NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE FOR MARITIME, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Lingsat, City of San Fernando, La Union, Philippines

Tel. Nos. (072) 242 5676-77; 607 4722
Fax No. (072) 242 5676
Email: npcmst_sfc@yahoo.com

Name: ______________________________ Date: ____________________

Subject: _SEAM 5____________________________
Course / Year and Section: ______________
Instructor: _Capt. Herminio Mangaoang___________________________

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO.1

Title Turning Circle: Ballast Condition

Function A-II/1 F1.C9

Competence A-II/1 F1.C9: Maneuvering and handling a ship in all conditions.

KUP A-II/1 F1.C5.KUP1: Emergency procedures

.1 precautions for the protection and safety of passengers in emergency situations
.2 initial actions to be taken following the collision
.3 initial action to be taken following a grounding
.4 initial assessment of damage and damage control
A-II/1 F1.C9.KUP1. Ship maneuvering and handling
.1 Knowledge of
.a the effects of wind and the effects of deadweight, draught, trim, speed and the under-keel
clearance on turning circles and stopping distances current on ship handling
.b the effects of wind and current on ship handling
.c maneuvers and procedures for the rescue of person overboard squat shallow water and
similar effects proper procedures for anchoring and mooring

Course Outcome CO1: Discuss the principles of ship handling, the effects of deadweight, draught, trim, speed and
under keel clearance on turning circles and stopping distances, effects of wind and current on ship
handling while maintaining safety of navigation

Learning Outcome At the End of the exercise, the trainees should be able to maneuver the vessel safely when
performing the Turning circles, demonstrate how to get the tactical diameter, demonstrate how to
get the final diameter, demonstrate where to locate the pivot point and demonstrate where to locate
the drift angle

Equipment/Materials Writing materials, answer sheet, simulator

Background Ship Handling and Maneuvering is defined as the art of proper control of a ship while underway,
especially in harbors, around docks and piers. It is one of the skills that any ship handler finds very
satisfying when well accomplished. The most basic thing to be understood in ship handling is to
know and anticipate how a ship behaves under all circumstances and what orders should be given
in order to make the ship behave and move exactly the way you want her to. The difference
between the ships’ heading and the actual direction of movement of the ship should also be
constantly attended to as this is essentially important at slow speeds and when there are wind and
current.

Vessels also have other behaviors worth noting when her maneuvering equipment is in operation.
Depending on the type of propeller, a ship with a single propeller when run ahead from stop cants to
either port or starboard; when to put astern from stop the stern cants at a fast rate to port or
starboard. When a ship has headway and the rudder is put over to one side, the bow turns to the
same side where the rudder is turned. Thrusters, on the other hand, move the vessel’s end
sideways. Thrusters, depending on its design increase its effectiveness as the vessel slows down.

Instructor’s Action Instructor/s must perform the following before, during and after the laboratory activity:
 Check if the right scenarios are loaded and initial conditions are met before commencing
the exercise.
 Give the trainee enough time to check all the instruments in the simulation especially the
Echo Sounder, RADAR, ECDIS & Doppler log.
 Commence the start of the exercise and inform the trainee to begin.
 Check and monitor the trainee while the exercise is running.
 Remind the trainee of the time left in the exercise and actions that the trainee has not yet
perform or need to perform.
 Stop the exercise and give reason for the interruption.
 Remind the trainee for debriefing after the exercise.

Briefing/Procedures to be
completed prior to
laboratory session
 State the intention and the specific learning objective of the exercise.
 Explain what is Turning Circle having a diameter of about 3–4 times the length between
perpendiculars (LBP). The larger the rudder, the smaller will be the Turning circle diameter
(TCD). During the TCD maneuvers, the ship will experience transfer; advance, drift angles
and angle of heel (see Figure).
 Explain the maximum angle of heel must be recorded. If the ship has Port rudder helm this
final angle of heel will be to Starboard and vice versa. Again, this is due to centrifugal
 NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE FOR MARITIME, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Lingsat, City of San Fernando, La Union, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (072) 242 5676-77; 607 4722
Fax No. (072) 242 5676
Email: npcmst_sfc@yahoo.com

forces acting on the ship’s hull.

