PUROC, LIZA M.

1. Differentiate malingering from factitious disorder and give examples (10points) 

When we say malingering, they usually exaggerate or make up symptoms of an illness either
physical or psychiatric and is often associated with an antisocial personality disorder and histrionic
personality disorder and malingerers do it intentionally and voluntary for their own personal gain,
whereas factitious disorder, same in exaggerating symptoms and fakes his or her illness.
Diagnosing factitious disorder is often extremely difficult because they are very experts in faking
many different diseases. Their motivations are often unknown even to themselves and they cant
control their behavior even if they aware of its risks.

An example of malingering is when someone might pretend to be injured so that they can can
collect an insurance settlement or to obtain prescription medication. Some are even exaggerating
their health condition just to avoid criminal conviction. Some are even putting make ups on to
create a false black eye to look like a. abused person
An example of factitious disorder includes Even when an actual medical or psychological condition
exists, they may exaggerate symptoms to appear sicker or more impaired than is true. They even
give loved ones, health care professionals or support groups a false medical history, such as
claiming to have had cancer or AIDS orthey may falsify medical records to indicate an illness.
Another example includes mimicking behavior that is typical of a mental illness, such as
schizophrenia which the patient may appear confused, make absurd statements, and report
hallucinations 

2. Differentiate primary from secondary gain and give examples (10 points)
Primary gain produces positive internal motivation. Primary gain can be a component of any
disease, but is most dramatically demonstrated in conversion disorder (a psychiatric disorder in
which stressors manifest themselves as physical symptoms without organic causes, such as a
person who becomes blindly inactive after seeing a murder. For example, a patient feels guilty
about not being able to perform a task, but if there is a medical condition justifying this inability the
guilt diminishes.
As for secondary gain, this can be defined as any positive advantage that accompanies physical or
psychological. It can also be a component of any disease, but is an external motivator. For example,
if a patient's disease allows him/her to miss work, gains him/her sympathy, or avoids a jail
sentence, these would be examples of secondary gain. These may, but need not be, recognized by
the patient. If he/she is deliberately exaggerating symptoms for personal gain, then he/she
is malingering. However, secondary gain may simply be an unconscious psychological component
of symptoms and other personalities.