Interview of the Patient

Mrs. Mary Rongalerios is a 55 years old resident of Sungay West Tagaytay City Philippines
and was diagnosed of Type II Diabetes Mellitus for about 16 years until now. Sometimes, it took her
months to have her blood glucose level checked, but sometimes she will have her blood glucose
level checked every month. Her physician prescribed her Janumet 50mg/500mg, and Metformin
500mg for the maintenance of her blood sugar level. She told me that there are days that she have
felt dizzy because of her medicines. Furthermore, she also said that her exercise is the household
chores. Moreover, her meal plan was like our meal plan, but not that heavy, since rice is a
carbohydrate in which it has a sugar content. Aside from medicines for maintaining her Diabetes,
she also have her medication to maintain her hypertension. Furthermore, she also said that her
exercise is the household chores.

A. Brief Description about Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus, usually known as diabetes, refers to a group of disorders that

affect how the body converts food into energy. When a person consumes a carbohydrate,
the body converts it into a sugar called glucose and transports it through the bloodstream.
The pancreas secretes insulin, a hormone that aids in the transport of glucose from the
bloodstream into cells, where it is used for energy. When a diabetic person does not receive
therapy, the body does not utilize insulin as it should. When there is an excess of glucose in
the blood, the condition is known as high blood sugar. This can result in serious or even
life-threatening health complications. Diabetes is no cure, but with medication and lifestyle
adjustments, a person can live a long and healthy life. Diabetes manifests itself in various
ways depending on the reason. Type I Diabetes Mellitus exists. Insulin-dependent diabetes
is another name for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes was previously known as juvenile-onset
diabetes because it frequently began in infancy. It is an autoimmune disorder. It occurs
when the body's antibodies attack the pancreas. The organ has been destroyed and no
longer produces insulin. This kind of diabetes could be caused by a genetic mutation. It
could also occur as a result of issues with insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Many of
the health issues associated with type 1 diabetes are caused by damage to microscopic
blood vessels in the eyes (diabetic retinopathy), nerves (diabetic neuropathy), and kidneys
(diabetic nephropathy). Type 1 diabetics are also at a higher risk of heart disease and
stroke. Insulin is injected into the fatty tissue just beneath the epidermis to treat type 1
diabetes. Type II Diabetes Mellitus, on the other hand, is a condition in which the body's
ability to regulate and utilise sugar (glucose) as a fuel is impaired. This long-term (chronic)
disorder causes an excess of sugar to circulate in the bloodstream. High blood sugar levels
can eventually cause cardiovascular, neurological, and immunological system problems. At
work, there are basically two interconnected issues. Your pancreas does not create enough
insulin, a hormone that regulates the transport of sugar into your cells, and your cells
respond poorly to insulin, allowing you to consume less sugar. Type 2 diabetes was
previously referred to as adult-onset diabetes, however both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can
begin in childhood or maturity. Type 2 diabetes is more common in older adults, but an
increase in the number of obese children has led to an increase in type 2 diabetes in
younger people. Type 2 diabetes has no cure, although decreasing weight, eating healthily,
and exercising can help you manage the disease. If food and exercise aren't enough to keep
your blood sugar under control, you may need diabetes medication.

B. Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Ideal Management Actual Management

Dietary Management (Healthy Eating)
Regular Physical Activity (Weight loss)
Adherence to Prescribes Medication
She is following low carbs diet and maintain
her small portions every meals as she knows
the importance to center her diet with a
regular smaller portions of meals and healthy
snacks that is more on high-fiber foods, such as
fruits, whole grains, and nonstarchy
vegetables; fewer in refined grains, starchy
vegetable and sweets to maintain her blood
glucose level.
After modifying her diet, she admitted that she
do not have time for exercising, but she said
that her exercise is doing all their household
chores.
Mrs. Rongalerios strictly follows her doctor’s
prescription so that the sugar level of her blood
will not increase or rise. She mentioned that
she doesn’t have regular blood glucose check-
up, but still maintain it as she follows her
doctor’s order.

C. Medication Given

Name of Medication Frequency/Dose Classification

Janumet PC in the morning and PC in Antidiabetics,
the night of 50mg/500mg Biguanides/Dipeptyl
Pepsidase-IV Inhibitors
Metformin PC in the morning and PC in Biguanides
the night 500mg
D. Health Education to the Client

December 03, 2021 I have made an online interview to Mrs. Mary Rongalerios through Google Meet
to be able to assess her daily activities and intake of food, most especially her adherence to her
prescribed medications and diets for her Type II Diabetes Mellitus. I have prepared a presentation
for Mrs Rongalerios so share knowledge about the Diabetes Mellitus and explained it in a laymans
term. The discussion went well. As a student nurse and health educator, I am happy to have shared
my knowledge about Diabetes and to see my client understand and have learned through my
teachings.
E. Documentation