A MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

ESTIMATION AND COSTING

OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ( G+2 )
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted by

N. PAVAN KUMAR
19H65A0112

Under the Guidance of

Dr.K.MADHUSUDAN REDDY
Associate professor

January-2022

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Venkatapur, Hyderabad
(An Autonomous Institution)
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report titled “ESTIMATION AND
COSTING OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING(G+2)” is a bonafide work done as
Mini project and submitted by

N.PAVAN KUMAR
19H65A0112

in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree

in Civil Engineering, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad. This work has
not been submitted to any university or institution for the award of any degree or
diploma.

Project Guide Head of the Department

Dr.K.Madhusudan Reddy Dr. B. Narender
Associate professor Associate Professor

External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr.K.Madhusudan Reddy for his
invaluable guidance. His continuous encouragement and support has always been an
inspiration and a source of energy for us. We thank him for all of his valuable time,
effort and help.

We would also like to thank Dr.B.Narendar Head of the department Civil for his
constant guidance and support to help us complete this project.

We are immensely thankful to DR. G. Vishnu Murthy, Dean, School of Engineering,

Anurag group of institutions, who most ably run the institution and has had the major
hard in enabling me to do our project.

Also our sincere thanks to all the people who were directly or indirectly associated
with the project in any other way.

NEERUDU PAVAN KUMAR

19H65A0112
 DECLARATION
I, the undersigned, declare that the project entitled “ESTIMATION AND COSTING
OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (G+2)”, being submitted in partial fulfillment
for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Civil Engineering, Anurag
Group of Institutions, Hyderabad. Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University Hyderabad, is the work carried out by me.

NEERUDU PAVAN KUMAR

19H65A0112
 ABSTARCT

Any construction project to begin starts with the Layout of the building or
structure followed by Design and Analysis of the structure which is succeeded by cost
estimation and planning for the said project. This project involves the layout, planning
and cost estimation of a G+2 residential building. The layout of the proposed G+2
residential building is based on a plot of size 89sq.mt.All the drafting was done using
AutoCAD.

The cost estimate for the project has been calculated using Centre Line
Method in Microsoft Excel. For the Abstract cost standard schedule rates of
Telangana state is adopted.

i
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

Abstract i
Contents ii

List Of Figures iv

List Of Tables v
CHAPTER-1 Introduction 1-6

1.1 Units Of Measurements 1

1.2 Technical Terms 2

1.3 Rules Of Measurements 3

1.4 Requirements Of Estimation And Costing 3

1.5 Procedure Of Estimating 4

1.6 Role Of Autocad 5

1.7 Role Of Microsoft Excel 5

CHAPTER-2 Literature Review 7-9

2.1 Sources of Information for the Estimator 7

2.2 Cost Elements 7

2.3 Cost Estimation 8

2.4 Types of Estimation 8

CHAPTER-3 Methodology 10-13

3.1 Preparation Of Building Layout Using Autocad 10

3.2 Quantity and Cost Estimation using Microsoft Excel 10

3.3 Autocad 10

3.4 Microsoft Excel 11

3.5 Methods of Taking Out Quantities 11

3.6 Detailed Estimate 12

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CHAPTER-4 Specification And Rate Analysis 14-19

4.1 General Specifications 14

4.2 Detailed Specifications 14

CHAPTER-5 Standard schedule of rates 20-23

5.1 Rate analysis 20

5.2 Elements of rate analysis of civil works 21

5.3 Analysis of rates is required in construction project 22

CHAPTER-6 Plans And Sectional View Of G+2 Residential 24-27

Building

CHAPTER-7 Abstract and Detailed estimate of proposed G+2 29-36

Residential Building

CHAPTER-8 Result and Discussions 37-37

8.1 For Ground Floor 37

8.2 For First Floor 37

8.3 For Second Floor 37

CHAPTER-9 Conclusion 38
References 39

iii
 List of Figures
Figure no Title Page no
6.1 Plan of ground floor 24
6.2 Plan of first floor 25
6.3 Plan of second floors 26
6.4 Sectional elevation view 27

iv
 List of Tables

Table no Title Page no

7.1 Detailed estimate of ground floor 28-30
7.2 Detailed estimate of first floor 31-32
7.3 Detailed estimate of second floor 33-34
7.4 Abstract estimate of G+2 residential building 35-36

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 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

Estimating is the technique of calculating or computing the various

quantities and the expected expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project.
In case the funds available are less than the estimated cost the work is done in part or
by reducing it or specifications are altered, the following requirement are necessary
for preparing an estimate.

1.Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.

2.Detailed specifications about workmanship& properties of materials.

3.Standard schedule of rates of the current year.

1.1 UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS:

The units of measurements are mainly categorized for their nature, shape
and size and for making payments to the contractor and also.

The principle of units of measurements normally consists the following:

a) Single units work like doors, windows, trusses etc., is expressed in numbers.
b) Works consists linear measurements involve length like cornice, fencing, hand rail,
bands of specified width etc., are expressed in running meters (RM).
c) Works consists areal surface measurements involve area like plastering, white
washing, partitions of specified thickness etc., and are expressed in square meters
(m2).

d) Works consists cubical contents which involve volume like earth work, cement,
cocrete, masonry are expreesed in cubic meters.

1
1.2 TECHNICAL TERMS:

1. ESTIMATE: An estimate is the anticipated or probable cost of work and is usually

prepared before the construction is taken up. It is indeed calculations or computations
of various items of an engineering work.

2. QUANTITY SURVEY: It is the schedule of all items of work in a building. These

quantities are calculated from the drawing of the building. Thus quantity survey gives
quantities of work done in case of each items, when priced gives the total cost.

In short, quantity survey means calculations of quantities of materials required to

complete the work concerned.

3.SPECIFICATIONS : Detailed specifications gives the nature, quality and class of

work, materials to be used in the various parts of work , quality of the material, their
proportions, method of preparation, workmanship and description of execution of
work are required.

4.RATES : The rates of various items of works, materials to be used in the

construction and the wages of different categories of labor (skilled and unskilled)
should be available for preparing an estimate. The cost of transportation charges
should also be known. As far as possible sanctioned “Schedule of Rates” shall be
followed or the rates may be worked out by the “Analysis of Rates” method.

5.SITE PLAN: It is the plan drawn for a particular construction showing its position
with respect to approaching roads, main bazars, markets and other permanent features
in a populated area. It shows the location of the area under construction with respect
to the other areas and on it generally the names of the owners of areas or property
holders adjoining to it are also denoted. North line is also clearly marked on it.

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1.3 RULES FOR MEASUREMENT:

The rules for measurement of each item are invariably described in IS- 1200.
However some of the general rules are listed below.

1. Measurement shall be made for finished item of work and description of each item
shall include materials, transport, labour, fabrication tools and plant and all types of
overheads for finishing the work in required shape, size and specification.

2. In booking, the order shall be in sequence of length, breadth and height or

thickness.

3. All works shall be measured subject to the following tolerances. I. linear

measurement shall be measured to the nearest 0.01m. II. Areas shall be measured to
the nearest 0.01 sq.m III. Cubic contents shall be worked-out to the nearest 0.01 cum

4. Same type of work under different conditions and nature shall be measured
separatelyunder separate items.

5. The bill of quantities shall fully describe the materials, proportions, workmanships
and accurately represent the work to be executed.

