let me give some general details:

-Define mole:1 mole of any substance is its Ar or Mr expressed in grams

-no. of moles = mass of substance/mass of one mole

-no. of moles of gas = volume in dm3 /24 (1dm3=1000cm3)

-no. of moles of solute= conc. X volume (be careful in units either all
dm3 or cm3)

-(u shud know how to rearrange an eqn.)

-when the reaction involve only gases then we can use the ratio of
volumes instead of mole ratio.

-Percentage yield = actual yield/theoritical yield X100

-Percentage purity = mass of pure substance / mass of impure

substance X 100

-steps for finding molecular formula

---find no. of moles(method of finding this differs according to question)

---hence find the mole ratio

---and then calculate emperical formula

---find n which is=>relative molecular mass/emperical formula mass

---then find molecular formula=>(emperical formula)n and simplify

Mole ( Curses ) and their rules :

One Mole is 6.02 × 10^23 Molecules of an Element ( or Atoms , in
case of a pure non-reacted element ) , a mole of En is equal to
n×E'sMass in grams and it contains 6.02 × 10^23 ( Twenty one
zeroes , this number is called Avogrado's constant )
where E stands for Element or molecule and n stands for the number
of elements or molecules ( ¬¬" ).
One mole's volume of a gas at room temperature is 24 dm^3 ( 24
Litres )
Mole = Concentration × Volume
Mole = Volume of Gas / 24dm^3
Mole = Mass of Total substance / 1 mole ( 1 mole or Relative
Atomic/Molecular mass in Grams )
Ratio in compound xy3 is x:3y , in other words , mole(x):3mole(y)
which is also 1:3
Hope this new update helps with the "amazing" Mole calculation part.
I'm Lovin' it ( Obviously a liar ) and sorry for complicating.

Here are a couple of tests that I copied from my book , IGCSE

Chemistry , Printed and published by Cambridge University by Richard
Harwood

Testing for Anions ( Negative Ions ) :

Carbonate ( CO3 2- ), add dilute hydrochloric acid ,result is

effervescence , carbon dioxide produced ( test with limewater )

Chloride in solution ( Cl- ) , acidify solution with dilute nitric acid

then add aqueous silver nitrate , result is white ppt. of silver
chloride formed. ( ppt soluble in ammonia solution )

Bromide in solution ( Br- ) acidify solution with dilute nitric acid

then add aqueous silver nitrate , result is cream ppt. of silver
bromide formed , ( only slightly soluble in ammonia solution )

Iodide in solution ( I- ) acidify with dilute nitric acid then add

aqueous silver nitrate , result is yellow ppt of silver iodide ,
insoluble in ammonia solution OR acidify with dilute nitric acid then
add lead nitrate solution , result yellow ppt. of lead iodide formed.

Sulphate in solution ( SO4 2- ) acidify solution with dilute

hydrochloric acid then add barium chloride solution , ORacidify
solution with dilute nitric acid then add barium nitrate
solution , result for both is white ppt of barium sulphate formed.

Nitrate in solution ( NO3 - ) make alkaline with sodium hydroxide

solution then add aluminium foil ( or Devarda's alloy ) and warm
carefully , result is Ammonia gas is given off ( test with moist red
litmus ).

Testing for Metal ions by burning :

Sodium (Na+) burns giving yellow flame.

Potassium (K+) burns giving lilac flame ( pale violet ).

Calcium (Ca2+) burns giving brick-red flame.

Lithium (Li+) burns giving crimson flame.

Copper (Cu2+) burns giving a blue-green flame.

Barium (Ba2+) apple-green (chartuese , close to lime a bit I think ).

Testing for Positive ions in solutions by adding sodium hydroxide:

Ammonium (NH4 +) , ammonia produced on warming.

Copper(II) (Cu 2+) , light blue gelatinous ppt. of copper hydroxide (

insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide ).

Iron(II) (Fe 2+) , green gelatinous ppt. of iron(II) hydroxide

( insoluble in excess ).

Iron(III) (Fe 3+) , rust-brown gelatinous ppt. of iron(III) hydroxide

( insoluble in excess ).

Calcium (Ca 2+) , white ppt of calcium hydroxide ( insoluble in

excess ).

Magnesium (Mg 2+) white ppt. of magnesium hydroxide ( insoluble

in excess ).

Zinc (Zn 2+) , white ppt. of zinc hydroxide ,soluble in excess ,giving

a colourless solution.

Aluminium (Al3+) white ppt. of aluminium hydroxide , soluble in

excess ,giving a colourless solution.

Testing for Positive ions in solutions by adding ammonia solution:

Ammonium (NH4 +) , ----- ( I think it means no reaction ).

Copper(II) (Cu 2+) , light blue gelatinous ppt. dissolves in excess

ammonia , giving a deep blue solution.

Iron(II) (Fe 2+) , green gelatinous ppt. of iron(II) hydroxide

( insoluble in excess ).

Iron(III) (Fe 3+) , rust-brown gelatinous ppt. of iron(III) hydroxide

( insoluble in excess ).

Calcium (Ca 2+) , no ppt. (or only a very slight ppt.).

Magnesium (Mg 2+) white ppt. (soluble in excess).

Zinc (Zn 2+) , white ppt. (soluble in excess).

Aluminium (Al3+) white ppt. (insoluble in excess.

Testing for gases:

Ammonia (NH3) , colourless and pungent smell , hold damp red

litmus paper ( or universal indicator paper ) in gas ,Indicator paper
turns blue..

Carbon dioxide (CO2) , colourless and odourless , bubble gas

through lime water ( calcium hydroxide solution ) , white ppt. of
calcium carbonate formed ( solution turns milky ).

