HARA Report NACL Unit 2 Ethakota Year 2020

NACL-UNIT-II- ETHAKOTA –AP-HARA REPORT OCTIBER 2020
HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT (HARA)

REPORT
FOR
EXISTING PRODUCTS
OCTOBER, 2020
Of
NACL INDUSTRIES LTD.
UNIT-II
Door No.4-208, Ethakota, Near Ganti Check post,

Ravulapalem (Mandal), East Godavari (Dist.) - 533238
Andhra Pradesh
Prepared by
Dr. Sudhir Kumar Mittal
EHS & FIRE SAFETY CONSULTANT
E mail: mittalsr@rediffmail.com , mittalsr56@gmail.com
Mobile: 9703211130
Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 1

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT

(HARA)
FOR
EXISTING PRODUCTS
OCTOBER, 2020
NACL INDUSTRIES LTD.

UNIT-II
Door No.4-208, Ethakota, Near Ganti Check post,
Ravulapalem (Mandal), East Godavari (Dist.) - 533238

INDEX
Section. No. CONTENTS Page No.
PREAMBLE 4
1.0 INTRODUCTION 5-6
2.0 NEED FOR HARA 6-7
3.0 OBJECTIVES OF HARA STUDY 7-8
4.0 SCOPE OF HARA STUDY 8
5.0 METHODOLOGY OF HARA STUDY 8
6.0 ABOUT THE SITE ,SURROUNDING & PLANT FACILITIES 8-15
7.0 LIST OF PRODUCTS FOR HARA STUDIES 15-18
8.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION & PROCESS FLOW CHART OF EACH PRODUCT 19-24
9.0 LIST OF HAZARDOUS RAW MATERIALS FOR EXISTING HARA PRODUCTS 25-34
10.0 HAZARD ANALYSIS 35-80
10.1 HAZARD 35
10.2 HAZARD ANALYSIS DEFINITION 35
10.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 35-
10.3.1 HAZARDS RELATED TO UNIT OPERATIONS 37-38
10.3.2 HEALTH HAZRDS, FIRE & EXPLOSION HAZARDS, REACTIVITY & STABILITY 38-78
HAZARDS AND TOXICITY HAZARDS OF MATERIALS
10.3.3 CHEMICAL STORAGE HAZARDS 78
10.3.4 EQUIPMENT RELATED HAZARDS 79
10.3.5 OTHER HAZARDS 79-80
11.0 CONTAINMENT FAILURE HAZARDS 80-81
12.0 EXISTENCE OF MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF HAZARD AT A TIME 81
13.0 RISK ASSESSMENT 81-90
13.1 RISK 81
13.2 RISK ASSESSMENT DEFINITION 81-82
13.3 TERMS USED IN RISK ASSESSMENT 82
13.4 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX (FEI) 83-
13.4.5 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX FOR CIX SOLVENT & CYCLOHEXANE IN TANKS 86-87
13.4.6 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX FOR PROPOSED LPG LOT SYSTEM 87-88
13.4.7 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE ACCIDENT ANALYSIS 88
13.4.8 FAILURE MODES ANALYSIS 89
13.4.9 PROBABILITY OF FAILIURE 89-90
14.0 CONSEQUENCES ANALYSIS 91-92
14.1 FIRE CONSEQUENCES 91
14.2 FIRE ACCIDENTS ANALYSIS 92
15.0 TOXICITY ANALYSIS 93-96
16.0 QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS WITH DOMINO EFFECT & RISK 97-103
MINIMISATION CONTROLS FOR EXISTING & PROPOSED LPG LOTSYSTEM
17.0 EXISTING SAFETY MEASURES & PROPOSED SAFETY MEASURES FOR 104-113
MITIGATION OF IDENTIFIED HAZARDS BY THE MANAGEMENT
18.0 RECOMMENDED SAFETY MEASURES TO REDUCE CONSEQUENCES OF RISK 114
OR REDUCE OR MINIMISE HAZARDS
19.0 CONCLUSIONS 114
20.0 DISCLAIMER 115
21.0 ANNEXURE-1:Site Lay out drawing 116
ANNEXURE-2:Fire Hydrant lay out drawing 117