6. In case of masonry (stone or brick) or structural concrete,

The categories shall be measured separately and the heights shall be described:

a) From foundation to plinth level

b) From plinth level to first floor level
c) From First floor to second floor level and so on.

1.4 REQUIREMENTS OF ESTIMATION AND COSTING:

1. Estimate gives an idea of the cost of the work and hence its feasibility can be
determined i.e. whether the project could be taken up with in the funds
available or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to arrange
contract.

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 4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the execution of
work.
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds available or
not.

1.5 PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF

ESTIMATING:
DATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE AN ESTIMATE

1. Drawings i.e. plans, elevations, sections etc.

2. Specifications.
3. Rates.

1. DRAWINGS:

If the drawings are not clear and without complete dimensions the preparation of
estimation become very difficult. So, it is very essential before preparing an estimate.

2.SPECIFICATIONS:

General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class and work and materials
in general terms to be used in various parts of wok. It helps no form a general idea of
building.

Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed description of the various items of
work laying down the Quantities and qualities of materials, their proportions, the
method of preparation workmanship and execution of work.

3. RATES:

For preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work are required.

1. for arriving at the unit rates of each item.

2. The rates of various materials to be used in the construction.
3. The cost of transport materials.
4. The wages of labor, skilled or unskilled of masons, carpenters, Amador, etc.,

The following are some of L.S. Items in the estimate:

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 1. Water supply and sanitary arrangements.
2. Electrical installations like meter, motor, etc.,
3. Architectural features.
4. Contingencies and unforeseen items.

1.6 ROLE OF AUTOCAD:

AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer
aided design and drafting for various fields in engineering like civil, mechanical,
electrical, automation , architecture etc. It was first launched in 1982 by Autodesk.

In AutoCAD Architecture allows designers to draw 3D objects such as

walls, doors and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than
simple objects. The data can be programmed to represent products sold in the building
industry, or it can be extracted into a file for pricing material estimation etc.

In this project AutoCAD has been used extensively for drafting and
modelling for the structure. Also the various detailing for the foundation has also been
completed using AutoCAD. Use of AutoCAD has drastically reduced the drafting
time when done manually thus saving time which can be used in other productive
work.

1.7 ROLE OF MICROSOFT EXCEL IN COST ESTIMATION:

Excel is a typical spreadsheet which is nowadays widely used in cost
estimation and also sometimes for planning purposes. Excel has various inbuilt
calculation tools which can be used for complex calculation.

Apart from that one can also input one’s own formula for special
calculations. The user interface is very friendly and easy to use.There are around
Rows: 1,048,576 Columns: 16,384, which makes it easier for the user to enter a large
amount of data into a single spreadsheet.

Also there are features like the auto correct which make changes to the entire
document if there is an error in inputting an entry. This makes the job the less
redundant and easier for the Estimator. The key objective of cost estimation is to
arrive at an accurate cost and schedules so as to avoid schedule slips and cost

5
overruns. Cost estimation goes beyond preparing approx. costs and helps in preparing
schedules, manage human resource, support assessment and decision making.

The wide range of topics in cost estimation represents the crossing of

various fields such as project management, business management and engineering.

Cost estimation recognises and pays attention to the relationship between cost and
physical dimension of what is being built. In a construction project there are several
types of estimators such as building estimator, electrical estimator, quantity surveyor
etc. The work of an estimator is very important because they help in planning,
managing the project cost, investment appraisal, risk analysis etc. Estimators also help
in budgeting, planning and monitoring a project.

6
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR THE ESTIMATOR:

The best information source for the cost estimator is a company that has had
past experience. Why is that? Because accurate work pricing system would be
preserved. Information on the actual quantity of material specified, the amount of
labor accurate or work hours, and hours of the actual equipment required to perform
each task is invaluable information for the estimator and project control processes. It
is important that the actual basis of information received to develop data container
information for the estimator (Schutte & Liska, 1994).

2.2 COST ELEMENTS:

Imam Soeharto (1995), puts forward an estimated cost would be complete if

contains the following elements:

a. The Purchase Cost of Materials and Equipments:Prepare cost estimates of

materials and equipment purchases are very complex, ranging from creating
specifications, looking for the source, conducting an auction or tender, until to pay the
cost / price. There are various alternatives available to these activities, so that when
less precise handling can cause project costs to be uneconomical. Estimate Estimating
Data Base Time and Quality field reports.

b. Rental Cost or Purchase Cost of Construction Equipment:In addition there are

also construction equipments those are used as an auxiliary means of construction that
are not permanent, such as trucks, tower cranes, fork lifts, graders, scrapers and
others.

c. Labor’s Wage:Labor consists of the headquarters labor that consisting of

engineering expertise, supervision and labor in the field. Identifying labor cost / hour /
person is a further elaboration of the scope of the project. Given the portion of labor

to reach a percentage of 35% of the total project cost.

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d. Subcontractor Expense:Subcontracted work is generally work package consisting
of services and materials provided by subcontractors.

e. Transportation Expense:Transportation costs include all costs of transportation of

materials, equipments, and labors associated with project implementation.

f. Overhead and Administration:This component consists of the operating expenses

charged to the project , such as office rent, paying electricity, telephone, marketing

costs, and expenses for taxes, insurance, royalties, security deposits and others.

g. Fee / Profit and Contingency:After all the cost components collected, then
counted the number of contingency and fee or profit.

2.3 COST ESTIMATION:

Dipohusodo (1996) proposed estimates in general is essentially an attempt to
assess or estimate a value through analysis and calculation based on experience.
According to Wara Kushartini (2002), developing the Budget Plan (RAB), contains
elements of uncertainty about the information and input data, such as data on the use
of labor, materials and equipment.

Rudi Santoso (1999), to determine the cost estimation, in the grouping

categories need to be considered a function of the buildings to be used as a guide for
unit price. According to Ibrahim Bachtiar (1993), the budget cost of a building or
project is a computation of the required amount of fees for materials and labor based
on the analysis, as well as other costs associated with project implementation.

Allan Ashworth (1994), cost planning process consists of 3 (three) phases

include: Phase One, involving the determination of realistic. The second phase, how
to plan estimates on the various parts of the work of a project. The third phase, a
checking process to ensure that the actual design detail to the parts of this work can be
carried out within the limits of the cost plan.

2.4 TYPES OF ESTIMATION:

Estimation can be differentiated into several types, namely:

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a. Feasibility estimation:To determine whether the project is feasible. Costs taken
into account in these estimates include costs for land acquisition, design, depreciation,
taxes, interest, capital, maintenance and annual repairs, and others.

b. Conceptual estimation:Estimation that is made during the design process takes

place. For each revised estimates, the accuracy of the cost will increase according to
the design stage. Types of conceptual estimation: Functional unit price estimation,
which uses the functions of the facility as a basis for setting fees/costing basis.

Estimation of unit cost per square meter, this method relies on data from similar
projects ever built. This method is low accuracy. Estimation of unit cost per cubic
meter, can be used on buildings that emphasize the volume. This method is reliable
only for early planning and design phase. Factorial estimation, used in projects that
have the same type.

This method is very useful for projects that have the same/similar main component.
The cost of this major component will serve as a basic factor of 1.00 and all the price
of other components is a function of main components. Systematic estimation, the
project is divided into functional system, and then the unit price is determined by
summing the unit price of each element of each system or multiplying with the

existing data multipliers.

c. Details estimation:Details estimation is generally performed by general

contractors. The initial steps is to create quantity take-off based on the working
drawings and specifications, then unify the cost of materials, labor, equipment,

subcontractors, and other expenses such as overhead and profit.

d. Subcontractors estimation system, used only in the subcontracted construction area.

e. Added-less work estimation, where added-less work to happen because the owner
needs, a mistake in the contract documents, or change of project site conditions.

f. Estimation of progress, aimed as a basic demand / request of payment and as a

comparison to the advantages and disadvantages that have been predicted earlier.

9
10
 CHAPTER- 3 
METHODOLOGY

3.1 PREPARATION OF BUILDING LAYOUT USING AUTOCAD:

AutoCAD is the original CAD software used by millions around the world.
It can be used to create precise 2D and 3D drawings and models, as well as
electrical diagrams, construction drawings, and more.

To determine the total cost of the project, plan of the project is the primary source.
By using auto cad software the plan and the sectional elevation view of the G+2
residential building is drawn in the autocad software for further estimation of the
project.

3.2 QUANTITY AND COST ESTIMATION USING MICROSOFT

EXCEL:

Microsoft Excel is the industry leading spreadsheet, used by millions of

people all over the world. Computer spreadsheets can be simple or as complex as you
want to make them. They are used for estimation of quantity and abstract estimate and
make you more efficient in your estimating and in many other tasks.

3.3 AutoCAD:

AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer

aided design and drafting for various fields in engineering like civil, mechanical,
electrical, automation, architecture etc. It was first launched in 1982 by Autodesk,
Including AutoCAD Architecture allows designers to draw 3D objects such as walls,
doors and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than
simple objects.

The data can be programmed to represent products sold in the building

industry, or it can be extracted into a file for pricing material estimation etc.
AutoCAD or Computer Aided Design is a very helpful tool in drafting and designing
any structure. AutoCAD uses a Graphical User Interface for the purpose of drafting
and designing any structure. The software has various inbuilt tools for complex

11
drafting. Also AutoCAD can be used for 2D and 3D design and also for perspective
design. Below is a screenshot of the GUI of Auto CAD. With the help of AutoCAD
all the drafting for the project has been done. It has made the life of a drafter quite
easy than the conventional drafter using paper and pencil.

It has made possible to make easy changes in the drawing as and when
required. Also various comm and such as COPY, OFFSET, ROTATE, MOVE have
made the tedious process of redundant work quite easy and faster.

3.4 MICROSOFT EXCEL:

Excel is a typical spreadsheet which is nowadays widely used in cost

estimation and also sometimes for planning purposes. Excel has various inbuilt
calculation tools which can be used for complex calculation. Apart from that one can
also input one’s own formula for special calculations.

The user interface is very friendly and easy to use. There are around Rows:
1,048,576 Columns: 16,384, which makes it easier for the user to enter a large amount
of data into a single spreadsheet. Also there are features like the auto correct which
make changes to the entire document if there is an error in inputting an entry. This
makes the job the less redundant and easier for the Estimator.

3.5 METHODS OF TAKING OUT QUANTITIES:

The quantities like earth work, foundation concrete, brickwork in plinthand

super structure etc., can be workout by any of following two methods:

a) Long wall - short wall method

b) Centre line method.

c) Partly centre line and short wall method.

a) LONG WALL-SHORT WALL METHOD:

In this method, the wall along the length of room is considered to be

longwall while the wall perpendicular to long wall is said to be short wall. To get the
length of long wall or short wall, calculate first the centre line lengths of individual
walls.

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 Then the length of long wall, (out to out) may be calculated after adding half
breadth at each end to its centre line length. Thus the length of short wall Measured
into in and may be found by deducting half breadth from its centre linelength at each
end. The length of long wall usually decreases from earth work to brick work in
super structure while the short wall increases. These lengths are multiplied by breadth
and depth to get quantities.

b) CENTRE LINE METHOD:

This method is suitable for walls of similar cross sections. Here the
totalcentre line length is multiplied by breadth and depth of respective item to get
thetotal quantity at a time. When cross walls or partitions or verandah walls joinwith
main all, the centre line length gets reduced by half of breadth for eachjunction. Such
junction or joints are studied carefully while calculating total centreline length. The
estimates prepared by this method are most accurate and quick.

c) PARTLY CENTRE LINE AND PARTLY CROSS WALL METHOD:

This method is adopted when external (i.e., around the building) wall is of
one thickness and the internal walls having different thicknesses. In such cases, centre
line method is applied to external walls and long wall-short wall method issued to
internal walls.This method suits for different thicknesses walls and different level of
foundations. Because of this reason, all Engineering departments are practicing this
method.

3.6 DETAILED ESTIMATE:

The preparation of detailed estimate consists of working out quantities of

various items of work and then determines the cost of each item. This is prepared in
two stages.

1) DETAILS OF MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATION OF

QUANTITIES:

The complete work is divided into various items of work such as earth work
concreting, brick work, R.C.C. Plastering etc., The details of measurements are taken
from drawings and entered in respective columns of prescribed preformed. The

13
quantities are calculated by multiplying the values that are in numbers column to
Depth column as shown below:

2)ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATED COST:

The cost of each item of work is worked out from the quantities that already
computed in the details measurement form at workable rate. But the total cost is
worked out in the prescribed form is known as 11 abstract of estimated form. 4%of
estimated Cost is allowed for Petty Supervision, contingencies and Unforeseen items.

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15
 CHAPTER 4
SPECIFICATION AND RATE ANALYSIS

4.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATION:

This gives the nature and class of the work and materials in general terms, to
be used in the various parts of work, from the foundation to the superstructure. It is a
short description of different parts of work specifying materials, proportions,
qualities, etc., General specifications give general idea of the whole work or structure
and are useful for preparing for estimate.

4.2 DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS:

DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS OF EXCAVATIONS, FILLING AND
BACKFILLING:
Scope of Work The scope for work covered under this specifications pertain
to excavation of foundations, trenches, pits and over areas, in all sorts of soil, soft and
hard rock, correct to dimensions given in the drawing including shoring, protections
of existing underground utilities of any, such as water lines, electric cables etc.
dewatering and shoring if necessary, stacking the useful materials as directed within
the lead specified, refilling around the foundation and into the plinth with selected
useful excavated earth and disposing off the surplus earth / materials within specified
lead and finishing the surface to proper levels, slopes and camber etc. all complete.

SITE CLEARANCE:

Before the earth work is started the area coming under cutting and filling
shall be cleared of all obstruction, loose stones, shrubs, rank vegetation, grass, bushes
and rubbish removed up to a distance of 150 metres outside the periphery of the area
under clearance. This work is deemed to be included in the earthwork item rate and no
separate payment will be admissible.