Chlorine (Cl2) , pale green and choking smell , hold damp litmus

paper ( or universal indicator paper ) in gas , indicator paper is
bleached white ( blue litmus will turn red first ).

Hydrogen (H2) , colourless and odourless , hold a lighted splint in

gas , hydrogen burns with a squeaky 'pop'.

Oxygen (O2) , colourless and odourless , hold a 'glowing' wooden

splint in gas . the splint relights.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) , colourless and choking smell , dip a piece of

filter paper in pottasium dichromate(vi) solution and hold it in
gas . solution turns pale green ( SO2 is a reducing agent ).

Testing for purity of substance :

Solids : Testing for melting point , if it is the correct value ( like the

data says ) therefore it is pure , if not hence it is impure. e.g. Ice at
0 C°

Liquids : Testing for boiling point , if it is the correct value ( like the

data says ) therefore it is pure , if not hence it is impure. e.g. Water
at 100 C°

Drying agents :

Concentrated Sulphuric acid : used to dry all gases except ammonia.

Anhydrous calcium chloride : used to dry all gases except ammonia

which forms a complex with calcium chloride.

Calcium oxide : used to dry ammonia and neutral gases.

Testing for water and acidity :

pH Testing (1) :

Acidity and Alkalinity are found by Indicators ( Usually Universal

Indicator and Litmus paper )
 For a more accurate result , use pH Meter

Testing for water :

By adding anhydrous Copper(II) Sulphate , which water will

turn from white to blue

By adding anhydrous Cobalt(II) chloride , which water will turn

from blue to pink ( or deep rose )

Organic Analysis : ( Yet still under construction )

Testing for unsaturated hydrocarbon ( Like Alkenes )

Liquid : By adding Bromine water to it and shaking.

Gas : By passing the compound through Bromine water.

If it is an unsaturated hydrocarbon , it will turn the orange-brown

Bromine water colourless

Food tests : ( Testing for nutrients)

Detecting starch in food ( and water of course ) : Adding Iodine

solution which will give a blue-black colour , indicating the
presence of starch

Detecting glucose in food ( and water of course ) : Add sugar-

test ( Benedict's solution ) food and water , and heat it , it will
give an orange-red ppt. , indicating presence of glucose

Detecting protein in food ( and water of course ) :

1. Add dilute sodium hydroxide
2. Add drops of copper(II) sulphate solution
Violet colour indicates the presence of protein

Detecting fat in food :

1. Smear food on paper
2. Leave to dry
3. Hold up to the light
Bright glossy area indicates the presence of fats

Test for Ethanoic acid and Ethanol : ( as in the book )

the two substances provide a simple test reaction for each other.
They both react with each other with the addition of a few drops of
 concentrated sulphuric acid , producing a sweet-smelling ester , the
mixture is warmed gently and the fruity smell of the ester can be
best detected by pouring the reaction mixture into a beaker of
water. this spreads the ester and disperses the distinctive 'pear-
drop' smell.

Chromatography :
Individual monomers from proteins and carbohydrates can be
separated by chromatography and detected using locating agents
because they are colourless. if a Sample gives only one spot ,
therefore that sample is pure , use more than one solvent for
accuracy and making sure that it is pure. For 2D ( 2 Dimensional )
Chromatography , user the paper and get the results on one
dimension ( Y ) then you dry the paper from the solvent then you
rotate it by 90° to get the other dimension ( X ) , and it will give us

the 2D chromatography that we always see in the book 

Reducing error in experiments :

Using more accurate apparatus that has a reduced percentage of

Systematic errors ( these cannot be avoided , the systematic errors
in any tool in the world , No atomic computers that can do this
accurately ¬¬ )

Taking measurements carefully and multiple measurements , to

achieve accuracy ( by finding the average )

When drawing the best fit line in a graph , do not include points that
seem to be out of the curve ,use a sharp and make the curve as
smooth as possible , and remember to plot the independent Variable
( Temprature in a Time-of-reaction ( Y ) / Temprature ( X ) graph )
and NEVER forget to write the labels.

What to do next :

Apparatus names , Apparatus names and Apparatus names , revise

them and do not mistake a boiling tube for a test tube ( They are
almost clones of each other )

This post does not , does not contain everything to be able to score
an A* in the Exam , so STUDY!

Pray well , Have fun sleeping , Eat before the exam by 3~4 hours , and
do not eat/drink anything before it and remember that no one lives
forever . . . you will die anyway , no need to be nervous , crazy . Just be
calm and try to be theoretical , and once you finish the exam hurry to
home , have a simple nap , STUDY MATHS , HAHAHAH...
Solubility of salts:
all nitrates are soluble
all potassium, sodium and ammonium salts are soluble
all sulphates are soluble except barium sulphate, lead
sulphate and calcium sulphate
all chloride and iodide salts are soluble except silver
chloride/iodide, lead chloride/iodide and mercury
chloride/iodide
all sulphides are insoluble except K, Na and ammonium salts
all carbonates are insoluble except K,Na and NH4 salts
all hydroxides are insoluble except K,Na and NH4
salts and magnesium and calcium hydroxide salts are
partially soluble.

LEGEND : What to be tested for , Test , Alternative Test , Result , Colour

and Smell States of Matter

(1) : pH measurements and other analyses are often carried out on soil
samples. Soil is stirred with distilled water. The insoluble material
settles out, but the solution above remains unclear because of fine
suspended particles. These fine particles can be made to settle too by
adding some barium sulphate to the suspension. The barium sulphate
particles , themselves insoluble, physically drag the fine suspended
material to the bottom of the container. The mixture can then be filtered
and the solution tested in various ways for soluble ions , pH , etc.