 Explain that this maneuver is carried out with the ship at full speed and rudder helm set at
35°. The ship is turned completely through 360° with say Starboard rudder helm and then
with Port rudder helm (sees Figure).
 Explain that It should be observed in Figure that at the beginning of the Port turning
maneuvers, the ship turns initially to Starboard. There are reasons for this. Forces acting
on the rudder itself will cause this move at first to Starboard. Larger centrifugal forces
acting on the ship’s hull will then cause the vessel to move the ship on a course to Port as
shown in this diagram.
 Familiarized the trainee with the proper operation of the simulator Key – Elements:
 See individual familiarization checklist.

 Remind the trainees that the instructor has the right to stop the exercise if there is any
deviation from normal operation.
 Collision
 Grounding
 Exceeding the allowable simulation time

 Remind the trainees about house rules regarding the care of the simulator and clarify to
them if they have any more questions.

Procedures to be At the start of the exercise:

completed during the  Start the engine until to reach the maximum speed of 20 kts.
laboratory session  Make sure that track recording is activated before performing the Turning Circle.

Maneuver the vessel safely when performing the Turning circles

 Demonstrate how to perform Turning Circle - A ship’s turning circle is the path followed by
the ship’s pivot point when making a 360-degree turn. (see attached diagram)
 Demonstrate the wheel over positions should be determined from the ship’s maneuvering
data and marked on the chart. Suitable visual & radar cues should then be chosen to
determine when the ship is at the wheel over position.
 Demonstrate the Advance the amount of distance run on the original course until the ship
steadies on the new course. Advance is measured from the point where the rudder is first
put over.
 Demonstrate the Transfer the amount of distance gained towards the new course (shown
here for 90° heading change).
 Calculate the Tactical Diameter - Tactical diameter is the distance gained to the left or right
of the original course after a turn of 180° is completed.
 Calculate the Final Diameter - Final diameter is the distance perpendicular to the original
course measured from the 180° point through 360° (shown here for steady turning radius,
R).
 Demonstrate where the Pivot Point is - A ship’s pivot point is a point on the centerline
about which the ship turns when the rudder is put over.
 Locate where is Drift Angle - Drift angle is an angle at any point on the Explain turning
circle between the intersection of the tangent at that point and the ship’s keel line.

After the Turning Circle is completed

 Print Screen your ECDIS Display then save it as image, file name will be your name.
 Identify Advance, Transfer, Tactical Diameter, Turning Radius, Track Reach, Head Reach,
Side Reach and Drift Angel of your output.

Laboratory Proper Ship’s Particulars:

Name Type of Ship

Call Sign IMO Number:
Length (M) Draught (M)
Width (M) Air Draught (M)
Displacement LOA
Speed

Weather Sea Visibility Wind Current

Condition Calm Clear Force 1 270˚; 0.3kts

Location Area Chart to Use Initial Position Initial Course & Speed
of Manila bay BA 4491 Manila Lat: Co:
Exercise approaches Bay app. LO: Speed:

What is the value of Advance?

 NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE FOR MARITIME, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Lingsat, City of San Fernando, La Union, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (072) 242 5676-77; 607 4722
Fax No. (072) 242 5676
Email: npcmst_sfc@yahoo.com

What is the value of Transfer?

What is the value of Tactical Diameter?

Result What is Turning Radius of a Ship?

What is the importance of knowing the turning circle of a ship?

What is the relevance of the vessel’s trim in her tactical diameter?

 NORTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE FOR MARITIME, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Lingsat, City of San Fernando, La Union, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (072) 242 5676-77; 607 4722
Fax No. (072) 242 5676
Email: npcmst_sfc@yahoo.com

Conclusion

Recommendation

De-Briefing/Procedures to State to them the purpose of debriefing.

be completed after the
laboratory session
 State to them if the specific learning objectives were achieved during the exercise.
 Give them the result of their exercise performance.
 Show to them what went wrong and give peer review.
 Motivate them to try again and give them good hope of success if they failed
 State to them for the trainees who failed the exercise can repeat the scenario.
 Always be diplomatic in any objection of the trainee and take note of their comment
regarding the simulation exercise.