ROOTS AND VEGETATION CLEARANCE:

The roots of trees if any shall be removed to a minimum depth of 60 cm
below ground level or a minimum of 30 cm below formation level whichever is lower
and the hollows filled up with earth leveled and rammed. This work is deemed to be

16
included in the earthwork items and no separate payment will be admissible for the
work. Any material obtained from the site will be the property of the Government of
India and the useful materials as decided by the Engineer-in-charge will be conveyed
and properly stacked as directed within the lead specified.

Setting out and making profiles:

Masonry or concrete pillars will be erected at suitable points in the area to

serve as benchmarks for the execution of the work. These benchmarks shall be
connected with G.T.S. or any other permanent benchmark approved by the Engineer-
in-charge. Necessary profiles with pegs, bamboos and strings or Burjis shall be made
to show the correct formation levels before the work is started. The contractor shall
supply labour and materials for setting out and making profiles and Burjis for the
work at his own cost and the same shall be maintained during the excavation work.

The Department will show grid co-ordinate or other reference points. It shall
bethe responsibility of the contractor to set out center lines correctly with reference to
the drawings and install substantial reference marks. Checking of such alignment by
the Department will not absolve the contractor from his responsibility to execute the
work strictly in accordance with the drawings.

EXCAVATION:
The contractor shall notify the Engineer-in-charge before starting excavation
and before the ground is disturbed, to enable him to take existing level for the purpose
of measurements. The ground levels shall be taken at 5 to 15 metres intervals in
uniformly sloping ground and at closer distance where local mounds, pits, or
undulations are met with, as directed by the Engineer-incharge. The ground levels
shall be recorded in field books and plotted on plans, which shall be signed by the
Contractor and the Engineer-in-charge, before the earthwork is actually started.

The labour required for taking levels, shall be supplied by the Contractor at
his own cost. The Contractor shall perform excavation in all types of soils, murrum,
soft and hard rock, boulders etc. in foundation, over areas and in trenches to widths,
lines, levels, grades and curves as shown in the drawing or lesser widths, lines, levels,
grades and levels as directed by the Engineer-in-charge and per items in the schedule
of quantities.

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 The item in the schedule of quantities shall specify the excavation in
trenches or over areas. For this purpose, the excavation for any depth in trenches for
foundation not exceeding 1.5m in width or 10sqm. on plan shall be described as
excavation in foundation trenches. Excavation exceeding 1.5m in width as well as
10sqm. on plan (excluding trenches for pipes, cables etc.) and exceeding 30cm in
depth shall be described as excavation over areas. Excavation exceeding 1.5m in
width as well as 10sqm. on plan but not exceeding 30cm. in depth shall be described
as surface Excavation.

CLASSIFICATION OF EARTH WORK:

The earthwork shall be classified under the following main categories and
measured separately for each category. All types of soil, murrum, boulders, Soft rock,
Hard rock.

All types of Soils, Murrum, Boulders:

This includes earth, murrum, top deposits of agricultural soil, reclaimed

soil, clay, sand or any combination thereof ad soft and hard murrum, shingle etc.
which is loose enough to be removed with spadies, shovel and pick axes. Boulders not
more than 0.03 cum. in volume found during the course of excavation shall also fall
under this classification.

Excavation in Soft Rock:

This shall include all materials which are rock or hard conglomerate, all
decomposed weathered rock, highly fissured rock, old masonry, boulders bigger than
0.03 cum, in volume but not bigger than 0.5 cum. and other varieties of soft rock
which can be removed only with pick axes, crow bars, wedges and hammers with
some difficulty. The mere fact that the contractor resorts to blasting and / or wedging
and chiseling of reasons of his own, shall not mean the rock is classifiable as hard
rock.

Excavation in Hard Rock :

This includes all rock other than soft rock mentioned in para above 1.5.1 (b)
viz. soft rock, occurring in masses, boulders having approximate volume more than

18
0.5 cum. plain or reinforced cement concrete, which can best be removed by chiseling
and wedging where blasting cannot be permitted owing to any restriction at site.

Excavation in Hard Rock by Chiseling and Wedging:

Where blasting is not permitted and if the Engineer-in-charge so desires, the

excavation shall be done by chiseling and wedging or any other agreed method.

Note: All the excavated hard rock obtained shall be stacked properly and neatly
within thespecified lead by the contractor as directed by the Engineer-in-charge
Excavation: The excavation under all classifications in areas in trenches or in pits
shall be carried out systematically. Cutting shall be done from top to bottom and not
under pining or under cutting will be allowed. The bottom and sides of excavation
shall be dressed to proper level, slopes, steps, camber etc. by removing high spots and
ramming thoroughly as directed by the Engineer-in-charge.

All the excavation shall be carried out strictly to the dimensions given in the
drawing. The width shall generally be of the width of mudmat concrete and depth as
shown in drawing or as directed by the Engineer-in-charge, according to availability
of the desired bearing capacity of soil below. Any excavation if taken below the
specified depths and levels, the contractor shall at his own cost fill up such over cut to
the specified level with cement concrete.

In case of excavation in all types of soils an with cement concrete in case of

excavation soft and hard rock. After the excavation is completed, the contractor shall
notify the Engineer-in-charge to that effect and no further work shall be taken up until
the Engineer-in-charge has approved the depth and dimensions an also the nature of
foundation materials, levels and measurements shall also be recorded prior to taking
up any further work.

Backfilling in sides of Foundations, Plinth, Under Floor:

The backfilling shall be done after the concrete or masonry has fully set and
shall be done in such a way as not to cause under-thrust on any part of the structure.
Where suitable excavated material is to be used for backfilling, it shall be brought
from the place where it was temporarily deposited and shall be used in backfilling.

19
 The scope of work for backfilling/ filling in foundation, plinth, under floors
etc. shall include filling for all the buildings covered under the contract. Surplus earth
available from one building, if required, shall be used for backfilling filling for other
buildings also within the specified lead mentioned in the item. All timber shoring and
form work left in the trenches, pits, floors etc. shall be removed after their necessity
ceases and trash of any sort shall be cleared out from the excavation.

All the space between foundation masonry or concrete and the sides
of excavation shall be backfilled to the original surface with approved materials in
layers not exceeding 150mm, in thickness, watered and well consolidated by means of
rammers to at least 90% of the consolidation. Areas inaccessible to mechanical
equipment such as areas adjacent to walls and columns etc. shall be tamped by hand
rammer or by handheld power rammers to the required density.

The backfill shall be uniform in character and free from large lumps, stones.
shingle or boulder not larger than 75mm. in any direction, salt, clods, organic or other
foreign materials which might rot. The backfilling in plinth and under floor shall be
well consolidated by means of mechanical or hand operated rammers as specified to
achieve the required density. Test to establish proper consolidation as required will be
carried out by the Department at rates specified. Two tests per 50 sqm. will be taken
to ascertain the proper consolidation. The cost of tests carried out will be recovered
from the contractor’s bill.

Filling in Plinth and Under Floors:

After the available suitable excavated materials are exhausted as backfilling, the
contractor shall notify the Engineer-in-charge of the fact and levels taken jointly with
Engineerin- charge. The earth, murrum, sand, gravel etc. or such materials suitable for
filling proposed to be filled under floors and so mentioned in t he item of schedule of
quantities shall then be brought to site from approved locations and sources.

Earth Filling:

The earth, soft murrum etc. so brought shall be filled up in layers of 15 cm depth,
each layer being well watered and consolidated by approved hand or mechanical

tampers or other suitable means to achieve the required density.