PREAMBLE
This HARA study for Products & the NACL-Unit-II site was conducted by Dr. Sudhirkumar Mittal-
EHS & Fire Safety Consultant as entrusted by the Management in October, 2020 and report is
prepared after evaluation of the following aspects:
 Study of the manufacturing process of the existing HARA products & proposed LPG LOT
system for HARA Study
 Production facilities and equipment earmarked in each production block
 Safety equipment integrated to the reactors & other relevant equipment
 Hazardous properties of the chemicals used in the reaction
 Safety protocols developed to assess the degree of hazards associated with manufacturing
activity
 Mitigation measures under practice and those proposed to be followed to assess the inherent
hazards and their mitigation level etc.
As an outcome of the HARA study, besides the existing safe practices followed, few more practices
are recommended to take up as appropriate.
The consultant sincerely thanks for the co-operation received from the Site EHS In-Charge during the
evaluation of the existing & proposed systems.
The statement of facts was made almost based on the details furnished by the Management.
Omissions and misinterpretations expressed in this report, if any are purely inadvertent and un-
intentional.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
M/s NACL Industries Limited, Unit-II is located in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4& 5 at D.NO-4-208,
Ethakota village, Near Ganti check post, Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of Andhra
Pradesh. The plant covers an area of 14.385 Acers and the plant is surrounded by Agricultural fields.
The industry is 9 km away from Ravulapalem. NACL-Unit-II is engaged in manufacturing of
formulation of Pesticides and Insecticides.
The organization is an ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 & ISO 45001:2018 Certified Company.
NACL-Unit-II is manufacturing of Formulation of all categories of Pesticides such as Insecticides,
Herbicides, Fungicides, and Nematicides.
The Plant has modern Formulation and Packing Facilities for handling large capacities of Liquids,
Powders and Granules. It specializes in various formulations in the form of:
Liquids - EC/SL/SC/PGR
Powders - CG/SG/PRILLS/WDG
Granules - WP/SP
The most important unit operations involved in formulations are:

A.Liquid formulations involves mixing of several raw materials, including pesticide active
ingredients, inert ingredients, base solvent and also contain emulsifiers or surfactants as required.
B.Powder formulations basically consist of dry mixing, grinding of solids, dissolving solids, and
blending.
C.Granules are of basically two categories i.e sand coated granules and extruded granules in the form
of Prills.
In continuation to its efforts of continual improvement, the Industry has established a dedicated EHS team for
the implementation of the management systems.
The organization has formulated its Quality & Environment, Health & Safety Policy and objectives taking into
account legislative requirements and information about significant Aspects and Impacts which the organization
can control.
The main process in the manufacture of various types of Pesticide Formulations are Mixing of technical grade
pesticide with inert materials such as suitable solvents, emulsifiers, stabilizers and colouring agents if any,
according to pre determined formula to produce stable products to the consumers.

The Manufacturing process of liquid Pesticide formulations, Wettable Powder Formulations, and Granulated
Formulations does not involve any exo or endo thermic reactions or the process does not leave either by-products
or waste products and is essentially a dilution process.
In other words, the formulated pesticides are active pesticides technical reduced / diluted to approve
concentrations confirming to central Insecticides Board regulations.
The Liquid pesticide formulations are categorized as Emulsifiable concentrates (EC formulations) and
Suspension Concentrates (SC formulations). The Granulated Formulations are categorized as Coated Granules
(CG formulations) and Wettable Granules (Extruded Granules) (WG granules).
2.0 NEED FOR HARA

