Static GK

CONTENTS
Static Awareness
Chapter 01: Indian States and Its Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Chapter 02: List of Government Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Chapter 03: List of National Parks of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 04: Wildlife Sanctuaries In India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter 05: Public Sector Banks in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Chapter 06: Banking and Financial Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chapter 07: Indian Cities located on Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Chapter 08: Indian State and its Folk Dances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Chapter 09: Dams In India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Chapter 10: Awards & Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Chapter 11: List of Military Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Chapter 12: Festival In India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Chapter 13: First in India (Male) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Chapter 14: First in India (Female) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Chapter 15: List of Largest Longest Highest in the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Chapter 16: List of Longest Largest Heighest Smallest in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Chapter 17: Organisation in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Chapter 18: Hydroelectric Power Plants in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Chapter 19: Thermal Power Plants in India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Chapter 20: Nuclear Power Plants in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Chapter 21: Research Centres of India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Chapter 22: Nuclear & Space Research Centres in India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Chapter 23: Health and Medicinal Research Centres in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Chapter 24: Solar Power Plant in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Chapter 25: Stadiums In India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 26: Stadium In World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Chapter 27: Ports in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Chapter 28: India’s World Heritage Site (Included in UNESCO’s list) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Chapter 29: Intelligence Detective Agencies of the world. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Chapter 30: International Airport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Chapter 31: International Boundaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Chapter 32: Capitals & Currencies of Different Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Chapter 33: International Summits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Chapter 34: Important Days observed in the world. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Chapter 35: Important Financial, Economics & Budget Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Chapter 36: Sports and Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Static Awareness Questions Asked in Recent Exams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Complete Book on Banking Awareness & Static Awareness
Chapter
01 Indian States and Its Capital

S. No State Capital
1. Andhra Pradesh Amravati
2. Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar
3. Assam Dispur
4. Bihar Patna
5. Chhattisgarh Raipur
6. Goa Panaji
7. Gujarat Gandhinagar
8. Haryana Chandigarh
9. Himachal Pradesh Shimla
10. Jharkhand Ranchi
11. Karnataka Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore)
12. Kerala Thiruvananthapuram
13. Madhya Pradesh Bhopal
14. Maharashtra Mumbai
15. Manipur Imphal
16. Meghalaya Shillong
17. Mizoram Aizawl
18. Nagaland Kohima
19. Odisha Bhubaneswar
20. Punjab Chandigarh
21. Rajasthan Jaipur
22. Sikkim Gangtok
23. Tamil Nadu Chennai
24. Telangana Hyderabad
25. Tripura Agartala
26. Uttar Pradesh Lucknow
27. Uttarakhand Dehradun
28. West Bengal Kolkata
8 Union Territories of India

S. No Union Territory Capital
1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair
2. Chandigarh Chandigarh
3. Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu Daman
4. Delhi Delhi
5. Lakshadweep Kavaratti
6. Puducherry (Pondicherry) Pondicherry
7. Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)
8. Ladakh Leh
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Chapter
02 List of Government Schemes

• PM SVANidhi stands for Prime Minister Street Vendor’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi. It is a central sector scheme launched in
June 2020. It aims to provide micro-credit facilities to street vendors affected due to COVID-19 pandemic. The scheme
intends to facilitate collateral-free working capital loans of up to INR10,000/- of one-year tenure.
• Minister of Railways, Commerce and Industry, Consumer Affairs, and Food and Public Distribution Piyush
Goyal launched the Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS) on 19 April 2021. The fund aims to provide financial
assistance to startups for proof of concept, prototype development, product trials, market entry, and
commercialization.
• The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana (PM-Kisan Yojana) was launched in February 2019. Under the
scheme, the Centre transfers an amount of Rs 6,000 per year, in three equal instalments, directly into the bank
accounts of all landholding farmers irrespective of the size of their land holdings. It is a Central Sector Scheme with
100% funding from the Government of India and being implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers
Welfare.
• Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) launched by PM Narendra Modi on 10 September 2020. The
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) aims to focus on the focused and sustainable development of the
fisheries sector in the country. The scheme will be implemented at an estimated cost of Rs. 20,050 crores within a
period of 5 years from the fiscal year 2020-21 to the fiscal year 2024-25 in all states and union territories. The scheme
was announced as a part of the centre's AatmaNirbhar Bharat Package.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (P.M.J.D.Y) is India's National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to
financial services, namely Banking Savings & Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable
manner. This financial inclusion campaign was launched by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 28 August
2014.
• Sukanya Samriddhi Account is a Government of India backed saving scheme targeted at the parents of girl children.
The scheme encourages parents to build a fund for the future education and marriage expenses for their female child.
The scheme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra modi on 22 January 2015 as a part of the Beti Bachao, Beti
Padhao campaign.
• Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) is a scheme launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on April 8, 2015 for
providing loans upto 10 lakh to the non-corporate, non-farm small/micro enterprises. These loans are classified as
MUDRA loans under PMMY. These loans are given by Commercial Banks, RRBs, Small Finance Banks, Cooperative
Banks, MFIs and NBFCs. Under the aegis of Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, MUDRA has created three products i.e.
'Shishu', 'Kishore' and ‘Tarun’ as per the stage of growth and funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit.
➢ Shishu: covering loans up to Rs. 50,000
➢ Kishore: covering loans above Rs. 50,000 and up to Rs.5,00,000
➢ Tarun: covering loans above Rs.5,00,000 and up to Rs.10,00,000
• Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) is a government-backed Life insurance scheme in India. It was
originally mentioned in the 2015 Budget speech by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in February 2015. It was formally
launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 9 May 2015 in Kolkata.
• Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) is a government-backed accident insurance scheme in India. It
was formally launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 9 May 2015 in Kolkata. Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima
Yojana is available to people between 18 and 70 years of age with bank accounts. It has an annual premium of Rs12.
• Atal Pension Yojana is a government-backed pension scheme in India targeted at the unorganized sector. It is
administered by the PFRDA (Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority) under the National Pension
System (NPS). The scheme was launched to encourage individuals from the weaker section to opt for pension, which
would immensely benefit them during their old age. It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 9 May 2015
in Kolkata. The minimum age of joining APY is 18 years and maximum age is 40 years.

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• Kisan Vikas Patra is a saving certificate scheme which was first launched in 1988 by India Post. It was successful in
the early months but afterwards the Government of India set up a committee under supervision of Shayamla Gopinath
which gave its recommendation to the Government that KVP could be misused. Hence the Government of India
decided to close this scheme and KVP was closed in 2011 and the new government relaunched it in 2014.
• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) has been formulated with the vision of extending the coverage
of irrigation ‘Har Khet ko pani’ and improving water use efficiency ‘More crop per drop' in a focused manner with end
to end solution on source creation, distribution, management, field application and extension activities. The Cabinet
Committee on Economic Affairs chaired by Hon’ble Prime Minister has accorded approval of Pradhan Mantri Krishi
Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in its meeting held on 1st July, 2015.
• Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY), a Government of India initiative for the empowerment of deprived
sections, aims to achieve integrated development of selected villages through convergent implementation of all
relevant Central and State schemes. The scheme was launched in March 2010 on a pilot basis for the integrated
development of 1000 villages each with more than 50% SC population.
• Soil Health Card Scheme is a scheme launched by the Government of India in February 2015. Under the scheme, the
government plans to issue soil cards to farmers which will carry crop-wise recommendations of nutrients and
fertilizers required for the individual farms to help farmers to improve productivity through judicious use of inputs.
• Make in India, a type of Swadeshi movement covering 25 sectors of economy, was launched by the Government of
India on 25 September 2014 to encourage companies to manufacture their products in India.
• Skill India is a campaign launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15 July 2015 which aim to train over 40 crore
people in India in different skills by 2022. It includes various initiatives of the government like "National Skill
Development Mission", "National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015", "Pradhan Mantri Kaushal
Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)" and the "Skill Loan scheme".
• Smart City Mission, is an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with the mission to
develop 100 cities across the country making them citizen friendly and sustainable. "100 Smart Cities Mission" was
launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 June 2015.
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a campaign in India that aims to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India's
cities, smaller towns, and rural areas. The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi
by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• 'Namami Gange Programme', is an Integrated Conservation Mission, approved as 'Flagship Programme' by the
Union Government in June 2014 with budget outlay of Rs.20,000 Crore to accomplish the twin objectives of effective
abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga.
• Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao is a personal campaign of the Government of India that aims to generate awareness and
improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls. The scheme was launched with an initial funding of Rs100
crore.
• Mission Indradhanush is a health mission of the government of India. It was launched by Union Health Minister J. P.
Nadda on 25 December 2014. It aims to immunize all children under the age of 2 years, as well as all pregnant women,
against seven vaccine preventable diseases.
• Ananth Kumar, Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers launched Pharma Jan Samadhan Scheme on March 12,
2015. It is a web enabled system for redressal of consumers’ grievances relating to pricing and availability of
medicines, created by National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA).
• Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana is a rural development programme broadly focusing upon the development in the
villages which includes social development, cultural development and spread motivation among the people on social
mobilization of the village community. The programme was launched by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi
on the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan, on 11 October 2014.
• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) is designed to provide continuous power supply to the entire
rural India. The scheme was launched under leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi in November 2014.
• Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) scheme was launched by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi in June 2015 with the focus to establish infrastructure that could ensure adequate robust sewage
networks and water supply for urban transformation by implementing urban revival projects. Rajasthan was the first
state in the country to submit State Annual Action Plan under AMRUT.
• The Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) is a scheme launched by Government of India in 2016 to
deliver integrated project based infrastructure in the rural areas, which will also include development of economic
activities and skill development.
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• The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) has been introduced by Prime Minister, Narendra Modi on 1 June 2015.
PMAY Scheme is an initiative provided by the Government of India which aims at providing affordable housing to the
urban poor by the year 2022.
• National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) was launched on 21 January 2015 with
the aim of bringing together urban planning, economic growth and heritage conservation in an inclusive manner to
preserve the heritage character of each Heritage City.
• Government of India has launched the PRASAD (Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive)
scheme to identify and develop pilgrimage tourist destinations on the principles of high tourist visits, competitiveness
and sustainability to enrich the religious tourism experience.
• The Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Shramev Jayate Yojana was launched in October 2014 by Government of India.
Objective of this scheme is to create conducive environment for industrial development and doing business with ease
and also expanding government support to impart skill training for workers.
• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) is a Government of India youth employment
scheme. It was launched on 25 September 2014 by Union Ministers Nitin Gadkari and Venkaiah Naidu on the occasion
of 98th birth anniversary of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya.
• SAHAJ- Union Government on 30 August 2015 launched a scheme named SAHAJ for online release of new LPG
connections for the consumers. The scheme launched by Petroleum and Natural Gas Minister Dharmendra Pradhan
can be availed through the portal mylpg.in which is available in 13 languages.
• Nai Manzil Education and Skills Training for Minorities Project for India is to improve completion of secondary
education and market-driven skills training for targeted youth from minority communities.
• ''USTTAD'' Scheme- Union Government has launched the Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts
for Development (USTAAD) Scheme. The Scheme aims at upgrading Skills and Training of minority communities by
preservation of traditional ancestral Arts and Crafts.
• Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (Traditional Farming Improvement Programme) was launched in April, 2015 to
support and promote organic farming and thereby improving soil health. This scheme encourages the farmers to adopt
eco-friendly concept of cultivation and reduce their dependence on fertilizers and agricultural chemicals to improve
yields.
• Union Government launched Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching on 25 December
2014. Union Government launched Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching on 25
December 2014. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the mission at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
• The Indian Government under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi has a new scheme called the UDAN
Yojana on October 2016 where the main objective is to provide air tickets at cheaper price. UDAN which refers to
‘Udey Deshka Aam Nagrik’ focuses on making flying affordable for the people who want to travel to and for the Tier
2 and Tier 3 cities of the country.
• The Ministry of Minority Affairs has started implementation of a scheme “Nai Roshni” for Leadership Development
of Minority Women from 2012-13. The scheme aims to empower and instill confidence among minority women by
providing knowledge, tools and techniques for interacting with Government.
• The Gold Monetization Scheme is relatively new – it was introduced by the Central Government only in 2015-16.
The objective is to simultaneously safeguard the gold held in Indian households as well as put it to productive use. The
larger objective is to cut down the country’s gold imports by decreasing domestic demand.
• The Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) is a scheme launched by Government of India in 2016 to
deliver integrated project based infrastructure in the rural areas, which will also include development of economic
activities and skill development.
• Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY) has been launched in September 2015 for the welfare
of tribal and other affected persons in mining areas. Under this scheme, the mining companies will need to contribute
10 to 30% of royalty for welfare of people directly or indirectly affected by mining.
• Integrated Power Development (IPDS) scheme launched by Modi Government is basically a new avatar of
Restructured Accelerated Power Development Programme of UPA. This scheme focuses on improvement of T&D
networks across India. It promises help in reduction of AT&C losses, establishment of IT enabled energy accounting /
auditing system, improvement in billed energy based on metered consumption and improvement in collection
efficiency.

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• Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) is the financial turnaround and revival package for electricity distribution
companies of India (DISCOMs) initiated by the Government of India with the intent to find a permanent solution to
the financial mess that the power distribution. The scheme was announced by Piyush Goyal in November 2015.
• Global Initiative of Academic Networks (GIAN) in Higher Education aimed at tapping the talent pool of scientists
and entrepreneurs, internationally to encourage their engagement with the institutes of Higher Education in India.
• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) is an attempt to change the mechanism of transferring subsidies launched by
Government of India on 1 January 2013. This program aims to transfer subsidies directly to the people through their
bank accounts.
• Standup India was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 5 April 2016 to support entrepreneurship among
women and SC & ST communities. It is similar to but distinct from Startup India.
• Seema Darshan is a unique initiative being taken up by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, in which
school children are visiting the border areas of our country and present before our soldiers and troops an array of
performances showcasing the tradition and culture of our country through traditional songs and dances.
• Startup India is an initiative of the Government of India. The campaign was first announced by Indian Prime Minister,
Narendra Modi during his 15 August 2015 address from the Red Fort, in New Delhi.
• The Government of India introduced the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in 2005 (NREGA) which was
later renamed to Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. This Act is a social security scheme that
aims to provide livelihood, sustenance and employment to the rural communities and labourers in India. The NREGA
assures income security to rural families and provides a minimum of 100 days of definite wage employment in one
year.
• Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS), launched in 2013 aims at
providing strategic funding to eligible state higher educational institutions.
• The Ministry of Women and Child Development is implementing the Swadhar Greh Scheme which targets the women
victims of difficult circumstances who are in need of institutional support for rehabilitation so that they could lead
their life with dignity. The Scheme envisages providing shelter, food, clothing and health as well as economic and social
security for these women.
• Union Health Minister on 20 May 2016 launched the ‘Kayakalp Fortnight’ at All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS), New Delhi. It has to be observed from the date of launch to 3 June 2016 throughout the country in various
Central Government hospitals. The aim of the Kayakalp Fortnight is to intensify Kayakalp initiative under the Swachch
Bharat Abhiyaan.
• Varishtha Pension Bima Yojana is a senior citizen pension scheme as advocated by the Government and
incorporated by LIC. The Pension plan provides annuity payouts like an Immediate Annuity plan for senior citizens.
• Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana’ is a campaign launched by the Department of Pharmaceuticals,
Govt. Of India, to provide quality medicines at affordable prices to the masses through special kendra’s known as
Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendra.
• National Career Service (NCS) project is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment
(India)Government of India as a Mission Mode Project for establishing quick and efficient career related services. It
was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 20 July 2015 as part of government’s focus on providing right skills
and generating employment.
• Teachers Associateship for Research Excellence (TARE)- The scheme aims to facilitate mobility of faculty
members working in a regular capacity in State Universities / Colleges and in private Academic Institutions to carry
out research work in an established public funded institution such as IITs, IISc, IISERS, National Institutions (NITs,
CSIR, ICAR, ICMR labs and other central institutions) and Central Universities located nearer to the institution where
the faculty member is working.
• Augmenting Writing Skills for Articulating Research (AWSAR) scheme was launched by Science and Technology
Ministry's National Council of Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) in January 2018. It aims to encourage
popular science writing through newspapers, magazines, blogs, social media etc.
• Pradhan Mantri LPG Panchayat scheme to distribute LPG connections among rural areas where conventional fuel
is used for domestic purposes.
• Assam Government has launched Chah Bagichar Dhan Puraskar Mela 2017-18 Scheme for the Tea Garden Workers.
Subsequently, this scheme will help in financial inclusion of the tea labourers.

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• The scheme named “Muhafiz” (Guardian), around 3 lakh workers registered with Jammu and Kashmir Building and
Other Construction Workers’ Welfare Board (JKBOCWWB), will be covered under accidental, life and disability
insurance besides providing educational scholarships to their children. The scheme also envisages extending micro
credit facility to such workers and facilitating their registration through online and other modes.
• Odisha Government has launched Mukshyamantri Kalakar Sahayata Yojana to provide financial assistance to the
literature and cultural artists of state.
• The UP government gave a nod to the 'one district, one product' concept by approving the micro, small and medium
enterprises policy. The concept was included as part of the MSME policy for 2017. The proposal stated that the concept
would be developed and every effort would be made to ensure recognition for products both nationally and
internationally.
• Punjab Government has launched Mahatma Gandhi Sarbat Vikas Yojna (MGSVY) for the welfare of the
downtrodden citizen across the state. This scheme is aimed at the inclusive growth of the distressed sections of the
society.
• Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana – ‘Saubhagya’ a new scheme was launched by the Hon’ble Prime
Minister on 25th September 2017. Under Saubhagya free electricity connections to all households (both APL and poor
families) in rural areas and poor families in urban areas will be provided. There are around 4 Crore un-electrified
households in the country and they are targeted for providing electricity connections by December 2018. Rural
Electrification Corporation (REC) has been designated as its nodal agency for the Saubhagya scheme.
• Pradhan Mantri Mahila Shakti Kendra Scheme (PMMSK) was approved by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
(CCEA) in November 2017 for a period 2017-18 to 2019-20. The scheme is part of Umbrella Scheme “Mission for
Protection and Empowerment for Women” of the Union Ministry of Women and Child Development
• Pan India scholarship program for school children called Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana to increase the reach of
Philately. Under the scheme of SPARSH (Scholarship for Promotion of Aptitude & Research in Stamps as a Hobby), it
is proposed to award annual scholarships to children of Standard VI to IX having good academic record and also
pursuing Philately as a hobby through a competitive selection process in all postal circles.
• Sankalp Se Siddhi Scheme is an integrated yojana that the central government has taken for the betterment of the
nation. Under this scheme major social and economical issues will be covered. Launched during the month of August
in the year 2017, this scheme will be a part of New India Movement 2017.
• Pradhan Mantri Gram Parivahan Yojana (PMGPY) is a scheme launched by the central government. Under the
PMGPY scheme, the government will provide interest free loans to women self-help group to buy commercial
passenger vehicles. The scheme has been launched on the lines of ongoing rural scheme “Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak
Yojana”.
• Government of India has announced Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana for citizen age 60 years and above. LIC
of India has been given the sole privilege to operate this scheme. The Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana has been
launched on 4th May 2017.The scheme shall be available for one year from date of launch.
• Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana, previously Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana, is a maternity benefit
program run by the government of India. It was introduced in 2010 and is implemented by the Ministry of Women
and Child Development.
• The Stand-Up India scheme is to facilitate bank loans between 10 lakh and 1 Crore to at least one Scheduled Caste
(SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) borrower and at least one woman borrower per bank branch for setting up a greenfield
enterprise.
• The Government had implemented the National Digital Literacy Mission to impart IT training to 52.5 lakh persons,
including Anganwadi and ASHA workers and authorized ration dealers in all the States/UTs across the country so that
the non-IT literate citizens are trained to become IT literate so as to enable them to actively and effectively participate
in the democratic and developmental process and also enhance their livelihood.
• Ekalavya Model Residential School (EMRS) is a Government of India scheme to provide the best quality education
to the tribal children in their own environment by 2022. In every block with more than 50% ST population and at least
20,000 tribal persons with special facilities for preserving local art and culture besides providing training in sports
and skill development.
• Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE) To step up investments in research and related
infrastructure in premier educational institutions, including health institutions by 2022 With a total investment of
Rs.1,00,000 crore in next four years.

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• Prime Minister Krishi Sampada Yojana- The Central Sector Scheme - SAMPADA (Scheme for Agro-Marine
Processing and Development of Agro-Processing Clusters) was approved by the cabinet in May 2017 for the period of
2016-20 coterminous with the 14th Finance Commission cycle. The scheme has now been renamed as the "Pradhan
Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY)".
• Ayushman Bharat is National Health Protection Scheme, which will cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable
families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) providing coverage upto 5 lakh rupees per family per year for
secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.
• National Agriculture Market (NAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which networks the existing APMC
mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities. It was launched by Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of India. The electronic market pilot across India was launched on 14 April 2016.
• Prime Minister’s Research Fellows (PMRF) to improve the quality of teachers. Under this, 1,000 best B.Tech
students will be identified each year from premier institutions and provide them facilities to do Ph.D in IITs and IISc,
with a handsome fellowship.
• NABH NIRMAN to expand airport capacity more than five times to handle a billion trips a year.
• Under the Regional connectivity scheme of UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) Initiated by the Government last year,
56 unserved airports and 31 unserved helipads would be connected.
• The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme is a credit scheme introduced in August 1998 by Indian banks. This model
scheme was prepared by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) on the
recommendations of R.V. GUPTA committee to provide term loans and agricultural needs.
• Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana -National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)
➢ Aajeevika - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development
➢ Mission aims at creating efficient and effective institutional platforms of the rural poor, enabling them to increase
household income through sustainable livelihood enhancements and improved access to financial services.
• Ujjwala Scheme is a scheme of the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas under the scheme-
➢ Government is providing free LPG connections to the poor through UjjwalaYojana.
➢ Aims to safeguard the health of women & children by providing them with a clean cooking fuel – LPG, so that they
don’t have to compromise their health in smoky kitchens or wander in unsafe areas collecting firewood.
➢ Distribution of free LPG connections will be given to 8 crore poor women instead of the previous target of 5 crore
women.
• Bharatmala Pariyojana is a centrally-sponsored and funded road and highways project of the Government of India.
under the scheme-
➢ Improvement in efficiency of existing corridors through development of Multimodal Logistics Parks and
elimination of choke point
➢ Enhance focus on improving connectivity in North East and leveraging synergies with Inland Waterways
➢ Emphasis on use of technology & scientific planning for Project Preparation and Asset Monitoring
➢ Delegation of powers to expedite project delivery - Phase I to complete by 2022
➢ Improving connectivity in the North East.

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Chapter
03 List of National Parks of India

Andhra Pradesh
• Papikonda National Park is located in East Godavari and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh and Khammam
district of Telangana.
• Sri Venkateswara National Park is located in the Chittoor and Cuddapah districts of the state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Rajiv Gandhi National Park (Rameswaram) is located in the Kadapa districts of the Andhra Pradesh.
Telanagana
• Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park also known as Chiran Fort Palace is a national park located in Jubilee Hills
in Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
• Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park is a deer national park located in Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad,
Telangana.
• Mrugavani National Park is located in the Hyderabad district of the state of Telangana.
Arunachal Pradesh
• Namdapha National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Changlang district of the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Namdapha National Park is the 3rd largest national park in India in terms of area.
• Mouling National Park is a beautiful place, located in state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Assam
• Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Tinsukia district of the state of Assam.
• Kaziranga National Park is one of the prides of India, located in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of the state of
Assam. Kaziranga National Park was declared as a World Heritage Site (for its unique natural environment) by
UNESCO in the year 1985.
• Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is a national park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project
Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reserve in Assam, India.
• Nameri National Park is a beautiful place, located in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in the Sonitpur district of
the state of Assam.
• The Orang National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Darrang and Sonitpur districts of the state of Assam. The
park is situated on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River, Assam
• Dehing Patkai National Park is located in the Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of Assam and covers an area of 231.65
km² rainforest.
• Raimona National Park is located in extreme western part of Assam, India. It is spread across Gossaigaon and
Kokrajhar subdivisions of Kokrajhar district of Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam.
Bihar
• Valmiki National Park is a beautiful place, located in West Champaran district of the state of Bihar.
Chhattisgarh
• Indravati National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Bijapur district of the state of Chhattisgarh. It is also known
as Kutru National Park.
• Kanger Valley National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Bastar district (Near Jagdalpur) of the state of
Chhattisgarh.
• Guru Ghasidas (Sanjay) National park is a beautiful place, located in the Koriya district of the state of Chhattisgarh.
Goa
• Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) National park is located near the town of Mollem, and about 60 km south east from
Panaji district of the state of Goa.

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Gujarat
• Blackbuck (Velavadar) National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Bhavnagar district of the state of Gujarat.
Its Established in 1976.
• Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as Sasan Gir, is a forest and wildlife sanctuary near
Talala Gir in Gujarat, India.
• Marine National Park (Gulf of Kutch) is situated on the southern coast of the Gulf of Kachchh in the Jamnagar district
of the state of Gujarat. Marine National Park is the first National Marine Park of India.
• Vansda National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Navsari district of the state of Gujarat.
Haryana
• Kalesar National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Yamuna nagar district of the state of Haryana.
• Sultanpur National Park is a beautiful, located in the Gurgaon district of the state of Haryana. It is also known as
Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary.
Himachal Pradesh
• Pin Valley National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Lahaul and Spiti district of the state of Himachal Pradesh.
• The Great Himalayan National Park is a beautiful place, located in Banjaar Sub-Division of Kullu District of the state
of Himachal Pradesh.
• Inderkilla National Park is a national park in Himachal Pradesh, India and established in 2010.
• Khirganga National Park is a national park in Himachal Pradesh, India and established in 2010.
• Simbalbara National Park is a national park in India, located in the Paonta Valley of Sirmour District, Himachal
Pradesh, along its border with Haryana.
Jammu And Kashmir

• Dachigam National Park is a beautiful place, located about 22 Kilometers from Srinagar District of the state of Jammu
and Kashmir.
• Kishtwar National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Kishtwar district of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Salim Ali National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Srinagar district of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Jharkhand
• Betla National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Chota Nagpur Plateau of the Latehar District of the state of
Jharkhand.
Karnataka
• Bandipur National Park is regarded as one of the most beautiful place, located in the Mysore & Chamarajanagar
districts of the state of Karnataka.
• Bannerghatta National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Bangalore district of the state of Karnataka.
• Kudremukh National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Chikmagalur districts of
the state of Karnataka.
• Nagarahole National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Kodagu and Mysore districts of the state of Karnataka.
Nagarahole National Park also known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park.
• Anshi National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Uttara Kannada district of the state of Karnataka.
Kerala
• Eravikulam National Park is a beautiful place, located along the Western Ghats in the Idukki district of the state of
Kerala. Eravikulam National Park is also known as Rajamalai National Park.
• Mathikettan Shola National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Idukki district of the state of Kerala. The park is
located between other reserve forests like Eravikulam National Park and Pampadam Shola National Park.
• Periyar National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Idukki & Quilon districts of the state of Kerala.
• Silent Valley National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Palakkad district of the state of Kerala. The park is
located in the Nilgiri hills. Silent Valley region is locally known as Sairandhrivanam.

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• Anamudi Shola National Park is a beautiful place, located along the Western Ghats in the Idukki district of the state
of Kerala.
• Pambadum Shola National Park is a beautiful place, located along the Western Ghats in the Idukki district of the
state of Kerala. It is the smallest National park in the Kerala.
Ladakh
• Hemis National Park is located in the eastern Ladakh region of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The National Park
is situated at the bank of river Indus and includes the catchments areas of Markha, Sumdah, and Rumbak streams.
Madhya Pradesh
• Bandhavgarh National Park is in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. This biodiverse park is known for its
large population of royal Bengal tigers, especially in the central Tala zone.
• Kanha Tiger Reserve, also called Kanha National Park, is one of the tiger reserves of India and the largest national
park of Madhya Pradesh, state in the heart of India.
• Madhav National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Shivpuri district of the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Mandla Plant Fossils National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Mandla district of the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Panna National Park located in Panna and Chattarpur district of Madhya Pradesh is formally being renowned as the
22nd tiger reserve of India and fifth in Madhya Pradesh.
• Pench National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Seoni and Chhindwara districts of the state of Madhya
Pradesh. The park is located to the south of Satpura hills.
• The Sanjay National Park is located in Chhattisgarh and in the Koriya, Sidhi and Singrauli districts of Madhya Pradesh
state, India. It is a part of the Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve system.
• Satpura National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Hoshangabad district of the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Van Vihar National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Bhopal district of the state of Madhya Pradesh.
Maharashtra
• Chandoli National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, and Ratnagiri districts of the state
of Maharashtra.
• Gugamal National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Amravati district of the state of Maharashtra. The park is
a part of the Melghat Tiger Reserve.
• Navegaon National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Bhandara (Gondia) district of the state of Maharashtra.
• Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli) National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Thane & Mumbai districts of the state of
Maharashtra.
• Tadoba National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Chandrapur district of the state of Maharashtra.
• Pench National Park or Tiger Reserve is one of the premier tiger reserves of India and the only one to straddle across
two states - Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
Manipur
• Keibul Lamjao National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Bishnupur district of the state of Manipur.
Meghalaya
• Balpakram National Park is a national park ranging from under 200 to over 800 meters above sea level, near the
Garo Hills in Meghalaya, India.
• Nokrek National Park is a beautiful place, located in the East Garo Hills district of the state of Meghalaya. Nokrek
National Park is also a Biosphere Reserve and known as Nokrek Biosphere Reserve.
Mizoram
• Murlen National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Champhai district of the state of Mizoram.
• Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Lawngtlai district of the state of
Mizoram. Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park is also known as Phawngpui National Park.
Nagaland
• Intanki National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Peren district of the state of Nagaland.

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Odisha
• Bhitarkanika National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Kendrapara district of the state of Odisha.
• Simlipal National Park is a national park and a tiger reserve in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Odisha.
Rajasthan
• Sariska Tiger Reserve is a national park and tiger reserve located in the Alwar district of the state of Rajasthan, India.
• Ranthambore National Park is one of the biggest and most renowned national park in Northern India. The park is
located in the Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern Rajasthan.
• Mukundra Hills National Park is also known as Darrah wildlife Sanctuary. Darrah wildlife Sanctuary is located in
Rajasthan.
• Desert National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Jaisalmer district of the state of Rajasthan. Desert National
Park is one of the largest national parks in India.
• Keoladeo Ghana National Park is also known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary or Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary.
Keoladeo Ghana National Park is located in the Bharatpur district of the state of Rajasthan.
Sikkim
• Khangchendzonga National Park is a beautiful place, located in the North Sikkim district of the state of Sikkim.
Tamil Nadu
• Mukurthi National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Nilgiris district of the state of Tamil Nadu. The park was
previously known as Nilgiri Tahr National Park.
• Mudumalai National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Nilgiris district of the state of Tamil Nadu. It shares its
boundaries with the states of Karnataka and Kerala.
• Indira Gandhi (Anamalai) National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Coimbatore district of the state of Tamil
Nadu.
• Guindy National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Chennai district of the state of Tamil Nadu. Guindy National
Park is the 9th smallest national park in India.
• Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Ramanathpuram & Tuticorin districts of the
state of Tamil Nadu.
Tripura
• Rajbari National Park is a national park in the Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, India.
• Clouded Leopard National Park is a beautiful place, located in the West Tripura district of the state of Tripura.
Clouded Leopard National Park is a part of Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary.
Uttar Pradesh
• Dudhwa National park is a beautiful place, located in the Lakhimpur-Kheri district of the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Uttarakhand
• Gangotri National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Uttarkashi district of the state of Uttarakhand.
• Govind Pashu Vihar National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Uttarkashi district of the state of Uttarakhand.
• Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national park in India and was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park to
protect the endangered Bengal tiger. It is located in Nainital district of Uttarakhand.
• The Nanda Devi National Park or Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, established in 1988, is a national park situated
around the peak of Nanda Devi in the state of Uttarakhand in northern India.
• Rajaji National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Dehradun, Pauri Garhwal and Haridwar districts of the state
of Uttarakhand. Rajaji National Park is also known as Rajaji Tiger Reserve.
• Valley of Flowers National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Chamoli district of the state of Uttarakhand.
West Bengal
• Gorumara National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Jalpaiguri district of the state of West Bengal.
• Buxa National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Jalpaiguri district of the state of West Bengal.
• Neora Valley National Park is situated in the Kalimpong district, West Bengal, India and was established in 1986.
• Singalila National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Darjeeling district of the state of West Bengal.

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• Jaldapara National Park is a national park situated at the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in Alipurduar District of
northern West Bengal and on the banks of the Torsa River.
• Sundarbans National Park is a beautiful place, located in the North & South 24-Paraganas district of the state of West
Bengal. Sundarbans National Park was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the year of 1987.
Andaman And Nicobar

• Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park is a national park of India near Wandoor on the Andaman Islands. It belongs
to the South Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• Middle Button Island National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Andaman district of Andaman and Nicobar
Islands (Union territory) of India.
• Mount Harriet National Park is a national park located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory of India.
The park was established in 1969.
• North Button Island National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Andaman district of Andaman and Nicobar
Islands (Union territory) of India.
• Rani Jhansi Marine National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Andaman district of Andaman and Nicobar
Islands (Union territory) of India. It was established in the year of 1996.
• Saddle Peak National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Andaman district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(Union territory) of India.
• South Button Island National Park is a national park located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands off the coast of
India.
• Campbell Bay National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(Union territory) of India.
• Galathea National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Union
territory) of India.

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Chapter
04 Wildlife Sanctuaries in India

Andaman And Nicobar
• The Aerial Bay Islands are a group of islands in Aerial Bay in the Andaman Islands. This group belongs to the North
and Middle Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• Barren Island Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Andaman Sea, towards the east of the Andaman Islands. The
wildlife sanctuary was established in the year 1977 to preserve the wildlife and the eco-system of the region.
• Bluff island and the surrounding waters are a wildlife sanctuary of India, initiated in 1987 as a nature preserve with
an area of 0.21 km2 and located in Andaman island.
• Cinque Island Wildlife Sanctuary, situated in Andaman archipelago, is a place endowed with spectacular natural
beauty.
• Cuthbert Bay Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at the coast of the Middle Andaman Islands of the Indian union territory
Andaman and Nicobar Islands comprising about 8 kilometers of the sandy beach.
• The Lohabarrack Salt Water Crocodile Sanctuary is named after the village adjacent to the sanctuary and was
established in 1983 with a view to conserve the salt water crocodile and other biodiversity found in this area. The
Sanctuary is located in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• The Landfall Island Wildlife Sanctuary was established by ‘Andaman and Nicobar Administration’ in the year 1987.
The Landfall Island in which the wildlife sanctuary is located is the northernmost island of Andaman archipelago.
Andhra Pradesh
• Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and estuary situated in Andhra Pradesh, India.
• The Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary is a forest located near Visakhapatnam. It is under the control of Andhra
Pradesh Forest Department since March 10, 1970.
• Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and an elephant reserve situated in Andhra Pradesh, India.
• Kolleru Bird Sanctuary is a sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh, India.
• Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and estuary located in Andhra Pradesh, India. It was established
in November 1999, under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.
• Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India. The reserve spreads over five districts,
Kurnool, Prakasam, Guntur, Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar district and located in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, India.
• Nellapattu Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
• Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary is one of the most famous Bird Sanctuaries in India. This Sanctuary is a haven for bird
lovers and Ornithologists. Stretching across 481 km² located in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. Pulicat Lake is the
second largest brackish-water eco-system in India after Chilka lake in Orissa.
• Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India.
• Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary headquartered in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
• Sri Penusila Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary is a famous 1030.85 km² Protected area in Nellore District of Andhra
Pradesh state in South India.
• Sri Venkateshwara National Park is a national park and biosphere reserve in Andhra Pradesh, India.
• Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife is located about 30 km from Nandyal, spread across over 1,194 sq. km. It is one of
the last surviving tracts of pristine forests of Nallamala Hills, with varied habitat and Gundlakamma river flowing
through it.
Telangana
• Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana state of India.
• Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in Eturnagaram village in Jayashankar district in
Telangana, India.
• Kawal Tiger Reserve is located at Jannaram mandal of Mancherial District (Old Adilabad district) in Telangana state
of India.

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• Manjeera wildlife sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and reservoir located in Sangareddy district of Telangana State,
India.
• Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary is a forest and wildlife sanctuary located 15 km from Medak and 115 km from
Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
• Pranahita wildlife sanctuary is a protected area located in Mancherial district (Old Adilabad District) of Telangana
State, India.
• Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Warangal district of Telangana,its spread over an area of 860 square
kilometers.
Bihar
• Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Bihar in the south west of Munger district.
• Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in Gaya district of Bihar state and Koderma district
of Jharkhand state in east-central India.
• The Kanwar Taal or Kabar Taal Lake located in Begusarai district of Bihar, India, is Asia's largest freshwater oxbow
lake.
• Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Kaimur District of Bihar, near the town of Bhabhua. It is the largest sanctuary
in the state and occupies an area of about 1342 km2.
• Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary is the smallest bird sanctuary in Bihar. It is spread over an area of about 2 sq km near
Jhajha.
• Udaypur Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in West Champaran district of Bihar state, India. It was
established in 1978.
• Valmiki National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the West Champaran district of Bihar state, India.
• Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is located in Bhagalpur District of Bihar, India.
Chandigarh
• Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Shivalik foothills of Chandigarh city, near Sukhna Lake. It was declared a
wildlife sanctuary in 1998.
Chattishgarh
• The Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary is an Indian sanctuary in Mungeli district, Chhattisgarh State. It had been
established in 1975, under the provisions of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, and declared a Tiger Reserve
under Project Tiger, in 2009.
• Badalkhol sanctuary is situated in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh.
• Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary is a nature lover’s paradise. It is located in the northern part of the Mahasamund
district in the state Chhattisgarh.
• Bhairamgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located near the Bairamgarh block division in Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh.
• Bhoramdeo Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the Wildlife Sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh and it is located near Kawardha
city, Headquarters of Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh.
• Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the Wildlife Sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh and it is located near Sarangarh town
in Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh.
• The Pamed Wildlife Sanctuary is an important wildlife reserve in Chhattisgarh.
• Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Dhamtari District, Chhattisgarh, India.
• Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Surajpur District, Chhattisgarh, India.
• Udanti Sanctuary was established in 1983 after the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 was passed. The sanctuary is a
major tourist attraction of Raipur in Chhattisgarh.
• Semarsot Wildlife Sanctuary is Located in Ambikapur District, it sprawls over an area of 430.36 sq km
Goa
• Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary is located in northeastern Goa, India in Ponda taluka.
• The Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Canacona Taluka, South Goa district, of Goa, India, established in 1968.
• The Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in the Indian state of Goa in the Western Ghats of South India.
• Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is a 240 square kilometres protected area located in the
Western Ghats of South India, in Sanguem taluk, Goa along the eastern border with Karnataka.
• Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary is located in South Eastern Goa, India.

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Haryana
• Abubshahar Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Sirsa district of Haryana state, India.
• Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary and the nearby Bhindawas Bird Sanctuary are located in Jhajjar district, Haryana.
• Bir Shikargah Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Panchkula district of Haryana state, India.
• The Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary also known as Seonthi Reserve Forest, is located near Kurukshetra University
in Kurukshetra district in the Indian state of Haryana.
• Kalesar National Park and adjacent Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary are protected areas in Yamunanagar district of
Haryana state in India.
• Khaparwas Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary in Jhaijar district, Haryana.
• Khol Hi-Raitan Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Panchkula district of Haryana State, India.
• Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Rewari district of Haryana State, India.
Gujarat
• Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary is located at Banaskantha, Gujarat, India.
• Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Gujarat, India.
• Gaga Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in Bhatia taluka, Jamnagar district, Gujarat, India. Established in
November 1988.
• Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is a forest and wildlife sanctuary near Talala Gir in Gujarat, India.
Established in 1965.
• Jambughoda is a Wildlife Sanctuary situated in Jambughoda Tehsil, in the South-Central part of Gujarat.
• Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary is situated in the Banaskantha district formerly under Palanpur State in the Indian
state of Gujarat at the Gujarat-Rajasthan border.
• Kutch Bustard Sanctuary or Kachchh Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary, also known as Lala–Parjan Sanctuary, is
located near Jakhau village in Nalia Taluka, Kutch District, Gujarat, India.
• Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Great Rann of Kutch, Kutch district, Gujarat, India, it was declared
a sanctuary in February 1986.
• Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary located in Jamnagar district of Gujarat, India.
• Marine National Park in the Gulf of Kutch is situated on the southern shore of the Gulf of Kachchh in the Devbhumi
Dwarka district of Gujarat state, India.
• Mitiyala Wildlife Sanctuary also known as Mitiyala Grasslands is situated near Mitiyala in Gujarat.
• Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary is situated in Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat.
• Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary also popularly known as Narayan Sarovar Wildlife Sanctuary or Narayan Sarovar
Chinkara Sanctuary is a unique eco-system near Narayan Sarovar in the Lakhpat taluka of Kutch district in the state
of Gujarat, India.
• Pania Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Amreli District in Gujarat is a beautiful haven laced with lush green
vegetation which provides refuge to various species of rare and endangered wild animals.
• Porbandar Bird Sanctuary is situated in the Porbandar District of Gujarat state, India.
• Purna Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in the Western Ghats mountain range, in the States of Gujarat and
Maharashtra, India.
• The Rampara Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajkot, Gujarat was set up in the year 1988 by the Government, post its
acquisition in the year 1975 by them.
• Ratanmahal Sloth Bear sanctuary is situated in Gujarat.
• Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in India's Gujarat state, located in the western Satpura
Range south of the Narmada River. It shares a common boundary with Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• Thol bird sanctuary which is also known as Thol Lake or Thol wildlife sanctuary located at just 25KM from Thaltej
circle of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat.
• Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary also known as the Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Little Rann of Kutch in the
Gujarat state of India. The wildlife sanctuary was established in 1972 and came under the Wildlife Protection Act of
1972.

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Himachal Pradesh
• Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh.
• Chail Wildlife Sanctuary is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh.
• Churdhar Sanctuary is located in Sirmour district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
• The Daranghati Sanctuary is located in Shimla District Rampur Bushahr, Himachal Pradesh, India.
• Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the most scenic sanctuaries of Himachal Pradesh, located in the district of
Kangra.
• Gamgul Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the lap of Bhandal Valley in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.
• Kais wild life sanctuary is located in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh state of India. This sanctuary is spread over
an area of 1419 sqkm and declared as wildlife sanctuary in 1954.
• Kalatop Khajjiar Sanctuary is a 30.69 km² animal sanctuary at Kalatop and Khajjiar in the Chamba district of
Himachal Pradesh, India.
• Kanawar Wildlife sanctuary is one of the most popular wildlife sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh.
• Khokhan wildlife sanctuary is located in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh.
• Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1992, is one of the special tourist attraction spots in Himachal Pradesh.
• Kugti Sanctuary is the second largest sanctuary in the state of Himachal Pradesh.
• Lipa Asrang Wildlife Sanctuary located in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh.
• Majathal Sanctuary is an interesting sanctuary Majhathal Sanctuary is a gorgeous sanctuary based in Shimla and
Solan Districts of Himachal Pradesh.
• The Manali Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh in northern India.
• Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary lies across the Uhl River in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh.
• The Renuka Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Sirmour District in Himachal Pradesh.
• Rupi Bhaba Sanctuary is located close to Rampur Bushahr in Kinnaur District of the northern Indian state of
Himachal Pradesh.
• Sainj Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Himachal Pradesh, India.
• The Sangla Valley (Rakchham-Chitkul) Wildlife Sanctuary is Situated In Kinnaur District Of. Himachal Pradesh.
• Sechu Tuan Nala Wildlife Sanctuary is a renowned wildlife reserve which is situated in Chamba District of Himachal
Pradesh.
• Shikari Devi Sanctuary, located near the Shikari Devi Temple in the Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh, was declared
a wildlife sanctuary in 1962.
• Water Catchment Sanctuary is located near the Shimla town in Himachal Pradesh.
• Talra Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh which was officially declared a sanctuary during 1962 and re-notified
as a sanctuary in 1974 as per the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
• Tirthan wildlife sanctuary is one of the most magnificent sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh.
• The Tundah Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh.
Jammu & Kashmir

• Thajwas (Thajiwas) (Baltal) Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in the state of Jammu & Kashmir and was
gazzetted in the year 1987.
• The Changtang Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as the Changtang Cold Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, is a very well-
known place in the district Leh, Jammu & Kashmir.
• Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary or Heerpora Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Shopian district of Kashmir, 70 kilometers
south of Srinagar.
• The Jasrota Wildlife Sanctuary in Jammu and Kashmir is flanked by the River Ujh and its greatest attraction is the
Cheetal or Axis deer.
• The Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary is a high-altitude wildlife sanctuary located in the easternmost reaches of the
Karakoram range in Leh District, Jammu and Kashmir.
• Lachipora Wildlife Sanctuary, Jammu and Kashmir has been named after 'Lachipora' village which is present in the
catchment area of the protected area, at a distance of nearly 90 kms away from the western portion of Srinagar,
spreading over the northern banks of Jhelum River.
• Kazinag National Park or Qazinag National Park is a commissioned future national park in the Baramulla district in
the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

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• The Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary is located at a reachable distance of about 28 kms from the Jammu city and is an
important wildlife sanctuary in the state. Established in the year 1990, the Wildlife Sanctuary is home to many
endangered species of birds and animals.
• The Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary, near to Pahalgam district in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Rajparian Wildlife Sanctuary or Daksum Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Anantnag district of Kashmir, 85 kilometers
south of Srinagar.
• Ramnagar Wildlife Sanctuary, located about 6 kilometres away from Jammu city of the Indian state Jammu and
Kashmir
• Trikuta Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Jharkhand
• Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary is located 10 km from the city of Jamshedpur in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It was
inaugurated by Sanjay Gandhi in 1975.
• Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in Gaya district of Bihar state and Koderma district
of Jharkhand state in east-central India.
• Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Jharkhand, India, about 55 miles (89 km) north of Ranchi. It
was established in 1955.
• Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary is in Jharkhand, India.
• The Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Jharkhand and was once a part of state of Bihar, in central-
north India.
• Mahuadanr (Wolf) Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Distt. Latehar, Jharkhand.
• Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at Palkot in Gumla District, Jharkhand. Established in 1990.
• Parasnath wildlife sanctuary is surrounded with lush greenery as the famous Parasnath Hills are just closer to this
sanctuary. Parasnath hills are one of the best picturesque places in Jharkhand.
• Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary is one of the most attractive tourist attraction spots in Jharkhand.
Karnataka
• The Adichunchanagiri Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Nagamangala Taluk of Mandya district of Karnataka.
• The Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Mysore district, Karnataka.
• Attiveri Bird Sanctuary is a village in the Mundgod taluk of Uttara Kannada district in the Indian state of Karnataka.
• Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area and a Project Tiger, located 38 km northwest of Chikkamagaluru town
in Karnataka state.
• Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in the Western Ghats, in Khanapur Taluk of Belgaum District near
Jamboti Village, Karnataka state.
• Biligiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary or BRT Wildlife Sanctuary is a hill range situated in south-eastern
Karnataka, at its border with Tamil Nadu in South India.
• The Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary is located in the Kodagu (Coorg) district, Karnataka state and is part of the
Western Ghats.
• The Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the Mandya, Chamarajanagar and Ramanagar districts
of Karnataka, India.
• Chincholi forest in Gulbarga, Karnataka, has now become Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary. The state government has
notified an area of 14,958 hectares of forest land in Chincholi taluk as a wildlife sanctuary, and thus Chincholi becomes
the state's 21st wildlife sanctuary.
• Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka.
• Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary is located in Ballari district in Karnataka.
• Ghataprabha Bird Sanctuary is located in Gokak taluk of Belgaum district in Karnataka.
• Gudavi Bird Sanctuary is located in the Soraba taluk of Sagara Subdivision in the Indian state of Karnataka.
• Malai Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary or Male Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected Wildlife
sanctuary in the Eastern Ghats and is located in the state of Karnataka in India.
• Melkote Temple Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Mandya District, Karnataka.
• The Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Udupi district of Karnataka, Kollur and was established in
1974 covering an area of 247 sq km.

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• Nugu Wildlife Sanctuary is situated north of Bandipur National Park in Mysore district, Karnataka.
• Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the most important bird sanctuaries of the world. It is located in the State of
Karnataka.
• Ranebennur Blackbuck Sanctuary lies in the Haveri district in the State of Karnataka. It is a well-known sanctuary
for Blackbuck spotting.
• Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, also known as Pakshi Kashi of Karnataka, is a bird sanctuary in the Mandya District
of the state of Karnataka in India.
• Sharavathi Wildlife Sanctuary is in Sagar of Shimoga District in Karnataka. It is 350 Kms from Bangalore. Located
near Jog Falls, the sanctuary covers the Sharavathi Valley Region, near the western border of Karnataka.
• Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the famous wildlife sanctuaries of Karnataka.
• Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected wildlife sanctuary in the Western Ghats of Karnataka state in India.
It is named after the presiding deity "Lord Someshwara" of the famed Someshwara temple located within the
sanctuary.
• Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Karnataka state of South India.
Kerala
• Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary is the northernmost wildlife sanctuary of Kerala, southwest India.
• Chimmini Wildlife sanctuary is a national park located along the Western Ghats in Mukundapuram taluk of Thrissur
District of Kerala state in India.
• Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary is a part of Idukki District of Western Ghats of Kerala. It is one of the richest forest
reserves in Kerala in terms of vegetation.
• The Chulanur Peafowl (Peacocks) Sanctuary is located in the districts of Thrissur and Palakkad, Kerala.
• Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary which came into existence in 1976, is located in the Thodupuzha and Udumbanchola
taluks in Idukki district, Kerala.
• Kottiyoor is a village and the 23rd Wild Life Sanctuary of Kerala, situated in eastern hilly area of Kannur.
• Kurinjimala Sanctuary protects the approximately 32 sq.km core habitat of the endangered Neelakurinji plant in
Kottakamboor and Vattavada villages in Devakulam Taluk, Idukki district of Kerala State.
• Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located along the Western Ghats and spread across 74 square
kilometres in Chakkittapara and Koorachundu revenue villages of Koyilandy Taluk in Kozhikode, Kerala.
• Mangalavanam is an ecologically sensitive area situated at the centre of the Indian city of Kochi, Kerala.
• Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, situated near the Neyyar Dam in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala.
• Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, which also includes the erstwhile Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, is a 391 square
kilometres protected area in Chittur taluk in Palakkad district of Kerala state, South India. The wildlife sanctuary was
• Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary headquartered in Peechi, Thrissur District of Kerala, India.
• The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary near Thiruvananthapuram in southern Kerala, India.
• Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area near Thekkady in the districts of Idukki, Kottayam
and Pathanamthitta in Kerala, India.
• Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in the Western Ghats, India. It is located in Kollam district of
Kerala and comes under the control of Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve. It was established in 25th August 1984.
• The Thattekkad Bird Sanctuary, covering an area of barely 25 km2, and located about 12 km from Kothamangalam,
was the first bird sanctuary in Kerala.
• Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is an animal sanctuary in Wayanad, Kerala, India.
Lakshadweep
• Pitti Bird Sanctuary is a small reef that is approximately 24 north-west of Kavaratti, is one of the major tourist
attractions of Lakshadweep.
Madhya Pradesh
• Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Sidhi district of the central Indian state Madhya Pradesh. Bagdara
Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1978.
• The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Hoshangabad District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary includes India's oldest forest preserve, the Bori Reserve Forest, established in 1865 along the
Tewa River.

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• Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary situated on the northern boundary of Mandsaur and Nimach districts
in Madhya Pradesh, India.
• Ghatigaon Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Gwalior district in Madhya Pradesh.
• Karera Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife Sanctuary in the Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, India.
• Ken Gharial Sanctuary lies at the confluence of the Ken and the Khudar rivers in the Chattarpur district of Madhya
Pradesh.
• Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary is a very popular tourist attraction in Madhya Pradesh that was established in 1955.
• Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is among one of the 35 sanctuaries of Madhya Pradesh. It was established in the
year 1978 under Forest Division Rajgarh Social Forestry.
• National Chambal Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary, is a 5,400 km2 tri-state protected area in northern India for the
protection of the Critically Endangered gharial, the red-crowned roof turtle and the Endangered Ganges river dolphin.
Located on the Chambal River near the tripoint of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, it was first declared
in Madhya Pradesh in 1978.
• Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, covering about 1,197 km2 is the largest wildlife sanctuary of Madhya Pradesh state
in India.
• Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary lies within the area through which Betwa River flows. Its one of the most scenic places in
Madhya Pradesh.
• The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve is a non-use conservation area and biosphere reserve in the Satpura Range of
Madhya Pradesh state in central India.
• Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, also called Palpur-Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary and Kuno-Palpur, lies in the Sheopur district of
north western Madhya Pradesh, a state in central India.
• Gangau is a mini wildlife sanctuary situated on the banks of Ken River, in Chhatarpur District, Madhya Pradesh.
• Panpatha Wildlife Sanctuary at Bandhavgarh is the most preferred wildlife sanctuary in the State of Madhya
Pradesh.
• Pench National Park, situated in Seoni and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh in India is one of the most
popular national parks visiting in India.
• Phen Wildlife Sanctuary of Madhya Pradesh is spread with an area of 111 square kilometres, established in the year
1983.
• The Ratapani Tiger Reserve, located in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh, in Vindhya Range in central India, is
one of the finest teak forests in the state and is less than 50 km. away from the capital Bhopal.
• Sailana Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Sailana and Piploda blocks of Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh (M.P).
• Sanjay Dubri National Park is another wildlife paradise located in Kusumi and Majhauli blocks of the Sidhi district
of central Indian state Madhya Pradesh.
• Sardarpur Wildlife Sanctuary in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh was notified in the year 1983.
• Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, a most popular tourist destination of Madhya Pradesh.
• The Son Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary in Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh, which was declared a wildlife sanctuary in
1981 by the State government.
• Veerangana Durgawati Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Maharashtra
• Tadoba Andhari Reserve is the largest national park in Maharashtra.
• Anerdam Wildlife Sanctuary is a popular wildlife preserver in the western Indian state of Maharashtra.
• Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Chandrapur district in the Vidharba region of Maharashtra.
• Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary is located on the crestline of the northern Western Ghats in Pune and Thane
districts in Maharashtra State.
• Bor Tiger Reserve is a wildlife sanctuary which was declared as a tiger reserve in July 2014. It is located near Hingani
in Wardha District in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
• Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the heart of Maharashtra in Gadchiroli district.
• Dnyanganga Sanctuary is situated 8 km from Buldhana and 20 km from Khamgaon town of Maharashtra.
• Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary is a protected area of Maharashtra state, India. The wildlife sanctuary was
established in 1986 in an existing reserved forest area.
• Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary for the great Indian bustard at Solapur, Maharashtra, India.

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• Jayakwadi Bird Sanctuary in the Aurangabad and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra is one of the most fascinating
bird sanctuaries.
• Karnala is a protected wildlife park on the Konkan coast of Maharashtra, around 50 km from Bombay.
• Katepurna Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in Akola district of Maharashtra.
• Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and natural World Heritage Site, which is located in Satara district
of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
• Malvan Marine Wildlife Sanctuary is among few marine sanctuaries in the India. It is situated in the Sindhudurg
district of Maharashtra.
• Mansingh-Deo has been notified as a Wildlife Sanctuary by the Maharashtra Government. The notification was first
proposed in 1980 and it has taken more than two decades of lobbying.
• Mayureswar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Tehsil Baramati in Pune district in Maharashtra, India.
• Melghat was declared a tiger reserve and was among the first nine tiger reserves notified in 1973-74 under the
Project Tiger. It is located in northern part of Amravati District of Maharashtra State in India.
• Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Bhandara district in the northeastern corner of Maharashtra.
• Mayureswar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Tehsil Baramati in Pune district in Maharashtra, India.
• Nandur Madhmeshwar Bird Sanctuary is located at Niphad Tehsil of Nashik District, known as the Bharatpur of
Maharashtra.
• Karnala is a protected wildlife park on the Konkan coast of Maharashtra, around 50 km from Bombay.
• Navegaon National Park is a national park located in the Gondia district of Maharashtra, India.
• Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Umarkhed Tehsil of Yavatmal district of the Indian state Maharashtra.
• Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife refuge in the Murud and Roha talukas of Raigad district, Maharashtra state,
India.
• Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and natural World Heritage Site of category ix and x since
2012, located in Kolhapur, Maharashtra state India.
• Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located at the meeting
of three Tehsils of Sangli district: Kadegaon, Walva and Palus.
• Tansa wildlife sanctuary is located in the Wada, Shahapur and Mokhada Talukas in Thane district of Maharashtra.
• Tipeshwar wildlife sanctuary in Yavatmal district is a secluded national park in Maharashtra.
• The Yawal Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Yawal Tehsil of Jalgaon district of Maharashtra, India.
• Yedshi Ramlin Ghat Wildlife Sanctuary located in Osmanabad district of the Indian state Maharashtra, is the home
to a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna.
Odisha
• Badrama Wildlife Sanctuary also known as Ushakothi Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Sambalpur district of Odisha.
Established in 1962.
• Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary was created on 6 May 1981 and is located in Nayagrh, Odisha, India.
• The Balukhand-Konark Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in the Indian state of Odisha.
• The Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Kendrapara district of Odisha.
• Chandka Elephant Sanctuary is a wildlife reserve located in the north western fringe of Bhubaneswar in the Indian
state of Odisha.
• Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Bargarh district, Odisha, India.
• Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary is a marine wildlife sanctuary located in Odisha and is a very popular tourist
attraction of Odisha in India.
• Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary situated in Keonjhar district of Odisha, India, covering an area of 191 sq. km was
• Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in Kalahandi district and a very popular tourist attraction
of Odisha in India.
• Khalasuni Wildlife Sanctuary vividly illustrates the diverse natural heritage of the east Indian state of Odisha.
• Kotagarh Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Baliguda subdivision of Kandhamal district in the East Indian state
Odisha
• Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Balasore district of Odisha, India.
• Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary is a proposed tiger reserve located in the Nuapada district of Odisha, adjoining
Chhattisgarh.
• The Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Ganjam District, Odisha, India.

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• Nandankanan Zoological Park is a 400-hectare zoo and botanical garden in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Established
in 1960, it was opened to the public in 1979 and became the first zoo in India to join World Association of Zoos and
Aquariums (WAZA) in 2009.
• Satkosia Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve located in the Angul district of Odisha.
• Simlipal National Park is located in the Mayurbhanj district of Orissa. The Government of Odisha declared Simlipal
as a wildlife sanctuary in 1979 with an area of 2,200 square kilometres.
• Kapilasa Wildlife Sanctuary or Kapilash Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Dhenkanal district of Odisha state in India.
Punjab
• The Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Fazilka District of Punjab.
• The Bir Aishwan Wildlife Sanctuary is the first protected area to be declared as a wildlife sanctuary in Punjab.
• Bir Bhadson Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the biggest secured Wild Life Sanctuaries in Punjab.
• Bir Bhunerheri Wildlife Sanctuary was one of the important hunting reserves of the erstwhile rulers of Patiala state,
Punjab.
• Bir Dosanjh wildlife sanctuary is situated in Patiala district, Punjab.
• Bir Gurdialpura Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Patiala district of the Indian state Punjab.
• Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary is named after the village Mehas whcih is located in Punjab.
• Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary, situated in the southern part of Patiala in the Indian state Punjab, is the home to
a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna.
• Jhajjar-Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary is located at a distance of 15 Km from Anandpur Sahib City, in Rupnagar district,
Punjab.
• The Kathlaur Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary was established as a sanctuary in 2007. It is one of the largest sanctuaries
in Punjab and is home to various species of deer and ungulates.
Puducherry
• The Ousteri Lake of Puducherry has been declared as a wildlife sanctuary by the government in 2008.
Rajasthan
• Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary near Bassi in Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan.
• Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary is located in Chittorgarh District of Rajasthan in India.
• Darrah National Park in Rajasthan, India is a national park established in 2004 consisting of three wildlife
sanctuaries: Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary, Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary, and Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary. It is
located within the Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous forests' ecoregion.
• Jamwa Ramgarh also popularly known as the Ramgarh, is a subdivision of the Jaipur district in Rajasthan, India.
• Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary is located near the Jawahar Sagar Dam in Kota District of Rajasthan.
• Kesarbagh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Dholpur District of Rajasthan.
• Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is in the Rajsamand District of Rajasthan State in western India.
• Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary is located in one of the oldest mountain ranges of India, the Aravalli range. It was
declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1980.
• Phulwari ki Nal Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Udaipur District of Rajasthan, in the southern Aravalli Hills
bordering the state of Gujarat. It was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary on October 6, 1983, by the Government of
Rajasthan. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1980.
• Ramgarh Vishdhari Sanctuary, a famous one among the Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in Rajasthan.
• Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is in the Rajsamand District of Rajasthan State in western India.
• Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Alwar district of Rajasthan. Sariska wildlife sanctuary/ National Park was
once the hunting preserve of the Maharaja of Alwar and was declared a sanctuary in 1955 and later became a Project
tiger reserve.
• Ranthambore National Park is one of the largest national parks situated in Rajasthan, India.
• Sawai Mansingh Wildlife sanctuary is located at a distance of around 10 km from the main land of Modhpur City,
Rajasthan.
• Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Baran District of Rajasthan and is near the ancient town of Shergarh.
• The Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary situated in the Pratapgarh district in Rajasthan, India.
• Tal Chhapar Sanctuary is a sanctuary located in the Churu district of Northwestern Rajasthan in the Shekhawati
region of India.
• Van Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Indian state of Rajasthan.

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Tamil Nadu
• The Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts of
Tamil Nadu, India.
• Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary locally known as "Chitrangudi Kanmoli" is a Protected area declared in 1989 and a part
of Chitrangudi village, Mudukulathur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India.
• The Indira Gandhi National Park and Sanctuary formerly known as the Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the
Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu at the southern part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in the Anamalai Hills.
• Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve located in the Southern Western Ghats in Tirunelveli District and
Kanyakumari District in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is the second-largest protected area in Tamil Nadu State.
• Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary is a 1.04 km2 Protected area near Mudukulathur Ramanathapuram District, Tamil
Nadu.
• Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary is a 402.4 km2 protected area in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu South India
declared in February 2008. The area is a tiger habitat.
• The Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary is a 4.537 km2 protected area located in the Ariyalur District of the state of Tamil
Nadu, India.
• Karikili Bird Sanctuary is a 61.21-hectare protected area located in the Kancheepuram District of the state of Tamil
Nadu, India.
• The Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park is a proposed protected area in Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu
State South India.
• Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary or Kunthankulam is a 1.2933 km2 protected area declared as a sanctuary in 1994.
It adjoins the tiny village of Koonthankulam in Nanguneri Taluk of Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India.
• Mudumalai National Park or Wildlife Sanctuary is now declared as a Tiger Reserve, suited in Tamil Nadu.
• Oussudu Lake Bird Sanctuary is located in Tamil Nadu.
• Point Calimere Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu is an important wildlife preserve.
• Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary is a famous 481 km² located in Nellore, Chittoor districts of Andhra Pradesh and
Protected area in Thiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu state near Elavur in South India.
• Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve is a protected area and tiger reserve along the Western
Ghats in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
• Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary is a .45 km2 protected area in Tiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, India.
• Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary located in the town of Vaduvur in Tiruvarur District in the Indian state
of Tamil Nadu.
• Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is a 30-hectare protected area located in the Kancheepuram District of the state of
Tamil Nadu, India.
• Vellode Birds Sanctuary is an sanctuary located in the Erode District in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.
• The Vettangudi Bird sanctuary is located in Sivaganga District in Tamil Nadu.
Uttar Pradesh
• The Bakhira Bird Sanctuary is the largest natural flood plain wetland in Sant Kabir Nagar district of Eastern Uttar
Pradesh. The sanctuary was established in 1980.
• The Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as Chandraprabha, is situated in Chandauli district of Uttar
Pradesh state in central India.
• Hastinapur Sanctuary was founded in 1986, in Meerut, Muzzafarnagar, Ghaziabad, Bijnor, and Amroha districts of
Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Sonbhadra and Mirzapur districts of southeastern Uttar Pradesh.
• The Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in the Upper Gangetic plain in Uttar Pradesh, India. In 1987,
it was brought under the purview of the ‘Project Tiger’, and together with the Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary and the
Dudhwa National Park it forms the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve. It was established in 1975.
• The Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary is a part of the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve near Mailani in Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Lakh Bahosi Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary spread over two jheels (shallow lakes) near the villages of Lakh and Bahosi
in Kannauj district, Uttar Pradesh.
• Mahavir Swami Sanctuary, is one of many wildlife sanctuaries in Uttar Pradesh.
• The National Chambal Sanctuary is famous for the rare gangetic dolphin. The sanctuary was founded in 1979 and
is part of a large area co-administered by Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

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• The Okhla Bird Sanctuary is roughly 4 km2 in size and is situated at the entrance of Noida in Gautam Budh Nagar
district of Uttar Pradesh.
• The Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary is one of the largest natural flood plain wetland in Uttar Pradesh.
• Patna Vihar Bird Sanctuary is a protected sanctuary in the Jalesar sub division of Etah district in Uttar Pradesh.
• Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary, was founded in 1977, is one of the attractions of Chitrakoot district in Uttar Pradesh.
• Saman Bird Sanctuary is in Mainpuri district, in western Uttar Pradesh. It was established in the year 1990.
• Samaspur Sanctuary is situated near Salon in Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh.
• Sandi Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary is in Maharajganj district in Uttar Pradesh.
• Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary is around 67 kilometers from Balrampur, which is situated about 42 kilometers from
Gonda in UP's Sravasti & Balrampur district. It was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1988.
• Soor Sarovar Bird Sanctuary is a small, but important bird sanctuary of Uttar Pradesh.
• Jai Prakash Narain Bird Sanctuary is located in Uttar Pradesh.
• Kachhua Sanctuary is in Varanasi District in Uttar Pradesh, India. There are different species of tortoise, Ganges
dolphin and other water animals, which can be found here. Tortoise Sanctuary was declared on 21 December 1989.
• Vijai Sagar Sanctuary is located in Mahoba District of Uttar Pradesh. It was founded in 1990.
• Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is located in Pilibhit district, Lakhimpur Kheri District and Bahraich District of Uttar Pradesh
state in India.
Uttarakhand
• Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Uttarakhand, India that was created in 2012.
• Askot Musk Deer Sanctuary is located 54 km from Pithoragarh near Askot in Uttarakhand state of India.
• Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Himalayas on top of the Jhandi Dhar hills. It is about 33 km north of the
Almora town in Uttarakhand, India.
• Govind Pashu Vihar National Park and Sanctuary is a national park in Uttarakhand, India established initially as a
wildlife sanctuary in 1955, and later converted into a national park.
• Kedarnath Wild Life Sanctuary, also called the Kedarnath Musk Deer Sanctuary, is a national sanctuary in
Uttarakhand, India.
• Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary is an undisturbed wildlife haven, tucked between the Corbett and Rajaji national parks
in Uttarakhand. It was established on 9th January 1987 to protect the biodiversity-rich region between these
important wildlife conservation destinations.
West Bengal
• Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary (popular as Deer Park) was established in 1977. This wooded area is located near
Santiniketan in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum District in the Indian state of West Bengal.
• Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Bethuadahari town (Nakashipara area) of Nadia District, West
Bengal, India.
• The Buxa Tiger Reserve is a 760-square-kilometre tiger reserve located inside the Buxa National Park in West
Bengal, India.
• Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the oldest Sanctuary in India. It situated in the Nagrakata block of Jalpaiguri
district, West Bengal.
• Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary (West Bengal) situated at south Kolkata and near Narendrapur Ramkrishna Mission.
This is also known as Kayal-r Bagan.
• The Haliday Island Wildlife Sanctuary is one of several wildlife sanctuaries in the nation of India. Located in the state
of West Bengal.
• Jore Pokhri Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Darjeeling District, West Bengal.
• Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India.
• Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary is located on the foothills of the Himalayas, between the Teesta and Mahananda
rivers. Situated in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India
• Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary is situated near Raiganj in Uttar Dinajpur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
• Ramnabagan Wildlife Sanctuary is in Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
• Sajnakhali Wildlife Sanctuary is a 362 km2 area in the northern part of the Sundarbans delta in South 24 Parganas
district, West Bengal, India.
• Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary was set up in 1915 in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India.
• The Sundarbans National Park is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere Reserve in West Bengal, India.

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Delhi
• Asola-Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary lies at the far southern edge of the city of Delhi, at Asola near Tughlaqabad in the
Delhi National Capital Territory of India.
Arunachal Pradesh
• Daying Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh has all the necessary character to approve a strong
eco-tourism sector.
• The Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the eight wildlife sanctuaries of Arunachal Pradesh, India.
• Eaglenest or Eagle's Nest Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area of India in the Himalayan foothills of West Kameng
District, Arunachal Pradesh.
• The Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1989, is rich in flora and fauna. It is situated in the Lohit District of
the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.
• One of the most beautiful wildlife reserves in India, Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary covering an area of 140.30 km2 is
located in Naharlagun, Itanagar, the capital city of Arunachal Pradesh.
• Kane wildlife sanctuary is a beautiful sanctuary that lies in Arunachal Pradesh in India.
• Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary is a 282 km2 wildlife sanctuary in the Lower Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh,
a state in Northeast India.
• Pakke Tiger Reserve lies in the foothills of the Eastern Himalaya in the East Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.
• Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the foothills of the Eastern Himalaya in the East Kameng District of Arunachal
Pradesh.
• Sessa Orchid Sanctuary is a 100 km2 protected area of India in the Himalayan foothills in Bhalukpong Forest Division
of West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh.
• Talley Valley Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh, India.
• Yardi-Rabe Supse Wildlife Sanctuary is virtually an unknown protected area in West Siang district of Arunachal
Pradesh in the Lesser Himalaya.
Assam
• Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at Guwahati city in the state of Assam.
• Borail Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the southern part of Assam, India in Cachar and Dima Hasao districts.
• Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on the foothills of Himalayas bordering Bhutan in the north and in Udalguri
district & Baksa District of Assam.
• Bherjan-Borajan-Padumoni Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in Tinsukia district of Assam.
• Bura Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the state of Assam in India.
• Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary falling under Dhubri and Kokrajhar districts of Assam, India.
• The Deepor Beel Wildlife Sanctuary is located at Kamrup district in Guwahati, Assam.
• Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary is the only rainforest in Assam.
• The East Karbi Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Assam state of India.
• Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Karbi Anglong district, Assam, India.
• The Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary is an isolated protected area of evergreen forest located in Assam, India. The
sanctuary was officially constituted and renamed in 1997.
• Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary is protected area located in the state of Assam in India.
• Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Karbi Anglong district of Assam.It was declared as a sanctuary in 2003.
• Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in Karbi Anglong district of Assam in India.
• Nambor - Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary is a Morangi located in Golaghat district of Assam in India.
• Pobitora or Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife reserve in the Morigaon district of the state of Assam in India.
• Pani Dihing Wildlife Sanctuary located in Sivasagar district, Assam.
• Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the state of Assam in India.

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Mizoram
• Dampa Tiger Reserve the largest wildlife sanctuary in Mizoram, India was notified in 1985 and declared a Tiger
Reserve in 1994.
• Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary is the perfect destination for those seeking to enjoy a part of the wilderness of
north-east India. It is located at a distance of about 170 km from Aizawl in Mizoram.
• Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in Champhai district in eastern Mizoram, northeast India.
• The Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary in Mizoram is spread over an area of 110 km 2, near the Indo-Bangladesh border.
• Pualreng Wildlife Sanctuary is located in northern Mizoram.
• Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary is credited amongst the first sanctuaries of the Indian state Mizoram.
• Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Mizoram.
• Palak (Tokalo) Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Mizoram.
Manipur
• Khongjaingamba Ching Wildlife Sanctuary is Located in Manipur and established in the year 2016.
• Yaingangpokpi Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Chandel district of the Indian state Manipur, on the
Indo-Myanmar border.
Sikkim
• The Varsey Rhododendron Sanctuary or Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary occupies 104 km 2 in the Singalila Range
in western Sikkim.
• Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife reserve in the East Sikkim district of the state of Sikkim in India.
• Kitam Bird sanctuary is located in Sikkim.
• The Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary, located in East Sikkim, India.
• Maenama Wildlife Sanctuary, is a wildlife reserve in the South Sikkim district of the Indian state of Sikkim covering an
area of around 35 Km2.
• Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife reserve in the East Sikkim district of the state of Sikkim in India.
• The Varsey Rhododendron Sanctuary or Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary occupies 104 km 2 in the Singalila Range
in western Sikkim.
Nagaland
• Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Kiphire district of the north-east Indian state Nagaland, near international
border with Myanmar (Burma).
• The Pulie Badze Wildlife Sanctuary is located at Kohima District of Nagaland.
• Rangapahar Reserve Forest is one of the famous tourist attractions in Dimapur, Nagaland.
Meghalaya
• Baghmara Pitcher Plant Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Meghalaya.
• Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary, located near Lailad village in the Ri Bhoi district of the Indian state Meghalaya.
• Siju Bird Sanctuary, situated in the South Garo Hills district of the northeast Indian state Meghalaya.
Tripura
• Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary is a Wildlife Sanctuary in Tripura, India.
• Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary is a Wildlife Sanctuary in Tripura, India.
• Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Tripura.
• Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary is a Wildlife Sanctuary in Tripura, India.

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Chapter
05 Public Sector Banks in India

• State Bank of India (SBI) is an Indian multinational, public sector banking and financial services company. Its
headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The Bank of Madras, the Bank of Calcutta and the Bank of Bombay are
merged to form the Imperial Bank of India, which in turn became the State Bank of India in 1955.
• Bank of Baroda (BOB) is an Indian Multinational, public sector Banking and financial services company. The
government of India announced the merger of Bank of Baroda, Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank on September 17, 2018, to
create the country's third largest lender after State Bank of India (SBI) and ICICI Bank. Headquartered in Vadodara
in Gujarat, India. It has a corporate office in Mumbai. The bank was founded on 20 July 1908 in the Princely State of
Baroda, in Gujarat.
• Bank of India is commercial bank with headquarters at Bandra Kurla complex, Mumbai. Founded in 1906, it has
been government-owned since nationalization in 1969. BoI is a founder member of SWIFT (Society for Worldwide
Inter Bank Financial Telecommunications), which facilitates provision of cost-effective financial processing and
communication services.
• Bank of Maharashtra has largest network of branches by any public-sector bank in the state of Maharashtra. Its
headquarters in Pune, Maharashtra. It was founded in 1935.
• Canara Bank is one of the largest public-sector banks owned by the Government of India. Its headquarters is in
Bengaluru. It was established at Mangalore in 1906. The government nationalized the bank in 1969. Manipal based
Syndicate Bank merged from 1 April 2020, making it the fourth largest bank in the country.
• Central Bank of India, a government-owned bank, is one of the oldest and largest commercial banks in India. It is
based in Mumbai. It was established on 21 December 1911.
• Indian Bank is an Indian state-owned financial services company established in 1907 and headquartered in Chennai,
India. Allahabad Bank merged with Indian Bank on from 1 April 2020, making it the seventh largest bank in the
country.
• Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) is a major public-sector bank based in Chennai. It is Founded on 10 February 1937.
• Punjab National Bank (PNB) is an Indian multinational banking and financial services company. It is a state-owned
corporation based in New Delhi, India. It is founded on 19 May 1894. PNB merged with United Bank of India and
Oriental Bank of Commerce on 1 April, 2020.
• Union Bank of India is one of the largest government-owned banks of India. Union Bank of India was established on
11 November 1919 as a limited company in Mumbai and Indian government nationalized it in 1969. After the
amalgamation with Corporation Bank and Andhra Bank, which came into effect on 1 April 2020, the amalgamated
entity becomes the fourth largest bank in terms of branch network and fifth largest in terms of business.
• Punjab & Sind Bank is a government-owned bank with headquarters in New Delhi. The bank has overall 1559
branches which are widely spread across India, out of which 623 branches are in Punjab state.
• UCO Bank, formerly United Commercial Bank, established in 1943 in Kolkata, is a major government-owned
commercial bank of India. The Government of India nationalized UCO Bank on 19 July 1969.
Private Sector Banks

• The Catholic Syrian Bank Limited (CSB) is an Indian private sector bank with its headquarters at Thrissur, Kerala,
India. CSB was founded on 26 November 1920.
• The City Union Bank Limited is an Indian bank. The Kumbakonam Bank Limited, as it was at first called, was
incorporated as a limited company on 31 October 1904. Its Headquarters in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India.
• Dhanlaxmi Bank Ltd is an old private sector bank headquartered in Thrissur City, Kerala, India. It was incorporated
on 14 November 1927.
• The Federal Bank Limited is a major private sector commercial bank headquartered at Aluva, Kochi, Kerala.
• ING Vysya Bank was a privately owned Indian multinational bank based in Bangalore, with retail, wholesale, and
private banking platforms formed from the 2002 purchase of an equity stake in Vysya Bank by the Dutch ING Group.
• Jammu and Kashmir Bank (J&K Bank) is a Kashmir-based public sector banking and financial services company.
J&K Bank, incorporated on October 1, 1938, was the first bank in the country to emerge as a state–owned bank.

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• The Karnataka Bank Limited is a major Private Sector Banking institution based in the coastal city of Mangaluru in
Karnataka, India. It was established on 18 February 1924.
• Karur Vysya Bank is an Indian old private-sector bank, headquartered in Karur in Tamil Nadu. It was set up in
1916.
• Lakshmi Vilas Bank was founded in 1926. In July 2014, LVB relocated its Corporate Office to Chennai from Karur
where our registered office is located.
• RBL Bank Limited is a scheduled commercial bank, headquartered in the Mumbai , Maharashtra, India. Founded in
August 1943, RBL is one of the oldest private sector banks in India.
• South Indian Bank is a private sector bank that was founded in the year 1929 and is head-quartered in Thrissur
City, Kerala, India.
• Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited is a bank headquartered at Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India. TMB was founded in
1921 as the Nadar Bank, but changed its name to Tamilnad Mercantile Bank in November 1962 to widen its appeal
beyond the Nadar community.
• Axis Bank Ltd is the third largest of the private-sector banks in India offering a comprehensive suite of financial
products. The bank has its head office in Mumbai and Registered office in Ahmedabad. It is founded in 1993 as UTI
Bank.
• DCB Bank Ltd. is a private sector scheduled commercial bank in India. DCB Bank was founded in the 1930s, in
Mumbai.
• HDFC (Housing Development Financial Corporation) Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services
company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. In 1994 HDFC Bank was incorporated, with its registered office
in Mumbai, India.
• ICICI ( Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation) Bank of India, it is an Indian multinational banking and
financial services company headquartered in Mumbai and founded in 1994.
• IndusInd Bank Limited is a Mumbai based Indian new generation bank, established in 1994.
• Kotak Mahindra Bank is an Indian private sector bank headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. In February
2003, Reserve Bank of India gave the license to Kotak Mahindra Finance Ltd., the group's flagship company, to carry
on banking business.
• Yes Bank is India's fourth largest private sector bank, founded by Rana Kapoor and Ashok Kapur in 2004 and its
headquarter in Mumbai.
Foreign Banks
• AB Bank is a leading private sector bank in Bangladesh established in 31 December 1981.
• ABN AMRO Bank N.V. is a Dutch bank with headquarters in Amsterdam. ABN AMRO Bank is the third-largest bank
in the Netherlands and founded in 1991.
• Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank is a bank in the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank was formed in
1985 as a public shareholding company with limited liability.
• The American Express Company, also known as Amex, is an American multinational financial services corporation
headquartered in Three World Financial Center in New York City. The company was founded in 1850.
• The Antwerp Diamond Bank is the second largest diamond bank in the world, after ABN AMRO's International
Diamond and Jewelry Group.The Antwerp Diamond Bank was established in 1934 and its headquarters in Antwerp,
Belgium. it has offices covering all the major traditional as well as emerging diamond centers such as Antwerp, Dubai,
Geneva, Hong Kong, Mumbai and New York.
• BNP Paribas is an international banking group with a presence in 75 countries. It was formed through the merger of
Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) and Paribas in 2000. BNP Paribas has the highest brand value in France.
• Bank of America Corporation is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in Charlotte,
North Carolina. It is ranked 2nd on the list of largest banks in the United States by assets. Bank of America Corporation
was founded in October 17, 1904.

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• The Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait (BBK) was established in 1971 in both the Kingdom of Bahrain and the State of
Kuwait and its headquarters Manama,Bahrain.
• Bank of Ceylon is a government-owned, major commercial bank in Sri Lanka and Its head office is located in
Colombo, Sri Lanka. Bank of Ceylon (BoC) was founded in 1939.
• The Bank of Nova Scotia, operating as Scotiabank is a Canadian multinational bank. It is the third largest bank in
Canada by deposits and market capitalization. The bank was founded in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1832, and moved its
executive offices to Toronto, Ontario, in 1900.
• Barclays plc is a British multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in London.
Barclays established in the City of London in 1690.
• CTBC Bank is amongst the largest privately-owned banks in Taiwan. It was established in 1966 under the name
China Securities and Investment Corporation. In 1992, it was transformed into Chinatrust Commercial Bank.
• Citi bank was founded in 1812 and its headquarters is New York City, New York, United State. Citibank provides
credit cards, mortgages, personal loans, commercial loans, and lines of credit.
• Deutsche Bank AG is a German global banking and financial services company, with its headquarters in the Deutsche
Bank Twin Towers in Frankfurt. Deutsche Bank was founded in Berlin in 1870 as a specialist bank for foreign
trade.
• DBS Banks is a multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Marina Bay, Singapore.
The bank was set up by the Government of Singapore in July 1968 to take over the industrial financing activities from
the Economic Development Board.
• HSBC Holdings plc is a British multinational banking and financial services holding company, tracing its origin to a
Hong in Hong Kong. It was established in 1865 Birmingham, Great Britain and theirs headquartered London, United
Kingdom.
• JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., doing business as Chase Bank, is a national bank headquartered in Manhattan, New
York City. The bank was known as Chase Manhattan Bank until it merged with J.P. Morgan & Co. in 2000.
• VTB Bank is one of the leading universal banks of Russia. It was founded in 1990.
• Krung Thai Bank Public Company Limited (KTB) is a state-owned bank and their headquarters is Bangkok,
Thailand. The bank came into being on 14 March 1966 following the merger of two government-owned banks, Kaset
Bank and Monton Bank.
• Mashreq Bank psc is the oldest privately-owned bank in the United Arab Emirates and founded as the Bank of Oman
in 1967 and their headquarters is Dubai.
• Shinhan Bank is a bank headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. Historically it was the first bank in Korea, established
under the name Hanseong Bank in 1897.
• Societe General S.A. is a French multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Paris,
France and founded in 1864.
• Sonali Bank Limited is a state-owned leading commercial bank in Bangladesh. It is the largest bank of the country.
Sonali Bank was established in 1972.
• Standard Chartered PLC is a British multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in
London, England. The name Standard Chartered comes from the names of the two banks from which it was formed
by merger in 1969: The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, and Standard Bank of British South Africa.
• State Bank of Mauritius (SBM), is a bank in Mauritius. The government of Mauritius established State Bank of
Mauritius in 1973 under the name State Commercial Bank and their headquarters is Port Louis, Mauritius.
• MUFG Bank, Ltd. is the largest bank in Japan. It was established on January 1, 2006, following the merger of the Bank
of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. and UFJ Bank Ltd and their Headquarters is Chiyoda, Tokyo.
• UBS AG is a Swiss multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and headquartered in
Switzerland. The bank established in April 1862.

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Chapter
06 Banking and Financial Abbreviations

• ADB: The Asian Development Bank is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is
headquartered in the Ortigas Center located in the city of Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines.
• ADR: American depositary receipt is a negotiable security that represents securities of a non-U.S. company that
trades in the U.S. financial markets.
• AIDWA: The All India Democratic Women's Association is an independent left oriented women's organization
committed to achieving democracy, equality and women's emancipation.
• AITUC: The All India Trade Union Congress is the oldest trade union federations in India. It is not Politically
affiliated to any political party including the Communist Party of India.
• AMFI: Association of Mutual Funds in India is a nodal association of mutual funds across India. AMFI provides useful
knowledge and insights regarding mutual funds and investments.
• APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade
throughout the Asia-Pacific region. It was established in 1989 and headquarters in Singapore
• APL: Above Poverty Line in India, a measure of persons who live above its nationally designated poverty threshold.
People in urban areas must meet higher monthly income minimums to be considered above the poverty line.
• APM: Administered pricing mechanism came into existence on 1977. APM was administered by oil coordination
committee(0cc), under the ministry of petroleum and natural gas.
• ARC: Asset Reconstruction Company is a specialized financial institution that buys the NPAs or bad assets from
banks and financial institutions so that the latter can clean up their balance.
• ASBA: Applications Supported by Blocked Amount is a process developed by the India's Stock Market Regulator
SEBI for applying to IPO.
• ASEAN: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations was formed in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore, and Thailand to promote political and economic cooperation and regional stability.
• ASEM: The Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) was established in 1996 as a forum for dialogue and cooperation between
Europe and Asia. It aims to strengthen the relationship between the two continents. ASEM brings together 53 partners,
including: the European Union, 30 European countries (28 EU member states, Norway, Switzerland), 21 Asian
countries, the ASEAN Secretariat
• ASSOCHAM: Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry initiated its endeavor of value creation for Indian
industry in 1920. Having in its fold more than 400 Chambers and Trade Associations, and serving more than 4,50,000
members from all over India.
• ATM: Automatic Teller Machine is an electronic telecommunications device that enables customers of financial
institutions to perform financial transactions, such as cash withdrawals, deposits, transfer funds, or obtaining account
information, at any time and without the need for direct interaction with bank staff.
• BCBS: The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was
established by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten countries in 1974.
• BCSBI: The Banking Codes and Standards Board of India is an independent banking industry watchdog that
protects consumers of banking services in India.
• BIS: The Bank for International Settlements is an international financial institution owned by central banks which
"fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks".
• BOB: Bank of Baroda is an Indian state-owned International banking and financial services company headquartered
in Vadodara in Gujarat. It has a corporate office in Mumbai.
• BOE: A bill of exchange is a written order used primarily in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed
sum of money to another party on demand or at a predetermined date.
• BOI: Bank of India is commercial bank with headquarters at Bandra Kurla complex, Mumbai. Founded in 1906, it has
been government-owned since nationalization in 1969.
• BOP: The balance of payments is a statement of all transactions made between entities in one country and the rest
of the world over a defined period of time, such as a quarter or a year.

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• BOT: Build–operate–transfer is a form of project financing, wherein a private entity receives a concession from the
private or public sector to finance, design, construct, own, and operate a facility stated in the concession contract.
• BR Act: The Banking Regulation Act, 1949 is a legislation in India that regulates all banking firms in India.
• BCBS: The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was
established by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten countries in 1974.
• BSE: The Bombay Stock Exchange is an Indian stock exchange located at Dalal Street, Mumbai. Established in 1875,
the BSE is Asia's first stock exchange.
• BSR: 'Basic Statistical Returns of Scheduled Commercial Banks in India' provides data on different dimensions of
deposits and credit of the banking sector.
• CA: Chartered Accountants were the first accountants to form a professional accounting body, initially established
in Scotland in 1854. Chartered accountants work in all fields of business and finance, including audit, taxation,
financial and general management.
• CAD: Current account deficit is a measurement of a country's trade where the value of the goods and services it
imports exceeds the value of the goods and services it exports.
• CAG: The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is an authority, established by Article 148 of the
Constitution of India, which audits all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the state governments,
including those of bodies and authorities substantially financed by the government.
• CAR: The capital adequacy ratio is a measure of a bank's capital. It is expressed as a percentage of a bank's risk
weighted credit exposures. it is used to protect depositors and promote the stability and efficiency of financial systems
around the world.
• CARE: Credit Analysis & Research Limited was established in the year 1993. The company has 14 shareholders. It
deals with advisory services, information and credit rating. it was registered by SEBI as per Securities & Exchange
Board of India Regulations 1999.
• CASA: Current Account Savings Account operates like a normal bank account in which funds may be utilized at any
time. Because of this flexibility, CASA has a lower interest.
• CBLO: Collateralized borrowing and lending obligation is a money market instrument that represents an
obligation between a borrower and a lender as to the terms and conditions of a loan.
• CBS: Core Banking Solutions is a banking service provided by a group of networked bank branches where customers
may access their bank account and perform basic transactions from any of the member branch offices.
• CCIL: The Clearing Corporation of India Limited was set up in April, 2001 to provide guaranteed clearing and
settlement functions for transactions in Money, G-Secs, Foreign Exchange and Derivative markets.
• CCL: Cash Credit Limit is a short-term cash loan to a company. A bank provides this type of funding, but only after
the required security is given to secure the loan.
• CBD: The Caribbean Development Bank is a financial institution that helps Caribbean nations finance social and
economic programs in its member countries.
• CDBS: Committee of Direction on Banking Statistics in RBI was constituted in to have overall charge of the Basic
Statistical Returns, with officials of different departments of RBI and of various banks as its members.
• CDS: A credit default swap is a particular type of swap designed to transfer the credit exposure of fixed income
products between two or more parties.
• CEPA: The Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement is a free trade agreement between India and South
Korea. The agreement was signed on August 7, 2009.
• CGRA: Currency and Gold Revaluation Account is the unrealized gain/loss in the value of gold and foreign exchange
RBI holds based on movements in their value which is not considered in the income account but taken as a balance-
sheet item.
• CIBIL: Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited, is a credit information company operating in India. It maintains
credit files on 600 million individuals and 32 million businesses. TransUnion is one of four credit bureaus operating
in India and is part of TransUnion, an American multinational group.
• CNP: A card not present transaction is a payment card transaction made where the cardholder does not or cannot
physically present the card for a merchant's visual examination at the time that an order is given and payment effected.
• (CPI): A consumer price index measures changes in the price level of market basket of consumer goods and services
purchased by households.

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• CRAR: Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio, is the ratio of a bank's capital to its risk. National regulators track a
bank's CAR to ensure that it can absorb a reasonable amount of loss and complies with statutory Capital requirements.
• CRILC: Reserve Bank of India (RBI) set up a Central Repository of Information on Large Credits to collect, store,
and disseminate credit data to lenders.
• CRISIL: Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited is a global analytical company providing ratings,
research, and risk and policy advisory services.
• CRMD: The credit risk management department of each bank is responsible for planning and administering credit
risk management and conducting credit risk measuring and monitoring, and such department regularly presents
reports regarding its risk management situation to MHFG.
• CRR: Cash Reserve Ratio is a specified minimum fraction of the total deposits of customers, which commercial banks
have to hold as reserves either in cash or as deposits with the central bank.
• CSR: Corporate social responsibility is a corporation's initiatives to assess and take responsibility for the company's
effects on environmental and social wellbeing. The term generally applies to efforts that go beyond what may be
required by regulators or environmental protection groups.
• CTI: Country Threat Index examines the volume of terrorist and rebel alerts, messaging traffic, videos, photos,
incidents and the number killed and injured in a country over the past 30 days and runs it through an algorithm to
assign the country its CTI.
• DPG: Deferred Payment Guarantee is issued by the bank at request of customer when he purchases goods or
machineries from a creditor on the terms of payment after a specified time in lump sum or in instalments.
• DPN: Demand promissory note is a legal instrument in which one party promises in writing to pay a determinate
sum of money to the other, either at a fixed or determinable future time or on demand of the payee, under specific
terms.
• DRAT: Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunal were established under the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and
Financial Institutions Act (RDDBFI Act), 1993 with the specific objective of providing expeditious adjudication and
recovery of debts due to Banks and Financial Institution.
• DRI: Differential Rate of Interest introduced in 1972 and is being implemented by all-Indian Scheduled Commercial
Banks. To provide bank finance at a concessional rate of interest of 4 per cent p.a. to the weaker sections of the
community for engaging in productive and gainful activities so that they could improve their economic conditions.
• DSCR: Debt-Service Coverage Ratio is a measure of the cash flow available to pay current debt obligations. The ratio
states net operating income as a multiple of debt obligations due within one year, including interest, principal, sinking-
fund and lease payments.
• DTAA: Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement is a tax treaty signed between India and another country (or any
two/multiple countries) so that taxpayers can avoid paying double taxes on their income earned from the source
country as well as the residence country.
• EADB: The East African Development Bank is a development finance institution with the objective of promoting
development in the member countries of the East African Community.
• EBRD: The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development is an international financial institution founded
in 1991. As a multilateral developmental investment bank, the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market
economies.
• ECB: External commercial borrowing are loans in India made by non-resident lenders in foreign currency to Indian
borrowers. They are used widely in India to facilitate access to foreign money by Indian corporations and PSUs (public
sector undertakings).
• ECS: Electronic Clearing Service is an electronic clearing system that facilitates paperless credit / debit transaction
directly linked to your account and also provides for a faster method of effecting periodic and repetitive payments.
• EDI: Electronic data interchange is the concept of businesses communicating electronically certain information that
was traditionally communicated on paper. The two classic examples of such information are purchase orders and
invoices.
• EDP: Entrepreneurship Development Programme is a programme which helps in developing the entrepreneurial
abilities. The skills that are required to run a business successfully is developed among the people through this
programme.
• EEFC: Exchange earners’ foreign currency account is an account maintained in foreign currency with an authorized
dealer i.e. a bank dealing in foreign exchange. All categories of foreign exchange earners, such as individuals,
companies, etc. who are resident in India.

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• EFTPOS: Electronic funds transfer at point of sale is an electronic payment system involving electronic funds
transfers based on the use of payment cards, such as debit or credit cards, at payment terminals located at points of
sale.
• EIB: The European Investment Bank is the European Union's nonprofit long-term lending institution established in
1958 under the Treaty of Rome.
• ELSS: An Equity Linked Savings Scheme is an open-ended Equity Mutual Fund that doesn't just help you save tax,
but also gives you an opportunity to grow your money. It qualifies for tax exemptions under section (u/s) 80C of the
Indian Income Tax Act.
• EMI: An equated monthly installment is defined by Investopedia as "A fixed payment amount made by a borrower
to a lender at a specified date each calendar month.
• EPFO: The Employees' Provident Fund Organization is an Organization tasked to assist the Central Board of
Trustees, a statutory body formed by the Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and is
under the administrative control of the Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India.
• EPOS: Electronic point of sale system - A system where electronic tills are used to process customer transactions in
a retail outlet. Local EPOS systems are usually connected to a central computer system, so that financial and inventory-
related data can be exchanged between the store and head office, allowing automatic accounting and replenishment.
• EPS: Earnings per share is the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.
Earnings per share serves as an indicator of a company's profitability.
• ESOP: An employee stock ownership plan is a qualified defined-contribution employee benefit (ERISA) plan
designed to invest primarily in the stock of the sponsoring employer.
• EXIM: Export–Import Bank of India is the premier export finance institution in India, established in 1982 under
Export-Import Bank of India Act 1981.
• FCA: Foreign Currency Assets that is the most important component of the RBI’s foreign exchange reserve are the
assets like US Treasury Bills bought by the RBI using foreign currencies.
• FCCB: A foreign currency convertible bond is a type of convertible bond issued in a currency different than the
issuer's domestic currency. A convertible bond is a mix between a debt and equity instrument.
• FCNR: A Foreign Currency Non-Resident Deposit is unique to India and is primarily meant for non-resident Indians
(NRIs) and persons of Indian origin (PIOs), who want to hold monetary deposits in their chosen foreign currency.
• FDI: Foreign direct investment is an investment made by a firm or individual in one country into business interests
located in another country. Generally, FDI takes place when an investor establishes foreign business operations or
acquires foreign business assets, including establishing ownership or controlling interest in a foreign company.
Foreign direct investments are distinguished from portfolio investments in which an investor merely purchases
equities of foreign-based companies.
• FEDAI: The Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India, which was created in 1958, regulates the governing
rules and determines the commissions and charges associated with the interbank foreign exchange business.
• FERA: The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act was legislation passed in India in 1973 that imposed strict regulations
on certain kinds of payments, the dealings in foreign exchange (forex)and securities and the transactions which had
an indirect impact on the foreign exchange and the import and export of currency.
• FICCI: The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry is an association of business organizations in
India. Established in 1927, on the advice of Mahatma Gandhi by GD Birla and Purushottam Das Thakurdas, it is the
largest, oldest and the apex business organization in India, It is a non-government, not-for-profit organization.
• FII: A foreign institutional investor is an investor or investment fund registered in a country outside of the one in
which it is investing. Institutional investors most notably include hedge funds, insurance companies, pension funds
and mutual funds.
• FIMMDA: The Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India, an association of Scheduled
Commercial Banks, Public Financial Institutions, Primary Dealers and Insurance Companies was incorporated as a
Company under section 25 of the Companies Act,1956 on May 4th, 1998. FIMMDA is a voluntary market body for the
bond, money and derivatives markets.
• FINO: Financial Information Network & Operations Pvt. Ltd. provides technology and operational solutions to
financial institutions. It designs and implements technology solutions, such as systems, services, and networks.
• FIPB: The Foreign Investment Promotion Board was a national agency of Government of India, with the remit to
consider and recommend foreign direct investment which does not come under the automatic route.

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• FOB: Free on board is a trade term that indicates whether the seller or the buyer is liable for goods that are damaged
or destroyed during shipping. "FOB shipping point" or "FOB origin" means the buyer is at risk once the seller ships
the goods. "FOB destination" means the seller retains the risk of loss until the goods reach the buyer.
• FPI: foreign portfolio investment is the entry of funds into a country where foreigners deposit money in a country's
bank or make purchases in the country's stock and bond markets, sometimes for speculation.
• FSLRC: Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission is a body set up by the Government of India, Ministry of
Finance, on 24 March 2011, to review and rewrite the legal-institutional architecture of the Indian financial sector.
• FTA: Free trade areas are regions in which a group of countries have signed a free trade agreement, and invoke little
or no price control in the form of tariffs or quotas between each other. Free trade areas allow the agreeing nations to
focus on their competitive advantage and to freely trade for the goods they lack the experience at making, thus
increasing the efficiency and profitability of each country.
• GAAR: General anti-avoidance rule is an anti-tax avoidance Rule of India. It is framed by the Department of Revenue
under the Ministry of Finance.
• GDP: Gross domestic product is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a
country's borders in a specific time period.
• GDR: Global Depositary Receipt is a bank certificate issued in more than one country for shares in a foreign
company. The shares are held by a foreign branch of an international bank.
• GFD: Gross Fiscal Deficit is the excess of total expenditure including loans net of recovery over revenue receipts
(including external grants) and non-debt capital receipts.
• GIRO: Government Internal Revenue Order Advisory Group- GIRO Advisory Group was constituted by the RBI in
October 2013, under the chairmanship of Prof. Umesh Bellur, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay to implement a
national GIRO-based Indian Bill Payment System.
• GMS: Gold monetisation scheme is like a gold savings account. You would generally keep your gold without any
security at home or store it in bank lockers by paying a maintenance fee. But instead of that, you could keep your gold
in any form in a Gold Monetisation Scheme account and earn interest as the price of the precious metal goes up
• GST: Goods and Services Tax is an indirect tax levied in India on the sale of goods and services. Goods and services
are divided into five tax slabs for collection of tax - 0%, 5%, 12%,18% and 28%.
• GSTN: The Goods and Service Tax Network is a non-profit, non-government organization. It will manage the entire
IT system of the GST portal. This portal will be used by the government to track every financial transaction, and will
provide taxpayers with all services – from registration to filing taxes and maintaining all tax details.
• HDFC: Housing Development Financial Corporation Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services
company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• IADB: The Inter-American Development Bank is the largest source of development financing for Latin America and
the Caribbean.Established in 1959.
• IAS: An integrated accounting system is a software application that standardizes your procedures for recording
transactions and disseminating financial information.
• IBBI: The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India is the regulator for overseeing insolvency proceedings and
entities like Insolvency Professional Agencies (IPA), Insolvency Professionals (IP) and Information Utilities (IU) in
India. It was established on 1 October 2016.
• IBPS: The Institute of Banking Personnel Selection also known as a recruitment body that was started with an aim
to encourage the recruitment and placement of young graduates in public sector banks in India.
• IBRD: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is an international financial institution that
offers loans to middle-income developing countries.
• ICAR: The Indian Council of Agricultural Research is an autonomous body responsible for co-ordinating
agricultural education and research in India. It reports to the Department of Agricultural Research and Education,
Ministry of Agriculture.
• ICICI: Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India, is an Indian multinational banking and financial
services company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, with its registered office in Vadodara.
• ICRA: Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency, the organisation was set up in 1991. It was a joint venture
of Moody’s and Indian financial and banking service organisations. It was renamed to ICRA Limited and was listed in
the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange in April 2007.

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• IDBI: Industrial Development Bank of India was established in 1964 by an Act of Parliament to provide credit and
other financial facilities for the development of the fledgling Indian industry.
• IDR: Indian Depository Receipt is a financial instrument denominated in Indian Rupees in the form of a depository
receipt. The IDR is a specific Indian version of the similar global depository receipts.
• IDRBT: The Institute for Development & Research in Banking Technology is a unique institution exclusively
focused on Banking Technology. Established by the Reserve Bank of India in 1996, the Institution works at the
intersection of Banking and Technology. It is located in Hyderabad, India.
• IEPF: Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority has been constituted under the provisions of Companies
Act, 2013 for administration of Investor Education and Protection Fund .
• IFC: The International Finance Corporation is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory,
and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in developing countries.
• IIB: International Investment Bank is a multilateral development bank established in 1970 in order to promote
economic development and cooperation of the member states. The headquarters is located in Moscow, Russia. The
European regional office is in Bratislava, Slovakia.
• IIBF: The Indian Institute of Banking and Finance is a registered company which imparts education in banking and
finance.
• IMF: The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 189 countries, working to foster global monetary
cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable
economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
• IMPS: Immediate Payment Service is an instant real-time inter-bank electronic funds transfer system in India. IMPS
offers an inter-bank electronic fund transfer service through mobile phones.
• IMT: Instant Money Transfer is an innovative domestic money remittance facility that allows the customer to send
money to a receiver only by using the receiver’s mobile number through the bank’s ATM and retail internet banking
facility.
• IPO: An initial public offering is the first time that the stock of a private company is offered to the public. IPOs are
often issued by smaller, younger companies seeking capital to expand, but they can also be done by large privately
owned companies looking to become publicly traded. In an IPO, the issuer obtains the assistance of an underwriting
firm, which helps determine what type of security to issue, the best offering price, the amount of shares to be issued
and the time to bring it to market.
• IPPB: The India Post Payments Bank has been incorporated as a public sector company under the Department of
Posts with 100% GOI equity.
• IRBI: Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India to provide financial assistance as well as to revive and revitalise sick
industrial units in public/private sectors was set up in 1971 with a share capital of Rs. 10 crores.
• IRDAI: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India is an autonomous, statutory agency tasked
with regulating and promoting the insurance and re-insurance industries in India. The agency's headquarters are in
Hyderabad, Telangana.
• IRO: An interest rate option is a financial derivative that allows the holder to benefit from changes in interest rates.
Typically, the movement follows an underlying benchmark rate, such as the yield on the 10-year Treasury note
• IRR: The internal rate of return is a method of calculating rate of return. The term internal refers to the fact that its
calculation does not involve external factors, such as inflation or the cost of capital.
• ISIC: The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities is a United Nations industry
classification system. Wide use has been made of ISIC in classifying data according to kind of economic activity in the
fields of employment and health data.
• KCC: The Kisan Credit Card scheme is a credit scheme introduced in August 1998 by Indian banks. This model
scheme was prepared by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) on the
recommendations of R.V.GUPTA to provide term loans and agricultural needs.
• KVB: Karur Vysya Bank is an Indian old private-sector bank, headquartered in Karur in Tamil Nadu. It was set up in
1916 by M. A. Venkatarama Chettiar and Athi Krishna Chettiar.
• KVIC: The Khadi and Village Industries Commission is a statutory body formed by the Government of India, under
the Act of Parliament, 'Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956.
• KVP: Kisan Vikas Patra is a small savings instrument that will facilitate people to invest in a long term savings plan.
This scheme was originally introduced by the Government of India in 1988 and was again reintroduced in 2014 with
some changes.

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• KYC: Know your customer is the process of a business identifying and verifying the identity of its clients. The term
is also used to refer to the bank and anti-money laundering regulations which governs these activities.
• LAB: The Local Area Banks are small private banks, conceived as low cost structures which would provide efficient
and competitive financial intermediation services in a limited area of operation.
• LAF: A liquidity adjustment facility is a tool used in monetary policy that allows banks to borrow money through
repurchase agreements. This arrangement allows banks to respond to liquidity pressures and is used by governments
to assure basic stability in the financial markets.
• LIBOR: London Inter-bank Offered Rate is a benchmark rate that some of the world’s leading banks charge each
other for short-term loans.
• LTCG: A long-term capital gain or loss is a gain or loss from a qualifying investment owned for longer than 12
months before it was sold. The amount of an asset sale that counts toward a capital gain or loss is the difference
between the sale value and the purchase value, or simply, the amount of money the investor gained or lost when he
sold the asset. Long-term capital gains are assigned a lower tax rate than short-term capital gains in the United States.
• LTN: The term long-term notes payable refers to an agreement a company enters into with another party, which
includes a formal written promise to pay pre-determined amounts on specific dates
• MCA: Ministry of Corporate Affairs is primarily concerned with administration of the Companies Act 2013 and 1956,
other allied Acts and rules & regulations framed there-under mainly for regulating the functioning of the corporate
sector in accordance with law.
• MCLR: The marginal cost of funds based lending rate refers to the minimum interest rate of a bank below which it
cannot lend, except in some cases allowed by the RBI. It is an internal benchmark or reference rate for the bank.
• MIBOR: The Mumbai Inter-Bank Offer Rate is one iteration of an interbank rate, which is the rate of interest charged
by a bank on a short-term loan to another bank. Banks borrow and lend money to one another on the interbank market
in order to maintain appropriate, legal liquidity levels, and meet reserve requirements placed on them by regulators.
Interbank rates are made available only to the largest and most creditworthy financial institutions.
• MICR: Magnetic ink character recognition is a character-recognition technology used mainly by the banking
industry to ease the processing and clearance of cheques and other documents.
• MIS: Management information system refers to the processing of information through computers and other
intelligent devices to manage and support managerial decisions within an organization.
• MSS: Market Stabilization scheme is a monetary policy intervention by the RBI to withdraw excess liquidity by
selling government securities in the economy. The MSS was introduced in April 2004.
• MTN: Medium-Term Loan. A loan with a maturity generally between one year and 10 years.
• MUDRA: Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank is a public sector financial institution in India. It
provides loans at low rates to micro-finance institutions and non-banking financial institutions. It was launched by
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8 April 2015.
• NAV: Net asset value is value per share of a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund (ETF) on a specific date or time.
With both security types, the per-share dollar amount of the fund is based on the total value of all the securities in its
portfolio, any liabilities the fund has and the number of fund shares outstanding.
• NBFC: Non-banking financial companies are financial institutions that offer various banking services, but do not
have a banking license. Generally, these institutions are not allowed to take deposits from the public, which keeps
them outside the scope of traditional oversight required under banking regulations. NBFCs can offer banking services
such as loans and credit facilities, retirement planning, money markets, underwriting and merger activities.
• NDS: Negotiated Dealing System an electronic trading platform, operated by the Reserve Bank of India, used to
facilitate the exchange of government securities and other money market instruments. The negotiated dealing system
will also be responsible for hosting new issues of government securities.
• NDTL: Net Demand and Time Liabilities is sum of demand and time liabilities (deposits) of banks with public and
other banks wherein assets with other banks is subtracted to get net liability of the banks. Deposits of banks are its
liability and consist of demand and time deposits of public and other banks.
• NECS: National Electronic Clearing Service aims to centralise the Electronic Clearing Service (ECS) operation and
bring in uniformity and efficiency to the system.
• NEFT: National Electronic Funds Transfer is a nation-wide payment system facilitating one-to-one funds transfer.
Under this Scheme, individuals, firms and corporates can electronically transfer funds from any bank branch to any
individual, firm or corporate having an account with any other bank branch in the country participating in the Scheme.

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• NFA: No-Frills Account is a bank account that can be opened and maintained with a zero balance, levies zero or
nominal charges and does away with the unnecessary services or frills. The downside of such an account is that most
of the facilities offered are limited. Once this limit is exceeded, the bank charges for these services.
• NFS: National Financial Switch is the largest network of shared automated teller machines (ATMs) in India. It was
designed, developed and deployed by the Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) in
2004, with the goal of inter-connecting the ATMs in the country and facilitating convenience banking. It is run by the
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
• NHB: National Housing Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of Reserve Bank of India, was set up on 9 July 1988 under
the National Housing Bank Act, 1987. NHB is an apex financial institution for housing.
• NIB: Nordic Investment Bank is an international financial institution founded in the mid-1970s by the five Nordic
countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. In 2005, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania became members
of the Bank.
• NPA: Non-performing asset is defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest and/or installment of
principal has remained 'past due' for a specified period of time. In simple terms, an asset is tagged as non performing
when it ceases to generate income for the lender.
• NPCI: National Payments Corporation of India is the umbrella organisation for all retail payment systems in India,
which aims to allow all Indian citizens to have unrestricted access to e-payment services.
• NPS: National Pension Scheme, a government-sponsored pension scheme, was launched in January 2004 for
government employees. It was opened to all sections in 2009. A subscriber can contribute regularly in a pension
account during her working life, withdraw a part of the corpus in a lumpsum and use the remaining corpus to buy an
annuity to secure a regular income after retirement.
• NPV: Net Present Value is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash
outflows over a period of time. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of a projected investment
or project.
• NRE: Non-Resident External Account refers to funds deposited with a financial institution that allows for the
efficient conversion and transfer of Indian and foreign currency both within and outside of India.
• NRI: Non-resident Indian- An Indian Citizen who stays abroad for employment/carrying on business or vocation
outside India or stays abroad under circumstances indicating an intention for an uncertain duration of stay abroad is
a non-resident.
• NSE: The National Stock Exchange of India Limited is the leading stock exchange of India, located in Mumbai. The
NSE was established in 1992 as the first demutualized electronic exchange in the country.
• NSFDC: National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation is an institution under Ministry of
Social Justice & Empowerment, Government of India for financing, facilitating and mobilizing funds for the economic
empowerment of persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes families living below Double the Poverty Line.
• OCB: Overseas Corporate Body means a company, partnership firm, society and other corporate body located
outside India but owned directly or indirectly by Non-Resident Indians at least sixty percent and it also includes
overseas trust in which not less than sixty percent beneficial interest is held by Non-resident Indians directly or
indirectly but irrevocable.
• OECD: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a group of 34 member countries that
discuss and develop economic and social policy. OECD members are democratic countries that support free market
economies.
• OLTAS: Online Tax Accounting System- It is a system mainly used in the collection of direct taxes from relevant
individuals as well as companies or organisations. It is the Income Tax Department’s strategy to acquire information
as well as to keep a record of all the tax that has been paid via banks through the uploading of the details of the challan
online.
• OMO: Open market operations refer to the buying and selling of government securities in the open market in order
to expand or contract the amount of money in the banking system. Securities' purchases inject money into the banking
system and stimulate growth, while sales of securities do the opposite and contract the economy.
• OTCEI: Over-The-Counter Exchange Of India is based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is India's first exchange for small
companies, as well as the first screen-based nationwide stock exchange in India.
• OTP: One-Time Password is a password that is valid for only one login session or transaction, on a computer system
or other digital device.

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• PACS: Primary Agricultural Credit Society is a basic unit and smallest co-operative credit institutions in India It
works on the grassroots level.
• PAN: Permanent Account Number is a code that acts as an identification for individuals, families and corporates,
especially those who pay Income Tax. It is a unique, 10-character alpha-numeric identifier, issued to all judicial entities
identifiable under the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961.
• PFRDA: The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority is the pension regulator of India which was
established by Government of India on August 23, 2003 and was authorized by Ministry of Finance, Department of
Financial Services.
• PIN: A personal identification number is a numerical code used in many electronic financial transactions. Personal
identification numbers are usually issued in association with payment cards and may be required to complete a
transaction.
• P-notes: Participatory notes are financial instruments used by investors or hedge funds that are not registered with
the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to invest in Indian securities.
• POA: Power Of Attorney is a legal document giving one person (the agent or attorney-in-fact) the power to act for
another person (the principal). The agent can have broad legal authority or limited authority to make legal decisions
about the principal's property, finances or medical care.
• POS: A point of sale is the place where sales are made. On a macro level, a POS may be a mall, a market or a city. On a
micro level, retailers consider a POS to be the area where a customer completes a transaction, such as a checkout
counter. It is also known as a point of purchase.
• PPF: Public Provident Fund is a savings-cum-tax-saving instrument in India, introduced by the National Savings
Institute of the Ministry of Finance in 1968. The aim of the scheme is to mobilize small savings by offering an
investment with reasonable returns combined with income tax benefits.
• PPI: Prepaid payment instruments are methods that facilitate purchase of goods and services against the value
stored on such instruments.
• QIB: A qualified institutional buyer is a corporation that is deemed to be an accredited investor as defined in the
Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Rule 501 of Regulation D. A QIB owns and invests a minimum of $100
million in securities on a discretionary basis; the broker-dealer threshold is $10 million.
• RDBMS: Relational Database Management System is a database management system based on the relational model
invented by Edgar F. Codd, of IBM's San Jose Research Laboratory fame. Most databases in widespread use today are
based on his relational database model.
• REC: Rural Electrification Corporation Limited is a public Infrastructure Finance Company in India’s power sector.
The company finances and promotes rural electrification projects across India.
• RIDF: Rural Infrastructure Development Fund was set up by the Government in 1995-96 for financing ongoing
rural Infrastructure projects. The Fund is maintained by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD).
• ROA: Return On Assets is a financial ratio that shows the percentage of profit a company earns in relation to its
overall resources. It is commonly defined as net income divided by total assets.
• ROE: Return on equity is the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity. Return on equity
measures a corporation's profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money
shareholders have invested.
• RTGS: Real-time gross settlement systems are specialist funds transfer systems where the transfer of money or
securities takes place from one bank to another on a "real time" and on a "gross" basis.
• RWA: Risk-weighted assets are used to determine the minimum amount of capital that must be held by banks and
other institutions to reduce the risk of insolvency. The capital requirement is based on a risk assessment for each type
of bank asset.
• SARFAESI: Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest Act,
2002 (also known as the SARFAESI Act) is an Indian law. It allows banks and other financial institution to auction
residential or commercial properties to recover loans.
• SCC: Selective Credit Control is a tool in the hands of Reserve Bank of India to restrict bank finance against sensitive
commodities.
• SDR: Special drawing rights are supplementary foreign-exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the
International Monetary Fund.

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• SEPA: The Single Euro Payments Area is a payment-integration initiative of the European Union for simplification
of bank transfers denominated in euro.
• SFMS: Structured Financial Messaging System is a secure messaging standard developed to serve as a platform for
intra-bank and inter-bank applications. It is an Indian standard similar to SWIFT (Society for World-wide Interbank
Financial Telecommunications) which is the international messaging system used for financial messaging globally.
• SGB: Sovereign Gold Bond are government securities denominated in grams of gold. They are substitutes for holding
physical gold. Investors have to pay the issue price in cash and the bonds will be redeemed in cash on maturity. The
Bond is issued by Reserve Bank on behalf of Government of India.
• SHG: Self-Help Group is a small voluntary association of poor people, preferably from the same socio-economic
background. They come together for the purpose of solving their common problems through self-help and mutual
help. The SHG promotes small savings among its members. The savings are kept with a bank.
• SIFI: Systemically Important Financial Institution is a bank, insurance company, or other financial institution
whose failure might trigger a financial crisis.
• SIP: Systematic Investment Plan' is an investment vehicle offered by mutual funds to investors, allowing them to
invest small amounts periodically instead of lump sums. The frequency of investment is usually weekly, monthly or
quarterly.
• SIPS: Systemically Important Payment Systems refers to large-value and retail payment systems which, owing to
their transaction volume, market share, cross-border relevance and the provision of services to other infrastructures,
are deemed significant for financial stability.
• SLR: Statutory Liquidity Ratio is the Indian government term for the reserve requirement that the commercial banks
in India are required to maintain in the form of cash, gold reserves, government approved securities before providing
credit to the customers.
• SLRS: Scheme for Liberation and Rehabilitation of Scavengers was launched by the Government of India on
22.03.1992. The objective of the scheme is to liberate the scavengers and their dependents from their existing
hereditary and obnoxious occupation.
• SMERA: SME Rating Agency is a full service credit rating agency exclusively set up for micro, small and medium
enterprises (MSME) in India and has grown to rate SME, mid & large corporate.
• SMILE: SIDBI Make in India Soft Loan Fund for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises was launched during the FY
2015-16 as an INR 10,000 crore fund by SIDBI, in line with the GoI’s ambitious ‘Make in India’ initiative. The target
sectors under SMILE include all the identified 25 Make in India sectors as indicated by the GoI for the Make in India
Programme.
• SPNS: Shared Payment Network System- IBA has set up a Shared Payment Network System or SWADHAN network
of ATMs of its member banks in Mumbai. The network went live on February 1, 1997. The objective behind the
SWADHAN network is to provide 24 hours, 7 days in a week and 365 days in a year, electronic banking service to the
customer of a member bank anywhere in the city of Mumbai.
• SSI: Small scale industries also known as MSMEs are defined & categorized by the Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises Development Act, 2006. The act categorizes different scale of industries on the basis of investment in plant
& machinery in case of manufacturing industries and on the basis of investment in equipment in case of service sector
industries.
• SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication provides a network that enables financial
institutions worldwide to send and receive information about financial transactions in a secure, standardized and
reliable environment.
• TDS: Tax Deducted at Source is a means of collecting income tax in India, under the Indian Income Tax Act of 1961.
Any payment covered under these provisions shall be paid after deducting prescribed percentage.
• TIN: Tax Information Network is an initiative by Income Tax Department of India (ITD) for the modernization of the
current system for collection, processing, monitoring and accounting of direct taxes using information technology. TIN
is a repository of nationwide Tax related information,and has been established by NSDL e-Governance Infrastructure
Limited on behalf of ITD.
• UCC: Uniform Commercial Code is a set of laws that provide legal rules and regulations governing commercial or
business dealings and transactions. The UCC regulates the transfer or sale of personal property.
• UIDAI: The Unique Identification Authority of India is a statutory authority established under the provisions of
the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 (“Aadhaar Act
2016”) on 12 July 2016 by the Government of India, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
(MeitY).