Gravel or sand filling:

20
Gravel if required to be filled under floors, shall be single washed gravel of approved
quality and of size varying from 12mm t0 20mm. it shall be uniformly blind with
approved type of soil and / or sand to obtain full compaction. Gravel shall be filled in
specified thickness and shall be well watered and rammed entirely to the satisfaction
of the Engineer-in-charge.If sand is required to be filled under floors, it shall be clean,
medium grained and free from impurities.

21
 CHAPTER-5
STANDARD SCHEDULE OF RATES

5.1 RATE ANALYSIS:

Schedule of Rates means any schedule included in the Contract which, in
respect of any section or item of the Services to be carried out, shows the respective
rate (Fee) of payment for performance of that service and which may also include
lump sums, other sums, quantities and prices.

A schedule of rates of various items is prepasred after the analysis of rates.It

is prepared by the large concerns or public bodies such as central public work
department(CPWD),state governments etc.It is very useful especially in the
preparation of estimate and also in deciding the rate of an extra item,carried out by the
contractor.Normally a clause in the conditions of the contract is inserted,stated that,
any extra item that might occur during the execution of work shall be paid as per rate
in the SOR.

Every construction project is divided into number of activities. Each activity

consists of different types of civil or construction works. For example, the in the
construction of a building, the activities can be excavation or earthwork, Concrete
work, masonry work, Wood work such as doors and windows, plumbing, flooring,
waterproofing, finishing work such as plastering, painting and distempering.

The Activity earthwork can be divided into many types based on depth and
type of soil. For example, an excavation of 1.5m deep in soft soil, an excavation of
3m deep in hard soil. Likewise, concrete work can be divided into many types based
on its mix proportions and its placement. For example, M25 reinforced concrete work
in foundation, M30 reinforced concrete work in columns, slabs etc. Likewise, there
can be many small civil works in every construction project.

The cost of any construction project is calculated based on each works

associated with every construction activity. Thus it is essential to calculate cost of

22
each small works. Rate analysis of Civil Works or Building Works is the
determination of cost of each construction work per unit quantity.

This cost includes the cost of materials, labours, machinery, contractors

profit and other miscellaneous petty expenses required for the particular work to be
complete in unit quantity. For example, cost of 1 cubic meter of M20 RCC work in
slab, Cost of 1 cubic meter of excavation in soft soil of 1.5m depth, cost of 1 square
meter of plastering of 20mm, cost of 1 square meter of painting work with specified
paint in 2 layers or 3 layers as required. The cost of materials in rate analysis is
calculated as combination of cost of material at origin, its transportation costs, taxes.

The rate of labour is based on skill of the labour, such as skilled labour,
semi-skilled and unskilled labour. The cost of materials and labours vary from place
to place. Thus, the cost of each construction work varies from place to place.

Factors which affect the rate analysis of civil works are:

 Specification of the civil work and materials such as quality of materials,

proportion of mortar or concrete, thickness of plastering, number of coats of
painting, depth of excavation, type of soil etc.

 Location of the construction site – Distance of construction site from source of

materials, availability of labours, availability of water, machinery etc.
influence the rate analysis of construction work.

 Quantity of materials, number of different types of labours and rates of

materials and labours influence the rate analysis.

 Profit of the contractor, miscellaneous expenses and other overheads also

influence the rate analysis.

5.2 Elements of Rate Analysis of Civil Works:

a) Material cost inclusive of wastage
b) Labour cost
c) Plant & machinery owning and operating charges
d) Water charges
e) Taxes

23
 f) Insurance/ risk coverage charges
g) Contractor’s overheads and profit

5.3 Analysis of Rates is Required in Construction Projects:

The rate analysis may be required in construction projects for following purposes:

 For the purpose of tendering. In the case of tendering, the contractor may
calculate cost of unit work involved in each construction activity for justified
quoting of rates. The client may also require rate analysis to calculate the cost
of construction project.

 To assess the requirements of quantities of labours, materials, machineries and

capital to complete the project.

 To optimise the use of labour, materials and machineries and to know the
alternatives to optimize the resources.

 To assess the rate of unit work from time to time for payment increase in
material or labour costs or any deviations in work specifications, extra items
of work to the contractor.

 To compare the cost of project with the sanctioned capital of the project to
take necessary action or regularization of excess or less cost.

 To workout the budget of the construction project and control the cash flows
at various stages of construction work.

 To find out the irrational rates quoted by the contractors during tendering
process.

 To serve as the basic data in case of dispute among project owner and
contractor.

24
Standard Schedule Rates of Materials:

S.no Description Unit Ss rate 2019-20(Rs)

1 Common burnt clay of 19x19x9 cm Each 5.70

2 Portland cement of grade 43 1bag (50kg) 320

3 Stone aggregate of 20mm nominal size Cum 1400

4 Sand Cum 1200

5 TMT steel of fe500 1 Tonne 45000

Labour Charges:

Designation of Labour Cost(Rs/day)

Head mason 800

Mason 650

Majdoor 350

Bhisti 200

Tools and Equipments 1000

25
 CHAPTER-6
PLANS AND SECTIONAL VIEW OF G+2
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

The plans and elevational view of the G+2 Residential building are drawn by
using the Auto CAD software. The total buildup area considered for the planning is
89 sq.m

26
6.1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

27
6.2 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

28
6.3 SECOND FLOOR PLAN

29
 6.4 SECTIONAL ELEVATION VIEW

Specifications:
1. Thickness of slab =0.120m
2. Height of each floor =3m
3. Size of Footing =1.5m x 0.75m x 0.9m
4. Depth of Foundation =1.5m below ground level
5. Height of Parapet Wall =1m
6. Thickness of Parapet Wall =0.13m

30
 CHAPTER-7
ABSTRACT AND DETAILED ESTIMATE OF
PROPOSED G+2 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
The detailed and abstract estimate of the G+2 Residential building is estimated
by using the plans which are drawn in the AutoCAD software.The quantities are
calculated by using the dimensions and cost is estimated by knowing the quantities
and applying Standard schedule of rates to it.

ABSTRACT AND DETAILED ESTIMATE OF PROPOSED G+2 FLOORS RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

GROUND FLOOR

S.NO De s cription of the Ite m Nos . Le ngth Width De pth Quantity Unit Rate Amount

Earth work e xcavation for foundation of

1 fille rs ,bas e me nt and campound wall including
with cos t & conve yance of all labour charge s e tc.

Footings 12 1.50 1.50 1.5 40.50

Bas ement
Short walls 8 4.00 0.75 0.90 21.60
long walls 3 10.00 0.75 0.90 20.25
Deductions
Footings 12 1.50 0.75 0.90 12.15
70.20 Cum 500.00 35,100.00

2 C.C be d(1:5:10) us ing 40mm s ize H.B.G Me tal

Footings 12 1.50 1.50 0.30 8.10

Bas ement
Short walls 8 4.00 0.75 0.30 7.20
Flooring bed 2 4.00 10.00 0.15 12.00
long walls 3 10.00 0.75 0.30 6.75
Deductions
Footings 12 1.50 0.75 0.30 4.05
30.00 Cum 3,800.00 1,14 ,000.00

3 R.R.Mas onary in CM 1:6 B.G.L

Bas ement
Short walls 8 4.00 0.60 0.60 11.52
long walls 3 10.00 0.60 0.60 10.80
Deductions
Footings 12 0.30 0.60 0.60 1.30
21.02 Cum 2,250.00 47,304.00

4 C.R.S.Mas onary in CM 1:6 Above G.L

Bas ement
Short walls 8 4.00 0.45 0.90 12.96
long walls 3 10.00 0.45 0.90 12.15
Deductions
Footings 12 0.30 0.23 0.90 0.75
24.36 Cum 2,150.00 52,384.32

31
5
R. C. C. 1:2:4 for GROUND FLOOR

Footing Columns 12 0.30 0.30 1.5 1.62

Footing Mats 12 1.50 1.50 .3 8.10
Plinth Beams
long walls 3 10.00 0.30 0.30 2.70
Short walls 7 4.00 0.30 0.30 2.52
Internal walls 1 4.00 0.30 0.30 0.36
Ground Floor Columns 12 0.45 0.30 3.00 4.86
Lintels long 3 10.00 0.90 0.075 2.03
Lintels short 7 4.00 0.90 0.075 1.89
Window s uns hades 6 1.80 0.90 0.075 0.73
Roof Slab 1 10.00 8.90 .12 10.68
Staircas e 1 6.30 1.00 0.15 0.95
Steps 18 1.00 0.20 0.17 0.61
Roof Beems long 3 10.00 0.30 0.35 3.15
Roof Beems Short 8 4.00 0.30 0.35 3.36
Roof Beems Staircas e projections 1 3.20 0.30 .35 0.34
43.89 Cum 7,200.00 3,15,986.40

Earth work Refilling of bas e me nt with us eful s oil

6 at the lead of 10 m and lift of 2 m including with
cos t & con

Builtup area 1 10.00 8.90 1.20 106.80

106.80 Cum 400.00 42,720.00
7 Ground Floor - Brick mas onry work in C M 1:6
Proportion Parape t Wall including cos t and
conveyance of all material and labour charges
etc., complete.

long walls 3 10.00

1 0.30 2.65 23.85
Short walls 7 4.00 0.30 2.65 22.26
Internal walls 1 4.00 0.30 2.65 3.18
Staircas e 1 1.00 0.13 1.00 0.13
Perapet wall 0 37.80 0.13 1.00 0.00
49.42 Cum
deductions
windows 6 1.50 0.3 1.20 3.24
ventilatours 1 0.60 0.3 0.30 0.05
M Doors 1 1.20 0.3 2.1 2.52
C.Doors 4 0.90 0.3 2.1 2.27
open wall 1 1.30 0.3 2.65 1.03
9.11 Cum
40.31 Cum 3,800.00 1,53,178.00
Supply and fixing of wood doors & window Frame s
of all fixtures and furnitures complete as per
8 `
drawing

windows 6 1.50 1 1 6.00 No's 6,000.00 36,000.00

ventilatours 1 0.60 1 1 1.00 No's 800.00 800.00
M Doors 1 1.20 1 1 1.00 No's 12,000.00 12,000.00
C.Doors 4 0.90 1 1 4.00 No's 7,500.00 30,000.00
78,800.00
32
 Supply and fixing of Me dium te ak wood doors and
9 window s hutte rs of all fixture s and furniture s
complete as pe r drawing

windows 6 1.50 1 1 6.00 No's 6,000.00 36,000.00

M Doors 1 1.20 1 1 1.00 No's 12,000.00 12,000.00
C.Doors 4 0.90 1 1 4.00 No's 7,500.00 30,000.00
78,000.00
Painting ove r ne w wood work with s ynthe tic
10 e namel paint of twocoats ove r doors and windows

windows 6 1.50 1 1 6.00 No's 1,200.00 7,200.00

ventilatours 1 0.60 1 1 1.00 No's 800.00 800.00
M Doors 1 1.20 1 1 1.00 No's 6,000.00 6,000.00
C.Doors 4 0.90 1 1 4.00 No's 5,000.00 20,000.00
34,000.00
Ce me nt Plas te ring in C M 1:3 Proportion 20mm
thick in one coat s ponge finis h and labour
11 charge s , s caffolding, curing, and all incide ntal
charge s e tc., comple te for inte rnal walls

long walls 3 10.00 2.00 2.65 159.00

Short walls 7 4.00 2.00 2.65 148.40
Internal Short walls 1 4.00 2.00 2.65 21.20
Ceiling 1 10.00 8.90 1.00 89.00
Staircas e 1 6.30 2.00 1.00 12.60
Perapet wall 0 37.00 2.00 1.00 0.00
430.20
de ductions
windows 6 1.50 2.00 1.10 19.80
ventilatours 1 0.60 2.00 .30 0.36
M Doors 1 1.20 2.00 1.8 2.16
C.Doors 4 0.90 2.00 1.8 12.96
35.28
394.92 Sq.mt 250.00 98,730.00
12 Painting for all walls 1 394.92 Sq.mt 250.00 98,730.00
13
Flooring with 20 mm thick Italian marble s inluding
.
with laying and finnis hing

Hall 1 3.70 2.90 - 10.73

Toilets 1 2.00 1.30 - 2.60
Kitchen 1 3.70 2.70 - 9.99
Parking 1 3.70 3.20 - 11.84
Bedroom- 1 1 3.90 3.20 12.48
Bedroom- 2 1 3.90 4.30 - 16.77
Staircas e 1 7.00 1 - 7.00
71.41 Sq.mt 1,200.00 85,692.00
14
Main Gate 1 200.00
200.00 Kg's 150.00 30,000.00
15
Plumbe r,Wate r & Drainage works 1 1,00,000.00

Water s upply charges with Bore We ll, s ump &

16 2,00,000.00
s anitary fittings

Supply & Fixing of be s t te ak wood cubboards in

17 kit,hall & Be d with total cos t of mate rial and 1,00,000.00
labour charge s e tc.

16,64,630.00
18 Ele ctrification Charge s 10% 1,66,463.00

19 Ele vational Charges 8 % 1,33,170.40

GROUND FLOOR Total Amount 19,64,270.00

(Nine tee n Lakhs Sixty Four Thous and Two Hunde re d And Se ve nty Rupe e s only )

33
 ABSTRACT AND DETAILED ESTIMATE OF PROPOSED G+2 FLOORS RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

FIRST FLOOR
S.NO De s cription of the Item Nos . Length Width Depth Quantity Unit Rate Amount
1
R. C. C. 1:2:4 for FIRST FLOOR

Firs t Floor Columns 12 0.30 0.30 3.00 3.24

Lintels long 3 10.00 0.90 0.075 2.03
Lintels s hort 7 4.00 0.90 0.075 1.89
Window s uns hades 6 1.80 0.90 0.075 0.73
Roof Slab 1 10.00 8.90 0.12 10.68
Staircas e 1 6.30 1.00 0.15 0.95
Steps 18 1.00 0.20 0.17 0.61
Roof Beems long 3 10.00 0.30 0.35 3.15
Roof Beems Short 8 4.00 0.30 0.35 3.36
Roof Beems Staircas e projections 1 3.20 0.30 0.35 0.34
26.97 Cum 7,200.00 1,94,162.40
2 Firs t Floor - Brick mas onry work in
C M 1:6 Proportion Parape t Wall
including cos t and conve yance of all
material and labour charge s etc.,
complete.

