculations indicates that for a resistive circuit
power factor is nearly 1(ideally it is 1) while for inductive circuit it lies between 0-1.

PRECAUTIONS:
• Avoid loose connections.
• Input values must be checked carefully.

CONCLUSION:
Power measurements were performed on AC circuits and power factors were calculated
using MATLAB.