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• UPI: Unified Payments Interface is an instant real-time payment system developed by National Payments
Corporation of India facilitating inter-bank transactions. The interface is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India and
works by instantly transferring funds between two bank accounts on a mobile platform.
• USSD: Unstructured Supplementary Service Data is a Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication technology
that is used to send text between a mobile phone and an application program in the network. Applications may include
prepaid roaming or mobile chatting.
• UTI: Unit Trust of India Mutual Fund was carved out of the erstwhile as a SEBI registered mutual fund from 1st
February 2003.
• VPA: Virtual Payment Address is an identifier that can be uniquely mapped to an individual account. Unified
Payment Interface (UPI) services offer customers the option to create any number of VPAs for making and receiving
payments.
• WBCI: Weather Based Crop Insurance aims to mitigate the hardship of the insured farmers against the likelihood
of financial loss on account of anticipated crop loss resulting from incidence of adverse conditions of weather
parameters like rainfall, temperature, frost, humidity etc.
• WCTL: Working Capital Term Loan Scheme to provide one time core working capital assistance to deserving units
in the form of working capital term loan.
• WMC: Ways and Means Committee is a government body that is charged with reviewing and making
recommendations for government budgets.
• WPI: Wholesale Price Index is the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. Some countries (like the
Philippines) use WPI changes as a central measure of inflation. But now India has adopted new CPI to measure
inflation.
• YTM: Yield to maturity is the total return anticipated on a bond if the bond is held until it matures. Yield to maturity
is considered a long-term bond yield, but is expressed as an annual rate.

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Chapter
07 Indian Cities located on Rivers

ALAKNANDA RIVER
• Badrinath is a holy town and in Chamoli district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is in the Garhwal Himalayas, on
the banks of the Alaknanda River.
BHADRA RIVER
• Bhadravati is an industrial city and taluk in the Shimoga District of Karnataka state, India. Bhadravati derives its
name from the Bhadra River which flows through the city.
BRAHMANI RIVER
• Rourkela is a planned city located in the northern part of Odisha. It is situated on the bank of river Brahmani.
BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER
• Dibrugarh located in the state of Assam, is a beautiful town situated on the banks of the mighty Brahmaputra river.
• Guwahati is the largest city of Assam and Northeastern India, a major riverine port city and one of the fastest
growing cities in India, situated on the South Bank of the Brahmaputra River.
CHAMBAL RIVER
• Kota is a city located in the southeast of northern Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located Around 250 kilometers
south of the state capital, Jaipur, situated on the banks of Chambal River.
• Gwalior is a major and the northern-most city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and it is situated on Chambal
river.
COOUM, ADYAR RIVER

• Chennai is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Two major rivers flow through Chennai, the Cooum River
through the center and the Adyar River to the south. A third river, the Kortalaiyar, travels through the northern
fringes of the city before draining into the Bay of Bengal, at Ennore.
DAMAN GANGA RIVER

• Daman is a city and a municipal council in Daman district in the Indian union territory of Daman and Diu. It is
situated on Daman Ganga River. The river flows through Maharashtra and Gujarat states, as well as the Union
territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
GANGA RIVER
• Mirzapur is a city of Uttar Pradesh state, India. It is situated on the Ganges (Ganga) River.
• Allahabad is a large metropolitan city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city's original name – Prayag – comes
from its position at the Sangam (confluence) of the Ganga, Yamuna and Sarasvati rivers.
• Bhagalpur is a city of historical importance on the southern banks of the river Ganges in the Indian state of Bihar.
• Haridwar is an ancient city and municipality in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. Located on the banks of
River Ganges (Ganga), at the point where the Ganges descends from the hills to the North Indian plains.
• Kanpur is a large industrial city on the banks of the Ganges River, in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
• Patna is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. The modern city of Patna is situated on the
southern bank of river Ganges.
• Varanasi, being situated on the banks of River Ganges is regarded as the most holy city of India.
• Fatehgarh is a cantonment town in Farrukhabad district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located on the
south bank of the Ganges River.
• Kannauj is situated near the Ganga River, about 80 km northwest of Kanpur Uttar Pradesh state.
• Kanpur Cantonment is a military cantonment in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, The Kanpur Cantonment was
established in the year 1811 and is situated on the right bank of river Ganges.

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• Shuklaganj is a suburb of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, situated on the banks of holy river Ganges about 3 km from
Kanpur and 15 km to Unnao.
• Chakeri is a census town in Kanpur Nagar district and a suburb of Kanpur city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India,
situated on the banks of river Ganga.
• Hajipur is the largest city and headquarters of Vaishali district of Tirhut Division in the Indian state of Bihar. It is
situated on the banks of river Ganges.
GHATAPRABHA RIVER
• Bagalkot is a city in Karnataka state of India, which is also the headquarters of Bagalkote district. It is situated on
branch of River Ghataprabha about 530 km northwest of state capital Bangalore.
GIRNA RIVER
• Malegaon is a city and a Municipal Corporation in Nashik District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is situated on
Girna river.
GODAVARI RIVER
• Rajamahendravaram, whose earlier name was Rajahmundry, is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh located
on the banks of the holy Godavari River in East Godavari district.
• Nashik is an ancient city in the northwest region of Maharashtra at India. It is situated on the banks of river
Godavari River.
• Nanded is a city in Maharashtra state, India. Nanded is located on the banks of Godavari river in central west India.
• Nizamabad is a city in the Indian state of Telangana. It is situated on the banks of river Godavari River.
GOMTI RIVER
• Jaunpur district is a district in the Varanasi Division in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Jaunpur City is situated on
the bank of the Gomti River.
• Lucknow is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore
of the Gomti River.
HUGLI RIVER
• Kolkata city, capital of West Bengal state, and former capital (1772–1911) of British India. The city is centred on the
east bank of the Hugli (Hooghly) River.
JHELUM RIVER
• Srinagar, city, summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir state (Jammu is the winter capital). The city lies along the
banks of the Jhelum River at an elevation of 5,200 feet (1,600 metres) in the Vale of Kashmir.
KALI RIVER
• Karwar is a city in Karnataka being the head quarter of Uttara Kannada district in the Southern western coast of
India. It is situated between Sahyadri ever green forest in east, blue Arabian Sea to the west, towards south ends
with harbor and North the beautiful Kali river.
KAVERI RIVER
• Erode is the seventh largest urban agglomeration of the South Indian state, Tamil Nadu and serves as administrative
headquarters of Erode District. Located on the banks of River Kaveri.
KRISHNA RIVER
• Vijayawada is a city in the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region, on the banks of River Krishna in Krishna district of the
Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Sangli is a City and the district headquarters of Sangli District in the state of Maharashtra, in western India. Sangli is
situated on the banks of river Krishna.
• Karad is a city in Satara district in the southern part of Indian state of Maharashtra. It lies at the confluence of Koyna
River and the Krishna River.

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MAHANADI RIVER
• Banki is located on the southern bank of river Mahanadi in the southwest part of Cuttack district, Odisha.
• Cuttack, city, eastern Odisha state, eastern India. It is situated at the apex of the Mahanadi River delta.
• Sambalpur, city, northwestern Odisha state, eastern India. It is situated in a lowland valley along the Mahanadi
River.
MINACHIL RIVER
• Kottayam town, southern state Kerala, India. It is situated near Vembanad Lake at the mouth of the Minachil River,
south-southeast of Kochi (Cochin).
MULA AND MUTHA RIVERS

• Pune city, west-central Maharashtra state, western India, at the junction of the Mula-Mutha rivers.
MUSI RIVER
• Hyderabad is located on the Musi River in the heart of the Telangana Plateau, a major upland region of the Deccan
(peninsular India).
NARMADA RIVER
• Jabalpur city, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Jabalpur lies just north of the Narmada River in a rocky
basin surrounded by low hills that are dotted with lakes and temples.
• Bharuch is a city of southeastern Gujarat state, west-central India. It lies along the Narmada River near the Gulf of
Khambhat (Cambay) of the Arabian Sea.
NETRAVATI and GURPUR RIVERS

• Mangalore is a city of southwestern Karnataka state, southwestern India. It is a port on the Arabian Sea coast that
lies on the backwaters formed by the Netravati and Gurpur rivers.
NOYYAL RIVER
• Coimbatore is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Noyyal River.
PANCHAGANGA RIVER
• Kolhapur is a city on the banks of the Panchaganga River, in the west Indian state of Maharashtra.
PENNA RIVER
• Nellore is a city and district headquarters of Nellore district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located on
the banks of Penna River.
RAPTI River
• Gorakhpur is a city located along the banks of Rapti river in the north-eastern part of the Indian state of Uttar
Pradesh.
SABARMATI RIVER
• Ahmedabad, in western India, is the largest city in the state of Gujarat. The Sabarmati River runs through its center.
SARYU RIVER
• Ayodhya, also called Oudh or Awadh, town, south-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is situated on the
banks of river Saryu river.
SAVITRI RIVER
• Mahad is a town situated in North Konkan in southern side of Raigad district in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is
located on the banks of the Savitri river.

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SHARAVATI RIVER
• Honnavar is a port town in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka, India. It is located on the banks of the Sharavati
river.
SHIPRA RIVER
• Ujjain is the largest city in Ujjain district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The city is on the bank of the river
Shipra which flows into the nearby Chambal.
SUTLEJ RIVER
• Firozpur, also known as Ferozepur, is a city on the banks of the Sutlej River in Firozpur District, Punjab, India.
TAPTI RIVER
• Surat is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat. The city center is located on the Tapti River, close to Arabian Sea.
THAMIRABARANI RIVER
• Tirunelveli is a major city in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city is located on the west bank of the
Thamirabarani River.
TUNGA RIVER
• Shimoga is a city and the district headquarters of Shimoga District in the central part of the state of Karnataka,
India. The city lies on the banks of the Tunga River.
TUNGABHADRA RIVER
• Koodli is a small village in Shimoga District, in the Indian state of Karnataka. Koodli is the place where two rivers,
the Tunga River and Bhadra River, meet to give rise to the Tungabhadra River.
ULHAS RIVER
• Karjat is a town administered under a Municipal Council in Raigad district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The
city is located on the west bank of the river Ulhas.
VAIGAI RIVER
• Madurai is an energetic, ancient city on the Vaigai River in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
VISHWAMITRI RIVER
• Vadodara is the third-largest city in the Western Indian state of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad and Surat. It is located on
the banks of the Vishwamitri river.
VRISHABHAVATHI RIVER
• The Vrishabhavathi River is a minor river that flows through the south of the Indian city of Bengaluru Karnataka. .
YAMUNA RIVER
• Agra is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
• New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the Yamuna River.
• Mathura district situated along the banks of the river Yamuna is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India.
• Etawah is a city on the banks of Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India.

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Chapter
08 Indian State and Its Folk Dances

Andhra Pradesh
• Kuchipudi is one of the eight major Indian classical dances. It originated in a village named Kuchipudi in the Indian
state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Vilasini Natyam or Chinna Melam is an Indian classical dance form originating in Andhra Pradesh.
• Andhra Natyam is a classical dance form originating from the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. This traditional dance
form, having a history of 2000 years, was lost in the Mughal and British era.
• Burrakatha also spelled Burrakatha, is an oral storytelling technique in the Katha tradition, performed in villages of
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
• Veeranatyam or Dance of the brave is an ancient form of dance from the state of Andhra Pradesh, with associated
religious significance. Veeranatyam started as a ritual that was performed in Shiva temples in honour of Lord Shiva.
• Butta bommalu is one of the most famous and popular dance forms of Andhra Pradesh. It is a mask dance that
originated in Tanaku in the West Godavari district of the state.
• Tholu Bommalata is the shadow puppet theatre tradition of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.
• Dappu Dance is actually a complementary to the Dandora Dance in North India. In the coastal area of Andhra Pradesh
this dance is also known as Tapetta.
• Tappeta Gullu is a kind of Folk Dance that derives it origin from the folk cultures in India.
• The Lambadi is performed by the banjaras, a semi-nomadic tribe seen all over Andhra Pradesh. this dance a colourful
exposition of joy which is the highlight of many a festive occasion.
• Kolatam or the stick dance, is one of the most popular dance narratives in Andhra Pradesh. It is also called as
Kolannalu or Kolkolannalu.
Assam
• Bihu dance is a group dance in which males and females dance together. The dance is performed to traditional Bihu
music.
• Bagurumba is a folk dance in Assam which is performed by the Bodos tribe.
• Bhortal Dance is one of the most popular dances in the state of Assam this dance is performed in a group. Six or seven
dancers generally present the Bhortal dance together.
• Jhumur dance is a traditional dance of tea tribe communities of Assam. The dance is usually performed during
Autumn season in Assam. This dance is also found in few parts of West Bengal.
Arunachal Pradesh
• Bardo Chham is a folk dance of Sherdukpens, a small community of West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh,
Bardo Chham depicts the victory of good over evil.
Bihar
• Jhijhian dance is a folk dance practiced in the Bihar state of India. It is a ritualistic dance which is performed during
the times when there is absolutely no rain and the land is sun parched. It is performed in a group.
• Jat-Jatin Dance is the most popular folk dance of North Bihar, especially in Mithila and Koshi region. It is performed
by a pair of man and woman. Jat-Jatin is a folk dance of the same emigrant husband accompanied by his spouse.
• Jhumeri Dance of Bihar is similar to “Garva of Gujarat”. Specialized to the married women, it is a folk dance of
Mithilanchal of Bihar.
• Sohar-Khilouna Dance- The foremost event in one’s life is his birth. The birth of a child is celebrated all over the
country with different traditional rituals. In Bihar, ladies always sings Sohar on the occasion of birth ceremony of a
child.
• Sama Chakeva is one of the important festivals of the young brothers and sisters in the northern part of India. It is
mainly celebrated in Mithila region.

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Chhatisgarh
• Raut Nacha is a traditional folk dance usually done by Yadavs as symbol of worship to Krishna.
• Panthi Dance- This Indian folk dance is prominent ritual of the Satnami community of Chhattisgarh. The community
celebrates the anniversary of the birth of Guru Ghasidas on Maghi Purnima.
Gujarat
• Garba is customarily performed by women, the dance involves circular patterns of movement and rhythmic clapping.
It popularly performed during Navratri. The word comes from "garbha deep" which is translated as either light in the
inner sanctum of the temple or lamp inside a perforated earthen pot (which is often used in the dance).
• Dandiya Raas is an energetic, vibrant dance originating in the state of Gujarat. Often called the "stick dance" because
it uses polished sticks or dandiya, it represents a mock-fight between Durga and Mahishasura, the mighty demon-king.
• Tippani Dance is form of folk dance originated from the Chorwad region of Saurashtra in Gujarat, India.
• The Padhar dance is a folk dance of Gujarat, India. It is performed by Padhar, a fishermen community living along
banks Nal Sarovar of Bhal region. The dancer holds small sticks in his hands while dancing.
Haryana
• Phag Dance this is a seasonal dance, through which agricultural people express their joy and vigour. During the month
of February -March, they have a little leisure between sowing and harvesting.
• Daph dance is one of the popular folk dances of Haryana. Performed to show joy and happiness regarding a good
harvest, this dance is popular in various regions of Haryana. The dance is majorly performed by Ahir Community.
• The Dhamal dance is famous in the Gurgaon area, which is inhabited by Ahirs. Men perform this dance outdoors only
on moonlit nights of Phalgun month. It is said that the people perform this dance whenever their crop is ready for the
purpose of the harvest.
• Loor dance Girls perform the Loor during the month of `Phalguna` (pring). This dance is named so because the word
`Loor` means girl in the Bhangra area of Haryana. It is specially performed during the Holi festival.
• Jhumar is a folk dance widely performed by married women of Haryana. The dance is named after the ornament
called ‘Jhumar,’ worn on the forehead by young married women. Ladies dressed in colorful costumes, move in a circle
to the beats of dholak and thali.
Himachal Pradesh
• Nati refers to the traditional dance of Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. The dance is listed in the Guinness Book of
World Records as largest folk dance. It is quite popular in whole Himachal Pradesh.
• Kinnauri Nati refers to the traditional dance of Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. The dance is listed in the Guinness
Book of World Records as largest folk dance. It is quite popular in whole Himachal Pradesh. Dance is also popular in
Chandigarh where Himachali youth perform this on cultural programmes
• Namgen dance is performed in Himachal Pradesh. The Namagen dance is performed in the month of September to
celebrate the autumn. They wear costumes which are largely woolen and studded with silver ornaments. Mostly men
and women dance together.
• Jhali is a common dance form in the region little heard of outside the boundaries of Himachal Pradesh. Jhali is a dance
of gaiety and gratefulness for the harvests.
• Mahasu folk dance is performed in praise of God. The dance is an important part of the Mahasu Devta fair held every
August.
• Dangi Nritya originated in the Dangs. It is a tribal dance full of energy, skill and enthusiasm. Men and women interlock
hands at the waist to form a chain and dance in sync while maintaining a serpentine movement.
Jammu & Kashmir

• The Rauf is a folk dance form which is mainly practiced by the women folk of the Kashmir valley. There are several
folk dance forms which have particularly originated and flourished in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
• The Hikat dance is a very old form of folk dance which is being performed by the young girls in the marriage
ceremonies in the valley of Kashmir.
• Dhamali is a dance performed by the people to pay respect and honor the dignified saint. This dance is performed by
the disciples of Baba and his Sufi teachings.

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Jharkhand
• Karma dance which is also popularly known as Karma Naachis performed by the tribes of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and other regions of the country. This tribal dance is performed during the autumnal
festival of Karma Puja.
Karnataka
• Yakshagana is a traditional theatre form that combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, make-up, and stage
techniques with a unique style and form. This theatre style is mainly found in Tulunadu and some parts of Malenadu
regions of Karnataka
• Suggi Kunitha is a festival dance in Karnataka. It is performed by Halakki Vokkaligas, a community of Karnataka.
• Karaga is a folk dance of Karnataka which originated as a ritual dedicated to Draupadi as known in these parts as
Droupthamma. The ritual is performed on a full moon day.
Kerala
• Kathakali is one of the major forms of classical Indian dance. It is a "story play" genre of art, but one distinguished by
the elaborately colorful make-up, costumes and facemasks that the traditionally male actor-dancers wear.
• Ottan Thullal is a dance and poetic performance form of Kerala, India. It was introduced in the 18th century by
Kunchan Nambiar.
• Mohiniyattam also referred to as Mohini-attam, is derived from "Mohini" – a famous female avatar of the Hindu god
Vishnu in Indian mythology.
• Kaikottikali is an extremely popular folk dance performed by the maidens of Kerala. It is a group dance and is mainly
performed on the occasion of Onam and Thiruvathira.
Lakshadweep
• Lava Dance a folk dance mainly performed by the males in Lakshadweep, is a renowned traditional dance form
performed on festive occasions. The word 'Lava' means beautiful dance, song and rhythmic movement.
Madhya Pradesh
• Tertali is a folk dance performed by the Kamar tribes of Madhya Pradesh. It is an elaborate ritual with many elements
of dance. This majestic dance is usually performed by two or three women, who sit on the ground.
• Jawara, a harvest dance, is usually performed in the Bundelkhand area of Madhya Pradesh. It reflects the gaiety and
pleasure of the peasants who have attained a good harvest.
• Matki Dance is mostly performed in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is a solo dance performed by ladies
on special occasions like weddings, birthdays.
• Phulpati Dance is performed in Malwa region of India. This dance is performed by unmarried girls. It is performed
on the occasion of Holi.
• Grida Dance is performed in the villages of Madhya Pradesh. This dance celebrates the flourishing of the ‘rabi’ crops
(winter crops). It is performed by groups belonging to different villages, who gather together for this occasion.
• Maanch is a form of operatic ballet that is very popular in Malwa. It is a lyrical folk drama of Malwa region of the State
Madhya Pradesh. The language of the Maanch is traditionally Malwi.
Mizoram
• Cheraw dance is a ritual dance performed in Mizoram, India, consisting of four people holding two crossed pairs of
bamboo staves.
Manipur
• Dhol Cholom, a drum dance is one of the dances performed during Holi in Manipur.
Maharashtra
• Lavani is a genre of music popular in Maharashtra. Lavani is a combination of traditional song and dance, which
particularly performed to the beats of Dholki.
• Koli Dance is a popular dance form of the fishermen community of Kolis residing in the coastal areas of Maharashtra.
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• Lezim is a folk-dance form Maharashtra. This dance is named after a wooden idiophone to which thin metal discs are
fitted which produce a jingling sound and the dancers use this while dancing.
• Pavri Nach (also Tarpha Nach) is a renowned dance form of Maharashtra. It is an exclusive preserve of the Kokna
tribes. The tarpha or pavri, a wind instrument made of dried gourd, is the chief instrument used in this dance. Hence
the dance is known as Tarpha Nach or Pavri Nach.
Odisha
• Odissi also referred to as Orissi in older literature, is a major ancient Indian classical dance that originated in the
Hindu temples of Odisha.
• Chhau dance is a semi classical Indian dance with martial, tribal and folk origins in the eastern Indian states of Odisha,
Jharkhand and West Bengal.
• Ghumara Dance is one of the most sought and leading folk dance form in Orissa. Ghumura dance is depicted in Sun
Temple of Konark confirming this dance form is since the medieval period.
• Gotipua is a traditional dance form in the state of Odisha, India, and the precursor of Odissi classical dance. It has been
performed in Orissa for centuries by young boys, who dress as women to praise Jagannath and Krishna.
• Sambalpuri folk dance is mainly originated from the Sambalpur District, Odisha.
Puducherry
• Garadi is the most popular folk dance of Puducherry. The origin of this dance leads us to the Hindu epic Ramayana.
West Bengal
• Gambhira Dance One of the folk dances of West Bengal, it is a traditional and devotional form of dance. This dance is
performed by the devout devotees of Goddess Shakthi.
• Kathi dance is a folk dance performed in the West Bengal state of India. This dance is noted for its beautiful hand and
leg coordination.
• The Baul dance of West Bengal is a very famous folk dance that explains the joys and sadness of life through a
beautiful song and dance form.
• Domni is performed in Malda district. A Domni performance starts with a Vandana dedicated to God. Then the 'Mool
Gayen' and 'Chhokras' offer devotional prayers.
• Dhunachi is a dance performed in Bengal for the Durga Pooja at the time of Dussehra. Women and Men wear
traditional Bengali dresses and dance with a mud pot filled with burnt coconut shavings. This is known as a tribute to
Maa Durga.
Punjab
• Bhangra refers to several forms of folk dance and music that originate in the Punjab region of India. The dance is
generally performed during the Vaisakhi festival that celebrates the harvest.
• Giddha is a popular folk dance of women in Punjab region of India and Pakistan. The dance is often considered derived
from the ancient dance known as the ring dance.
• Karthi is a folk dance performed in Punjab. It is one of few dances in Punjab, which involves both men and women.
• Kikkli also spelled as Kikli, is one of the folk dances of Punjabi females performed by two girls holding hands and
twirling each other in circle and balancing their positions in circular motions.
• Sammi is a traditional dance form originating from the tribal communities of Punjab. It is the dance of Punjabi women.
Rajasthan
• Ghoomar is a traditional folk dance of Bhil tribe performed to worship Goddess Sarasvati which was later embraced
by other Rajasthani communities.
• Chakri dance of Rajasthan is a local folk dance mainly of Kanjar tribe from Baran and Kota districts. While women
dancers spin away to a certain rhythm, the unique background music is contributed by the local menfolk showing
their skill with the musical instrument 'dholak'.
• Gangaur is colourful and one of the most important festivals of people of Rajasthan.
• Kalbelia is performed by Naachato Rajasthan the women's group of the Kalbelia community of Rajasthan.
• Tera Tali is famous folk dance of Rajasthan. Performed by the ‘Kamar‘ tribe.

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Sikkim
• Singhi Chham is a masked dance of Sikkim, depicting snow lion - the cultural symbol of the state.
Tamil Nadu
• Bharatanatyam is a major genre of Indian classical dance that originated in Tamil Nadu. Traditionally,
Bharatanatyam has been a solo dance that was performed exclusively by women.
• Thappattam, is a dance in which folks beat Parai and dance to its rhythm. It is one of the oldest traditional dances,
originally performed for multiple reasons, ranging from warning people about the upcoming war.
• Karagattam is a folk dance of Tamil country performed by villagers perform in praise of the rain goddess Mariamman.
The performers balance a water pot on their head very beautifully.
• Bommalattam or puppet dance is very common in South India. In Tamil Nadu, marionettes are found in Salem,
Kumbakonam and Mayiladuthurai i.e. both in Thanjavur district. Most often these are celebrated at temple festivals
and exhibitions.
• Oyilattam is a folk dance with origins in the Madurai region of Tamil Nadu.
• Kolattam is a popular folk dance belonging to the state of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
• Kummi is one of the ancient forms of village dances of Tamil Nadu. It originated when there were no musical
instruments, with the participants clapping their hands to keep time.
• Bamber dance this dance is performed inside a temple, around a lamp. The purpose is to worship Lord Krishna, and
celebrate his frolics with the gopikas. This is performed during Ramanavami and Gokulashtami.
• Chakkai Attam is among the popular folk dances of Tamil Nadu.
• Devarattam is the dance of the Kambalathu Nayakar community of Tamil Nadu, who believe that they are the direct
descendants of the 'devas' or gods.
• Paraiyattam Parai is the name of a rhythmic beat instrument and Paraiyattam is practiced among the suppressed
Dalits classes of the people of the Tamil Nadu.
Tripura
• Hojagiri dance is one of the famous dances of Tripura. The dance is performed on the occasion of HOJAGIRI Festivals
or Laxmi puja, held in the following full moon night of Durga puja.
Uttar Pradesh
• Mayur Nritya or Peacock Dance his is a folk dance from Brij region of Uttar Pradesh. This dance is associated with
Lord Krishna and Radha.
• Rasleela is most popular form of folk dance of India, especially during the festivals of Krishna Janmashtami and Holi
in the regions of Mathura and Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh.
Uttarakhand
• Jhora is one of the famous folk dances of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. It is basically a dance form which is
performed by the people belonging to both the high and low caste.
• Chholiya is a dance form practised in the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. It is basically a sword dance accompanying
a marriage procession but now it is performed on many auspicious occasions.

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Chapter
09 Dams in India
Andhra Pradesh
• The Srisailam Dam is constructed across the Krishna River in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh near Srisailam
temple town and is the 2nd largest capacity working hydroelectric station in the country.
• The Somasila Dam (Opening date 1989) is a dam constructed across the Penna River near Somasila, Nellore
district, Andhra Pradesh.
• Prakasam Barrage across the Krishna River connecting Krishna and Guntur districts Andhra Pradesh.
• Tatipudi Reservoir is a water reservoir on River Gosthani located in Tatipudi, Vizianagaram in Andhra Pradesh.
• Gandipalem Reservoir is built on the River Penner in Andhra Pradesh.
• The Ramagundam dam is located in Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh.
• Dummaguden Dam on the river Godavari in Andhra Pradesh.
Telangana
• Nagarjuna Sagar Dam (Opening date 1967) was built across the Krishna river at Nagarjuna Sagar Nalgonda,
Telangana.
• Sri Ram Sagar (Opening date 1977) is a reservoir across the River Godavari in Telangana.
• Nizam Sagar Dam (Opening date 1923) constructed across the Manjira River, a tributary of the Godavari River in
Telangana.
• Dindi Reservoir is a medium water reservoir across Dindi tributary of River Krishna located near Dindi,
Mahabubnagar town in Telangana.
• The Lower Manair Dam was constructed across the Manair River in the state of Telangana.
• Singur Dam is an irrigation, hydroelectric and drinking water project located in Telangana. The Dam is built on the
river Manjira.
Bihar
• Nagi Dam is located in Jamui District, Bihar.
Chhattisgarh
• Hasdeo Bango Dam is a dam constructed across the Hasdeo river in Chhattisgarh.
Gujarat
• The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near Navagam, Gujarat.
• The Ukai Dam constructed across the Tapti River, is the second largest reservoir in Gujarat after the Sardar
Sarovar. It is also known as Vallabh Sagar. Constructed in 1972, the dam is meant for irrigation, power generation
and flood control.
• Kadana Dam is situated in Panchmahal district of Gujarat. It was built on Mahi River with the purpose of
controlling, irrigation and hydropower facilities.
• The Karjan Reservoir is situated on Karjan river in Gujarat.
Himachal Pradesh
• Bhakra Dam(Opening date 1963) is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej River in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh in
northern India. The dam forms the Gobind Sagar reservoir.
• The Pong Dam, also known as the Beas Dam, is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Beas River in the state of
Himachal Pradesh.
• The Chamera Dam impounds the River Ravi and supports the hydroelectricity project in the region. It is located
near the town of Dalhousie, in the Chamba district in the state of Himachal Pradesh.

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Jammu & Kashmir
• Salal Dam is a run-of-the-river power project on the Chenab River in the Reasi district of the Indian state of Jammu
and Kashmir.
• Baglihar Dam is a run-of-the-river power project on the Chenab River in the southern Doda district of the Indian
state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Jharkhand
• The Maithon Dam is constructed on the Barakar River located at Dhanbad, in the state of Jharkhand.
• Panchet Dam(opened in 1959) was constructed across the Damodar River at Panchet in Dhanbad, Jharkhand.
• Tenughat Dam is an earthfill dam with composite masonry cum concrete spillway across the Damodar River at
Bokaro district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Karnataka
• Krishna Raja Sagara is the name of both a lake and the dam that creates it. It is located close to the settlement of
Krishnarajasagara in the Indian State of Karnataka.
• The Tungabhadra Dam (opened in 1953) is constructed across the Tungabhadra River, a tributary of the
Tungabhadra River. The dam is near the town of Hospet in Karnataka.
• The Bhadra Dam which has created the Bhadra Reservoir, is located on the Bhadra River a tributary of
Tungabhadra River in the western part of Karnataka.
• The Linganamakki dam was constructed by the Karnataka State Government in 1964 and it is build across the
Sharavathi river.
• The Malaprabha dam is the shortest dam in Karnataka. It was built across the Malaprabha river(It is a tributary of
the famous Krishna river) in Belgaum Karnataka.
• Raja Lakhamagouda dam, also known as Hidkal dam, is a dam constructed across the Ghataprabha River in the
Krishna River basin. It is situated Belagavi district in North Karnataka.
• Hemavathy Dam (opened in 1979) is constructed across the river Hemavathy, an important tributary of the river
Kaveri. The dam is located in Gorur, near the city of Hassan in Karnataka.
• Supa Dam is built across Kali river in state of Karnataka in India.
• The Lakya Dam is a check dam built across the river Lakhya, a tributary of the Bhadra river Karnataka.
• The Almatti Dam is a hydroelectric project on the Krishna River in North Karnataka.
Kerala
• Kakki Reservoir (The dams were built in 1966) is on one of the tributaries of Pamba located in Pathanamthitta
district of Kerala.
• The Idukki Dam(Opened 1973) is a double curvature arch dam constructed across the Periyar River in a narrow
gorge between two granite hills locally known as Kuravan and Kuravathi in Kerala.
• The Cheruthoni Dam, located in Idukki District, Kerala.
• Kulamavu Dam is a gravity/masonry dam on the Periyar river, Kerala.
• Idamalayar Dam(Opened 1973) is a multipurpose concrete gravity dam located on the Idamalayar River, a
tributary of the Periyar River in Kerala.
Madhya Pradesh
• The Gandhi Sagar Dam is a masonry gravity dam built on India's Chambal River. The dam is located in Madhya
Pradesh.
• Tawa Reservoir is located in on the Tawa River in Hoshangabad District of Madhya Pradesh.
• The Indira Sagar Dam is a multipurpose project on the Narmada River at Narmada Nagar of Madhya Pradesh.
Maharashtra
• The Koyna Dam is a rubble-concrete dam constructed on Koyna River, Maharashtra.
• Jayakwadi Dam is an earthen dam built across the sacred Godavari River at Paithan village in Aurangabad district
of Maharashtra.
• Isapur Dam is an earthfill dam on Penganga river near Pusad in Maharashtra.
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• Totladoh dam, is a gravity dam on the Pench river near Ramtek in Nagpur Maharashtra and adjoining Madhya
Pradesh in India.
• Warna Dam, on the Warna River, is located in Kolhapur District Maharashtra.
• Bhatsa Dam, is an earthfill and gravity dam on Bhatsa river near Shahapur, Thane district in state of Maharashtra
in India.
Odisha
• Hirakud Dam ( Opened 1957) is Constructed on Mahanadi River, this is historic dam situated near Sambalpur
District of Odisha.
• Rengali dam is constructed across Brahmani River in Angul district, Odisha.
• Indravati Dam is a gravity dam on the Indravati River, Odisha.
• The Jalaput Dam is a hydroelectric dam built on the Machkund River, a tributary of the Godavari River, and stands
as a boundary between the states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
• Mandira dam is built across Sankh river located near Kansbahal in Sundergarh district, Odisha.
Punjab
• The Ranjit Sagar Dam, also known as the Thein Dam, is part of a hydroelectric project constructed by the
Government of Punjab on the Ravi River on the Border of two states of India Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab.
Rajasthan
• The Ranapratap Sagar Dam is a gravity masonry dam of height built on the Chambal River at Rawatbhata in
Rajasthan.
• Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam is a dam across the Mahi River is located in Rajasthan. The dam was constructed between
1972 and 1983 for the purposes of hydroelectric power generation and water supply. It is the second largest dam in
Rajasthan.
• Bisalpur Dam is a gravity dam on the Banas River near Deoli in Tonk district, Rajasthan. The dam was completed
in 1999 for the purpose of irrigation and water supply.
Tamil Nadu
• The Mettur Dam is one of the largest dams in India and the largest in Tamil Nadu located across the river Cauvery.
• The Solaiyar Dam is part of the Solaiyar Hydroelectric Project located in Valparai, a hill station in the Anaimalai
Hills of the Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu India.
• Bhavanisagar Dam, is constructed on the Bhavani river in Erode district, Tamil Nadu.
Uttarakhand
• The Ramganga Dam, is an embankment dam on the Ramganga River in Pauri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand.
• Jamrani Dam constructed on the Gola River in Nainital District, Uttarakhand.
• The Tehri Dam is the Highest dam in India and one of the highest in the world. It is a multi-purpose rock and earth-
fill embankment dam on the Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand.
Uttar Pradesh
• Rihand Dam or Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar is India's largest artificial lake. Rihand Dam is a concrete gravity dam
located at Pipri in Sonbhadra District in Uttar Pradesh. Its reservoir area is on the border of Madhya Pradesh and
Uttar Pradesh. It is on the Rihand River which is the tributary of the Son River.
• Matatila Dam is situated in Lalitpur District of Uttar Pradesh. It is built on the River Betwa.
• The Rajghat Dam is an inter-state dam project of the governments of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh under
construction on the Betwa River.
West Bengal
• The Mukutmanipur Dam is a dam in Khatra subdivision of Bankura district in the state of West Bengal. It is the
second largest earthen dam in India.

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Chapter
10 Awards & Recognition

Bharat Ratna
• The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. ' The award was started by formal President
of India Rajendra Prasad on 2nd January 1954, the award is conferred "in recognition of exceptional
service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was
originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded
the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat
Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year.
Padma Awards
• The Padma Vibhushan (instituted in 1954) is the second-highest civilian award of the Republic of India; All persons
without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards. However, Government servants
including those working with PSUs, except doctors and scientists, are not eligible for these Awards.
• The Padma Bhushan (instituted in 1954) is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India; All persons
without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards. However, Government servants
including those working with PSUs, except doctors and scientists, are not eligible for these Awards.
• Padma Shri (instituted in 1954) is the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India, the words "Padma",
meaning lotus in Sanskrit, and "Shri", a Sanskrit-derived honorific equivalent to 'Mr.' or 'Ms. The award criteria include
the Arts, Education, Industry, Literature, Science, Sports, Medicine, Social Service and Public Affairs.
Gallantry Awards
• The Param Vir Chakra (instituted in 1950) is India's highest military decoration, awarded for displaying distinguished
acts of valour during wartime. Most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice,
in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. Other war time gallantry awards namely the Maha
Vir Chakra and the Vir Chakra were instituted by the Government of India on 1950 .
• Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) (literally great warrior medal) is the second highest military decoration in India, after the
Param Vir Chakra, and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at
sea or in the air.
• Vir Chakra is the third highest military decoration in India after Maha Vir Chakra and is awarded for acts of
conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.
• Ashok Chakra (instituted in 1952) is India's highest peacetime military decoration awarded for valour, courageous
action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. Suhas Biswas was the first Indian Air Force officer to be awarded the
Ashoka Chakra.
• Kirti Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the
field of battle. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, including posthumous awards. It is second
in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards; it comes after Ashoka Chakra and before Shaurya Chakra.
• Shaurya Chakra (instituted in 1952) is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-
sacrifice while not engaged in direct action with the enemy. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military
personnel.
Nobel Prize
• The Nobel Prize (instituted in 1895) is a set of annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish
and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances. The Nobel Prize is widely
regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, peace, chemistry and
economics. The prize is not awarded posthumously.

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Awards in Literature
• Booker Prize is a literary prize awarded each year for the best original novel written in the English language and
published in the UK.The Man Booker Prize was established in 1969.
• The Vyas Samman is a literary award in India, first awarded in 1991. It is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla
Foundation and includes a cash payout of Rs 350,000 (as of 2017). To be eligible for the award, the literary work must
be in the Hindi language and have been published in the past 10 years.
• The Moortidevi Award is an India literary award annually presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a literary and research
organisation, to an author. The award is given only to Indian writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth
Schedule to the Constitution of India and in English.
• The Saraswati Samman was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation. The Saraswati Samman is an annual
award for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian language listed in Schedule VIII of the
Constitution of India. It consists of Rs 15 lakh.
• The Jnanpith Award(Instituted in 1961) is an Indian literary award presented annually by the Bharatiya Jnanpith to
an author for their "outstanding contribution towards literature".The award is bestowed only on Indian writers
writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India and English. The first recipient
of the award was the Malayalam writer G. Sankara Kurup who received the award in 1965 for his collection of poems,
Odakkuzhal.
• Bihari Puraskar is a literary award instituted by K. K. Birla Foundation. The award is named after the famous Hindi
poet Bihari and is awarded to an outstanding work published in Hindi or Rajasthani by a Rajasthani writer. It carries
a citation, a plaque and prize money of Rs. 1 lakh.
Awards in Films
• The Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, are a set of 24 awards for artistic and technical merit in the American
film industry, given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), to recognize excellence in
cinematic achievements. The 90th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2017, was held on 4 March
2018, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, California.
• Dadasaheb Phalke Award is one of the highest and most prestigious awards that is given in the field of cinema. The
award, which was instituted in 1969 in honour of Dadasaheb Phalke, an Indian filmmaker who is regarded as “the
father of Indian cinema”. Dadasaheb directed Raja Harishchandra, which was India’s first full-length feature film and
was released in 1913.
Awards in sports and Games

• The Arjuna Awards (Instituted in 1961) are given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, government of India to
recognize outstanding achievement in National sports.The award carries a cash prize of Rs5 lakhs, a bronze statue of
Arjuna and a scroll.
• Dronacharya Award The award is named after Drona, often referred as "Dronacharya" or "Guru Drona", a character
from the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of ancient India for Outstanding Coaches in Sports and Games.The award
comprises a bronze statuette of Dronacharya, a certificate, ceremonial dress, and a cash prize of Rs5 lakh.
• Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games, is the lifetime achievement sporting honour of
the Republic of India. The award is named after Dhyan Chand an Indian field hockey player. It is awarded annually by
the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in Sports and Games, is the highest sporting honour of the Republic of India. The award
is named after Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India. It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs
and Sports.
Awards in Architecture
• Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in architecture. It is named after the architect James Stirling, organised
and awarded annually by the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).
• The Aga Khan Award for Architecture is given every three years to projects that set new standards of excellence in
architecture, planning practices, historic preservation and landscape architecture.
• The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work
demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has produced consistent and
significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture. Founded in 1979 by
Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy.

