SEWAGE DISPOSAL

SYSTEM
CHAPTER 4 OF PLUMBING DESIGN AND ESTIMATE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoFuQZBPCKo
The Sewage and its Disposal

Introduction:
1. The collection and safe disposal of human wastes are among the most
critical problems of environmental health.
2. Water borne diseases such as dysentery, typhoid, diarrhea and other
intestinal disorders are prevalent in areas where there is no proper and
scientific Sewage Disposal System.
3. When human wastes are deposited in a pit, thypoid and dysentery
organisms do not travel horizontally in the soil. The harmful bacteria
move by themselves, they were carried in some way through flies,
rodents, cockroaches and other vermin which causes contamination.
Types of Sewage Disposal System

1. The Cesspool
2. The Privy
3. The Septic Tank
4. The public Sewer Line
Types of Sewage Disposal System

1. The Cesspool
is a hole in the ground
curbed with stones, bricks,
concrete hollow blocks or
other materials laid in such a
manner as to allow raw
contaminated sewage to leach
into the soil. The organic
wastes accumulate and finally
disposed of by disintegration
process.
Types of Sewage Disposal System

1. The Cesspool
Types of Sewage Disposal System

2. The Privy
is a concrete sealed
vault with a wooden shelter
constructed for the collection
of raw sewage. The
disintegration of excrement is
accomplished in the same
manner as in a cesspool. It is
objectionable because of the
danger of contaminating the
source of water supply
Types of Sewage Disposal System

1. The Privy
Types of Sewage Disposal System

2. The Privy
Types of Sewage Disposal System

3. The Septic Tank

is a device or receptacle used
to expedite the decomposition of the
elements contained in a raw sewage
waste. Raw sewage consists of water,
and settleable solids called organic
materials that can be precipitated in
a septic tank in a very short time.
Types of Sewage Disposal System

3. The Septic Tank

Types of Sewage Disposal System

4. Public Sewer Line

is a public sewage
system, operated and
maintained by the
government consisting of a
sewage treatment plant
that conveys the raw
sewage from buildings and
houses to a disposal system.
Types of Public Sewer

1. The Combination Public Sewer

2. The Sanitary Sewer
3. The Storm Drain
Types of Public Sewer

1. The Combination
Public Sewer
is the oldest type
of public sewer that
conveys both storm
water and sanitary
wastes. This type is
already obsolete and no
longer allowed by
sanitary authorities.
Types of Public Sewer

2. Sanitary Sewer
is a public sewer
facility that carries
regular sanitary wastes
only. It terminates in a
modern sewage
dispersal plant.
Rainwater is not
permitted to enter into
this type of public
sewer.
Classification of Sanitary Sewer

• 1. The Intercepting or Trunk Line Sewer

- is a sanitary sewer that convey sanitary waste to a dispersal
plant. It is commonly made of concrete pipe that varies in sizes
from 0.60 to 3.00 meters in diameter. The pipes are laid
underground to a minimum depth of about 3 meters, depending
upon the natural contour of the ground.
Classification of Sanitary Sewer

• 1. The Intercepting or Trunk Line Sewer

Classification of Sanitary Sewer

2. The tributary Sewer

is classified as an intercepting
sewer branch. The pipe is made of either
vitrified clay or concrete pipe laid in an
open trench. It is generally smaller in
diameter installed not more than 3
meters below the street grade and
terminate into the intercepting sewer.
Types of Public Sewer

3. The Storm Drain

is another kind of
public sewer line that carries
storm water. It terminates in
a natural drain such as canals,
lakes or rivers.
The Septic Tank

It is a receptacle or vault
used to collect organic
waste discharged from the
house sewer. The main
function of septic tank is to
liquify and precipitate solid
waste purifying odorous
materials.
The Septic Tank

Sewage that was discharged

around the tank is retained.
And, during the retention
period, about 60-70% of the
solid of the sewage is
removed largely by
sedimentation to form a
semi liquid substance called
sludge.
The Septic Tank

The sludge accumulates at

the bottom. Parts of the
solid are formed into a
floating scum. Both the
scum and sludge are
processed by anaerobic
bacteria and transforming
them into liquids and gasses.
This process is called
digestion.
The Septic Tank

The septic tank therefore

combines two processes;
sedimentation in the upper
portion of the tank and
anaerobic decomposition of
the accumulated sludge at
the bottom.
The Septic Tank

• Decomposition of organic matter from human waste is a bacteriological

process caused by:
1. Aerobic Bacteria called aerobes
2. Anaerobic bacteria called anaerobes
3. Facultative bacteria

The human waste or excreta are decomposed, until organic matters are
transformed into materials that could no longer be utilized by the bacteria
in their life process. The process of decomposition is regarded as
stabilization.
Septic Tank Videos

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eX8rzQa3_cM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DWg-Ul4sTE

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjVRZCdpxkA