Module 5: Probability of Compound Events

Lesson 1: Union and Intersection of Events

Learning Competency: Illustrates events, and union and intersection of
events. (M10SPIIIf-1)

I. OBJECTIVES
a. Define experiment, outcome, sample space, and event.
b. Determine the simple and compound events.
c. State the formula for finding the probability of Simple events
d. Value the importance of probability in making decisions in real life

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Union and Intersection of Events
Sub-Topic: Illustrating events, and union and intersection of
events
Materials: dice, different colored balls, deck of cards
References: Grade 10 Mathematics Teacher’s Guide, pp. 281-
293 Grade 10 Mathematics Learner’s Module, pp.
328-333

III. PROCEDURE
A. Preliminary

Motivation:
Look and observe the pictures. What do these pictures
tells us about?

Probability is very useful in many practical and important fields

in science, engineering, economics, and social sciences.
PAGASA, for example, uses data from previous weather
disturbances in the country in predicting the paths of
present day Typhoons and Tropical Depressions.
Can you think of situation that you are not certain whether it will
happen or not and when will it occur? What are the necessary
preparations that might be done to minimize the impact of such
phenomena?

B. Lesson Proper : 4 A’s

Activity:
1. Ask the leaner to do the following activities and
answer the question given.

the
 Toss a coin
a. What is the result when you tossed the coin?
b. If you will toss the coin twice, what is the
result of first tossed?
c. What is the result of the second tossed?
d. Is it possible to have a result of Head and Head? Head and
Tail?Tail and Head?Tail and Tail?
e. How many possible results may occur if two coins tossed?

Analysis:
Illustrative Example 1
A box contains 3 red balls, 5 yellow balls, and
2 blue balls. If a ball is picked at random from the
box, what is the probability that a ball picked is a
f. yellow ball?
g. red ball?
The Sample Space: { red, red, red, yellow, yellow,
yellow,yellow, yellow, blue, blue}
a. The probability that a yellow ball is picked at
random is 5/10 or ½.
b. The probability that a red ball is picked at
random is 3/10.
Illustrative Example 2
A die is rolled once. Find the probability of obtaining
a. a 5.
b. a 6.
c. an odd number
The Sample space : {1, 2, ,3, 4, 5, 6}
a. The probability of obtaining a 5 is 1/6.
b. The probability of obtaining a 6 is 1/6.
c. The probability of obtaining an odd number is
3/6 or 1/2.
Abstraction
a) What is a union of events? an intersection of events?
b) How do you solve the probability of simple events?

Activities such as rolling a die, tossing a coin, or

randomly choosing a ball from a box which could be
repeated over and over again and which have well-defined
results are called experiments.
The results of an experiment are called outcomes.
The set of all outcomes in an experiment is called a
sample space.
An event is a subset of the sample space.
Any event which consists of a single outcome in
the sample space is called an elementary or simple
event.
Events which consist of more than one outcome are
 called Compound events. A compound event consists of
two or more simple events.
Union of Events -an event is something
that has happened and is always associated with
an experiment.
Intersection of Events means that all the events
are occurring together. Even if one event holds false all
will be false.
The intersection of events can only be true if and
only if all the events holds true.
Probability of Simple Events: If each of the
outcomes in a sample space is equally likely to occur, then
probability of an event E, denoted as P(E) is given by

number of ways the event can occur

P(E) =
Number of possible outcomes
or
number of outcomes in the
P(E) =
event Number of outcomes in the
sample space

In these activities we learned the knowledge of

probability of simple events. We know that if a die is
rolled, the number that would come up could be 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, or 6, it is equally likely to land on one face as on any
other. Therefore, the probability of getting a “5” is one out
of 6. In symbol, we use . Always
remember that is the probability that any of the faces
shows up.

c) Why do you think is the study of probability important in making

decisions in real life?

Application:
Read each question below. Choose the correct letter.
1. Which of the following is an experiment?
a. Tossing a coin.
b. Rolling a single 6-sided die.
c. Choosing a marble from a jar.
d. All of the above
2. Which of the following is an outcome?
a. Rolling a pair of dice.
b. Landing on red.
c. Choosing 2 marbles from a jar.
 d. None of the above
3. Which of the following experiments does NOT have equally likely
outcomes?
a. Choose a number at random from 1 to 7
b. Toss a coin.
c. Choose a letter at random from the word SCHOOL
d. None of the above.
4. What is the probability of choosing a vowel from the alphabet?
a.21/26 b. 5/26 c. 1/21 d .none of the above
5. A number from 1 to 11 is chosen at random. What is the probability
of choosing an odd number?
a. 1/11 b. 5/11 c. 6/11 d. None of the activity

IV. ASSIGNMENT
Follow-up
1. Consider the experiment of rolling a dice. Find the
probability of getting an even number of a number that is
multiple of 3.
2. Jody has four cans of juice – one can of dalandan, one of
pineapple, one of calamansi, and one of guyabano. She
chooses three of these cans to take to school. If she chooses
calamansi, what is the probability she also chooses
pineapple?
3. Give 5 examples of union and intersections of compound events.

Prepared: Submitted to:

GERMELA P. BRANZUELA RHEA KHRISTINE J. GULDVOG

SST - I Head Teacher

Noted:
ESTER F. VIERNES
School Principal I