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Awards in Science & Technology
• The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology (SSB) is a science award in India given annually by
the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental,
in biology, chemistry, environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and Physics. The purpose of the
prize is to recognize outstanding Indian work in science and technology.
• The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO for exceptional skill in presenting
scientific ideas to lay people. It was created in 1952.
Awards in Music
• A Grammy Award is an award presented by The Recording Academy to recognize achievement in the mainly English-
language music industry. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4, 1959.
Awards in Mathematics
• Fields Medal is widely regarded as the highest honor a mathematician. The medal was first awarded in 1936 to Finnish
mathematician Lars Ahlfors and American mathematician Jesse Douglas, and it has been awarded every four years
since 1950.
• The Abel Prize (established in 2001) is a Norwegian prize awarded annually by the Government of Norway to one or
more outstanding mathematicians. According to Academic Excellence Survey by ARWU, Abel Prize is the second top
award in the field of mathematics worldwide after Fields Medal.
Awards in Peace
• The International Gandhi Peace Prize, named after Mahatma Gandhi, is awarded annually by the Government of India.
As a tribute to the ideals espoused by Gandhi, the Government of India launched the International Gandhi Peace Prize
in 1995 on the occasion of the 125th birth anniversary of Mohandas Gandhi.
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award

• The award was started in 1999 and is provided to a business leader, management practitioner, public administrator,
educator or institution builder for his/her sustained individual contributions for achievements of high professional
order and excellence. This award is given by the President of India.
Green Star Awards
• The Green Star Awards recognize outstanding individuals or organisations that have made remarkable efforts to
prevent, prepare for, and respond to environmental emergencies – as well as to integrate environment with
humanitarian action across the world.
Ramon Magsaysay Award

• The Ramon Magsaysay Award is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon
Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a
democratic society.
Pulitzer Prize
• The Pulitzer Prize is an award for Excellence in newspaper journalism, literary achievements, musical composition in
the United States. It was established in 1917 by Joseph Pulitzer.
Sahitya Akademi Award

• The Sahitya Akademi Award is a literary honor in India, which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of
Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the major
Indian languages (24 languages,including the 22 listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, along with
English and Rajasthani) recognised by the Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi.
Manthan Award
• The Manthan Award is an annual award for South Asia given in recognition of exceptional digital content creation. The
award is issued by the Digital Empowerment Foundation and was partly inspired by the World Summit Award. It was
created 10 October 2004.

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FiFi Awards
• The FiFi Awards these awards (sponsored by The Fragrance Foundation) have been held annually in New York City
since 1973 and are attended by around 1,000 members of the international fragrance community, designers and
celebrities from the fashion, theatre, film, or television industries.
Sangeet-Natak Akademi Award

• Sangeet Natak Akademi is an award given by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance &
Drama. It is the highest Indian recognition given to practicing artists.
BAFTA Awards
• British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to honour the best British and international contributions to
film.

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Chapter
11 List of Military Exercises

NAVAL EXERXISE
• INDRA is a joint, bi-annual military exercise conducted by India and Russia starting in 2003. The exercise is tasked
with boosting cooperation and interoperability between the Russian and Indian defence forces.
• Singapore India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX) is an annual bilateral naval exercise conducted by the
Indian Navy and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). The exercise has been held annually since 1994.
• IBSAMAR are a series of naval exercises between the navies of India, Brazil, South Africa. The name IBSAMAR is an
abbreviation of India-Brazil-South Africa Maritime. The first exercise took place in 2008.
• India-Sri Lanka joint maritime naval exercise is SLINEX. In 2020 it held near Trincomalee, Sri Lanka from 19th to
21th October 2020.
• The Indian and French Navies have been conducting bilateral maritime exercises since May 1993. Since 2001, the
exercises are called ‘VARUNA’.
• Ships and aircraft of the Indian Coast Guard and the Japan Coast Guard came together to train for the 'Sahyog-
Kaijin' joint exercise.
• Indian and Oman Navy Naval Exercise is 'Naseem Al Bahr’.
• Exercise Australia-India (AUSINDEX) is the bilateral military exercise in Australian waters involving the Indian
Navy and Royal Australian Navy and it aims to develop “a deeper understanding and cooperation between the two
navies”.
• The annual bilateral maritime exercise Konkan is between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy (British Navy).
• Exercise Malabar is a trilateral naval exercise involving the United States, Japan and India as permanent partners.
• The Indonesian Navy and the Indian Navy have been participating in coordinated patrol (CORPAT) twice a year
since 2002 to keep vital part of the Indian Ocean Region safe and secure for commercial shipping and international
trade.
• The Japan-India Maritime Exercise is called JIMEX.
• The Salvage Exercises (SALVEX) is Indian Navy's Divers exercises with US Navy divers.
• Milan is a multilateral naval exercise hosted by the Indian Navy under the aegis of the Andaman and Nicobar
Command.
• Zayed Talwar 2021 is Bilateral Maritime Exercise between Indian Navy and UAE. In 2021 it held off the coast of Abu
Dhabi.
• SITMEX is the trilateral naval exercise of Singapore-India-Thailand Maritime Exercise (SITMEX). The Third
Edition has been conducted in the Andaman Sea of the Indian Ocean in 2021.
• Samudra Shakti is maritime Exercise between India and Indonesia was conducted from 20th -22nd September, 2021
in the Sunda Strait.
AIR FORCE EXERCISE

• Exercise Indradhanush is a joint air force exercise conducted by the Royal Air Force (British Navy) and the Indian
Air Force.
• Exercise “Garuda” is a joint air force exercise conducted by the Indo-French air exercise.
• “Red Flag” aerial combat exercises is a joint air force exercise conducted between the Air Forces of India and the U.S.
• Siam Bharat is a joint air force exercise conducted by the India and Thailand.
• Avia Indra is a joint air force exercise conducted by Indian Air Force (IAF) and Russian Federation Air Force
(RFAF).
• Desert Eagle is a joint air force exercise conducted by Indian Air Force (IAF) and United Arab Emirates Air Force
(UAEAF).
• Pitch Black is a biennial three-week multilateral air combat training exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Air
Force (RAAF). Indian Air Force Participated For the First time in 2018.
• Desert Knight-21 is joint Air Force Exercise between Indian Air Force (IAF) and French Air and Space Force.

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ARMY EXERCISE
• Agni Warrior is a joint military exercise conducted by India and Singapore.
• The India-Sri Lanka Joint Exercise is MITRA SHAKTI. In 2017 it starts in Aundh Military Station, Pune. The exercise
is based on Counter Terrorist Operations and an Infantry company from both the countries is participating in the
same.
• Shakti is a joint military exercise conducted by India and France.
• Nomadic Elephant is a joint military exercise conducted by India and Mongolia in the southern Indian state of
Karnataka. The idea is to hone skills in counter-insurgency operations and increase synergy between the two armies.
• Yudh Abhyas is a bilateral military exercise hosted by the Indian and U.S. Armies.
• Surya Kiran is a joint military exercise conducted by India and Nepal in the western part of the Himalayan country,
focusing on counter-terrorism and forest fighting operations.
• Lamitye is a bilateral military exercise between Indian Army and Seychelles.
• A fourteen day joint training exercise “PRABAL DOSTYK is between the Indian Army and the Kazakhstan Army.
The joint exercise is aimed at enhancing the military ties between the two countries as also at achieving
interoperability between the two armies.
• The joint military exercise Al-Nagah-II 2017 between India and Oman began in the Dhauladhar Ranges in Bakloh
belt of Himachal Pradesh.
• The Combined Military exercise 'Ajeya Warrior'is between India and the UK.In 2017 it was held at Mahajan Field
Firing Range near Bikaner of Rajasthan.
• SAMPRITI is an important bilateral defence cooperation endeavour between India and Bangladesh. The exercise is
aimed at strengthening and broadening the aspects of interoperability and cooperation between the Indian and
Bangladesh Armies while working together in a counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism environment under the
UN mandate.
• Khanjar is a joint military exercise conducted by India and Kyrgyzstan.
• Bold Kurukshetra is a joint military exercise conducted by The Indian Army and Singapore Armed Forces (SAF).
• Vajra Prahar is a joint military exercise conducted by The India Army and the US Army.
• GARUDA SHAKTI is conducted as part of military diplomacy between Indian and Indonesian Army alternatively in
India and Indonesia respectively. The exercise is conducted on a reciprocal basis and its first edition was conducted
in the year 2012 in India.
• Hand-in-Hand is the annual exercise between the Indian Army and the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA).
• A joint military training exercise Maitree between Indian Army and Royal Thailand Army
• The EKUVERIN is military exercise between India and Maldives. In 2017 it was held in India in Belagavi, Karnataka.
The aim of the exercise was to conduct military training between armies of both countries with emphasis on counter
insurgency, counter terrorism operations (CICT Ops).
• India-Maldives-Sri Lanka Joint Coast Guard exercise is DOSTI.
• Armies of India & Vietnam participated in the joint military exercise in Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh. It is named as
‘VINBAX’ is the first military exercise between the two countries.
• American & Japanese military forces launched joint exercise named Iron Fist.
• South Korea & USA launched their largest-ever joint aerial drills called Vigilant Ace.
• UAE Armed Forces along with the UK, US & French armies are participating in joint exercises in Abu Dhabi. The drill
code is named as “Flag4”.
• Defence of Andaman & Nicobar Islands Exercise (DANX) was conducted under the aegis of Andaman & Nicobar
Command.
• International Multilateral Maritime Search & Rescue Exercise 2017 (IMMSAREX 2017) held in Cox Bazar, Bangladesh.
Admiral Sunil Lanba, Chief of the Naval Staff of Indian Navy, is attending the exercise.
• A 45-member contingent of the Indian Air Force left for Israel to participate in exercise ‘Blue Flag-17’. Blue Flag is a
bi-annual multilateral exercise which aims to strengthen military cooperation amongst participating nations.
• The joint coastal security exercise is ‘Sagar Kavach’ by Indian coast guard for coastal security.
• Army personnel of India & Bangladesh are going to take part in a joint training exercise 'Sampriti-7' in Meghalaya &
Mizoram. This is the 7th edition of the joint training exercise.

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• The air forces of China & Pakistan conducted joint training exercise named "Shaheen VI" & deployed their latest
fighter jets & AWACS aircraft.
• US & UAE's ground forces conducted a joint military exercise in Abu Dhabi, as part of efforts to consolidate their
bilateral relations & exchange training & military expertise. Code-named Iron Union 5, the drill is an extension of a
series of Iron Claw exercises.
• The joint exercise DRUZBA 2017 between special forces of Pakistan & Russia Armies conducted in Minralney Vody,
Russia.
• Indian Army's Southern Command conducted exercise 'Hamesha Vijayee' in the deserts of Rajasthan to evaluate the
capability of the armed forces to strike deep into the enemy territory in an integrated air-land battle.

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Chapter
12 Festival in India
Andhra Pradesh
• Sri Venkateswara Swami vari Brahmotsavam or Srivari Brahmotsavam is the most important annual festival
celebrated at Sri Venkateswara Temple in Tirumala-Tirupati of Chittoor District in Andhra Pradesh, India.
• Ugadi is the New Year's Day for the people of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Maharashtra, states in India.
• The Deccan Festival brings the spirit of Hyderabad city to life. The festival is organized every year by the department
of tourism of Andhra Pradesh.
Arunchal Pradesh
• Solung is 5-day long agro-based festival is celebrated every year by the Adi tribe in the first week of September in
Arunachal Pradesh.
• Marking the start of spring and the first day of the lunar calendar, Losar is a popular festival of Arunachal Pradesh. It
is celebrated by the people of Monpa Tribe who are said to be inhabitants of Arunachal Pradesh since 500 BC.
• Murung is the Festival of Prosperity, celebrated by the Apatanis of Lower Subansiri district in Arunachal Pradesh,
India.
• Reh is one of the most important festival of the Idu Mishmis who believe that they are the children of the divine mother
'Nanyi Inyitaya'. The Reh festival is generally celebrated for 3 days from 01st to 03rd Feb every year in Arunachal
Pradeh.
• The Mopin Festival is an agricultural festival celebrated by the Galo tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, India.
• Boori Boot is a popular festival exclusively celebrated by the Nyishi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. This fest celebrates
the successful harvest of the year.
• Monpa festival is a very religious festival which is celebrated by Buddhists of Arunachal Pradesh.
Assam
• The Ambubachi Mela is an annual Hindu mela held at Kamakhya Temple in Guwahati, Assam.
• Bohag Bihu or Rangali Bihu also called Haat Bihu (seven Bihus) is a festival celebrated in the state of Assam and north
eastern India, and marks the beginning of the Assamese New Year.
• Bwisagu or Baisagu is one of the most popular seasonal festival of the Bodos of Assam. In Assamese language it is
called as Bihu. The Bodos call this popular festival as Baisagu, which means the start of the New Year.
• Majuli festival is celebrated on the banks of the River Luit in Majuli, Assam, which is the biggest river island in the
world.
• The Dihing Patkai Festival is a once-a-year festival held at Lekhapani in Tinsukia district of Assam.
Bihar
• Bihula is a prominent festival of eastern Bihar and is especially famous in the district of Bhagalpur.
• Chhath is an ancient Hindu Vedic festival historically native to Nepal and Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar
Pradesh.
• Madhushravani Festival or Madhu Sravani Puja is a main festival observed in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and some other
North Indian regions.
• Rajgir Dance festival is a celebration of classical dance and music that takes every year with great enthusiasm at
Rajgir in the state of Bihar.
Goa
• The week-long Fontainhas Festival of art celebrated every year in Goa.
• Sunburn is a commercial EDM (Electronic Dance Music) Festival held in India. It was previously in Vagator, Goa, India
every year, but now has been shifted to Pune. It is Asia's largest music festival.

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• Mando or Manddo is a musical form that evolved during the 19th and 20th century among Goan Catholics of Goa,
India.
• The first-ever festival in honour of the Goan mud instrument, Ghumot, is being held at Siridao beach.
• Chikal Kalo is a local Goan festival – one of the many that you see only in Goa. It is celebrated on the 12th day of the
month of Ashadh that roughly falls in 2nd or 3rd week of July.
Gujarat
• The International Kite Festival is regarded as one of the biggest festivals celebrated. Months before the festival, homes
in Gujarat begin to manufacture kites for the festival.
• The Saptak Annual Festival of Music is an annual thirteen-day Indian classical music festival held in Ahmedabad,
Gujarat.
Jammu &Kashmir
• Dosmoche is a festival celebrated in Ladakh, India. It is celebrated in Leh, Likir and Diskit monasteries.
• Matho Nagrang or the festival of the oracles is one such monastic festival in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir.
• Hemis Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery (gompa) of the Drukpa Lineage, located in Hemis, Ladakh, India.
• Galdan Namchot is a festival celebrated in Ladakh, India.
Jharkhand
• Sarhul festival is one of the most popular festival celebrated across the Jharkhand region. 'Sar' refers to Year and
'Hul' means set to begin. Sarhul means worship of trees.
• RaniKarma Puja, one of the most popular festivals of Jharkhand is related to the harvest and a tribute to the Karam
tree. This tree symbolises fertility, prosperity and everything that is auspicious.
• Jharkhand Hal Punhya Festival is a local tribal festival which begins with the fall of winter. The first day of Magha
month, known as”Akhain Jatra” or ”Hal Punhya”.
• Rohin is a popular festival, which is celebrated in Jamshedpur of East Singhbhum District, Jharkhand. It marks the
beginning of sowing seeds in the field.
• Bandana is one of the most famous festivals celebrated during the black moon month of Kartik (Kartik Aamavashya).
This festival is mainly for the animals and celebrated in Jharkhand.
Karnataka
• Pattadakkal Dance Festival is an annual dance festival which is held annually in Pattadakkal, a small town located
in the southern state of Karnataka, India.
Kerala
• Onam is an annual Hindu festival with origins in the state of Kerala in India.
• The annual Vaikathashtami festival of Vaikom Kottayam in Kerala, India.
• Vishu,"Bisu sankramana" in Arebhashe dialect is the astronomical new year festival celebrated in the Indian state
of Kerala.
Madhya Pradesh
• Khajuraho dance festival, organised by the Madhya Pradesh Kala Parishad, is a one-week festival of classical dances
held annually against the spectacular backdrop of the magnificently lit Khajuraho temples in Chhatarpur district of
Madhya Pradesh state in central India.
• Pachmarhi Utsav in Madhya Pradesh is a popular festival.
Maharashtra
• Kalidas Festival is an important festival of Maharashtra, usually held in Ramtek, Nagpur. It is celebrated in the honour
of great Indian poet Kalidas.
• Gudhi Padva is a spring-time festival that marks the traditional new year for Marathi Hindus. It is celebrated in
Maharashtra on the first day of the Chaitra month.

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Manipur
• Yaosang is a festival celebrated in Manipur for five days in spring, starting on the full moon day of the month of
Lamda (February–March).
• 'Chavang-Kut', the autumn post-harvest festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm by the Kuki, Chin and Mizo tribes
in the hill districts of Manipur.
Meghalaya
• Nongkrem Dance is famous religious dance festival of Meghalaya, celebrated in the month of November in North East
India.
• Wangala Festival of Meghalaya is a most popular festival among the Garos of Meghalaya, India.
• Ahaia is a winter festival that was planned to boost culture and heritage of tribes living in the Garo Hills region of
Meghalaya.
Mizoram
• The Chapchar Kut is a festival of Mizoram, India. It is celebrated during March after completion of their most arduous
task of Jhum operation i.e., jungle-clearing.
Nagaland
• The Hornbill Festival is a celebration held every year from 1 - 10 December, in Nagaland, Northeast India. It is also
called the 'Festival of Festivals'.
• The Moatsü Mong festival is celebrated by the Ao people of Nagaland, India. Moatsü is celebrated in the first week
of May every year.
Odisha
• Konark Dance Festival is a five day dance festival held every year in the month of December mostly from 1 to 5 in
backdrop of the Sun temple in Konark, Odisha in India.
Punjab
• Lohri is a popular winter time Punjabi folk festival, celebrated primarily by Sikhs and Hindus from the Punjab region
of Indian subcontinent.
• Baisakhi, also known as Vaisakhi, is the harvest festival of Punjab. The name originates from 'Baisakh', the first month
according to the Bikram Sambat Hindu calendar.
Rajasthan
• Gangaur is a festival celebrated in the Indian state of Rajasthan and some parts of Gujarat, West Bengal, Madhya
Pradesh and Telangana.
• Bundi Festival is a cultural festival held in Bundi city of Hadoti district of Rajasthan.
• The Jaisalmer Desert Festival is an annual event that take place in February month in the beautiful city Jaisalmer. It
is held in the Hindu month of Magh (February), three days prior to the full moon.
• Brij Mahotsav is a festival that is celebrated for three days in Shukla paksha of Phalgun. It is celebrated in the Brij
region, located in the Bharatpur district, Rajasthan in the month of March.
• The Matsya Festival is one of the most popular and important festivals of Rajasthan and is held in Alwar and is known
for showcasing the rich social and cultural heritage of the region.
Sikkim
• Saga Dawa Festival is one of the most popular and biggest festivals of Sikkim.
Tamil Nadu
• Thae Pongal is a harvest festival dedicated to the Sun God. It is a four-day festival which according to the Tamil
calendar is usually celebrated from January 14 to January 17. Thai Pongal is one of the most important festivals
celebrated by Tamil people in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

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• Thaipusam or Thaipoosam is a festival celebrated by the Tamil community on the full moon in the Tamil month of
Thai.
• Jallikattu is a tradition practiced to worship cattle stock, celebrated during the festival of Pongal, mainly in Tamil
Nadu.
• Natyanjali Dance Festival is celebrated in Chidambaram near Chennai.
Telangana
• Bonalu or Goddess Mahankali bonalu is a Hindu Festival, Goddess Mahakali is worshiped. Bonalu is an annual
festival of Telangana celebrated in Twin Cities Hyderabad, Secunderabad and other parts of Telangana, India.
Tripura
• Kharchi puja is a Hindu festival from Tripura, India. Performed in Agartala in July or August, the festival involves the
worship of the fourteen gods forming the dynasty deity of the Tripuri people.
Uttar Pradesh
• Kumbh Mela or Kumbha Mela, inscribed on the UNESCO's Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity, is a mass Hindu pilgrimage of faith in which Hindus gather to bathe in a sacred or holy river. Traditionally,
four fairs are widely recognized as the Kumbh Melas: the Haridwar Kumbh Mela, the Allahabad Kumbh Mela, the
Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha, and Ujjain Simhastha.
• Taj Mahotsav is an annual 10-day event at Shilpgram in Agra, India. This festival invokes the memories of the old
Mughal era and nawabi style prevalent in Uttar Pradesh in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Uttarakhand
• Ganga Dussehra, also known as Gangavataran, is a Hindu festival celebrating the avatarana (descent) of the Ganges.
Ganga Dussehra is observed by Hindus mainly in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, and West Bengal,
where the river flows.
West Bengal
• Nandikar's National Theatre Festival was started in 1984. It is arranged annually in Kolkata, India, between 16 and
25 December.

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Chapter
13 First in India (Male)

• Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India, in office from 1950 to 1962.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India.
• Lord Lewis Mountbatten was the first Governor-General of independent India (1947–48).
• Chakravarti Rajgopalachari was the First Indian Governor General of the country.
• Kodandera Madappa Cariappa was the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India.
• Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw (S.H.F.J. Manekshaw) was the first Indian Army officer to be
promoted to the rank of field marshal.
• Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the first Vice President of India.
• Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel India's first home minister and also the first deputy prime minister.
• Sir R. K. Shanmukham Chetty was an Indian lawyer, economist and politician who served as independent India's
first finance minister from 1947 to 1949.
• V. Narahari Rao was served as the first Comptroller and Auditor General of India from 1948 to 1954.
• Dharamnath Prasad Kohli (D.P Kohli) was the founder Director of the CBI, India's Central Investigation Agency. He
held office from 1 April 1963 to 31 May 1968.
• Sir Osborne Arkell Smith was the first Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, a post he held from 1 April 1935 to 30
June 1937.
• Morarji Desai was the first Non-Congress Prime-Minister of India.
• Warren Hastings was the first Governor General of Bengal.
• Rakesh Sharma the first Indian to go into space.
• Satyendranath Tagore was the first Indian to join the Indian Civil Service.
• Mihir Sen was a long distance swimmer, best known for being the first Indian to conquer the English Channel from
Dover to Calais in 1958.
• Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first Indian to won Raman-Magsaysay awardee.
• Rabindra Nath Tagore was first Indian to won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• C. V. Raman was first Indian to won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
• Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was the first president of Indian National Congress.
• Sukumar Sen was an Indian civil servant who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India, serving from 21
March 1950 to 19 December 1958.
• Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh was the first Indian Chairman in International Court.
• Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was the first Foreigner awardee of Bharat Ratna.
• Dr. Syed Zahuv Quasim was the first Leader of the Indian Antarctica Mission.
• Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured Bharat Ratna Awardee posthumously.
• G. Sankara Kurup better was the first winner of the Jnanpith Award, India's highest literary award. He won the prize
in 1965 for his collection of poems in Malayalam Odakkuzhal.
• Dr P Venugopal, head of the cardiothoracic centre in the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), leads a team
of doctors in carrying out the first successful heart transplant in the country.
• Devi Ram was the first heart transplant patient of India.
• Justice Rangnath Mishra was the first chairman of the National Human Rights Commission of India.
• Dadabhai Naoroji campaigned for Indian causes and was the first Indian Member of Parliament elected to the UK
House of Commons.
• Robert clive was the first one to get assigned to the post of Governor of Bengal.
• Zakir Husain was the first Muslim President of Indian Republic.
• James Augustus Hicky was an Irishman who launched the first printed newspaper in Asia.
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• Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military decoration.
• Fa-hien was the first Chinese pilgrim to visit India.
• Agni was the first medium range missile.
• Prithvi is the first Indian missile.
• Tarapur is the first nuclear centre in India.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University is the first open university in India.
• P.V.Narasimha Rao was the India first lok Sabha member to be elected with a record maximum number of votes .
• Hawkins was the first to visit India by British East India Company.
• First Asian Games organized in Delhi.
• Sukumar Sen was an Indian civil servant who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India.
• Sherpa Phu Dorji was the first Indian to summit Mt. Everest without oxygen.
• Dr. Amartya Sen is the first Indian recipient of Nobal prize in Economics.
• J.R.D.Tata was the first Indian Pilot.
• Lt.Ram Charan was the first Indian to reach Antarctica.
• Morarji Desai was the first India Prime Minister to resign from office.
• Dr. Zakir Hussain was the first President of India to die in office.
• Nawang Gombu was the first Man to climb Mt.Everest twice.
• Col.I.K.Bajaj was the first Indian to reach the South Pole.
• Bhanu Athaiya was the first Indian recipient of Oscar Award.
• Dwight David Eisenhower was the first American President to visit India.
• Harold Mc Millon was the first British Prime Minister to visit India.
• Ruskin Bond was the first Indian author to get Anderson Award.
• Wilson Jones was the first Indian to win World Billiards Trophy.
• Santosh George was the first Indian Space Tourist.
• K.D. Jadhav, who had created history by winning a bronze medal in wrestling at the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki Capital
of Finland.
• Kumar Ram Narain Karthikeyan is a racing driver who was the first Formula One driver from India.
• Viswanathan Anand became India's first grandmaster in 1988.
• Virender Sehwag is the first Indian batsman to score a triple century in test cricket.
• Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav was the first individual athlete from India to win a medal at the Olympics.
• Cottari Kanakaiya(CK) Nayudu, was the first captain of the Indian cricket team in Test matches.
• Sachin Tendulkar became the first player to score 10,000 runs in ODIs.

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Chapter
14 First in India (Female)

• Reita Faria Powell, the first Indian to wear the Miss World crown in 1966.
• M. Fathima Beevi became the first female judge to be a part of the Supreme Court of India.
• Sarojini Naidu was the first female to become the governor of a free India.
• Shanno Devi was an Indian politician and a member of the Indian National Congress from the state of Punjab. She
was the first woman speaker of a State Assembly in India.
• Raziya Sultana the only female ever to rule the Delhi Sultanate.
• Kiran Bedi is the first woman to join the Indian Police Service.
• Sucheta Kriplani was India's first woman Chief Minister, serving as the head of the Uttar Pradesh.
• Rajkumari Amrita Kaur was the first health minister of India.
• Annie Besant was the first Woman President of Indian National Congress (INC).
• Nirja Bhanot became the youngest women recipient of India's highest peacetime gallantry, the Ashok Chakra Award.
• Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was the first Indian Woman Ambassador at United Nation.
• Arati Saha was the first Indian Woman to swim across English Channel.
• Bachendri Pal is an Indian mountaineer, who in 1984 became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount
Everest.
• Santosh Yadav is an Indian mountaineer. She is the first woman in the world to climb Mount Everest twice.
• Sushmita Sen is the first Indian Woman to become Miss Universe.
• Ashapoorna Devi was the first Indian Woman to get Jnanpith Award.
• Sania Mirza is the first Indian woman to win WTA Title.
• Durba Banerjee was the first pilot of Indian Airlines.
• Kamaljeet Sandhu is the first Indian woman athlete to win gold medal at any Asian games.
• Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman President of Indian National Congress (INC).
• Suzanna Arundhati Roy is the first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize.
• M. S. Subbulakshmi was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna.
• Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian woman to go into space.
• On September 19, 2000, weight lifter Karnam Malleshwari became the 1st Indian women ever to win an Olympic
medal, competing in the Sydney international convention centre.

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Chapter
List of Largest| Longest| Highest
15 in the world
• Russia is the largest country by landmass.
• China is the largest country by Population.
• Asia is the largest continent by area.
• The Sahara is the largest hot desert.
• The Amazon basin is the largest tropical rainforest in the world.
• Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is the largest and deepest canyon in China as well as the entire world.
• The Sunderbans Delta is a river delta in the Bengal region of the South Asia, consisting of Bangladesh and the Indian
state of West Bengal. It is the world's largest delta.
• Greenland is the world’s largest island.
• Hudson Bay (Canada) is the largest bay in the world in terms of total shoreline. Bay of Bengal is the largest bay in
the world in terms of total area.
• Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula of world. It is located in middle-east and comprises of 7 countries
including Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar.
• Tamu massif has been considered the largest volcano on Earth.
• Philippine Sea is the largest sea in the world.
• The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean in the world. All of the world's continents could fit into the Pacific
basin.
• The Grand Canal, known to the Chinese as the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the
longest as well as one of the oldest canal or artificial river in the world and total length of the Grand Canal is 1,776 km.
• The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River located in Yiling District, Yichang,
Hubei province, China. The Three Gorges Dam is the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity
(22,500 MW).
• Masjid al-Haram is the largest mosque in the world. Located in the city of Mecca.
• Library of Congress Built in 1800 in Washington, D.C., it's the largest library in the world in both shelf space and
number of books.
• The Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France.
• The Spring Temple Buddha is the world's largest statue, and has been listed in the Guinness World Records. It stands
128 metres (420 feet) tall from the base of the lotus pedestal.
• World's largest bell sits on the grounds of the Kremlin in Moscow.
• Shanghai city is the largest city in the world by population.
• The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is the longest coral reef in the world.
• Lake Kariba is the world's largest man-made lake by volume.
• The Istana Nurul Iman (Brunei) holds the title as the "world's largest residential palace".
• Jupiter, the largest planet in our Solar System.
• The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland water body.
• The Gulf of Mexico is the largest gulf in the world.
• Malay Archipelago (between mainland Indochina and Australia), largest group of islands in the world.
• The Rungrado May Stadium, also known as the May Day Stadium is the largest stadium in the world, located in
Pyongyang, North Korea.
• The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace is the largest church in the world.
• Angkor Wat is the biggest temple complex in the world, located in Cambodia.
• India is the world's largest democracy in the world.
• Greenland National Park is the world's largest national park.

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List of Longest in world
• The Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge (164.8 km) is the world's longest bridge.The bridge is located on the rail line
between Shanghai and Nanjing in East China's Jiangsu province.
• Hirakud Dam, built in 1957, is the longest man-made dam in the world.
• The Trans-Siberian Railway (the Moscow-Vladivostok line), spanning a length of 9,289km, is the longest and one of
the busiest railway lines in the world.
• The Laerdal Tunnel is a 24.51-kilometre-long road tunnel. It is the longest road tunnel in the world.
• The Andes of South America forms the longest mountain chain in the world, stretching for an estimated distance of
7,000 km.
• Nile river is the longest river in the world at (6,695 kilometers).
• Straits of Malacca The longest Strait in the world. Straits of Malacca is a funnel-shaped narrow waterway of 800 km
long that connects the South China Sea and the Andaman Sea. The Strait of Malacca is running between Peninsular
Malaysia, southern Thailand and Sumatra (Indonesia).
• June 21 is the longest day of the year.
• The Great Wall of China is the longest wall in the world.
• The Gulf of Mexico, bordered by the United States, Mexico, and the island nation of Cuba, is the world’s largest gulf.
It has a coastline of about 5,000 kilometers.
• The Boeing 747-8 the longest passenger aircraft in the world.
List of Highest in world

• The highest mountain peak in the world is Mount Everest. Its peak rises to 8,848 m.
• Angel Falls in Venezuela is the highest waterfall in the world. The falls are 3230 feet in height, with an uninterrupted
drop of 2647 feet.
• Lake Titicaca, at an elevation of 12,507 feet (3,812 meters) in the Andean Altiplano, is the highest elevation lake in
the world.
• Daocheng Yading Airport in China is the world's highest airport by elevation (4,411 m).
• The tallest dam in the world is the Jinping-I Dam, an arch dam in China at 305 m (1,001 ft). \
• La Paz Capital of Bolivia is the highest capital city in the world.
• La Rinconada is a small city in Altiplano, Peru. It is known for being the highest permanent city of the world at a
height of 5,100m.
• The Tibetan Plateau is the largest and highest plateau in the world.
• The highest active volcano in the world is Ojos del Salado on the Chile-Argentina border in the Central Andes. It rises
to 6887 m.

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Chapter List of Longest | Largest | Heighest
16 | Smallest in India
List of Longest in India
• National Highway 44 (NH 44) is the longest-running north–south National Highway in India. It starts from Srinagar
and terminates in Kanyakumari.
• The Ganga is the longest river of India. It originates from Gangotri Glacier (Uttarakhand). Main stream of the river
begins at the confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers at Devprayag (Uttarakhand).
• The Hirakud Dam is the longest major earthen dam in India. It is built across the Mahanadi River, state of Odisha in
India.
• The Indira Gandhi Canal is one of the largest canal projects in India. It starts from the Harike Barrage at Harike and
terminates in irrigation facilities in the Thar Desert in the north west of Rajasthan state.
• The Dhola–Sadiya Bridge also known as the Bhupen Hazarika Setu (connecting the northeast states of Assam and
Arunachal Pradesh) is the longest bridge in India.
• Ramanathaswamy temple corridor has the longest corridor among all Hindu temples in India.
• The longest railway platforms are Gorakhpur railway station, Uttar Pradesh.
• Chenani-Nashri Tunnel, also known as Patnitop Tunnel (in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir on NH 44) is
India's longest road tunnel.
• Vivek Express covers the longest train route in India. It originates in northern Assam and goes all the way to the
southern tip of India to Kanyakumari.
• Pir Panjal Range of Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir is the longest railway tunnel of India.
• Gujarat has the longest mainland coastline in India.
• Godavari is the longest and biggest river in South India.
• Marina Beach is longest natural urban beach in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
• Siachen Glacier is the largest glacier in India. Thus the name Siachen refers to a land with an abundance of roses.
• The longest natural cave in India, Krem Liat Prah caves in the Shnongrim Ridge of the Jaintia Hills.
List of Largest in India

• Rajasthan is the largest state in India.
• Sonepur Cattle fair is the biggest cattle fair of Asia.
• Sri Shanmukhananda Hall in Mumbai is the largest auditorium in India.
• Thar Desert is the largest desert in India.
• The Largest cave temple of India is Kailash Temple, Ellora (Maharashtra).
• Jama Masjid is the largest mosque in India and one of the largest mosques in Asia.
• Sundarban is the largest delta in India.
• Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park is one of the largest zoo parks in Asia.
• The Indian Museum in Kolkata, also referred to as the Imperial Museum at Calcutta in British India era texts, is the
largest and oldest museum in India.
• Gol Gumbaz, situated in Bijapur district of Karnataka, is the largest dome in India.
• State Bank of India is the largest public sector banks in India.
• Amarnath Cave in Jammu & Kashmir is the largest cave in India.
• The Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) is the largest gurudwara in India. It is located in Amritsar, Punjab, India.
• St. Cathedral Church reckoned as one of the largest churches in India. This church was built in order to reveal the
victory of Portuguese under a Muslim army, which led to the capture of the city of Goa.
• Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar is located around the southern part Sonebhadra, Uttar Pradesh is India's largest artificial
lake.
• Majuli replaced Brazil's Marajo to become the world's largest river island.

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• Birla Planetarium in Kolkata is touted to be the largest planetarium in Asia.
• The National Library of India situated in Kolkata is the largest library in India.
• Andaman & Nicobar Islands is a group of 572 islands and the largest union territory in India.
• Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover (More than 30% of its) area is under forest cover.
• India's largest brackish water (partially saline) lake- Chilka lake.
• India's largest inland salt-water lake- Sambhar lake.
List of Highest in India

• Tehri Dam of Uttarakhand is the highest dam in India.
• Ghum railway station of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is the highest railway station in India.
• The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.
• The Param Vir Chakra is India's highest military decoration awarded for the highest degree of valour or self-sacrifice
in the presence of the enemy during wartime.
• Tso Lhamo lake is the highest lakes in the India. It is situated in North Sikkim.
• Kunchikal Falls is the highest waterfall in India located in Shimoga district of state Karnataka.
• Mawsynram receives the highest rainfalls in India.
• The Leh-Manali Highway is the highest roads in India.
• Buland Darwaza is the highest gateway in India.
• The Leh Airport is also known as Kushok Bakula Rimpochee airport is the highest altitude airport in India.
• Mumbai is the highest populous city of India.
• Uttar Pradesh (UP) is the highest populous state in India.
• Qutub Minar is the tallest brick minaret in India and world also.
• The Fateh Burj is the tallest Minar in India situated in Nagar district, Punjab.
List of Smallest in India

• Goa is India's smallest state by area.
• Sikkim is India's smallest state by Population.
• Lakshadweep is India's smallest Union territory (by Area).
• Haryana is smallest state (by forest area).
• National Highway 47A, which starts from NH 47 at Kundannur, is the shortest highway in India. It has a length of 6
Km in total.
• Arvari river is a small river in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It just have 90 km of length and it also consider as the
smallest river of India and flows through the Arvari District of Rajasthan.
• Smallest Parliamentary Constituency by Area - Chandni Chowk (Delhi)- 10.59 sq. km.
• Smallest Parliamentary Constituency by population – Lakshadweep.
• Dhai seedhi mosque in Bhopal is the smallest Mosque in India.
• South Button Island National Park in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is the smallest National Park with the total
area of 2 square miles.
• Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere reserve in Assam is smallest Biosphere reserve in India.

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Chapter
17 Organisation in India
NEW DELHI
• The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) is one of the apex trade associations
of India. ASSOCHAM was established in 1920 by promoter chambers, representing all regions of India. The
Association's head office is located in New Delhi and regional offices are located in the cities of Ahmedabad,
Bengaluru, and Kolkata.
• The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was established by the Government of India in 1942 is an
autonomous body that has emerged as the largest research and development organization in India. It li located in New
Delhi.
• The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is an authority, established by Article 148 of the Constitution
of India, which audits all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the state governments. It is located
in New Delhi
• Competition Commission of India was established on 14 October 2003. It became fully functional in May 2009 with
Dhanendra Kumar as its first Chairman and its headquarters in New Delhi.
• The Central Board of Direct Taxes is a statutory authority functioning under the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963.
Its headquarter in New Delhi.
• The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the premier investigating agency of India, which was set up in 1941 by
the government. The CBI headquarters are located at Lodhi Road in New Delhi.
• The Central Statistics Office (CSO) is a governmental agency in India. The CSO was set up in the cabinet secretariat
on 2 May 1951.The CSO is located in New Delhi.
• The Central Pollution Control Board was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1974. CPCB has its head office in New Delhi.
• The Chief Economic Adviser (CEA) is the economic advisor to the Government of India. Its headquarter in New
Delhi.
• The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is an agency of the Republic of India, charged with
the military's research and development, headquartered in New Delhi, India and it was formed in 1958.
• The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) is an association of business organizations
in India and established in 1927. It is headquartered in the national capital New Delhi.
• The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has its headquarter in New Delhi.
• The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has its headquarter in New Delhi and established in 1929.
• The Medical Council of India was first established in 1934 under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1933. Its
headquarter in New Delhi.
• The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) was established in 1988. Its
headquartered in New Delhi.
• The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is an autonomous organization of the
Government of India that was established on 1 September 1961. Its headquarters are located at Sri Aurbindo Marg in
New Delhi.
• National Security Council was established by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government on 19 November 1998. Its
• National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) was set up in 2001 as a non profit
company under Ministry of Tribal Affairs. Its headquarter in New Delhi.
• National Backward Classes Finance & Development Corporation (NBCFDC) was incorporated 13 January 1992
as a nonprofit company under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. Its headquarter in New Delhi.
• The National Sample Survey (NSS), initiated in the year 1950 and its headquarter in New Delhi.
• The National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB), established by
Government of India in 1982 is an institutional mechanism. Its headquarter in New Delhi.

