Biology Revision- Unit 2: Organisation of the Organism

Cytoplasm Jelly-like with particles It’s enclosed by the Contains organelles,

and organelles in it. cell membrane. e.g. mitochondria,
nucleus.

It’s the site of chemical

reactions (metabolism)

Nucleus A oval structure which Inside cytoplasm Controls cell division

contains DNA
information, in form of Controls development
chromosomes
Controls cell activities

Cell membrane A partially permeable Around cytoplasm Prevents cell

layer that forms a contents from
boundary around the escaping.
cytoplasm.
Controls what
substances enter
and leave the cell.

Mitochondria Oval or slipper shaped Inside cytoplasm Responsible for

organelles aerobic respiration

Ribosomes Circular structure inside cytoplasm Protein synthesis

attached to
membranes or lying
free

Cell wall A tough, non living Around the Prevents plant cells
layer made of cellulose outside of plant from bursting
surrounding the cell cells
membrane Allows water and
salts to pass through
(freely permeable

Vacuole Fluid filled space Inside cytoplasm Contains salts and

surrounded by a of a plant cells sugars.
membrane
Helps keep plant
cells firm

Chloroplasts An organelle Inside the Traps light energy

containing chlorophyll cytoplasm of for photosynthesis
some plant cells

Magnification formula: Magnification= image size / actual size

Reverse formula (actual size): image size / magnification
Reverse formula (image size): magnification x actual size
There are:
1000 micrometres in a millimetre
10 000 micrometres in a centimetre
1 000 000 micrometres in a metre

1 000 000 nanometres in a millimetre

1000 nanometres in a micrometre

BACTERIA: Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, single strand of DNA coiled up
to form nucleoide, plasmids, philis, sometimes flagellum

Multiple organelles> cell

Multiple cell> tissue
Multiple tissue> organ
Multiple organ> organ system