Name: Fauzan Akbar Rachman

Student Identification Number: 5211411035

SLA

Please show me how:

1. Linguistics

2. Psychology

3. Sociology

4. Psycholinguistics

5. Sociolinguistis

6. Discourse analysis

7. Conversation analysis

8. Education

can help SLA to answer the question of Second language learning.

1. Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human languages, meaning that it is a
comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise study of languages. Some of the
things analysed includes: Phonetics, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and pragmatics,
which are found in human linguistic systems, such as; Sound, Gestures, Minimal
units, Phrases, Sentences, Meanings and its uses.
In short, it is the foundation and fundamentals of a language, which can and will
be the basis of acquiring a new language and in this case, a second one. Because
in order to acquire a new language, we need to understand how it works and
how to properly use it beforehand. This also answers the “Are the rules like
those of the native language?” Which the answer is No. Each language has its
own rules and a second language doesn’t necessarily have the same rules as the
learner’s native language.

2. Psychology
Psychology is a study of the human condition, be it their mind or their soul, another
thing that is important to Second Language Learning. That is because the
individual’s state of mind matters upon giving and receiving information. Which
is why Psychology in Education is important for teachers.

3. Sociology
 Sociology is a scientific study that discusses various aspects of society and their
influence on human life, such as community structure, social elements, socialization
and social change. Sociology can help as a purpose of acquiring or learning a
second language, because to fully understand how to use a newly acquired
language you need to understand the culture and social symbolism behind it.

4. Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics studies the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable
humans to acquire, use, and understand a language. The study was originally more
philosophical in nature because there was still little understanding of the functioning
of the human brain. Therefore, psycholinguistics is closely related to cognitive
psychology. Modern research however, uses biology, neurology, cognitive science,
and information theory to study how the brain processes language.
This answers “Are there patterns that are common to all learners regardless of
the native language and regardless of the language being learned?” in which
case, no. There are no patterns that are common to learners regardless of the
native language and the language being learned, this is proven by studying each
individual that has different cognitive abilities and biological developments,
therefore the chance of a repeating pattern is low because every individual is
different.

5. Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is a sub-discipline of linguistics that studies the relationship between
language and society. In other words, sociolinguistics studies the use and use of
language, the place of language use, the grammar of the language level, the various
consequences of the contact of two or more languages, and the variety and timing of
the use of various languages.
In short, it can be interpreted as to how someone uses a language in certain
social situations. For example, someone who is talking to their elders or boss will
use a formal form of the language, be it on paper or spoken. Another example is
when someone from New York moved to Texas, overtime their accent will sound
more southern, but when they come back to New York they will slowly revert
back to the accent they had before. If an individual is looking to acquire a new
language they need to know how to differentiate between accents and formal and
casual situation.

6. Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis is the examination of language use by members of a speech
community. It involves looking at both language form and language function and
includes the study of both spoken interaction and written texts. It identifies linguistic
features that characterize different genres as well as social and cultural factors that aid
in our interpretation and understanding of different texts and types of talk. This
analysis can be used to answer “Do the rules created by second language learners
vary according to the context of use?” which is yes. It is proven by the data
 collected from examining an individual’s response to sentences or orders. Native
Japanese people nods and will say “okay” “hmm” “yes” under their breath as a
sign that they are paying attention to someone who is speaking to them. This is
carried when they are speaking another language as well, especially when
learning.

7. Conversation Analysis
Conversation analysis (CA) is an approach to the study of social interactions,
embracing both verbal and non-verbal conduct, in situations of everyday life. CA
originated as a sociological method, but has since spread to other fields. CA began
with a focus on casual conversation, but its methods were subsequently adapted to
embrace more task- and institution-centered interactions, such as those occurring in
doctors' offices, courts, law enforcement, helplines, educational settings, and the mass
media, and focus on nonverbal activity in interaction, including gaze, body movement
and gestures. The answer to the “Do these rules and patterns vary more in
individuals in a second language than they vary in the native language?”
question is Yes. The rules and patterns varies more in individuals in a second
language than they are in the native one. Because like said before, each language
has its own cultures, form, dialect and symbolism behind it, si the rules and
patterns varies more in the individual’s second language because they carry over
the ones from their native one.
8. Education
Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition
of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, habits, and personal development.
Educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion, and
directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators;
however, learners can also educate themselves. Education is important in acquiring
or learning a new language because not everybody can understand the same type
of educations. Some individuals require more emphasis on practice while some
other can do just fine by reading theories. This is why there are many methods of
educations, and with the right methodd for the right individual, they can achieve
great things, maybe even change the world as we know it.