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• The National Research Development Corporation was established by Attlee's Labour government in 1948. Its
• National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board (NAEB) was set up in August 1992 for promoting the
Afforestation, tree planting, ecological restoration and ecodevelopment activities in the country. Its headquarter in
New Delhi.
• National Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation (NHFDC) was set up in January 1997 as a nonprofit
company under Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. Its headquarter in New Delhi.
• The Press Council of India was first set up on 4 July 1964 by the Parliament to regulate the press in India. Its
• Press Trust of India (PTI) is the largest news agency in India. It is headquartered in New Delhi and founded 27
August 1947.
• The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW or RAW) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. It was established in
1968 and its headquartered in New Delhi.
• The Sports Authority of India is an apex National Sports body set up in 1984 by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and
Sports of Government of India for the development of sport in India. Its headquarter in New Delhi.
• Telecom Regulatory authority of India was established on 20 February 1997 and its headquarter in New Delhi.
• The University Grants Commission of India (UGC India) is a statutory body set up by the Indian Union government
in accordance to the UGC Act 1956 under Ministry of Human Resource Development. Its headquarters is in New Delhi.
• The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is a business association in India. Founded in 1895 and its headquarters
in New Delhi.
• The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. is a public sector general insurance company of India. The headquarters of
the company is located in New Delhi and its was incorporated on 12 September 1947.
• The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) was established on 1 July 1949 and its headquarter in New
Delhi.
• Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), commonly known as Indian Oil is an Indian state-owned oil and gas company
with registered office at Mumbai and primarily headquartered in New Delhi and founded in 1964.
• The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is a quasi-judicial body in India that adjudicates issues relating to
Indian companies. The NCLT was established under the Companies Act 2013 and was constituted on 1 June 2016 by
the Modi government. Its headquarter in New Delhi.
• National Housing Bank (NHB), a wholly owned subsidiary of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), was set up on 9 July 1988
under the National Housing Bank Act, 1987. The Head Office of NHB is at New Delhi.
• National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) is a company incorporated under the Companies Act 1956.
The headquarters of the company is situated at New Delhi.
• Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is an Indian state-owned steel making company based in New Delhi, India.
• Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is an Indian state-owned telecommunications company headquartered in New
Delhi. It was incorporated on 15 September 2000.
MAHARASHTRA
• The Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) established in 1948 and its headquarter in Nagpur.
• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is an apex development financial institution in
India, headquartered at Mumbai with branches all over India. NABARD was established on the recommendations of
B.Sivaraman Committee, (by Act 61, 1981 of Parliament) on 12 July 1982 to implement the National Bank for
Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981.
• The National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC) based in Mumbai is the central agency established
in 1975, to encourage high quality Indian cinema.
• The Reserve Bank of India is India's central banking institution, which controls the monetary policy of the Indian
rupee. It commenced its operations on 1 April 1935 in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The
Central Office of the RBI was established in Calcutta (now Kolkata) but was moved to Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1937.
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulator for the securities market in India. It was
established in the year 1988 and given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992. SEBI has its
headquarters in Mumbai.

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• The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is an Indian stock exchange located at Dalal Street, Mumbai. Established in 1875,
the BSE (formerly known as Bombay Stock Exchange Ltd.).
• The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) formed in 1952 and its headquarter in Mumbai.
• Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is an Indian state-owned insurance group and investment company
headquartered in Mumbai. The LIC was founded in 1956.
• The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) is the leading stock exchange of India, located in Mumbai. The
NSE was established in 1992.
• Export–Import Bank of India is the premier export finance institution in India, established in 1982 under Export-
Import Bank of India Act 1981. Its Headquarters in Mumbai, India.
• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is an Indian state-controlled Maharatna oil and gas company
headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• GIC of India (GIC Re) is a state-owned enterprise in India. GIC Re has its registered office and headquarters in Mumbai
and founded in 22 November 1972.
• The New India Assurance Co. Ltd., based in Mumbai, Maharashtra is a public sector general insurance company of
India. It was founded by Sir Dorabji Tata in 1919, was nationalized in 1973.
• Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is an Indian state-owned oil and natural gas company with its
headquarters at Mumbai, Maharashtra. HPCL was established in 1974.
• Indian Banks' Association (IBA), formed on 26 September 1946 as a representative body of management of banking
in India operating in India - an association of Indian banks and financial institutions based in Mumbai.
UTTARAKHAND
• The Survey of India is India's central engineering agency in charge of mapping and surveying. Set up in 1767 and its
headquartered at Dehradun.
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) is an Indian multinational oil and gas company headquartered in
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. ONGC was founded on 14 August 1956 by Government of India.
WEST BENGAL
• The Geological Survey of India (GSI), founded in 1851, is a Government of India Ministry of Mines Organization. Its
headquarter in Kolkata.
• National Insurance Company Limited (NICL) is a state owned general insurance company in India. The company
headquartered at Kolkata was established in 1906 and nationalized in 1972.
TELANGANA
• The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) headquarter in Hyderabad, Telangana,
where it moved from Delhi in 2001. It was constituted by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act,
1999, an Act of Parliament passed by the Government of India.
KARNATAKA
• The Indian Space Research Organization is the space agency of the Government of India headquartered in the city
of Bangalore and formed in 1969.
TAMIL NADU
• United India Insurance Company was incorporated on 18 February 1938, and was nationalized in 1972. Its
headquarters in Chennai, India.
ODISHA
• National Aluminium Company Limited, abbreviated as NALCO, has units in Odisha at places like Angul and
Damanjodi. It was incorporated as a public-sector enterprise of the Ministry of Mines, Government of India in 1981.
UTTAR PRADESH
• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) is the principal development financial institution in India
headquartered at Lucknow with branches all over India. Set up on April 2, 1990 through an Act of Parliament.

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Chapter
18 Hydroelectric Power Plants in India

• The Koyna Hydroelectric Project is the largest completed hydroelectric power plant in India. The project site is in
Satara district near Patan Maharashtra. The total capacity of the project is 1,960 MW.
• Hirakud Dam (Opened 1957) is built across the Mahanadi River in the state of Odisha in India. The dam helps control
floods in the Mahanadi delta and irrigates 75,000 km 2 of land. Hydroelectricity is also generated.
• The Idukki Dam (Opened 1973) is a double curvature arch dam constructed across the Periyar River in a narrow
gorge between two granite hills locally known as Kuravan and Kuravathi in Kerala, India. Dam is 554 feet (168.91
meters) tall, it is one of the highest arch dams in Asia.
• Nagarjuna Sagar Dam (Opened 1967) was built across the Krishna river at Nagarjuna Sagar which is in between
Nalgonda District Telangana state of India and Guntur District in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of
Andhra Pradesh.
• The Tehri Dam (Opened 2006) is the Highest dam in India. It is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam
on the Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand, India.
• Bhakra Nangal Dam (Opened 1963) on Satluj River located at a gorge near the upstream Bhakra village in Bilaspur
district of Himachal Pradesh of height 226 m. Its reservoir known as "Gobind Sagar".
• The Sardar Sarovar (Opened 2017) Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near Navagam, Gujarat in India. Four
Indian states, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra and Rajasthan, receive water and electricity supplied from the
dam.
• The Nathpa Jhakri Dam (Opened 2004) is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej river in Himachal Pradesh, India. The
primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and it supplies a 1,500 megawatts underground power
station with water.
• The Srisailam Dam (Opened 1981) is constructed across the Krishna River in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh near
Srisailam temple town and is the 2nd largest capacity working hydroelectric station in the country.
• The Indira Sagar Dam (Opened 2005) is a multipurpose project of Madhya Pradesh on the Narmada River at
Narmada Nagar, Mundi in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh in India. The foundation stone of the project was
laid by late Smt Indira Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India on 23 October 1983.
• The Pandoh Dam (Opened 1977) is an embankment dam on the Beas River in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh,
India.
• Kalinadi Nagjhari Hydroelectric Power Plant located at Kalinadi river Karnataka India.
• Teesta-V Power Station is a run of the river scheme with diurnal storage to harness the hydro power potential of
river Teesta for peaking during the lean season and is located in the state of Sikkim. The project comprises of 88.6 m
high Concrete Gravity Dam.
• Baira-Siul Power Station is a major step towards harnessing hydroelectric potential in Himachal Pradesh. It
envisages utilization of the combined inflow of three tributaries of the Ravi river, namely Baira, Siul and Bhaledh for
generation of power on run-of-the-river basis. The project headquarter is at Surangani.
• Salal Dam, also known as Salal Hydroelectric Power Station (Opened 1987) is a run-of-the-river power project on
the Chenab River in the Reasi district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Machkund Hydroelectric Project is located near Duduma Falls on Machkund River between the Andhra Pradesh
and Orissa Border. It is a collaborative project of Government of Andhra Pradesh and Government of Odisha.
• Balimela Hydroelectric Power Plant India is located at 35 km from Malkangiri, Orissa, India. This infrastructure is
of TYPE Hydro Power Plant with a design capacity of 510 MWe. It is operated by Orissa Hydro Power Corporation Ltd
(OHPC).
• Subarnarekha Hydroelectric Power Plant India is located at 30 km NE of Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.

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• Loktak Power Station is a multipurpose storage scheme to harness the hydro power potential of Loktak lake fed by
Khuga and Imphal river. It is located in Churachandpur district of Manipur.
• Rangit Hydroelectric Power Project Stage III, is a run-of-the-river power project on the Ranjit River, a major
tributary of the Tista River in the South Sikkim district of the Northeastern Indian state of Sikkim.
• Bansagar Dam is a multipurpose river Valley Project on Sone River situated in the Ganges Basin in Madhya Pradesh,
India with both irrigation and 435 MW of hydroelectric power generation.
• Uri Dam is a 480 MW hydroelectric power station on the Jhelum River near Uri in Baramula district of the Jammu and
Kashmir region administered by India. It is located very near to the Line of Control, the de facto border between India
and Pakistan.

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Chapter
19 Thermal Power Plants in India

• Singrauli Super Thermal Power Plant is located at Shaktinagar in Sonebhadra district in Indian state of Uttar
Pradesh. The power plant is the first power plant of NTPC. It sources coal from Jayant and Bina mines and water
from Rihand Reservoir.
• NTPC Ramagundam, a part of National Thermal Power Corporation, is a 2600 MW Power station situated at
Ramagundam in Peddapalli district in the Indian state of Telangana, India. It is the current largest power station in
South India.
• National Capital Power Station (NCPS) Or NTPC Dadri, is the power project to meet the power demand of National
Capital Region (India). It has a huge coal-fired thermal power plant and a gas-fired plant and has a small township
located in Uttar Pradesh.
• Talcher Thermal Power station is located in Talcher sub-division of Angul district in the Indian state of Odisha.
The power plant is one of the coal-based plants of NTPC.
• Korba Super Thermal Power Plant is located at Jamnipali in Korba district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The
power plant is one of the coal-based power plants of National Thermal Power Corporation.
• The Vindhyachal Thermal Power Station is located in Singrauli district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
One of the coal-fired power stations of NTPC, it is the largest power station in India, with an installed capacity of
4760 MW.
• Farakka Super Thermal Power Plant is located at Nabarun in Murshidabad district in Indian state of West Bengal.
The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of NTPC.
• Mundra Thermal Power Station or Mundra Thermal Power Project is located at Mundra in Kutch district in the
Indian state of Gujarat. The power plant is one of the coal-based power plants of Adani Power.
• Sipat Super Thermal Power Station or Rajiv Gandhi Super Thermal Power Station is located at Sipat in
Bilaspur district in state of Chhattisgarh. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of NTPC.
• Rihand Super Thermal Power Project is located at Renukut, Sonebhadra in Sonbhadra district in Indian state of
Uttar Pradesh. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of NTPC Limited.
• Vedanta Jharsuguda Power Station is a coal based thermal captive power plant located near Jharsuguda town in
Jharsuguda district in the Indian state of Odisha. The power plant is operated by the Vedanta Resources.
• Tiroda Thermal Power Station is a coal-based thermal power plant located at Tirora in Gondia district,
Maharashtra. The power plant is operated by the Adani Power.
• Anpara Thermal Power Station is located at Anpara in Sonbhadra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh,
about 180 km from Varanasi on the Varanasi - Shakti Nagar route. It has a total power-generation capacity of 3,830
MW.
• Barauni Thermal Power Station is an existing 360 megawatt coal-fired power station owned by Bihar State
Electricity Board. The power station is located at Begusarai district, Bihar, India.
• Bellary Thermal Power station is located in Kudatini Village, Bellary District in the Indian state of Karnataka. Two
coal-fired units of 500 MW each are in operation with generating capacity of 12 million units per day and a 700 MW
coal-fired unit with operation.
• Durgapur Steel Thermal Power Station is a coal-based thermal power plant located near Durgapur city in
Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The power plant is operated by the Damodar Valley
Corporation.
• Sikka Thermal Power Station is Gujarat's one of coal-fired power plant. It is located near Jamnagar which is the
major industrial town in Gujarat.
• Satpura Thermal Power Plant is located at Sarni town near Ghoradongri Railway station in Betul district of
Madhya Pradesh, India. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of MPPGCL.
• Wanakbori Thermal Power Station is a coal-fired power station in Gujarat, India. It is located on the bank of Mahi
river in Kheda district. There are seven units of each 210 MW capacity.
• Obra Thermal Power Project is 1288 MW coal fired power plant set by Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam
at Kanpur district in Uttar Pradesh.

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• Udupi Power Plant is a coal based thermal power station in Karnataka, India, established in 2008. It is located to
the north of Mangalore, It has installed capacity of 1200 MW (2x600).The plant became fully operational in
September 2012.
• Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant is a coal-fired power plant located in the Visakhapatnam district of the
Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The power plant is one of the coal fired power plants of NTPC, a Government of
India enterprise.
• Chhabra Thermal Power Plant is one of Rajasthan's coal fired power plants. It is located at Chowki Motipura of
tehsil Chhabra in Rajasthan's Baran district. The planned capacity of power plant is 2320 MW.
• Bokaro Thermal Power Station B (BTPS - B) is located at Bokaro district in Jharkhand. The First unit was
commissioned in March 1986. The station is located on the banks of the Konar River near Bokaro ‘A’ Thermal Power
Station. Entire power generated by the plant is supplied to DVC network.
• Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power Plant is situated at Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The power plant is
one of the coal based power plants of MPPGCL.
• Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station is a thermal power plant located in Chandrapur district in the Indian
state of Maharashtra. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of MAHAGENCO.
• The NSPCL Bhilai Power Plant is a coal-fired captive power station at Bhilai in Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India.
The power station is owned and operated by NSPCL is a 50:50 joint venture company of NTPC Limited and SAIL to
generate power for captive proposes of various steel plants owned by SAIL.
• The Mettur Thermal Power Station is a coal-fired electric power station located in Salem district of Tamil Nadu.
It is operated by Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited.
• Patrata Thermal Power Station is a coal-based thermal power plant located near Patratu town in Ramgarh district
in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The power plant is operated by the Jharkhand State Electricity Board.
• Rosa Power Plant is a 1,200 MW of coal based generation capacity at Rosa village in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
The power plant is being developed in two stages, with the first stage already having become commercially
operational on 12 March 2010.
• Shree Singaji Super Thermal Power Project is a coal-fired power plant located near Dongaliya village near by
Mundi of Khandwa District in Madhya Pradesh state of India. This project is owned by MPPGCL (Madhya Pradesh
Power Generating company limited).
• Ukai Thermal Power Station of the Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited, India, is a power station with an
installed capacity of 850 MW. It is one of Gujarat's major coal-fired power plants, located on the bank of the Tapi
river.
• Kaparkheda Thermal Power Station is located in Nagpur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The power
plant is one of the coal based power plants of MAHAGENCO.
• Gandhinagar Thermal Power Station is a coal-fired power station in Gujarat, India. It is located on the bank of
Sabarmati river near Gandhinagar.
• Amarkantak Thermal Power Plant is situated at Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The power plant is
one of the coal based power plants of MPPGCL.
• RattanIndia Amravati Thermal Power Project is a coal-based thermal power plant located in Nandgaonpeth
village in Amravati district Maharashtra. The power plant is operated by the RattanIndia Power Limited (formerly
Indiabulls Power Ltd(IPL)).
• The Ennore Thermal Power Station is a coal based power plant located in Chennai Ennore, Tamil Nadu. It was
constructed to serve the purpose of energy generation in the year 1970. It is one of the four major thermal power
plants of Tamil Nadu established by TANGEDCO.
• Feroze Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power Plant is located at Unchahar in Raebareli district in Indian state of Uttar
Pradesh. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of NTPC Limited.
• National Capital Thermal Power Plant, also referred to as the Dadri power station, is an 1,820-megawatt (MW)
coal- and gas-fired power station in Uttar Pradesh, India
• Hirakud Power Plant is a coal based captive thermal power plant located near Hirakud in Sambalpur district in the
Indian state of Odisha. The power plant is operated by the Hindalco Industries.
• Kota Thermal Power Plant is Rajasthan's first major coal-fired power plant. It is located on the west bank of the
Chambal River near Kota.
• Kalisindh Thermal Power Station is located in Jhalawar district, Rajasthan state in western India. The power plant
is operated by Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd.

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Banking Awareness
Chapter
20 Nuclear Power Plants in India

• Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS) is located in Narora, Bulandshahar District in Uttar Pradesh, India.
• The Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (RAPP), Located in Rawatbhata in The North Indian State of Rajasthan,
Currently Has Six Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) Units Operating With a Total Installed Capacity of
1,180MW.
• Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is a nuclear power station in India, which lies in the proximity of the city of Vyara
in the state of Gujarat. It consists of two 220 MW pressurized water reactor with heavy water as moderator.
• Kaiga Generating Station is a nuclear power generating station situated at Kaiga, near the river Kali, in Uttar Kannada
district of Karnataka, India. The plant has been in operation since March 2000 and is operated by the Nuclear Power
Corporation of India.
• Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is the single largest nuclear power station in India, situated in Koodankulam in
the Tirunelveli district of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Construction on the plant began on 31 March 2002.
It is being developed by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL).
• Madras Atomic Power Station (Kalpakkam Power Station) located at Kalpakkam about 80 kilometres south of
Chennai, India, is a comprehensive nuclear power production, fuel reprocessing, and waste treatment facility that
includes.
• Tarapur Atomic Power Station (T.A.P.S.) is located in Tarapur, Palghar, Maharashtra, India.
• Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project is a proposed 9900 MW power project of Nuclear Power Corporation of India
(NPCIL) at Madban village of Ratnagiri district in Maharashtra.
• The Gorakhpur Nuclear Power Plant or the Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana (GHAVP) is a proposed
nuclear power plant to be built on a 560 hectares (1,400 acres) area west of Gorakhpur village of Fatehabad district
of Haryana. The foundation stone of the 2800 Megawatt nuclear power plant was laid on 13 January 2014.
• Kovvada Atomic Power Project is a proposed 6,600 MW nuclear power station in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.
• The proposed NPP at Mithivirdi will be set up in Talaja Taluka, Bhavnagar district, Gujarat which is 40 km from
Bhavnagar. The project is part of the Indo-US nuclear deal signed in 2007.
• Banswara Thermal Power Station is a proposed 1320 megawatt (MW) plant which is being promoted by Rajasthan
RV Utpadan Nigam (RVUN).
• The Chutka Nuclear Power Plant is a proposed nuclear power plant to be built on a 1,200 acres area, near Chutka
Village of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh.

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Chapter
21 Research Centres of India

• The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) commonly known as Pusa Institute is situated in Delhi.
• The National Rice Research Institute is situated near Bidyadharpur village on the Cuttack, Odisha.
• Sugarcane Breeding Institute is a central research institute in Coimbatore, India. It was established in 1912.
• The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR), Lucknow was established in 1952.
• Central Potato Research Institute is an Institution of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) located in
Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.
• The Central Tobacco Research Institute was established in 1947 at Rajahmundry under the aegis of ICTC, Madras.
• The Forest Research Institute (FRI) is an institute of the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education. It is
located at Dehradun in Uttarakhand.
• Indian Lac Research Institute, is an autonomous institute, established under the umbrella of Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The Institute is located at Namkum,
Ranchi in Jharkhand.
• The National Dairy Research Institute, is located at Karnal in Haryana. The institute was accorded the status of
Deemed University in the year 1989.
• Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research(CSIR) is located at Dhanbad in Jharkhand.
• Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) is the world's largest leather research institute in terms of research
papers and patents. The institute located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu was founded on 24 April 1948.
• The Central Drug Research Institute is a multidisciplinary research laboratory in Lucknow.
• Raman Research Institute is an institute of scientific research located in Bangalore.
• Central Scientific Instruments Organization iis a national laboratory dedicated to research, design and
development of scientific and industrial instruments. It is situated in Chandigarh.
• National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML) is an Indian research center that functions under the aegis of Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research. NML is located in Jamshedpur.
• Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute is a constituent laboratory of the Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR), India. The Institute was inaugurated by Jawahar Lal Nehru on 10 April 1954 at Bhavnagar,
in Gujarat.
• The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), under the Ministry of Culture, is the premier organization for the
archaeological researches and protection of the cultural heritage of the nation. The Archaeological Survey of India is
located in New Delhi.
• Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers is a research institute on jute & allied fibre crops under the
Indian Council of Agricultural Research of Government of India. This institute is located at Barrackpore in West
Bengal.
• National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) was established by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
at Delhi in 1959 and its headquarters was later moved to Bangalore in 1960.
• The National Institute of Oceanography is an autonomous research organization in India to undertake scientific
research and studies of special oceanographic features of the Northern Indian Ocean. This institute is located at panaji
in Goa.
• The National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) is a geoscientific research organization established in 1961
under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India's largest Research and Development organization.
This institute is located in Hyderabad.
• The Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP) is one of the constituent laboratories of the Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR), dedicated to R&D in the hydrocarbon sector. This institute is located at Dehradun in
Uttarakhand.
• Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) is a constituent laboratory of India's Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research. The CRRI is located in New Delhi.

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• The Central Building Research Institute (CBRI) is a constituent establishment of Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research, India and has been vested with the responsibility of generating, cultivating and promoting building science
and technology in the service of the country. This institute is located at Roorkee in Uttarakhand.
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research is a public research institution located in Mumbai, India that is dedicated
to basic research in mathematics and the sciences.
• The High Altitude Research Laboratory was established at Gulmarg, Kashmir in 1963, on the initiative of Dr. H. J.
Bhabha, to provide the scientific community of the country a self contained high altitude / high latitude laboratory for
scientific research.
• The National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) is a research institute set up under the aegis of the Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in Lucknow. It is engaged in the field of taxonomy and modern biology.
• Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) was set up under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR). It was opened on 21 October 1950 at Mysore in Karnataka.
• Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute is under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.It focuses on
the area of glass, ceramics, mica, refractories etc. This institute is located in Kolkata.
• The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) is a research institute created and funded
by Government of India. It was established in Nagpur in 1958 with focus on water supply, sewage disposal,
communicable diseases and to some extent on industrial pollution.
• Central Electro Chemical Research Institute is located at Karaikudi in Tamil Nadu.
• Indian Institute of Chemical Biology is located in Kolkata.
• Indian Institute of Toxicology Research(IITR) is dedicated to provide health safeguards to industrial and
agricultural workers through its rich knowledgebase, created painstakingly over the years. ITRC is located in
Lucknow.
• The Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute is a public engineering research and development
institution at Durgapur in West Bengal.
• The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology is an Indian biotechnology research establishment located in
Hyderabad that operates under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.

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Chapter
Nuclear & Space Research
22 Centres in India
• The Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) a public sector enterprise of Department of Atomic Energy
(DAE), was established for mining and processing of uranium ore in India. UCIL is located in Jharkhand.
• The Atomic Energy Commission is the governing body of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of
India. Atomic Energy Commission is located in Mumbai.
• Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) is a Government of India Enterprise under the Department of
Atomic Energy, established on April 11, 1967 by A. S. Rao at Hyderabad, to create a strong indigenous base in
electronic
• The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is India's premier nuclear research facility headquartered at Trombay in
Mumbai.
• The Radio Astronomy Centre (RAC) is part of the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) of the well-known
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) which is funded by the Government of India through the Department
of Atomic Energy. The RAC is situated near Udhagamandalam (Ooty).
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research is a public research institution located in Mumbai.
• The Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics is an institution of basic research and training in physical and biophysical
sciences located at Bidhannagar in Kolkata.
• The Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC) an industrial unit of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), was established in
Hyderabad to supply nuclear fuel and reactor core components for India's entire nuclear program.
• The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) is a major space research centre of the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO), focusing on rocket and space vehicles for India's satellite programme. It is located at
Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala.
• The Indian Space Research Organization is the space agency of the Government of India headquartered in the city
of Bangalore.
• The Space Applications Centre is an institution of research in Ahmedabad under the aegis of the Indian Space
Research Organisation.
• The Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) is an Indian spaceport operated by the Indian Space
Research Organisation. It is located at Thumba (Thiruvananthapuram) in kerala.

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Chapter
Health and Medicinal Research
23 Centres in India
• The National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) is one of the research institution of Indian Council of Medical
Research under Department of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India. It is located at New Delhi.
• National Tuberculosis Institute was established at Bangalore by the Government of India.
• Indian Cancer Research Centre (ICRC) was established in Parel, Mumbai, under the purview of the Ministry of
Health, Government of India.
• Indian Veterinary Research Institute is located at Izatnagar, Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh.
• Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute is a Postgraduate Medical Institute located in New Delhi.
• Haffkine Institute is a one of the oldest biomedical research institutes in the country. It was established in 1899 and
is named after the scientist (Dr. Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine) who invented the plague vaccine. It is located at Parel
in Mumbai.
• The National Institute of Nutrition is an Indian Public health, Biotechnology and Translational research center
located in Hyderabad.
• All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health. is a pioneering Indian institute for research and training in public
health and allied sciences in Kolkata.

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Chapter
24 Solar Power Plant in India

• Charanka Solar Park is being built on a 2,000-hectare plot of land near Charanka village in Patan district, northern
Gujarat.
• The Welspun Solar MP project is a 151 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station built in Bhagwanpura village,
just south of Diken, Jawad tehsil of Neemuch district, Madhya Pradesh state, in central India.
• Mahagenco plans 125 MW solar power project in Malkhed village in Yavatmal district in Maharashtra, which will
entail an investment of Rs. 11,000 million.
• Green Energy Development Corporation of Odisha Ltd. (GEDCOL) has been incorporated under the companies
act, 1956 as a public limited company on 18.04.2013.
• Tata Power Solar, India’s largest specialized solar EPC player, has successfully commissioned the 50 MW solar
photovoltaic project for NTPC. The 50MW flagship project in Rajgarh, Madhya Pradesh, is the largest Indian solar
project to use domestically manufactured solar modules.
• Welspun Energy 50MW Rajasthan Solar Project is in Phalodhi,distt. Jodhpur Rajasthan.
• Bitta Solar Power Plant is a 40-megawatt solar power plant located in Bitta village, Gujarat, in west India.
• The Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park at Dhursar village near Pokhran in the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan is a 40-
megawatt photovoltaic power station, commissioned in 2012.
• Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park is a solar park in Panyam mandal of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh.
• Kamuthi Solar Power Project is a solar park in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.
• Bhadla Solar Park is one of the largest solar parks in Bhadla, Phalodi tehsil, Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India.
• Sakri Photovoltaic solar energy project is a 125 MW solar photovoltaic power plant. The project was developed by
Mahagenco in Shivajinagar in Sakri taluka of Dhule district in Maharashtra, India.
• Banasura Sagar Dam Floating Solar Power Plant is India's largest ever floating solar power plant is located in
Kerala and built on the Banasura Sagar reservoir in Wayanad.
• Pavagada Solar Park is a solar park in Pavagada taluk, Tumkur district, Karnataka.
• NP Kunta Ultra Mega Solar Park also known as Ananthapuram Ultra Mega Solar Park, is a solar park spread over a
total area of 7,924.76 acres in Nambulapulakunta mandal in the Ananthapur district of the Indian state of Andhra
Pradesh. It was commissioned in May 2016, and is owned by Andhra Pradesh Solar Power Corporation Private Limited
(APSPCL).
• Rewa Ultra Mega Solar, Madhya Pradesh is the first solar project in the country to break the grid parity barrier. It is
one of the largest solar power plants in India and Asia’s Largest Single site solar plant. Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited
(RUMSL), the implementing agency of the project. The project got the World Bank Group’s President’s Award for
excellence for its transaction structure.

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Chapter
25 Stadiums in India
• Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium is a stadium located in Rourkela, Odisha. The 20000-seater Birsa
Munda Hockey Stadium, is the largest hockey stadium in India.
• The Wankhede Stadium is a cricket stadium in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was established in 1974.
• Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium is a cricket stadium located in the city of Dharamshala District
Kangra in Himachal Pradesh, It was established in 2003.
• The Feroz Shah Kotla Ground is a cricket ground located at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi. It was established
in 1883
• M. A. Chidambaram Stadium or Chepauk Stadium is a cricket stadium in Chennai, India. It was established in 1916
and it is the oldest continuously used cricket stadium in the country
• Eden Gardens is a cricket ground in Kolkata, India established in 1864.
• Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad, a cricket ground in the Secunderabad, Telangana india, established in 1928
• Jharkhand States Cricket Association International Cricket Stadium, also known as JSCA International Stadium
Complex, is situated in Ranchi, India. It was established in 2010.
• Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium, also known as the Khandheri Cricket Stadium, is a cricket stadium in
Rajkot Gujarat, India. It was established in 2008.
• The Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium or Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium is a cricket stadium located at
Gahunje, Pimpri-Chinchwad in Pune Maharashtra, India. It was established in 2012.
• The DY Patil Sports Stadium is a football and a cricket stadium at D. Y. Patil campus, Nerul, Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India. It was established in 2008.
• The Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium also known as New VCA stadium is a cricket ground in Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India. It is the largest cricket stadium in India in terms of field area. It was established in 2008.
• Holkar Cricket Stadium is located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. It was earlier known as Maharani Usharaje Trust
Cricket Ground. It was established in 1990.
• The Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium is the principal cricket stadium in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It
• Visakhapatnam ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, also known as the ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, is a multi-purpose
stadium in Visakhapatnam, India. It was established in 2003.
• Indira Gandhi Stadium is located in Vijayawada of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was established in 1969.
• Barkatullah Khan Stadium is located in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. It is currently used mostly for cricket. It was established
in 1986.
• Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium locally known as Kaloor Stadium is a multi-purpose international stadium
situated in Kochi, Kerala. The stadium is used mostly for cricket and football matches. It was established in 1996
• Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is the national stadium of India, located in Delhi. It was established in 1982.
• The Fatorda, officially known as the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium situated in Margao, Goa.
It was established in 1989.
• Reliance Stadium or Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd Sports Complex Ground also known as the IPCL
Ground is located in Vadodara, Gujarat. It was established in 1990.
• The K D Singh Babu Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium. It was established in 1957.It was established in Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh.
• The Maulana Azad Stadium is a stadium in Jammu and is one of the home venues for the Jammu and Kashmir cricket
team, It was established in 1966.
• Indira Priyadarsini Stadium is cricket stadium located in the coastal city of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, It was
• Captain Roop Singh Stadium, is a cricket ground in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, It was established in 1978.
• The Nahar Singh Stadium previously known as Mayur Stadium is a cricket stadium in the Indian city of Faridabad, It

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• Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Ground also known as Municipal Ground or Racecourse Ground Corporation Ground is
located in Rajkot Gujarat, It was established in 1935.
• The Sector 16 Stadium is a cricket stadium in Chandigarh, Punjab, India. It was established in 1966.
• Nehru Stadium, formerly known as Club of Maharashtra Ground, is a multi-purpose stadium in Pune, India. It is
mainly used for cricket matches. The stadium was built in 1969.
• Kerala University Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in the city of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala and is used
for predominantly football and also for athletics. The stadium was built in 1940.
• Keenan Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium and an International Cricket Stadium in Jamshedpur, India. It is
currently used mostly for cricket and football matches. The stadium was built in 1939.
• Narendra Modi Stadium (Motera Stadium) is one of the premier cricket stadium situated inside the Sardar
Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The stadium was built in 1982.
• Moti Bagh Stadium is a cricket stadium located in Vadodara, Gujarat. The stadium was built in 1956.
• Sher-i-Kashmir Stadium is a cricket stadium located in Srinagar, The stadium was built in 1983.
• The Sawai Mansingh Stadium is a cricket stadium in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The stadium was built in 1969.
• The Gandhi Stadium at the Gandhi Sports Complex Ground is located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is
currently used for Cricket matches. The stadium was built in 1933.
• The iconic Barabati Stadium is an Indian sports stadium located in Cuttack, Odisha. The stadium was built in 1958.
• The M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The stadium was built in 1969.
• The Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium formerly known as Fateh Maidan is a football and cricket stadium in Hyderabad,
Telangana. The stadium was built in 1950.
• Green Park Stadium is a 32,000 capacity floodlit multi-purpose stadium located in Kanpur, UP India. The stadium
was built in 1945.
• The Brabourne Stadium is a cricket ground in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The stadium was built in 1937.
• Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar, India. It is currently used for football matches.
The stadium was built in 1971.
• Fort Maidan, also known as Kota Maidanam, is a multi-use stadium in Palakkad, India. It is currently used mostly for
cricket matches. The stadium was built in 2003.
• Dilip Tirkey Stadium or DTS is a football cum hockey stadium located in sector one, of city Rourkela. The stadium
was built in 2009.
• Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium is a stadium in Ranchi, India, used mostly for association football matches and for
athletics.
• The Kalinga Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
• Mahindra Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
• The Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium commonly known by its former name, National Stadium is a field hockey
stadium in New Delhi, India. The stadium was built in 1933.
• The Dadaji Kondadev Stadium called SR Bhosle Krida Sankul Stadium by some sources, is a sports stadium in Thane,
Maharashtra, India.
• Guru Nanak Stadium is a football stadium in Ludhiana, India.

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Chapter
26 Stadium in World
AUSTRALIA
• Adelaide Oval is a cricket ground in Adelaide, South Australia. It was established in 1871
• Cazaly's Stadium is a sports stadium in Cairns, Queensland, Australia. It was established in 1957
• Docklands Stadium is a multi-purpose sports and entertainment stadium in the Docklands precinct of Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia.
• Manuka Oval is a sporting venue in Canberra, the capital of Australia
• Marrara Oval, currently branded TIO Stadium under a naming rights agreement is a sports ground in Darwin, the
capital of Australia's Northern Territory
• The Melbourne Cricket Ground, also known simply as "The G", is an Australian sports stadium located in Yarra Park,
Melbourne, Victoria. It was established in 1853
• The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) is a sports stadium in Sydney, Australia. . It was established in 1848
• The WACA is a sports stadium in Perth, Western Australia. It was established in 1890.
BANGLADESH
• Bangabandhu National Stadium also known as Dhaka Stadium, and formerly known as Dacca Stadium, is the
national stadium and a multipurpose sports arena in Dhaka, Bangladesh
• Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium abbreviated as ZAC Stadium is a cricket stadium located in the port city of
Chittagong, in south-eastern Bangladesh.
ENGLAND
• Edgbaston Cricket Ground, also known as the County Ground or Edgbaston Stadium, is a cricket ground in the
Edgbaston area of Birmingham, England.
• Headingley Stadium in Headingley, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England It was established in 1890.
• Lord's, also known as Lord's Cricket Ground, is a cricket venue in St John's Wood, London.
• Old Trafford is a football stadium in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England,
• Sophia Gardens is a cricket stadium in Cardiff, Wales, England
• The St Lawrence Ground is a cricket ground in Canterbury, Kent.
• The Oval, currently known for sponsorship reasons as the Kia Oval is an international cricket ground in Kennington,
in the London Borough of Lambeth, South London.
• Trent Bridge is a cricket ground mostly used for Test, One-day international and County cricket located in West
Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, England.
NEWZELAND
• The Basin Reserve (commonly known as "The Basin") is a cricket ground in Wellington, New Zealand.
• Eden Park is New Zealand's largest stadium. Located in central Auckland, It was established in 1900
• Lancaster Park, previously known as Jade Stadium and AMI Stadium, was a sports stadium in Waltham, a suburb of
Christchurch in New Zealand.
• Queenstown Events Centre or John Davies Oval or Davies Park is a multi-purpose sports stadium located in
Queenstown, Otago in the South Island of New Zealand.
• The St Lawrence Ground is a sports ground in Napier, New Zealand.
PAKISTAN
• Arbab Niaz Stadium is a Test cricket ground in Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
• Ayub National Stadium formerly known as Baluchistan Cricket Association Ground is a multi-purpose stadium in
Quetta, Pakistan.
• Gaddafi Stadium is a cricket ground in Lahore, Pakistan.

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SOUTH AFRICA
• Kingsmead is a cricket ground in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
• The Bidvest Wanderers Stadium is a stadium situated just south of Sandton in Illovo, Johannesburg in Gauteng
Province, South Africa.
• Newlands Cricket Ground (known as PPC Newlands for sponsorship reasons) in Cape Town is a South African cricket
ground.
• St George’s Park Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in St George's Park, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
• SuperSport Park is a cricket ground in Centurion, Gauteng, South Africa.
SRI LANKA
• Colombo Cricket Club Ground is a multi-purpose stadium in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
• Galle International Stadium is a cricket stadium in Galle, Sri Lanka.
• Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium simply PSS is a multi-purpose stadium in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is currently
used mostly for cricket matches.
• R. Premadasa International Cricket Stadium also known as Khettarama Stadium is a cricket stadium, Maligawatta,
Colombo, Sri Lanka.
• The Sinhalese Sports Club Ground is one of the most famous cricket grounds in Sri Lanka.
SOME IMPORTANT GROUND

• Sabina Park is a cricket ground and the home of the Kingston Cricket Club, and is the only Test cricket ground in
Kingston, Jamaica.
• Antigua Recreation Ground is the national stadium of Antigua and Barbuda. It is located in St. John's, on the island
of Antigua.
• The Providence Stadium or Guyana National Stadium is a sports stadium in Guyana.
• The Kensington Oval is a stadium located to the west of the capital city Bridgetown on the island of Barbados.
• Mindoo Phillip Park is a multipurpose stadium located in Marchand, Castries, Saint Lucia. It is a training and
competition venue for cricket, football, rugby and track and field, among other sports.
• Albion Sports Complex is a cricket stadium in Guyana, It was established in 1977.
• Bulawayo Athletic Club is a sports club in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It was established in 1894
• Harare Sports Club is a sports club and multi-purpose stadium in Harare, Zimbabwe. Founded in 1900.
• The Kwekwe Sports Club in Kwekwe is the home ground of one of Zimbabwe's four provincial cricket sides.
• Queens Sports Club is a multi-purpose stadium in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It is used primarily used for cricket matches.
• The Sheikh Zayed Stadium is a cricket ground located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The stadium cost $23
million to build and was opened in May 2004.
• The Sharjah Cricket Stadium is in Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. It holds the record for the most number of
ODIs hosted
• Wembley Stadium is a football stadium in Wembley, London, England, which opened in 2007
• Camp Nou it is the largest stadium in Spain and Europe, it build 1954–1957.
• The Santiago Bernabéu Stadium is the home stadium of Real Madrid since its completion in 1947, with a current
seating capacity of 81,044.
• Old Trafford is a football stadium in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, and the home of Manchester United.
With a capacity of 74,994.
• The Maracanã is a football stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• Allianz Arena is a football stadium in Munich, Bavaria, Germany with a 75,000 seating capacity. Widely known for its
exterior of inflated ETFE plastic panels
• Westfalenstadion is a football stadium in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany,
• The Stadio Giuseppe commonly known as San Siro, is a football stadium in the San Siro district of Milan, Italy
• The Estadio Azteca is a football stadium located in the suburb of Santa Úrsula in Mexico City, Mexico. Since its opening
in 1966.
• First National Bank Stadium or simply FNB Stadium, also known as Soccer City and The Calabash, is a stadium
located in Nasrec, bordering the Soweto area of Johannesburg, South Africa.