long walls 3 10.00 0.30 2.65 23.85

Short walls 7 4.00 0.30 2.65 22.26
Internal walls 1 4.00 0.30 2.65 3.18
Staircas e 1 1.00 0.13 1.00 0.13
Parapet wall 0 37.80 0.13 1.00 0.00
49.42 Cum
deductions
windows 6 1.50 0.3 1.20 3.24
ventilatours 1 0.60 0.3 0.30 0.05
M Doors 1 1.20 0.3 2.1 2.52
C.Doors 4 0.90 0.3 2.1 2.27
open wall 1 1.30 0.3 2.65 1.03
9.12 Cum
40.30 Cum 3,800.00 1,53,157.10
Supply and fixing of wood doors &
window Frames of all fixtures and
3 `
furnitures complete as per drawing

windows 6 1.50 1 1 6.00 No's 6,000.00 36,000.00

ventilatours 1 0.60 1 1 1.00 No's 800.00 800.00
M Doors 1 1.20 1 1 1.00 No's 12,000.00 12,000.00
C.Doors 4 0.90 1 1 4.00 No's 7,500.00 30,000.00
78,800.00
Supply and fixing of Me dium teak
wood doors and window s hutte rs of
4 all fixture s and furnitures comple te
as per drawing

windows 6 1.50 1 1 6.00 No's 6,000.00 36,000.00

M Doors 1 1.20 1 1 1.00 No's 12,000.00 12,000.00
C.Doors 4 0.90 1 1 4.00 No's 7,500.00 30,000.00
78,000.00

34
 Painting ove r ne w wood work with
s ynthe tic e name l paint of twocoats
5 ove r doors and windows

windows 6 1.50 1 1 6.00 No's 1,200.00 7,200.00

ventilatours 1 0.60 1 1 1.00 No's 800.00 800.00
M Doors 1 1.20 1 1 1.00 No's 6,000.00 6,000.00
C.Doors 4 0.90 1 1 4.00 No's 5,000.00 20,000.00
34,000.00
Ceme nt Plas te ring in C M 1:3
Proportion 20mm thick in one coat
s ponge finis h and labour charge s ,
6 s caffolding, curing, and all
incide ntal charges e tc., comple te
for internal walls

long walls 3 10.00 2.00 2.65 159.00

Short walls 7 4.00 2.00 2.65 148.40
Internal Short walls 1 4.00 2.00 2.65 21.20
Ceiling 1 10.00 8.90 1.00 89.00
Staircas e 1 6.30 2.00 1.00 12.60
Parapet wall 0 37.00 2.00 1.00 0.00
430.20
de ductions
windows 6 1.50 2.00 1.10 19.80
ventilatours 1 0.60 2.00 .30 0.36
M Doors 1 1.20 2.00 1.8 2.16
C.Doors 4 0.90 2.00 1.8 12.96
35.28
394.92 Sq.mt 250.00 98,730.00
7 Painting for all walls 1 394.92 Sq.mt 250.00 98,730.00
8 Flooring with 20 mm thick Italian
marble s inluding with laying and .
finnis hing
Hall 1 3.70 2.90 - 10.73
Toilets 1 2.00 1.30 - 2.60
Kitchen 1 3.70 2.70 - 9.99
Bed room - 1 1 3.70 3.20 - 11.84
Bed room- 2 1 3.90 4.30 - 16.77
Staircas e 1 6.30 1 - 6.30
58.23 Sq.mt 1,200.00 69,876.00
9
Plumbe r,Wate r & Drainage works 1 50,000.00

Wate r s upply charges with High

10 Voltage Ele ctric motor s ump & 80,000.00
s anitary fittings
Supply & Fixing of be s t teak wood
cubboards in kit,hall & Be d with
11 1,00,000.00
total cos t of material and labour
charge s e tc.
10,35,460.00
12 Ele ctrification Charge s 10% 1,03,54 6.00

13 Ele vational Charges 8% 82,836.80

FIRST FLOOR Total Amount 12,21,850.00

( Twe lve Lakhs Twe nty One Thous and Eight Hunde re d And Fifty Rupe e s only )

35
 ABSTRACT AND DETAILED ESTIMATE OF PROPOSED G+2 FLOORS RESIDENTIAL BUILDING.

SECOND FLOOR

S.NO Description of the Item Nos. Length Width Depth Quantity Unit Rate Amount
1
R. C. C. 1:2:4 for SECOND FLOOR

Second Floor Columns 10 0.30 0.30 3.00 2.70

Lintels long 3 10.00 0.90 0.075 2.03
Lintels short 6 4.00 0.90 0.075 1.62
Window sunshades 5 1.80 0.90 0.075 0.61
Roof Slab 1 10.00 8.90 0.12 10.68
Staircase 1 6.30 1.00 0.15 0.95
Steps 18 1.00 0.20 0.17 0.61
Roof Beams long 3 10.00 0.30 0.35 3.15
Roof Beams Short 6 4.00 0.30 0.35 2.52
Roof Beems Staircase projections 1 3.20 0.30 0.35 0.34
25.20
deductions
slab 1 4.30 6.20 0.12 3.20
beam 1 6.20 0.30 0.35 0.65
21.35 Cum 7,200.00 1,53,686.16
2 Second Floor -Brick masonry work in C
M 1:6 Proportion Parapet Wall including
cost and conveyance of all material and
labour charges etc., complete.
long walls 3 10.00 0.30 2.65 23.85
Short walls 6 4.00 0.30 2.65 19.08
Internal walls 1 5.05 0.30 2.65 4.01
Staircase 1 1.00 0.13 1.00 0.13
Parapet wall 1 37.00 0.13 1.00 4.81
toilet wall 1 1.30 0.3 0.3 0.12
52.00 Cum
deductions
windows 5 1.50 0.3 1.20 2.70
ventilatours 1 0.60 0.3 0.30 0.05
M Doors 1 1.20 0.3 2.1 2.52
C.Doors 4 0.90 0.3 2.1 2.27
open wall 1 1.30 0.3 0.3 0.12
7.66 Cum
44.34 Cum 3,800.00
Supply and fixing of wood doors &
window Frames of all fixtures and
3 `
furnitures complete as per drawing

windows 5 1.50 1 1 5.00 No's 6,000.00 30,000.00

ventilatours 1 0.60 1 1 1.00 No's 800.00 800.00
M Doors 1 1.20 1 1 1.00 No's 12,000.00 12,000.00
C.Doors 4 0.90 1 1 4.00 No's 7,500.00 30,000.00
72,800.00
Supply and fixing of Medium teak wood
doors and window shutters of all
4 fixtures and furnitures complete as per
drawing

windows 5 1.50 1 1 5.00 No's 6,000.00 30,000.00

M Doors 1 1.20 1 1 1.00 No's 12,000.00 12,000.00
C.Doors 4 0.90 1 1 4.00 No's 7,500.00 30,000.00
72,000.00
36
 Painting over new wood work with
synthetic enamel paint of twocoats over
5 doors and windows