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• Anfield is a football stadium in Anfield, Liverpool, England which has a seating capacity of 54,074 making it the sixth
largest football stadium in England.
• Estadio Centenario is a stadium in the Parque Batlle neighborhood of Montevideo, Uruguay, used primarily for
football. The stadium was built between 1929 and 1930 to host the 1930 FIFA World Cup.
• Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti, Argentina, home of the football club River Plate.It was opened on 25 May 1938.It
is the largest stadium in Argentina with a capacity of 62,000
• Celtic Park is a football stadium in the Parkhead area of Glasgow, Celtic Park is the largest football stadium in Scotland
and the sixth-largest football stadium in the United Kingdom.
• Juventus Stadium, commercially known as the Allianz Stadium Turin, Italy
• Ibrox Stadium is a football stadium located on the south side of the River Clyde in the Ibrox district of Glasgow.Ibrox
is one of the largest football stadiums in the UK, and the third largest football stadium in Scotland, having an all-seated
capacity of 50,817.
• The Estádio da Luz officially named Estádio do Sport Lisboa e Benfica, is a multi-purpose stadium located in
Lisbon, Portugal. It is used mostly for association football matches.
• De Meer Stadion is the former stadium of AFC Ajax. It was opened in 1934.
• The Azadi Stadium formerly known as Aryamehr Stadium is an all-seater football stadium in Tehran, Iran.

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Chapter
27 Ports in India
• Kandla Port Trust or Deendayal Port is a seaport in Kutch District of Gujarat. Kandla was constructed in the 1950s
as the chief seaport serving western India, after the partition of India and Pakistan. Kandla Port was renamed as
Deendayal Port under the India port act of 1908.
• Paradip Port (Opened 1966) is a natural, deep-water port on the East coast of India in Jagatsinghpur district of
Odisha. It is situated at confluence of the Mahanadi river and the Bay of Bengal.
• Jawaharlal Nehru Port, also known as Nhava Sheva, is the largest container port in India. Located east of Mumbai in
Maharashtra (inception on 26 May 1989).
• Mumbai Port Trust is a port which lies midway on the West coast of India, on the natural deep-water harbour of
Mumbai, Maharashtra. The first of the present-day docks of the Mumbai Port were built in the 1870s.
• Visakhapatnam Port (Opened December 19, 1933) is one of 13 major ports in India and the only major port of
Andhra Pradesh. It is India's second largest port by volume of cargo handled.
• Chennai Port, formerly known as Madras Port, is the second largest container port of India and the largest port in
the Bay of Bengal. It is the third oldest port among the 13 major ports of India with official port operations beginning
in 1881.
• The Port of Kolkata (Opened 1870) is a riverine port in the city of Kolkata, India. It is the oldest operating port in
India, and was constructed by the British East India Company.
• Krishnapatnam Port popularly known as KPCL is a privately built and owned all weather, deep water port on the
east coast of India, located in the Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh. Krishnapatnam Port (KPCL) is India's largest
private sector port. It was inaugurated on 17 July 2008.
• New Mangalore Port (Opened 1974) is a deep-water, all-weather port at Panambur, Mangalore in Karnataka state
in India. The major imports of the port are crude and petroleum products, LPG, wood pulp, timber logs, finished
fertilizers, liquid ammonia etc. NMPT has received Greentech Environment Award 2014.
• V.O.Chidambaranar Port, formerly Tuticorin Port, is one of the 12 major ports in India. It was declared to be a major
port on 11 July 1974. It is second-largest port in Tamil Nadu.
• Ennore Port, officially renamed Kamarajar Port Limited (Opened 2001), is located on the Coromandel Coast about 24
km north of Chennai Port, Chennai, it is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in India which is a public
company.
• Cochin Port (Opened 1928) is a major port on the Arabian Sea - Laccadive Sea – Indian Ocean sea-route in the city of
Kochi. The port is governed by the Cochin Port Trust (CPT).
• One of India's top-notch natural harbours, the Mormugao port is a premier hub of maritime trade in Goa. It was
accorded the status of a Major Port in 1963.

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Chapter
India’s World Heritage Site
28 (Included in UNESCO’s list)
• The Ajanta Caves (The Ajanta caves were attributed as a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 1983) are rock-cut
Buddhist cave monuments at Aurangabad district in Maharashtra. The caves include paintings and rock-cut
sculptures described as among the finest surviving examples of ancient Indian art.
• Ellora located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. This is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple cave
complexes in the world, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, featuring Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments,
and artwork, dating from the 600-1000 CE period.
• Agra Fort is a historical fort in the city of Agra in Uttar Pradesh. It was the main residence of the emperors of the
Mughal Dynasty till 1638, when the capital was shifted from Agra to Delhi. The Agra fort is a UNESCO World Heritage
site in 1983.
• The Taj Mahal (The Taj Mahal were attributed as a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 1983) is an ivory-white
marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by
the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan.
• Konark Sun Temple at Konark on the coastline of Odisha. The temple is attributed to king Narasimhadeva I.
Dedicated to the Hindu god Surya. It was added World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1984.
• Mahabalipuram is located close to Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The group of monuments at Mahabalipuram is a
collection of 7th and 8th-century CE religious monuments in the coastal resort town of Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu
and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal.
• Kaziranga National Park is a UNESCO world heritage sites of India in 1985 and known for Great Indian one horned
Rhinoceros. It is located in Assam. The sanctuary, which hosts two-thirds of the world's great one-horned
rhinoceroses, is a World Heritage Site.
• Manas National Park is a national park, a Project Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reserve in
Assam. It is World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1985.
• Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in
Bharatpur, Rajasthan.It is World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1985.
• Churches and convents of Old Goa is the name given by UNESCO to a set of religious monuments located in Goa
Velha (or Old Goa).
• The Khajuraho Group of Monuments is a group of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh, India. They
are one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India.
• Hampi, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-
central Karnataka, India. It became the centre of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire capital in the 14th century.
• Fatehpur Sikri is a town in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh. The city itself was founded as the capital of Mughal
Empire in 1571 by Emperor Akbar, They are one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India.
• Pattadakal is located in the district of Bagalkot, state of Karnataka. The Chalukyas of Badami (ancient Vatapi) or Early
Chalukyas (543-753 CE) built a large complex of temples for royal commemoration and coronation in Pattadakal. This
complex is on the left bank of the Malaprabha River. They are one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India.
• Elephanta Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a collection of cave temples predominantly dedicated to the
Hindu god Shiva. They are located on Elephanta Island, or Gharapuri in Mumbai.
• The Sundarbans National Park is a (UNESCO World Heritage Site) National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere
Reserve in West Bengal, India.
• The Nanda Devi National Park established in 1988, is a national park situated around the peak of Nanda Devi (7816
m) in the state of Uttarakhand in northern India. They are one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India.
• Valley of Flowers National Park is an Indian national park, located in West Himalaya, in the state of Uttarakhand
and is known for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers and the variety of flora. The Valley of Flowers was declared
a National Park in 1982 and included in the list of World Heritage sites by UNESCO in 2005.

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• The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the most important Buddhist monuments reflecting gem of Buddhist art and
architecture. Located at Sanchi Town, Madhya Pradesh, India, this Stupa is the oldest stone structure in India. The
Great Stupa at Sanchi was included in the list of World Heritage sites by UNESCO in 1989.
• Humayun's tomb is the tomb of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned by
Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum in 1569-70, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas .
Humayun's tomb was included in the list of World Heritage sites by UNESCO in1993.
• Qutub Minar was constructed in 1192 by Qutab-ud-din Aibak, and later completed by his successor Iltutmish. Qutub
Minar was included in the list of World Heritage sites by UNESCO in 1993.
• The Mountain railways of India refer to railway lines built in the mountains of India. Three of these railways, the
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Kalka–Shimla Railway, are collectively
designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Mountain Railways of India.
• The Mahabodhi Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an ancient, but much rebuilt and restored, Buddhist
temple in Bodh Gaya, marking the location where the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment.
• The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site in central India that spans the prehistoric paleolithic and
mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period. It exhibits the earliest traces of human life on the Indian subcontinent
and evidence of Stone Age starting at the site in Acheulian times. It is located in the Raisen District in the Indian state
of Madhya Pradesh. It is included in the list of World Heritage sites by UNESCO in 2003.
• Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (in 2004), is located in Panchmahal
district in Gujarat, India. It is located around the historical city of Champaner, a city which was built by Sultan Mahmud
Begada of Gujarat.
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus formerly known as Victoria Terminus is a historic railway station and a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India which serves as the headquarters of the Central Railways.
• The Jantar Mantar monument in Jaipur, Rajasthan is a collection of nineteen architectural astronomical instruments
built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II, and completed in 1734. It features the world's largest stone sundial, and is
a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is located near City Palace and Hawa Mahal.
• Western Ghats also known as Sahyadri (Benevolent Mountains) is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western
coast of the Indian peninsula, located entirely in India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the eight
"hottest hot-spots" of biological diversity in the world.
• The six Hill Forts of Rajasthan, spread across Rajasthan state in northern India, clustered together as a designated
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Great Living Chola Temples, is popular for Chola Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, and Bronze Casting. This temple
located in Tamil Nadu. It includes temples like the the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the Brihadisvara Temple at
Gangaikondacholisvaram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram. It was added World Heritage site by UNESCO
in 1987.
• Red Fort Complex is locate in Delhi, It is popular for Shahjahanabad, Persian, Timuri and Indian Architectural Styles,
Red Sandstone Architecture. It was added World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2007.
• Rani Ki Vav(The Queen’s Stepwell) - It is an explicit example of fine Ancient Indian architecture which is constructed
during the time of the Solanki dynasty. It is Located in Gujarat. It was added World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2014.
• Great Himalayan National Park - It is home to about 375 fauna species and several floral species, including some
very rare species of plants and animals such as blue sheep, snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, Himalayan Tahr,
musk deer spruces, horse chestnuts, and huge alpine meadows. It is a part of the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspots. It
was added World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2014.
• Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda , It is a center of learning and a Buddhist monastery from
the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE.
• Khangchendzonga National Park and Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve is a national park and a biosphere
reserve located in Sikkim, India. It was inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 2016, becoming the first
"Mixed Heritage" site of India. It was also included in the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme.
Khangchendzonga National Park is famous for its fauna and flora.
• Architectural Work of Le Corbusier (Capitol Complex) located in Chandigarh, Its Recognized as a World Heritage
Site as part of an outstanding contribution to the Modern Movement. It was added World Heritage site by UNESCO in
2016.

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• The Historic City Ahmedabad is situated on the banks of Sabarmati river, where communities following Hinduism,
Islam, and Jainism have co-existed for centuries.
• Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles - It is a collection of 94 buildings of great cultural importance, located in
the Fort Area of Mumbai. It was added World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2018.
• The Pink City Jaipur was added by UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019. It is a home of many magnificent forts,
palaces, temples, and museums and also filled to the brim with local handicrafts and trinkets.
• Kakatiya Rudreshwara Temple also called the Ramappa Temple is situated in Palampet Village, Telangana. The
temple is estimated to be at least 800 to 900 years old. The temple is especially known for lightweight porous bricks
which are known as floating bricks. It was Built in the 13th century CE, the temple is a Kakatiyan marvel made of
sandstone. It was added World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2021.
• Dholavira is an architectural site situated in the Kutch district of Gujarat. It is one of the most prominent Indus Valley
Civilisation site. It Discovered by archaeologist Jagat Pati Joshi in 1968, Dholavira gets its name from the village in
Kutch district of Gujarat.It was added World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2021.

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Chapter
Intelligence/ Detective Agencies
29 of the world
• Mossad meaning (Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations) is the national intelligence agency of Israel.
• The General Directorate for External Security is an intelligence agency of France.
• The Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office (Naicho) is an intelligence agency of Japan.
• Al-Mukhabarat is an intelligence agency of Iraq.
• The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of
United States of America (USA).
• The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) and The Intelligence Bureau (IB) is an intelligence agency of India.
• The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is an intelligence agency of Pakistan.
• Committee for State Security (KGB) is an intelligence agency of Russia.
• National Intelligence Agency (NIA) is an intelligence agency of South Africa.
• The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation is an intelligence agency of Australia.
• Central External Liaison Department is an intelligence agency of China.
• MI5 & MI6(Military Intelligence) are intelligence agencies of U.K.

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Chapter
30 International Airport
New Delhi
• Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport serves as the primary civilian aviation hub for the National Capital Region
of Delhi, India. The airport, spread over an area of 5,106 acres is situated in Palam.
Maharashtra
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaja International Airport, formerly known as Sahara International Airport is the
primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is also the second busiest airport in the
country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi.
• Pune Airport is located approximately 10 km north-east of Pune in the state of Maharashtra, India.
• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Nagpur, Maharashtra.
• Akola Airport is an airport located in Akola in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
• Aurangabad Airport is a public airport located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra.
• Jalgaon Airport is a public airport located town of Jalgaon, in the Nashik Division of Maharashtra.
• Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj Airport is an airport in Kolhapur, Maharashtra.
• Gandhinagar Airport was a public airport serving the city of Nashik, in the state of Maharashtra.
• Solapur Airport is a public airport located in Solapur, in the state of Maharashtra.
Karnataka
• Kempegowda International Airport is an international airport serving Bengaluru, the capital of the Indian state of
Karnataka. Spread over 4,000 acres.
• Mangalore Airport is an international airport serving the coastal city of Mangaluru, Karnataka India.
• Belgaum Airport is an airport serving Belgaum, a city in the Indian state of Karnataka.
• Hubli Airport serves the twin cities of Hubli and Dharwad in the state of Karnataka.
• Mysore Airport, also known as the Mandakalli airport, is an airport serving Mysore, a city in the Indian state of
Karnataka.
• Jindal Vijaynagar Airport is an airport located in Toranagallu, a village in the Indian state of Karnataka.
Tamil Nadu
• Chennai International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
• Tiruchirappalli International Airport is an international airport serving Tiruchirappalli in the state of Tamil Nadu,
India.
• Coimbatore International Airport is the primary airport serving the city of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu.
West Bengal
• Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport is an international airport located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Telangana
• Rajiv Gandhi International Airport is an international airport that serves Hyderabad, the capital and largest city of
the Indian state of Telangana.
Gujarat
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport is an international airport serving the cities of Ahmedabad and
Gandhinagar in Gujarat, India. It is situated in Ahmedabad (Hansol).
• Vadodara Airport is a civilian airport located in the north-east of Vadodara, Gujarat.
• Kandla Airport is located north of Kandla and Anjar in the Kutch District of the state of Gujarat.
• Porbandar Airport is a public airport which is situated in Porbandar in the state of Gujarat.
• Rajkot Airport is a public airport located at Rajkot, Gujarat.
• Surat Airport is an airport located in Magdalla, Surat in Gujarat. It is the 3rd busiest airport in Gujarat.
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Goa
• Goa International Airport also known as the Dabolim airport, is the sole airport in the state of Goa,India. It operates
as a civil enclave in a military airbase named INS Hansa. It is 4 km from the nearest city Vasco da Gama.
Uttar Pradesh
• Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport is a public airport located at Babatpur, Varanasi, India.
• Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport is an airport serving Lucknow, the capital of the Indian state of
Uttar Pradesh.
• Noida International Airport, also known as Jewar Airport and officially Noida International Greenfield Airport, is an
under-construction international airport opened in 2024.
Kerala
• Cochin International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. Cochin
International Airport is the first airport in India developed under a public-private partnership (PPP) model.
• Calicut International Airport also known as Karipur Airport, is an international airport serving the cities of
Kozhikode and Malappuram in Kerala, India.
• Trivandrum International Airport is an international airport, which primarily serve the cities of Trivandrum,
Nagercoil, Kanyakumari and Kollam.
• Kannur International Airport is an airport serving the North Malabar region of Kerala, Kodagu and Mysore districts
of Karnataka and Mahé district of Puducherry in India.
Odisha
• Biju Patnaik International Airport also known as the Bhubaneswar Airport, is situated in the Indian city of
Bhubaneswar, Odisha. It is the sole international airport in the state. It is named after the former chief minister of
Odisha, Biju Patnaik, who was also a famed aviator and freedom fighter.
• Jharsuguda Airport situated in Odisha, India.
Jammu and Kashmir

• Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport also known as Srinagar Airport is an international airport that serves
Srinagar, the summer capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is owned by the Indian Air Force, and the
Airports Authority of India operates a civil enclave at the airport.
• The Jammu Airport, officially known as Jammu Civil Enclave, is a civil airport in Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir.
Bihar
• Jay Prakash Narayana International Airport is located in Patna, Bihar. Named after Jayaprakash Narayan.
• Gaya Airport, also known as Bodhgaya Airport is a public airport serving Gaya, Bihar.
Punjab
• Chandigarh International Airport the airport runway is located in the Union territory of Chandigarh while the
international terminal is located on the south side of the runway in the village of Jhiurheri, Mohali, Punjab.
• Sri Guru Ram Das Ji International Airport named after Guru Ram Das Ji, the fourth Sikh Guru and the founder of
Amritsar city, is an international airport Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands

• Veer Savarkar International Airport also known as Port Blair Airport , is a customs airport located 2 km south of
Port Blair and is the main airport of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. It is named after Vinayak Damodar
Savarkar.
Assam
• Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, also known as Guwahati International Airport and is formerly
known as 'Borjhar Airport', located in Assam.
• Dibrugarh Airport is located at Mohanbari, Dibrugarh City, Assam.
• Rupsi Airport is an airport located in Dhubri town, in the Assam.
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Andhra Pradesh
• Visakhapatnam Airport is an international airport located in Visakhapatnam, India. It is the largest and busiest
airport in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It operates as a civil enclave on an Indian Navy air base named INS Dega.
• Vijayawada Airport is a public international airport serving Andhra Pradesh.
• Kadapa (Cuddapah) Airport is located in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh.
Arunachal Pradesh
• Tezu Airport is located at Tezu in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India.
• Daporijo Airport is located at Daporijo in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Chhattisgarh
• Jagdalpur Airport is located near Jagdalpur, in the state of Chhattisgarh.
• Swami Vivekananda Airport formerly known as Raipur International Airport, is the primary airport serving the
state of Chhattisgarh.
Daman and Diu
• Diu Airport is a domestic airport situated at Diu in the Union Territory of Daman and Diu.
Himachal Pradesh
• Kangra Airport, is an airport located in Gaggal near Kangra in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
• Shimla Airport is an airport located in Jubbarhatti, Shimla in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
• Kullu–Manali Airport is an airport located in Bhuntar in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
Jharkhand
• Birsa Munda Airport also known as Ranchi Airport, is the primary airport serving the city of Ranchi, the capital city
of the Indian state of Jharkhand.
• Dhanbad Airport is a public airport located at Dhanbad, in the state of Jharkhand.
• Sonari Airport is a public airport located in Jamshedpur, in the state of Jharkhand.
Madhya Pradesh
• Gwalior Airport officially known as Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia Air Terminal is a civil enclave airport located at the
Maharajpur Air Force Station Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh.
• Jabalpur Airport, also known as Dumna Airport is in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.
• The Khajuraho Airport officially known as Civil Aerodrome Khajuraho, is an airport in Khajuraho, Chhattarpur
district, Madhya Pradesh.
• Khandwa Airport is a public airport located on Nagchun Road, Khandwa in Madhya Pradesh.
• Raja Bhoj Airport is the primary airport serving Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh.

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Chapter
31 International Boundaries
• The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan published on 17 August 1947
upon the Partition of India. It was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who, as chairman of the Boundary
Commissions.
• The 49th parallel north as a border between the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and
Manitoba (to the north), and the U.S. states of Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota and Minnesota (to the
south).
• The McMahon Line is a border line between Tibetan region of China and North-east region of India, proposed by
British colonial administrator Henry McMahon at the 1914 Simla Convention which was signed between the British
and the Tibetan representatives. It is currently the effective boundary between China and India
• The Maginot Line named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications,
obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany.
• The Durand Line is a frontier boundary between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It was established after an 1893
memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman
Khan.
• The 38th parallel north formed the border between North and South Korea prior to the Korean War.
• The Mannerheim Line was a defensive fortification line on the Karelian Isthmus built by Finland against the Soviet
Union. During the Winter War it became known as the Mannerheim Line, after Field Marshal Baron Carl Gustaf Emil
Mannerheim. The line was constructed in two phases: 1920–1924 and 1932–1939.
• Hindenberg Line ‐ Boundary line between Germany and Poland to which German retreated in 1917 during the First
World War.
• Siegfried Line is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.
• 17th Parallel defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before two were united.
• 24th Parallel Line which Pakistan claims for demarcation line between India and Pakistan. This, however, is not
recognized by India.

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Chapter
Capitals & Currencies
32 of Different countries
Country Capital(s) Currency
Afghanistan Kabul Afghani
Albania Tirana Albanian lek
Algeria Algiers Algerian Dinar
Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro
Angola Luanda Angolan kwanza
Antigua & Barbuda St. John's East Caribbean Dollar
Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine Peso
Armenia Yerevan Dram
Australia Canberra Australian Dollar
Austria Vienna Euro
Azerbaijan Baku Manat
The Bahamas Nassau Bahamian Dollar
Bahrain Manama Bahraini Dinar
Bangladesh Dhaka Taka
Barbados Bridgetown Barbadian Dollar
Belarus Minsk Belarusian Ruble
Belgium Brussels Euro
Belize Belmopan Belize Dollar
Benin Porto-Novo West African CFA Franc
Bhutan Thimphu Ngultrum
Bolivia La Paz; Sucre Boliviano
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Convertible Mark
Botswana Gaborone Pula
Brazil Brasilia Real
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawa Brunei dollar
Bulgaria Sofia Lev
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou West African CFA Franc
Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Franc
Cambodia Phnom Penh Riel
Cameroon Yaounde Central African CFA Franc
Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar
Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean Escudo
Central African Republic Bangui Central African CFA Franc
Chad N'Djamena Central African CFA Franc
Chile Santiago Chilean Peso
China Beijing Chinese Yuan/ Renminbi
Colombia Bogota Colombian Peso
Comoros Moroni Comorian Franc
Democratic Republic Of the Congo Kinshasa Congolese Franc
Republic of the Congo Brazzaville Central African CFA Franc
Costa Rica San Jose Colon
Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Yamoussou West African CFA franc
Croatia Zagreb Croatian kuna
Cuba Havana Cuban Peso
Cyprus Nicosia Euro

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Czechia Prague Czech Koruna
Denmark Copenhagen Danish Krone
Djibouti Djibouti Djiboutian Franc
Dominica Rosesau East Caribbean Dollar
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Dominican Peso
East Timor (Timor-Leste) Dili United States Dollar
Ecuador Quito United States Dollar
Egypt Cairo Egyptian Pound
El Salvador San Salvador United States Dollar, Bitcoin
Equitorial Guinea Malabo Central African CFA Franc
Eritrea Asmara Eritrean nakfa
Estonia Tallinn Estonian Kroon; Euro
Ethiopia Addis Ababa Birr
Fiji Suva Fijian Dollar
Finland Helsinki Euro
France Paris Euro; CFP Franc
Gabon Libreville Central African CFA Franc
The Gambia Banjul Dalasi
Georgia Tbilisi Lari
Germany Berlin Euro
Ghana Accra Ghanaian Cedi
Greece Athens Euro
Grenada St. George's East Caribbean Dollar
Guatemala Guatemala City Quetzal
Guinea Conakry Guinean Franc
Guinea-Bissau Bissau West African CFA Franc
Guyana Georgetown Guyanese Dollar
Haiti Port-au-Prince Gourde
Honduras Tegucigalpa Lempira
Hungary Budapest Forint
Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic Krona
India New Delhi Indian Rupee
Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah
Iran Tehran Toman
Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Dinar
Republic of Ireland Dublin Euro
Israel Jerusalem Shekel
Italy Rome Euro
Jamaica Kingston Jamaican Dollar
Japan Tokyo Yen
Jordan Amman Jordanian Dinar
Kazakhstan Nur Sultan Tenge
Kenya Nairobi Kenyan Shilling
Kiribati Tarawa Atoll Kiribati Dollar
North Korea Pyongyang North Korean Won
South Korea Seoul South Korean Won
Kosovo Pristina Euro
Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti Dinar
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Som
Laos Vientiane Kip
Latvia Riga Euro
Lebanon Beirut Lebanese Pound

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Lesotho Maseru Loti
Liberia Monrovia Liberian Dollar and U.S Dollar
Libya Tripoli Libyan Dinar
Liechtenstein Vaduz Swiss Franc
Lithuania Vilnius Euro
Luxembourg Luxembourg City Euro
Macedonia Skopje Macedonian Denar
Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy Ariary
Malawi Lilongwe Malawi Kwacha
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit
Maldives Male Maldivian Rufiyaa
Mali Bamako West African CFA Franc
Malta Valletta Euro
Marshall Islands Majuro United States Dollar
Mauritania Nouakchott Ouguiya
Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian Rupee
Mexico Mexico City Mexican Peso
Moldova Chisinau Moldovan Leu
Monaco Monaco Euro
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Togrog
Montenegro Podgorica Euro
Morocco Rabat Moroccan Dirham
Mozambique Maputo Mozambican Metical
Myanmar (Burma) Nypyidaw Kyat
Namibia Windhoek Namibian Dollar
Nauru Yaren Australian Dollar
Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese Rupee
Netherlands Amsterdam Euro
New Zealand Wellington New Zealand Dollar
Nicaragua Managua Cordoba
Niger Niamey West African CFA Franc
Nigeria Abuja Naira
Norway Oslo Norwegian Krone
Oman Muscat Omani Rial
Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani Rupee
Palau Ngerulmud United States Dollar
Panama Panama City Panamanian Balboa and U.S Dollar
Papa New Guinea Port Moresby Papa New Guinean Kina
Paraguay Asuncion Guarani
Peru Lima Sol
Phillipines Manila Phillipine Peso
Poland Warsaw Zloty
Portugal Lisbon Euro
Qatar Doha Qatari Riyal
Romania Bucharest Romanian leu
Russia Moscow Ruble
Rwanda Kigali Rwandan Franc
Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre Eastern Caribbean Dollar
Saint Lucia Castries Eastern Caribbean Dollar
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown Eastern Caribbean dollar
Samoa Apia Samoa Tala
San Marino San Marino Euro

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Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome Dobra
Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi Riyal
Senegal Dakar West African CFA Franc
Serbia Belgrade Serbian Dinar
Seychelles Victoria Seychellois rupee
Sierra Leone Freetown Leone
Singapore Singapore city Singapore Dollar
Slovakia Bratislava Euro
Slovenia Ljubljana Euro
Solomon Islands Honiara Solomon Islands Dollar
Somalia Mogadishu Somali Shilling
South Africa Pretoria, Cape Town, South African Rand
Bloemfontein
Spain Madrid Euro
Sri Lanka Colombo/ Sri Jayawardenepura Sri Lankan Rupee
Kotte
Sudan Khartoum Sudanese Pound
Suriname Paramaribo Surinamese Dollar
Swaziland Mbabane Lilangeni
Sweden Stockholm Swedish Krona
Switzerland Bern Swiss Franc
Syria Damascus Syrian Pound
Taiwan Taipei New Taiwan Dollar
Tajikistan Dushanbe Somoni
Tanzania Dodoma Tanzanian shilling
Thailand Bangkok Thai Baht
Togo Lome West African CFA Franc
Tonga Nuku'alofa Pa'anga
Trinidad and Tobago Port-of-Spain Trinidad and Tobago Dollar
Tunisia Tunis Tunisian Dinar
Turkey Ankara Turkish Lira
Turkmenistan Ashgabat Turkmen New Manat
Tuvalu Funafuti Tuvaluan Dollar/ Australian dollar
Uganda Kampala Ugandan Shilling
Ukraine Kiev Hryvnia
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi Dirham
United Kingdom London Pound Sterling
United States of America Washington D.C. United States Dollar
Uruguay Montevideo Uruguayan Peso
Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan Som
Vanuatu Port-Vila Vanuatu Vatu
Vatican City Vatican City Euro
Venezuela Caracas Bolivar
Vietnam Hanoi Dong
Yemen Sanaa Yemeni Rial
Zambia Lusaka Zambian Kwacha
Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwean Dollar

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Chapter
33 International Summits
• G-20 Leaders’ Summit 2021 - The 2021 G20 (Group of Twenty) Summit was held in Rome, Italy on October 30 and
31, 2021. It was the 16th meeting of the G20 group. The meeting was held under the chairmanship of Italian Prime
Minister Mario Draghi. The summit concluded with the adoption of the Rome Declaration by G20 Leaders.
• G-20 Leader’s Summit 2022 will be host by Indonesia.
• G-7 Leader Summit 2021 - The 47th G7 Leaders’ Summit 2021 (Outreach Session of the G7 meeting) took place in a
Hybrid format from June 11-13, 2021 at Cornwall, United Kingdom (UK). It was hosted by the United Kingdom (UK)
as it holds the Presidency of G7 for 2021. The theme for the Summit – ‘Building Back Better’.
• The 48th G7 Summit i.e. the G7 Summit 2022 will be held in Germany
• 13th BRICS Summit 2021 - Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi has chaired the 13th BRICS Summit, through
video conferencing. The theme of the India-led Summit was “BRICS@15: Intra-BRICS Cooperation for Continuity,
Consolidation and Consensus.” The theme chosen by India reflects the fifteenth anniversary of BRICS, being observed
in 2021. PM Modi called for enhanced BRICS cooperation under the motto of ‘Build-back Resiliently, Innovatively,
Credibly and Sustainably’.
• 14th BRICS in 2022 will be held in China.
• Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit 2021 - The 21st Meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation
Organisation (SCO) Council of Heads of State was held in hybrid format on September 17, 2021, in Dushanbe,
Tajikistan. The meeting was held under the Chairmanship of the President of Tajikistan, Emomali Rahmon
• UNFCCC COP 26 {UN Framework Convention on Climate Change} - The United Nation’s COP 26 climate change
conference set to take place in Glasgow,Scotland.
• 2021 NATO summit - The leaders of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit held on
NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.
• 18th India-ASEAN Summit 2021 - Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi co-chaired the virtual 18th India-
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Summit 2021 at Brunei.
• East Asia Summit 2021 - 16th East Asia Summit 2021 will be hosted in Brunie, Bandar Seri Begawan under the
leadership of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
• NAM Summit 2021 - Azerbaijan will hold the NAM presidency for 3 years until the 19th summit in 2022. 18th Summit
of the Non-Aligned Movement was held October 25 and 26, 2019 in Baku.
• APEC Summit 2021 - In 2021, New Zealand will host APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) virtually.
• COP 13 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) - The 13th Conference of
Parties (COP) of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), an environmental
treaty under the aegis of United Nations Environment Programme, is going to be hosted by India during 17th to 22nd
February 2020 at Gandhinagar in Gujarat.
• Summit of the Americas 2018- The Summits of the Americas are institutionalized gatherings of the heads of state
and government of the Western Hemisphere where leaders discuss common policy issues, affirm shared values and
commit to concerted actions at the national and regional level to address continuing and new challenges faced in the
Americas. The Eighth Summit of the Americas was held on April 13 and 14, 2018 in Lima, Peru.
• The 44th G7 summit will be held on June 8 and 9, 2018, in La Malbaie, Quebec, Canada. This was the sixth time since
1981 that Canada has hosted the meetings.
• European Summit 2018 of the Heads of state and Government of the European Union held in Brussels.
• The NATO Summit 2018 will be held in Brussels on July 11–12.
• South Africa (Johannesburg) will host the 10th summit of the BRICS bloc, which groups Brazil, Russia, India, China
and South Africa. The BRICS Summit is scheduled for 25 to 27 July 2018.
• The 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit will be the thirteenth meeting of Group of Twenty (G20). It will be held in 2018
in the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina). It will be the first-ever G20 summit to be hosted in South America.

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• UNFCCC COP 24 {UN Framework Convention on Climate Change} will take place from 3-14 December 2018, in
Katowice, Poland.
• The 51st ADB Annual Meeting was held on 5 May 2018 in Manila, Philippines.
• 18th NAM Summit 2019 will be hosted by Azerbaijan.
• The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2018, also known as CHOGM 2018, was the 25th meeting of
the heads of government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom.
• The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) will host the 7th OPEC International Seminar at the
Imperial Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria, on 20−21 June 2018 under the theme, ‘Petroleum – cooperation for a
sustainable future’.
• 33rd ASEAN Summit 2018 will be held in Singapore on Nov. 11, 2018 to Nov. 15, 2018.
• Singapore will be hosting the 13th East Asia Summit (EAS) in November.
• 30th APEC Summit 2018 will be held in Papua, New Guinea Port Mores.
• 31st APEC Summit 2019 will be held in Chile.
• SCO Summit 2018 held in Qingdao, China.

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Chapter
34 Important Days Observed

January
in the World
• World Braille Day is celebrated every year on 4th January around the world to commemorate the birthday of Louis
Braille.
• Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is celebrated every year on 9th January by the Republic of India to mark the contribution
of the overseas Indian community towards the development of India.
• The World Hindi Day is celebrated every year on 10 January.
• National Youth Day is celebrated in India on 12th January on the birthday of Swami Vivekananda.
• Army Day is celebrated on 15 th January every year in India, in recognition of Field Marshal Kodandera M. Cariappa's
taking over as the first Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army.
• National girl child day is celebrated every year on 24th January as a national observance day for the girl child.
• National Voters' Day is celebrated every year on 25th January to encourage more young voters to take part in the
political process.
• India Republic Day is celebrated every year on 26th January the day marks the sovereignty of the country, as on this
day in 1950, the Constitution of India was adopted.
• Martyrs' Day is an annual day observed by nations on 30th January to salute the martyrdom of soldiers who lost their
lives defending the sovereignty of the nation.
• World Leprosy Day is annually observed around the world on the last Sunday of January.
February
• World Cancer Day is an international day marked on 4th February to raise awareness of cancer and to encourage its
prevention, detection, and treatment.
• International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation is a United Nations-sponsored annual
awareness day that takes place on 6th February as part of the UN's efforts to eradicate female genital mutilation. It
was first introduced in 2003.
• Safer Internet Day is celebrated on second day of the second week of February an annual global initiative that
promotes the safe, responsible and positive use of digital technology.
• The National Deworming Day is observed on 10th February by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and its
main objective is to deworm children between the ages of (1-19) at schools and anganwadi centres.
• The National Productivity Day is observed every year in India on 12th February.
• World Radio Day is an observance day held annually on 13th February. World Radio Day is about celebrating radio,
why we love it and why we need it today more than ever.
• World Day of Social Justice is celebrated every year on 20th February.
• International Mother Language Day (IMLD) is a worldwide annual observance held on 21 February to promote
awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and promote multilingualism.
• National Science Day is celebrated in India on 28th February each year to mark the discovery of the Raman effect by
Indian physicist Sir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman.
March
• Zero Discrimination Day is celebrated every year on 01th March that promotes diversity and recognizes that
everyone counts.
• World Wildlife Day is celebrated every year on 03th March.
• National Defence Day is also observed on 03th March.
• National Security Day is celebrated every year on 04th March.
• International Women's Day is celebrated every year on 08th March.
• No Smoking Day is celebrated every year on the second Wednesday in March.
• World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated every year on 15th March.
• Ordnance Factories Day is observed all over India on 18th March every year.
• World Forestry Day or International Day of Forests is celebrated worldwide every year on 21st of March.

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• World Water Day is an annual observance day on 22th March to highlight the importance of freshwater. It is also
used to advocate for the sustainable management of freshwater resources.
• World Meteorological Day is an annual observance day on 23th March.
• World Tuberculosis Day is an annual observance day on 24th March.
• World Theatre Day is an annual observance day on 27th March.
April
• World Autism Awareness Day is an internationally recognized day on 2th April every year.
• International Day for Mine Awareness is an internationally recognized day on 4th April every year.
• The World Health Day is a global health awareness day celebrated every year on 7 th April.
• World Homeopathy Day is celebrated every year on 10th April.
• National Safe Motherhood Day is celebrated every year on 11th April.
• World Hemophilia Day is celebrated every year on 17 th April.
• World Heritage Day is celebrated every year on 18 th April.
• Secretary's day is celebrated every year on 21 th April.
• Earth Day is an annual event celebrated on 22 th April.
• World Book Day or World Book and Copyright Day is a yearly event on 23th April, organized by the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to promote reading, publishing and copyright.
• National Panchayati Raj Day is the national day of India celebrated by Ministry of Panchayati Raj on 24 April
annually.
• International Dance Day is celebrated every year on 29 April.
May
• International Workers' Day, also known as Labour Day is celebrated every year on 1 May.
• World Press Freedom Day is celebrated every year on 3 May.
• World Laughter Day takes place on the first Sunday of May of every year.
• World Asthma Day is an annual event organized by the Global Initiative for Asthma to improve asthma awareness
and care around the world. World Asthma Day takes place on the first Tuesday of May.
• Mother’s Day is celebrated in honor of the mothers and is celebrated every year on 2nd Sunday of May.
• Coal Miners Day is celebrated every year on 04 May.
• International Firefighters' Day (IFFD) is celebrated every year on 04 May.
• The World Athletics Day is celebrated every year on 07 May.
• World Red Cross day is celebrated every year on 8th May as the birthday anniversary of founder of the Red Cross.
• International Thalassaemia Day is celebrated every year on 8th May
• National Technology Day is celebrated every year on 11th of May.
• International Nurses Day is an international day celebrated around the world on 12 May of each year, to mark the
contributions nurses make to society.
• International Day of Families is celebrated every year on 15th May.
• World Telecommunications Day is celebrated every year on 17 th May.
• World Hypertension Day is celebrated every year on 17th May.
• World AIDS Vaccine Day is celebrated every year on 18th May.
• The International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated every year on 22 May.
• Commonwealth Day is celebrated every year on 24 May.
• World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) is observed around the world every year on 31 May.
June
• World Milk Day is celebrated every year on 01 June.
• International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression is celebrated every year on 04 June.
• World Environment Day is celebrated every year on 05 June.
• Father’s Day is celebrated worldwide to recognize the contribution that fathers and father figures make to the lives
of their children. it is celebrated on a variety of dates worldwide, many countries observe this day on the 3rdSunday
in June.

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• World Oceans Day is a global celebration on 8 June.
• Anti-Child Labour Day is a global celebration on 12 june.
• World Blood Donor Day is celebrated every year on 14 June.
• World Refugee Day, international observance observed on 20 June each year, is dedicated to raising awareness of
the situation of refugees throughout the world.
• International Day of Yoga, is celebrated every year on 21 June.
• International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is celebrated every year on 26 June.
July
• The National Doctors' Day is celebrated every year on 1st of July.
• World Zoonoses Day is celebrated every year on 6 July.
• World Population day is an annual event, observed on 11 July every year, which seeks to raise awareness of global
population issues.
• Nelson Mandela International Day is an annual international day in honour of Nelson Mandela, celebrated each year
on 18 July, Mandela's birthday.
August
• International Friendship Day is celebrated every year on 1st Sunday.
• Hiroshima Day is observed on 6 th August.
• Quit India Day is celebrated every year on 09th August.
• Nagasaki Day is celebrated every year on 09th August.
• India's Independence Day is celebrated every year on 15 August.
• Senior Citizens Day is celebrated every year on 21 st August.
• International Day of the World's Indigenous People is observed on 09th August each year to promote and protect
the rights of the world's.
• World Photography Day is celebrated every year on 19th August.
• The National Sports Day is celebrated every year on 29th August.
September
• World Coconut Day is celebrated every year on 02th September.
• Teachers' Day is celebrated every year on 05th September.
• International Literacy Day is celebrated every year on 08 september.
• The Engineering Community across India celebrates Engineers Day in India is on 15 September every year as a
tribute to the greatest Indian Engineer Bharat Ratna Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.
• World Ozone Day is celebrated every year on 16 September.
• World Peace Day / non- violence Day is a holiday observed annually on 21 September.
• World Alzheimer's Day is celebrated every year on 21 September.
• World Deaf Day is celebrated every year in last week (last Sunday of the month of September).
• World Tourism Day as international observances on 27 September.
• World Heart Day is celebrated every year on 29 September.
• World Rivers day is a global celebration of rivers that occurs on the last Saturday of September.
• The International Day of Older Persons is observed on 01st October.
• The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on 2nd October.
• World Habitat Day is observed every year on the first Monday of October throughout the world.
• World Animal Day is an international day of action for animal rights and welfare celebrated annually on 04 October,
the feast day of Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of animals.
• India Air Force day is celebrated every year on 8th of October.
• World Post Day is celebrated each year on 9 October.
• World Mental Health Day is celebrated every year on 10 October for global mental health education, awareness and
advocacy against social stigma.

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• World Sight Day (WSD) is an annual day of awareness held on the second Thursday of October, to focus global
attention on blindness and vision impairment.
• International Day for Disaster Reduction, held annually on 13th October.
• World Standards Day (or International Standards Day) is celebrated internationally each year on 14 October.
• World Students' Day is an Indian holiday marking the birthday of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam. It is observed on Kalam's
birthday on 15 October.
• World Food Day is celebrated every year around the world on 16 October in honor of the date of the founding of the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1945.
• United Nations Day is devoted to making known to people of the world the aims and achievements of the United
Nations Organization. United Nations Day is part of United Nations Week, which runs from 20 to 26 October. In 1948,
the United Nations General Assembly declared 24 October.
• World Thrift Day is celebrated every year on 31st October worldwide to promote savings and financial security of
individual and nation as a whole.
November
• World Tsunami Awareness Day celebrates on 05 November efforts to “reduce the number of affected people” when
a tsunami strikes.
• National Cancer Awareness Day will be observed across the country on 07 November.
• Legal Services Day is celebrated every year on 09th of November.
• Children's Day is celebrated every year on 14 November.
• National Epilepsy Day is celebrated every year on 17 November.
• Africa Industrialization Day is celebrated every year on 20 November.
• World Television Day is celebrated every year on 21 November.
• The International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People is a UN-organized observance on 29 November.
December
• World AIDS Day, is celebrated every year on 01 December.
• The National Pollution Control Day is celebrated every year on 2nd of December in India.
• Navy Day is celebrated every year on 04 December of in India.
• The Armed Forces Flag Day is celebrated every year on 07 December
• Human Rights Day is celebrated annually across the world on 10 December every year.
• International Mountain Day is celebrated annually across the world on 11 December.
• The Minority Rights Day is celebrated annually across the world on On 18th December.
• National Mathematics Day is celebrated annually across the world on 22 December.
• Kisan Diwas is celebrated annually across the world on 23 December.
• National Consumer Day is celebrated annually across the world on 24 December.
• Christmas Day is celebrated annually across the world on 25 December.

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Chapter
Important Financial, Economics
35 & Budget Terms
Dividend Distribution Tax
This is a tax levied on companies that pay out dividends to its shareholders, i.e. share a portion of earnings with them.
Venture Capital Funds

These are funds that invest in startups, a financially riskier proposition than investing in established companies.
Securities Transaction Tax

It is a tax on all transactions done over the stock exchanges involving securities such as shares, derivatives, and equity-
linked mutual funds.
Capital Gains Tax

It is a tax on the gains that ensue when an asset is sold for a price higher than what it was bought for.
Ad Valorem Tax
This is charged as a percentage of the value of a good or service, not at a specific rate per unit.
Advance Pricing Agreement (APA)

It is an agreement between a taxpaying entity and the taxman that indicates how the former will price transactions with
its associates.
Fiscal Consolidation
The term refers to the things a Government does to maintain good fiscal health — cut debt and wasteful expenditure and
improve revenue opportunities.
Current Account Deficit

It is a trade measure that shows the value of a country’s imports of goods and services to be higher than the value of its
exports.
Bear market
A period during which the majority of securities prices in a particular market (such as the stock market) drop substantially.
Bull market
A period during which the majority of securities prices in a particular market (such as the stock market) rise substantially.
Inflation risk
The risk that the purchasing power of the future value of assets or income will be lower due to inflation.
Interest rate risk

Risk of gain or loss on a security due to possible changes in interest rate levels. When interest rates rise, the market value
of a debt security will fall, and vice versa.
Direct and Indirect Taxes
Direct taxes are the one that fall directly on individuals and corporations. For example, income tax, corporate tax etc.
Indirect taxes are imposed on goods and services. They are paid by consumers when they buy goods and services. These
include excise duty, customs duty etc.
Customs Duty
These are levies charged when goods are imported into, or exported from, the country, and they are paid by the importer
or exporter. Usually, these are also passed on to the consumer.

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Primary Deficit
The primary deficit is the Fiscal deficit minus interest payments. It tells how much of the Government's borrowings are
going towards meeting expenses other than interest payments.
Monetary Policy
This comprises actions taken by the central bank (i.e. RBI) to regulate the level of money or liquidity in the economy, or
change the interest rates.
Fiscal policy
It is the government actions with respect to aggregate levels of revenue and spending. Fiscal policy is implemented though
the budget and is the primary means by which the government can influence the economy.
Fiscal Deficit
When the government's non-borrowed receipts fall short of its entire expenditure, it has to borrow money form the public
to meet the shortfall. The excess of total expenditure over total non-borrowed receipts is called the fiscal deficit.
Revenue Deficit
The difference between revenue expenditure and revenue receipt is known as revenue deficit. It shows the shortfall of
government's current receipts over current expenditure.
Capital Budget
It consists of capital receipts and payments. It includes investments in shares, loans and advances granted by the central
Government to State Governments, Government companies, corporations and other parties.
Vote on Account
The Vote on Account is a grant made in advance by the parliament, in respect of the estimated expenditure for a part of
new Financial year, pending the completion of procedure relating to the voting on the Demand for Grants and the passing
of the Appropriation Act.
Guillotine
Parliament, unfortunately, has very limited time for scrutinizing the expenditure demands of all the Ministries. So, once
the prescribed period for the discussion on Demands for Grants is over, the Speaker of Lok Sabha puts all the outstanding
Demands for Grants, whether discussed or not, to the vote of the House. This process is popularly known as 'Guillotine'.
Public Account
• Under provisions of Article 266(1) of the Constitution of India, Public Account is used in relation to all the fund flows
where Government is acting as a banker. Examples include Provident Funds and Small Savings. This money does not
belong to government but is to be returned to the depositors. The expenditure from this fund need not be approved
by the Parliament.

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Chapter
36 Sports and Games

Football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer is a team sport played with a spherical ball between
two teams of eleven players.
The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end.
The Trophies and Cups: -

FIFA World Cup-
• It takes place every four years and thirty-two teams play this major event.
• The 2018 World Cup was held in Russia; France defeated Croatia by 4 goals to lift the trophy.
• The 2022 FIFA World Cup is scheduled to take place in Qatar, Doha
FIFA Confederations Cup-

• The most recent Confederations Cup was held in June 2017 in Russia, where Germany beat Chile 1-0 to win the cup.
UEFA European Football Championship-

• The most recent championship was won by Italy in 2020.
Santosh Trophy (National Championship)

B.C. Raj Trophy (National Championship)
DCM Trophy Durand Cup
Subroto Mukherjee Cup

Famous players:
• Cristiano Ronaldo(Portugal)
• Neymar(Brazil)
• Lionel Messi(Argentina)
• David Beckham(United Kingdom)
• Eden Hazard(Belgium)
• Mohamed Salah(Egypt)
• Wayne Rooney(United Kingdom)
• Pep Guardiola(Spain)
• Ronaldinho(Brazil)
• Sergio Agüero(Argentina)
• Kaká(Brazil)
Famous Indian players

• Baichung Bhutia
• Sunil Chhetri
• Peter Thangaraj
• Jeakson Singh
• Jarnail Singh Dhillon
Related Term:
• Kick, Goal, Head, Penalty kick, Dribble, Off side, Move, Hattrick, Foul, Left out, Right out, Stopper, Defender, Sideback,
Pass, Baseline, Rebound, Comer bick, etc.
National games of Countries:

• Brazil, Denmark, Haiti, Israel, Mauritius, France

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BASKETBALL
Basketball, game played between two teams of five players each on a rectangular court, usually indoors.
The Trophies and Cups:-

FIBA Basketball World Cup:
• The current champions are the Spain, who defeated Argentina in the final of the 2019 tournament, which was held in
China.
• The 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup will be the 19th tournament of the FIBA Basketball World Cup for men's national
basketball teams. The tournament will be hosted in Indonesia, Japan & Philippines.
Euro League:
• The EuroLeague, known as the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague for sponsorship reasons, is the top-tier European
professional basketball club competition, organized by Euroleague Basketball since 2000.
• Real Madrid is also the current champion, having defeated Fenerbahçe in the 2018 final.
Famous Players:
• LeBron James
• Michael Jordan
• Magic Johnson
• Wilt Chamberlain
• Oscar Robertson
Related Term:
• Free throw, Common foul, Under head, Technical foul, Overhead, etc.
National Game of Countries:

• Lithuania, Latvia (Summer), Estonia
CRICKET
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 20-
metre (22-yard) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps.
The bat is made of wood, usually salix alba (white willow), and has the shape of a blade topped by a cylindrical handle.
The blade must not be more than four and one quarter inches (108 mm) wide and the total length of the bat not more than
38 inches (965 mm). There is no standard for the weight which is usually between 2 lb 7 oz and 3 lb (1.1 and 1.4 kg).
The ball is a hard leather-seamed spheroid, with a circumference of 22.9 centimetres (9.0 in). The ball has a "seam":
six rows of stitches attaching the leather shell of the ball to the string and cork interior.

ICC Cricket World Cup:
• The ICC Cricket World Cup is the international championship of One Day International (ODI) cricket. The event is
organized by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC), every four years.
• The 2019 Cricket World Cup was the 12th Cricket World Cup, hosted by England and Wales.
• England defeated New Zealand to win their First ICC Cricket World Cup 2019.
• Ten teams participated in 2019 world cup.
• The 2023 Cricket World Cup is the 13th edition of the Cricket World Cup, scheduled to be hosted by India.
• The 2019 World Cup will feature 10 teams, a decrease from previous World Cups in 2011 and 2015 which featured
14 teams.
Ashes Trophy:
• The Ashes is a Test cricket series played between England and Australia.
• 2019 Ashes series recently played in England, Australia retained the Ashes after winning the fourth Test, with England
levelling the series 2–2 in the final test, resulting in the first drawn Ashes series since 1972.
• The 2021-22 Ashes Series is an upcoming series of Test cricket matches to be played between England and Australia
for The Ashes in Australia.
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Asia Cup:
• The ACC Asia Cup is a men’s One Day International and Twenty20 International cricket tournament.
• It was originally scheduled to be held every two years.
• The 2018 Asia Cup was a One-Day International (ODI) cricket tournament that was held in the United Arab Emirates
in September 2018.
• Number of team participated in 2018 Asia cup was 6 : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Hong
Kong
• India was the defending champions and retained their title, after beating Bangladesh by three wickets in the final.
• The 2022 Asia cup scheduled to be hosted by SriLanka.
Ranji Trophy:
• The Ranji Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket championship played in India between teams representing regional
and state cricket associations.
• The current Ranji Trophy champion is Saurashtra, which won against Bengal in the final match of the 2019–20 season
held at Chandigarh.
• Some More Cricket Trophies
1. Deodhar Trophy
2. Duleep Trophy
3. Gavaskar–Border Trophy
4. Vijay Hazare Trophy
Most popular players:

• Brett Lee
• Muttiah Muralitharan
• Lasith Malinga
• Chris Gayle
• Brian Lara
• Wasim Akram
• M S Dhoni
• Shoaib Akhtar
• Shahid Afridi
• Sachin Tendulkar
Related term:
Toss, Run, Wicket, Pitch, Stump, Bails, Crease, Pavalion, Gloves, Wicket Keeper, Over, , Followon, Rubber, Spin, Ashes,
Catch, Bowled, Stump out, Run out, L. B. W; Hit Wicket, Googley, Not out, No ball, Wide ball, Dead ball, Maiden over, Over
Throw, Bye, Leg by, , Cover drive, Late cut, Hook, Glance, Stroke, Shot, Pull, Sixer, Followthrough, Turn, , , Bouncer, Hattrick,
Round the wicket, Over the wicket, Seamer, Boundry line, Slip, Square leg, Runner, Cover, Yorker, Gully, Long on, Silly
point, Midwicket, Mid on, Forward short leg, Deep/mid-wicket, etc.
NATIONAL GAME OF COUNTRIES:

• Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Barbados, Bermuda, England, Jamaica
GOLF
Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few
strokes as possible.

• Canada Cup
• Ryder Cup
• Walker Cup
• Eisenhower Cup
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Most popular players:
• Jack Nicklaus
• Tiger Woods
• Bobby Jones
• Walter Hagen
• Sam Snead
• Arnold Palme
Most popular Indian players:

• Shiv Kapur
• Anirban Lahiri
• Arjun Atwal
• Jyoti Randhawa
• Jeev Milkha Singh
• Gaganjeet Bhullar
Related term:
• Albatross, Golf Ball, Birdie, Bogey, Bunker, Caddie, Coloured Flags, Eagle, 18 Hole Round, Fairway, Fore!, Golf, Links,
'Out' and 'In', Par, Rules of Golf, Stymie, Tee, Water Hazard
National Game of countries: -

• Scotland
TENNIS
Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of
two players each (doubles).

Australian Open:
• The Australian Open is a tennis tournament held annually over the last fortnight of January in Melbourne, Australia.
• Novak Djokovic was the winner of the Men's Singles in 2021. It was his 18th Major Singles title and his Nineth at the
Australian Open.
• Naomi Osaka was the winner of the Women's Singles in 2021. It was her 4th Grand Slam singles title.
• Filip Polasek and Ivan Dodig were the winner of Men's Doubles team in 2021.
• Elise Mertens and Aryan Sabalenka were the winner of Women's Doubles team in 2021.
French Open:
• The French Open also called Roland-Garros, is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and
early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France.
• Novak Djokovic was the winner of the Men's Singles in 2021. It was his 19th Grand Slam singles title and 2nd title at
Roland Garros.
• Barbora Krejcikova was the winner of the Women's Singles in 2021. It was her Seventh Grand Slam title
• Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut were the winner of Men's Doubles team in 2021.
• Barbora Krejčíková and Kateřina Siniaková were the winner of Women's Doubles team in 2021.
• Desirae Krawczyk and Joe Salisbury were the winner of Mixed Doubles team in 2021.
The Championships, Wimbledon:

• The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the
world, and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London,
since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts.
• Novak Djokovic was the winner of the Wimbledon Singles in 2021. It was his 20th Grand Slam Men's Singles title and
his Sixth Wimbledon title.
• Ashleigh Barty was the winner of the Women Singles in 2021. It was her Thirteen Grand Slam Women's Singles title.

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• Nikola Mektic And Mate Pavic were the winner of Men's Doubles team in 2021.
• Hsieh Su-wei and Elise Mertens were the winner of Women's Doubles title in 2021.
• Neal Skupski and Desirae Krawczyk were the winner of Mixed Doubles title in 2021.
United States Open Tennis Championships:

• The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard-court tennis tournament. The tournament is the modern
version of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, for which men's
singles was first played in 1881.
• Daniiel Medvedev won the men's singles title. This was his First Grand Slam singles title.
• Emma Raducanu won the women's singles title. This was her first Grand Slam title.
• Rajeev Ram (USA) and Joe Sailsbury were the winner of men's doubles team in 2021.
• Samantha Stosur and Zhang Shuai were the winner of the women's doubles team in 2021.
• Desirae Krawczyk and Joe Sailsbury were the winner of Mixed Doubles team in 2021.
Davis Cup:
• The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation
(ITF) and is contested annually between teams from competing countries in a knock-out format. It is described by the
organisers as the "World Cup of Tennis", and the winners are referred to as the World Champion team.
• The competition began in 1900 as a challenge between Great Britain and the United States. By 2016, 135 nations
entered teams into the competition.
• The most successful countries over the history of the tournament are the United States (winning 32 tournaments and
finishing as runners-up 29 times) and Australia (winning 28 times, including four occasions with New Zealand as
Australasia, and finishing as runners-up 19 times).
• The present champions are Croatia, who beat France to win their second title in 2018.
Famous Players:
• Rafael Nadal
• Roger Federer
• Serena Williams
• Novak Djokovic
• Maria Sharapova
• Martina Hingis
• Andy Murray
• Sania Mirza
• Leander Paes
• Mahesh Bhupathi
Related Terms:
Service, Grandslam, Deuce, Advantage, Game Point, Break point, Smash, Shot, Break, Grass Court, Drop shot, Netplay,
Baseline, etc.
National Game of countries:

• Tennis is not national game for any country.
ICE HOCKEY
Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to
shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.
Teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying
to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.

Ice Hockey World Championships
• The Ice Hockey World Championships are an annual international men's ice hockey tournament organized by the
International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). First officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics, it is the sport's highest
profile annual international tournament.

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Kontinental Hockey League
• The Czech Extraliga
• The Finnish Liiga
• The Swedish Hockey League
Famous Players:
• Alexander Ovechkin
• Sidney Crosby
• Wayne Gretzky
• Nick Kypreos
• Brian Leetch
Related Terms:
• Assist, Attacking Zone, Backhander Shot, Backcheck, Backstop, Bender, Blue line, Center, Dump And Chase, Wrap
Around, etc.
National game of countries:

• Canada (In Winter), Czech Republic
VOLLYBALL
Volleyball is a popular team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score
points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.
It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since Tokyo 1964.

• Centennial Cup
• Federation Cup
• Indira Pradhan Trophy
• Shivanthi Gold Cup
Famous Players:-
• Kerri Walsh Jennings
• Giba
• Ivan Zaytsev
• Sheilla Castro
• Yumilka Ruiz
Related Terms:
• Spikers, Booster, Deuce, Smash, Sidearm, Penetration, etc.
National games of countries:

• Nepal and Sri Lanka
RUGBY
Rugby union, commonly known in most of the world simply as rugby, Rugby is a contact team sport which originated
in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball
in hand.
In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field
with H-shaped g
oalposts at each end.
Trophies and Cups: -

• Bledisloe Cup
• Calcutta Cup
• Webb Ellis Trophy

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Famous Players:
• Richie McCaw
• Dan Carter
• Brian O'Driscoll
• Jonah Lomu
• Jonny Wilkinson
Related Terms:
• conversion kick, drop goal, drop-kick, fly half, hooker, place kick, prop, scrum half

• New Zealand, Wales, Georgia
BOXING
Boxing is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other for a
predetermined amount of time in a boxing ring.

• Aspy Adjahia Trophy
• Federations Cup
• Val Baker Trophy
Famous Players:
• Floyd Mayweather
• Muhammad Ali
• Mike Tyson
• Mary Kom
• Sugar Ray Leonard
Related Terms: -
• Knock out, Ring Stoppage, Punch, Round, Upper-cut, Kidney punch, Timing, Foot work, etc.

• Boxing is not national game for any country.
BASEBALL
Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams who take turns batting and fielding. The game
proceeds when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball which a player on the batting team tries to
hit with a bat.
A baseball game is played between two teams, each composed of nine players.
Famous Players:
• Mike Trout
• Clayton Kershaw
• David Price
• Miguel Cabrera
• Yoenis Céspedes
Related Terms: -
• Pinching, Home run, Base runner, Perfect game, Throw, Strike, Put out, etc.

• Latvia, Cuba, USA, Venezuela

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FORMULA 1
Formula One (Formula 1) is the highest class of single-seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération
Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and owned by the Formula One Group.
The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its
inaugural season in 1950.
A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, which take place worldwide on purpose-built
circuits and on public roads.

• Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
• Australian Grand Prix
• Bahrain Grand Prix
• Belgian Grand Prix
• Brazilian Grand Prix
• British Grand Prix
• German Grand Prix
• Hungarian Grand Prix
Famous Players:
• Lewis Hamilton
• Valtteri Bottas
• Sebastian Vettel
• Max Verstappen
• Daniel Ricciardo
Related Terms:
• 107% rule, Backmarker, Blistering, Cockpit, Delta Time, Drive-through penalty, Flat spot, Formation lap or warm-up
lap, Jump start, Lollipop, Parc ferme, Pit board, Pit wall, Pits, Steward, Tire warmer, Visor strip, Constructor, Circuit,
etc.
LACROSSE
Lacrosse is a team sport played with a lacrosse stick and a lacrosse ball. Players use the head of the lacrosse stick to
carry, pass, catch, and shoot the ball into the goal.
There are ten players on each team: three attackmen, three midfielders, three defensemen, and one goalie. Each
player carries a lacrosse stick.
The sport has four versions that have different sticks, fields, rules and equipment: field lacrosse, women's lacrosse,
box lacrosse and intercrosse. The men's games, field lacrosse (outdoor) and box lacrosse (indoor), are contact sports and
all players wear protective gear: helmet, gloves, shoulder pads, and elbow pads.
The sport is governed by the Federation of International Lacrosse.

• NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship
• NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship
• World Lacrosse Championship
• NCAA Division III Men's Lacrosse Championship
• World Indoor Lacrosse Championship
• Women's Lacrosse World Cup
• Mann Cup
Famous Players: -
• Paul Rabil
• Lyle Thompson
• Hannah Nielsen
• Kristen Kjellman
• Miles Thompson

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Related terms: -
• Attack area, Attacker, Clear, Crease, Cross check, Crosse, Defender, Defensive Area, Face-off, Goal, Goal Keeper, Fast
break, Man-up Man-Down (power play), Midfielder, Offsides, Ride, Settled, Slashing , Stick , Transition , Unsettled ,
Wing area, etc.

• Canada (in Summer)
HANDBALL
Handball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a
ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team. A standard match consists of two periods
of 30 minutes, and the team that scores more goals wins.

• Handball-Bundesliga
• International Handball Federation
• IHF World Women's Handball Championship
• European Men's Handball Championship
Famous Players: -
• Nikola Karabatić
• Mikkel Hansen
• Domagoj Duvnjak
• Gro Hammerseng
• Katrine Lunde
Related Terms:
• Court player, Goalie, Corner Throw, Free throw, Penalty throw, Referee’s throw, Dive shot, Goal, Throw-in, Throw-on,
Throw out, etc.
National games of countries: -

• Iceland
FIELD HOCKEY
Field hockey is a team game of the hockey family. The earliest origins of the game date back to the Middle Ages in Pakistan.
The game can be played on grass, water turf, artificial turf or synthetic field as well as an indoor board surface.
Each team plays with eleven players, including the goalie.
Players use sticks made out of wood, carbon fibre, fibre glass or a combination of carbon fibre and fibre glass in different
quantities to hit a round, hard, plastic ball. The length of the stick depends on the player's individual height.
Men’s Hockey Trophies and Cups: -

• The ASHF Asia Cup: - The ASHF Asia Cup is an international men's and women's field hockey tournament governed
by the Asian Hockey Federation (ASHF). It was introduced in 1982 for men's competition and the women's
competition was added a year later as non-official championship until the official tournament held in 1985. South
Korea has been the most successful team with 4 titles in Men's and 3 titles in Women's competition. India has reached
the most number of finals in Men's (8 times) and South Korea, Japan(tied) in Women's (5 times) competitions.
• Hockey World Cup: -
➢ The Men's Hockey World Cup is an international field hockey competition organized by the International Hockey
Federation (FIH). The tournament was started in 1971. It is held every four years, bridging the four years between
the Summer Olympics.
➢ There is also a Women's Hockey World Cup, which has been held since 1974 and was organised by the
International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations (IFWHA) until 1981, when the governing bodies
merged into the current International Hockey Federation in 1982.

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➢ Pakistan is the most successful team, having won the tournament four times. The Netherlands and Australia have
each won three titles, and Germany has won two titles. Belgium and India have both won the tournament once.
➢ The 2018 tournament was held in Bhubaneswar, India from 28 November to 16 December. Belgium defeated
Netherlands in a penalty shoot-out 3–2 after the match ended in a 0–0 tie to win their first World Cup title. The
World Cup expanded to 16 teams in 2018, and FIH will evaluate the possibility of increasing it to 24 in 2022.
➢ The 2023 Hockey World Cup will be held at the Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneswar.
Some Important Hockey Cup

• Aga khan Cup
• Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup
• Dhyanchand Trophy
• Sindhia Gold cup
• Murugappa Gold Cup
• Wellington Cup
• Nehru Trophy
• Stanley Cup
• Sultan Azlan Shah Cup
Women’s Hockey Trophies and Cups: -

• Lady Ratan Tata trophy
• Nehru trophy
• Begam Rasul Torphy
• Lady Ratan Tata Trophy
• Gurunanak Championship
Famous Players: -
• Dhyan Chand
• Sohail Abbas
• Maddie Hinch
• Alexandra Danson
• Dhanraj Pillay
• Sandeep Singh
• Sardar Singh
Related terms: -
• Bully, Short corner, Hattrick, Goal, Penalty Corner, Penalty stroke, Pushin, Cut, Scoop, Dribble, Centre forward, Half
back, Astroturf, Sudden death, Left in, Left out, Off-side, Tie breaker, Carried, Stick, Striking circle, Under cutting, etc.

• India, Pakistan
BADMINTON
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with
larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two
players per side).
Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a
rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing
side's half of the court.

• All England Open Badminton Championships: - The All England Open Badminton Championships is the world's oldest
badminton tournament, held annually in England. With the introduction of the BWF's latest grading system, it was
given Superseries status in 2007, upgraded to Superseries Premier status in 2011.
• Aggrawal Cup

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• Amrit Diwan Cup
• Asia Cup
• Australasia Cup
• Chaddha Cup
• European Cup
• Harilela Cup
• Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup
• Konica Cup
• Sophia Cup
• Kitiakara Cup
• Thomas Cup
• Tunku Abdulrahman Cup
• Uber Cup
• Yonex Cup
Famous players: -
• Saina Nehwal
• Lee Chong Wei
• Lin Dan
• P. V. Sindhu
• Carolina Marin
• Srikanth Kidambi
• Ashwini Ponnappa
Related terms: -
• Shuttle cock, Service court, Double fault, Fore hand, Back Hand, Smash, Hit, Drop, Net, Love, , etc.

• Indonesia
TABLE TENNIS
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth
across a table using small rackets.
The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve, the rules are generally as follows:
players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table, and must return it so that it
bounces on the opposite side at least once.
Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), founded in
1926. ITTF currently includes 226 member associations.

Men:
• Berna Bellack cup
• Ramanuja Trophy (Junior)
• Swathling Cup
Women:
• Cobillion Cup
• Jai Laxmi cup
• Rajkumari Challenge Cup (junior)
• Travancore Cup

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Famous Players: -
• Ma Long
• Timo Boll
• Zhang Jike
• Soumyajit Ghosh
• Kasumi Ishikawa
Related Terms: -
• Volley, Late service, Drive spin, Half volley, Back hand, Chop, etc.

• China has not formally declared a national sport but on the basis of popularity table tennis called as national game.
WATER POLO
Water polo is a competitive team sport played in the water between two teams. The game consists of four quarters in
which the two teams attempt to score goals by throwing the ball into the opposing team's goal. The team with the most
goals at the end of the game wins the match.
Each team is made up of six field players and one goalkeeper. Except for the goalkeeper, players participate in both
offensive and defensive roles. Water polo is typically played in an all-deep pool meaning that players cannot touch the
bottom.

• LEN Euro Cup
• Pro Recco
• UEFA Champions League
• Women's LEN Super Cup
• LEN Super Cup
• FINA Water Polo World League
• European Water Polo Championship
Famous Players: -
• Tony Azevedo
• Brenda Villa
• Maggie Steffens
• Sandro Sukno
• Bronwen Knox
Related Terms: -
• Advantage, Ball under, Brutality, Corner throw, Dry pass, Eggbeater, Free throw, Goal throw, Major foul, Neutral throw,
Ordinary foul, Penalty foul, Penalty throw, Stalling, Swim-off, Wet pass, etc.
National Games of countries:

• Hungary
WRESTLING
Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint
locks, pins and other grappling holds. The sport can either be theatrical for entertainment (see professional wrestling), or
genuinely competitive.

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• Asian Wrestling Championships
• The Summer Olympics
• Asian Games
• European Wrestling Championships
• Olympic Games
• Wrestling World Cup
Famous Players: -
• Narsingh Pancham Yadav
• Sakshi Malik
• Bajrang Punia
• Geeta Phogat
• Sushil Kumar
Related Terms: -
• Free style, Point, Hal Nelson, Heave, etc.
National game of Countries:

• Iran
SWIMMING
Swimming is an individual or team sport that requires the use of one's entire body to move through water. The sport
takes place in pools or open water.
Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with varied distance events in butterfly, backstroke,
breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley.

• FINA World Championships
• Asian Swimming Championships
• European Aquatics Championships
• United States Swimming National Championships
• Asian Games
Famous Players: -
• Michael Phelps
• Mark Spitz
• Jenny Thompson
• Matt Biondi
• Ryan Lochte
Related Terms: -
• Freestyle, Back stroke, Breast stroke, Butterfly, Lane, Pool, Crawl, etc.
POLO
Polo is a horseback mounted team sport. It is one of the world's oldest known team sports.
A game of Central Asian origin, polo was first played in Persia (Iran) at dates given from the 6th century BC to the 1st
century AD.
The game is played by two opposing teams with the objective of scoring goals by hitting a small hard ball with a long-
handled wooden mallet, and through the opposing team's goal. Each team has four mounted riders, and the game usually
lasts one to two hours, divided into periods called chukkas (or "chukkers").

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• Ezra Cup
• Gold Cup
• King’s Cup
• Prithi Pal Singh Cup
• Radha Mohan Cup
• Winchester Cup
Famous Players: -
• Adolfo Cambiaso
• Facundo Pieres
• Nic Roldan
• Carlos Gracida
• Mariano Aguerre
• Gonzalo Pieres
Related Terms: -
• Bits, Martingale, Girth, Reins, Line of the Ball, Right of Way, Foul, Line-Man-Ball, Take a Man, Hit to the Right, Playing
Diagonals, Train Formation, etc.
WEIGHT LIFTING
Olympic-style weightlifting, or Olympic weightlifting, often simply referred to as weightlifting, is an athletic discipline
in the modern Olympic programme in which the athlete attempts a maximum-weight single lift of a barbell loaded with
weight plates.
The two competition lifts in order are the snatch and the clean and jerk. The snatch is a wide-grip, one-move lift. The
clean and jerk is a close-grip, two-move lift.
Each weightlifter receives three attempts in each, and the combined total of the highest two successful lifts determines
the overall result within a bodyweight category. Bodyweight categories are different for male and female competitors.

• World Weightlifting Championships: - The World Weightlifting Championships is an event organized by International
Weightlifting Federation. The first competition, held in March 1891, was won by Edward Lawrence Levy of England.
• Commonwealth Games: - Weightlifting is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It
has been a Commonwealth Games sport since 1950. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme
of each edition of the Games.
• European Weightlifting Championships
• Burdwan Trophy
Famous Players: -
• Punam Yadav
• Sanjita Chanu
• Mirabai Chanu
• Zhou Lulu
• Naim Süleymanoğlu
• Saikhom Mirabai Chanu
Related Terms: -
• Jerk, Snatch, etc.
GYMNASTIC
Gymnastics is a sport that includes exercises requiring balance, strength, flexibility, agility, coordination and
endurance. The movements involved in gymnastics contribute to the development of the arms, legs, shoulders, back, chest
and abdominal muscle groups. Alertness, precision, daring, self-confidence and self-discipline are mental traits that can
also be developed through gymnastics.

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The most common form of competitive gymnastics is artistic gymnastics which consists of (for girls) floor, vault, beam
and uneven bars. For boys they have floor, vault, rings, pommel, parallel bars and horizontal bar.

• Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships: - The Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships are the World
Championships for acrobatic gymnastics. Before 2006 they were known as the World Sports Acrobatics
Championships
• Acrobatic Gymnastics World Cup (IFSA) and World Cup Series (FIG)
• World Games
• Youth Olympic Games
• Acrobatic Gymnastics Junior World Championships (IFSA) and World Age Group Competitions (FIG)
Famous Players: -
• Simone Biles
• Nadia Comăneci
• Shawn Johnson
• Aly Raisman
• Jordyn Wieber
Related Terms: -
• Parellel bar, Horizontal bar, Push up, Floor exercise, Uneven bar, Sit up. etc.
CHESS
Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered game-board with 64 squares arranged
in an eight-by-eight grid.
Each player begins the game with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight
pawns. Each of the six-piece types moves differently. The most powerful piece is the queen and the least powerful piece is
the pawn. The objective is to ‘checkmate' the opponent’s king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. To this
end, a player’s pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent’s pieces, while supporting their own.
In addition to checkmate, the game can be won by voluntary resignation by the opponent, which typically occurs when
too much material is lost, or if checkmate appears unavoidable. A game may also result in a draw in several ways.

• Naidu Trophy
• Khaitan Torphy
• Lin Are City Trophy
• World Cup
Famous Players: -
• Magnus Carlsen
• Judit Polgár
• Humpy Koneru
• Hou Yifan
• Krishnan Sasikiran
• Viswanathan Anand
Related Terms: -
• E. L. O. rating, Grand master, International master, Gambit, Kings Indian Defence, etc.
SNOOKER
Snooker is a cue sport played on a table covered with a green cloth or baize, with pockets at each of the four corners
and in the middle of each of the long side cushions. A full-size table measures 11 ft 81⁄2 in × 5 ft 10 in (3569 mm x 1778
mm), commonly referred to as 12 × 6 ft.
Using a cue and 22 coloured balls, players must strike the white ball (or "cue ball") to pot the remaining balls in the
correct sequence, accumulating points for each pot.

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• World Snooker Championship: - The World Snooker Championship is the leading snooker tournament both in terms
of prestige and prize money. The first championship was held in 1927 and was won by Joe Davis. Davis won the first
15 championships before retiring from the event, undefeated, after his 1946 success.
• UK Championship
• China Open
• Indian Open
• World Grand Prix
Famous Players: -
• Ronnie O'Sullivan
• Mark Selby
• Steve Davis
• John Higgins
• Neil Robertson
Related Terms: -
• Pull, Cue, Hit, Object ball, Scoring, Cushion billiards, Break shot, etc.
TRACK & FIELD ATHLETICS

Athletics is a collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most
common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking.

• IAAF World Championships in Athletics
• Olympic Games
• Asian Games
• IAAF World Indoor Championships
Famous Players: -
• Usain Bolt
• Allyson Felix
• Michael Johnson
• Florence Griffith Joyner
• Carl Lewis
Related Terms: -
• Relay, Track, Lane, Photofinish, Hurdles, Shotput, Discuss Throw, Hammar Throw, High Jump, Triple Jump Cross
Country, etc.
KHO KHO
Kho kho is a popular tag and ancient sport from India. It is played by teams of 12 nominated players out of fifteen,
of which nine enter the field who sit on their knees (chasing team), and 3 extra (defending team) who try to avoid being
touched by members of the opposing team. It is one of the two most popular traditional tag games in the Indian
subcontinent, the other being Kabaddi. Apart from the Indian subcontinent, it is also played by the Indian community in
South Africa

• National Kho-Kho Championship.
• Nehru Gold Cup.
• Federation Cup.

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BRIDGE
Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is
played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table.
Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, tournaments, online and with friends at home, making it one of the
world's most popular card games, particularly among seniors.[4][5] The World Bridge Federation (WBF) is the governing
body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing bridge at the regional level.

• Basalat Jha Trophy
• Holkar Trophy
• Ruia Gold Cup
• Singhania Trophy
Related Terms: -
• Master point, Gland slam, Perfect deals, Dummy, Trump, etc.
Yachting
Sailing as a sport involves a variety of competitive sailing formats that are sanctioned through various sailing federations
and yacht clubs. Racing disciplines include matches within a fleet of sailing craft, between a pair thereof or among
teams.

• America Cup: - The America's Cup, affectionately known as the Auld Mug, is a trophy awarded to the winner of the
America's Cup match races between two sailing yachts. One yacht, known as the defender, represents the yacht club
that currently holds the America's Cup and the second yacht, known as the challenger, represents the yacht club that
is challenging for the cup.
The 2017 America's Cup was the 35th staging of the America's Cup yacht race. The challenger, Emirates Team New
Zealand, won by a score of 7 to 1 over the defender, Oracle Team USA. It was held on the Great Sound in Bermuda.
NETBALL
Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players. Its development, derived from early versions of
basketball, began in England in the 1890s.
By 1960, international playing rules had been standardized for the game, and the International Federation of Netball
and Women's Basketball (later renamed the International Netball Federation (INF)) was formed.
As of 2011, the INF comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions.

• Anantrao Pawar Trophy etc.
Horse Racing
Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys over a
set distance for competition. It is one of the most ancient of all sports, as its basic premise – to identify which of two or
more horses is the fastest over a set course or distance – has been unchanged since at least classical antiquity.

• Beresford Cup
• Blue Riband Cup
• Derby Cup
• Grand National Cup
Related Terms: -
• Three day Event, Dresses, Show jumping, Faults, etc.
National game of countries: -

• Mongolia

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CONTENTS

Static Awareness Questions Asked in Recent Exams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

01 Indian States and Its Capital

8 Union Territories of India

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02 List of Government Schemes

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03 List of National Parks of India

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Jammu And Kashmir

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Andaman And Nicobar

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04 Wildlife Sanctuaries in India

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Jammu & Kashmir

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05 Public Sector Banks in India

Private Sector Banks

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06 Banking and Financial Abbreviations

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07 Indian Cities located on Rivers

COOUM, ADYAR RIVER

DAMAN GANGA RIVER

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MULA AND MUTHA RIVERS

NETRAVATI and GURPUR RIVERS

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08 Indian State and Its Folk Dances

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Jammu & Kashmir