windows 5 1.50 1 1 5.00 No's 1,200.00 6,000.00

ventilatours 1 0.60 1 1 1.00 No's 800.00 800.00
M Doors 1 1.20 1 1 1.00 No's 6,000.00 6,000.00
C.Doors 4 0.90 1 1 4.00 No's 5,000.00 20,000.00
32,800.00
Cement Plastering in C M 1:3
Proportion 20mm thick in one coat
6 sponge finish and labour charges,
scaffolding, curing, and all incidental
charges etc., complete for internal walls

long walls 3 10.00 2.00 2.65 159.00

Short walls 6 4.00 2.00 2.65 127.20
Internal Short walls 1 4.00 2.00 2.65 21.20
Ceiling 1 10.00 8.90 1.00 89.00
Staircase 1 6.30 2.00 1.00 12.60
Parapet wall 1 37.00 2.00 1.00 74.00
toilet wall
483.00
deductions
windows 5 1.50 2.00 1.10 16.50
ventilatours 1 0.60 2.00 0.30 0.36
M Doors 1 1.20 2.00 1.8 2.16
C.Doors 4 0.90 2.00 1.8 12.96
31.98
451.02 Sq.mt 250.00 1,12,755.00
7 Painting for all walls 1 451.02 Sq.mt 250.00 1,12,755.00
8 Flooring with 20 mm thick Italian
marbles inluding with laying and .
finnishing
Hall 1 3.70 5.90 - 21.83
Toilets 1 2.00 1.30 - 2.60
Kitchen 1 3.90 3.20 - 12.48
Bed room 1 3.90 4.30 - 16.77
Staircase 1 6.30 1 - 6.30
59.98 Sq.mt 1,200.00 71,976.00
9
Plumber,Water & Drainage works 1 50,000.00

Water supply charges with High Voltage

10 80,000.00
Electric motor sump & sanitary fittings

Supply & Fixing of best teak wood

11 cubboards in kit,hall & Bed with total 1,00,000.00
cost of material and labour charges etc.

8,02,050.00
12 Electrification Charges 10% 80,205.00

13 Elevational Charges 8% 64,164.00

SECOND FLOOR Total Amount 9,46,420.00

( Nine Lakhs Fourty Six Thousand Four Hundered And Twenty Rupees only )

37
 ABSTRACT ESTIMATE OF PROPOSED G+2 FLOORS RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
BILL OF QUANTITIES
S.NO Des cription of the Item Quantity Unit Rate Amount

Earth work excavation for

foundation of fillers ,bas ement
1 and campound wall including 70.20 Cum 500.00 35,100
with cos t & conve yance of all
labour charges etc.

C.C bed(1:5:10) us ing 40mm

2 30.00 Cum 3,800.00 1,14,000
s ize H.B.G Metal

3 R.R.Mas onary in CM 1:6 B.G.L 21.02 Cum 2,250.00 47,304

C.R.S.Mas onary in CM 1:6 Above

4 24.36 Cum 2,150.00 52,384.32
G.L
5
Reinforced Cement Concrete 92.21 Cum 7200 6,63,912

Earth work Refilling of bas e

ment with us eful s oil at the
6 106.80 Cum 400.00 42,720.00
lead of 10 m and lift of 2 m
including with cos t & con

7 Brick mas onry work in C M

1:6 Proportion Parapet Wall
including cos t and conveyance
124.95 Cum 3,800.00 4,74,810.00
of all material and labour
charges etc., complete.

Supply and fixing of wood

doors & window Frames of all
fixtures and furnitures
8 2,30,400.00
complete as per drawing

Supply and fixing of Medium

teak wood doors and window
s hutters of all fixtures and
9 furnitures complete as per 2,28,000.00
drawing

Painting over new wood work

with s ynthetic enanmel paint
10 of 2 coats over doors and 1,00,800.00
windows .

38
 Cement Plastering in C M
1:3
Proportion 20mm thick in
one
coat sponge finish and
11 labour
charges, scaffolding, 1240.86 250.00 3,10,215.00
curing,
and all incidental charges Sq.mt
etc.,
complete for internal
walls

12 Painting for all 1240.86 Sq.mt 250.00 3,10,215.00

walls
13
Flooring with 20 mm
thick
Italian marbles inluding 189.62 Sq.mt 1,200.00 2,27,544.00
with
laying and
finishing
14
Main 200.00 Kg 150.00 30,000.00
Gate s
15
Plumber,Water &
2,00,000.00
Drainage
work
s
Water supply charges
16 with
Bore Well, sump & 2,80,000.00
sanitary
fitting
s
Supply & Fixing of best
teak
wood cubboards in kit,hall
17 3,00,000.00
&
Bed with total cost of
material
and labour charges
18 etc.
Electrification Charges 3,50,214.00
10%

19 Elevational Charges 2,80,171.20

8%
41,32,540

39
 CHAPTER -8
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

8.1 FOR GROUND FLOOR:

The total calculated quantity for the ground floor is 337 cu.m and by using
standard schedule rates of Telangana state the estimated cost for the ground floor is
Rs.19,64,270.

 Total quantity =336.58 cu.m

 Total cost = Rs. 19,64,270

8.2 FOR FIRST FLOOR:

The total calculated quantity for the first floor is 68cu.m and by using standard
schedule rates of Telangana state the estimated cost for the ground floor is
Rs.12,21,850.

 Total quantity = 67.27 cu.m

 Total cost = Rs. 12,21,850

8.3 FOR SECOND FLOOR:

The total calculated quantity for the first floor is 68cu.m and by using standard
schedule rates of Telangana state the estimated cost for the ground floor is
Rs.9,46,420.

 Total quantity = 65.67 cu.m

 Total cost = Rs. 9,46,420

Total estimated cost of the G+2 Residential building is Rs. 41,32,540.

40
 CHAPTER-9
CONCLUSION

This project includes the plan of the G+2 Residential building using
AUTOCAD software and the project conclude with the total cost estimation of the
residential building.

The layout of the proposed G+2 residential building is based on a plot of

size 89 sq.mt located in the village Kismathpur, Ranga Reddy district. Each floor
contains of 2BHK.All the drafting is done by using AUTOCAD software. The cost
estimate of the residential building has been calculated using centre line and long
wall-short wall methods according to our convinience in the Microsoft Excel. The
Abstract estimate is calculated using the standard schedule rates of Telangana state.

Estimating and costing thus serves the number of purposes in the

construction process including preparation and finalize of bids and cost control. The
main purpose is to provide to volume of work for cost control and to see that the
adequate options of materials are explored during the execution of the project and by
estimating the conflict arises will be reduced during the project.

41
 REFERENCES

• Estimation and costing in civil engineering :B N Dutta(27TH Revised Edition)

• Quantity surveying(Falcon Publishers): Y Rama Mohan Rao.

• Https://www.Constrobazaar.Com/blog/cost-estimation-in-construction/#more-
1435

• https://www.scribd.com/document/479208638/Telangana-Schedule-of-Rates-
Yr-2020-21

• https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/rate-analysis-of-civil-works-
elements-and-requirements/10952/

• http://e-journal.uajy.ac.id/913/3/2TSI12512.pdf

• https://www.ijser.in/archives/v4i3/IJSER15714.pdf

42