As per rules 10 to 13 under manufacture, Storage and Import of hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 of
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Occupier of the Industry using hazardous chemicals in its
manufacturing activity should submit report on Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment to the Chief
Inspector of Factories or Director of Factories appointed under the factories Act, 1948 towards an
objective evaluation of Safety related to Industrial activity and measures taken and to identify what
further measures are required to operate the plant in a safety manner. Hence, the organization initiated
a process for carrying out a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Study for the existing & new
products to identify possible Hazards with respect to the existing & new products & to evaluate the
potential risks for taking appropriate safety measures or alternative design solutions by the
Management to mitigate or control the risks and to reduce associated risks to an acceptable level and
improve reliability with respect to safety of the plant operations.
The organization initiated a process for carrying out a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Study for the
existing products to identify possible Hazards wrt. the existing products & to evaluate risks for taking appropriate
safety measures or alternative design solutions by the Management to mitigate or control the risks or to reduce
associated risks to an acceptable level and improve reliability wrt safety of the plant operations.
Dr. Sudhir Kumar Mittal, an independent EHS & Fire Safety consultant has been appointed as the consultant for
carrying out HARA Studies of the existing products. The consultant visited the plant, discussed with concerned
Head of Departments and prepared this study report based on the information provided by the Company,

regarding the manufacturing process, reaction conditions, existing safety measures etc. The study reflects the
logical analysis based on the information provided by the organization only.
Dr. Sudhir Kumar Mittal discussed with the Site EHS In-Charge and prepared this study report based on
the information provided regarding the manufacturing process, reaction conditions, the existing safety
measures etc. The HARA study reflects the logical analysis based on the information provided by the
organization only. Site EHS In-Charge participated in the discussion for identification of the Process
Hazards. Production, Safety & Process/Production support was also taken in reviewing the design
safety issues.
3.0 OBJECTIVES OF HARA STUDY

The principal Objective of this study is to evaluate the potential hazards due to the plant operations of
M/s NACL Industries Limited, Unit-II is located in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 at D.NO-4-208, Ethakota
village, Near Ganti check post, Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh.
Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) is carried out to identify hazardous chemicals,
Hazardous Operations in the process & storage and quantifying the hazards and consequences by
qualitative methods only.
The report includes the following:

 A description of the potential hazards arising out of the existing activities & proposed
activities together with an account of the existing controls that are in operation
 Identification and assessment of major accident hazard potential in the plant operations &
processes
 Identification of major failure scenarios
 Hazard Analysis of each product and Qualitative impact analysis of hazardous event with
respect to areas affected by Fire or Explosion, etc.
 The HARA Report also includes the existing safety measures already taken by the
Organization and the proposed safety measures required to operate the Plant in a safe manner.

 As per the rules 10 to 13 under Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals
(MSIHC) Rules, 1989 as amended in year 2000, made under Environment (Protection) Act,
1986, the Occupier of the industry using hazardous chemicals in its manufacturing activity is
obliged to submit report on Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment to the authorities.
4.0 SCOPE OF HARA STUDY

The Scope of the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) studies is applicable to the existing products
being manufactured at M/s NACL Industries Limited, Unit-II is located in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 at
D.NO-4-208, Ethakota village, Near Ganti check post, Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of
Andhra Pradesh.,India.
5.0 METHODOLOGY OF HARA STUDY

Study of manufacturing process of each product, hazards related to operations, plant and equipment,
chemicals in use are carried out by the EHS & Fire Safety consultant based on the process data &
details furnished by the organisation. Further, discussions were held with Site EHS-In-Charge
regarding the existing safety measures.
6.0 ABOUT THE SITE, SURROUNDING & PLANT FACILITIES

6.1 ABOUT THE SITE
The plant covers an area of 14.385 Acers and the plant is surrounded by Agricultural fields. The industry is 7
km away from Ravulapalem. The total Built up area is 4 acres (6508 Square meter) & the total Green
Belt area is 5.0 acres.
NACL-Unit-II is engaged in manufacturing of formulation of Pesticides and Insecticides .
The site is certified for ISO14001 (Valid up to 11th May’2022), ISO45001 (Valid up to 11th
May’2022) & ISO9001 (Valid up to 11th May’2022).

6.2 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS:

1. Avg. rain fall 457 mm
2. Longitude 81.84969 E
3. Latitude 16.690378 N
4. Avg. Min Temp 25.9 0C
5. Avg. Max Temp 32.2 0C
6. Predominant wind direction 17 kmph
6.1 From March to June 10.7 kmph
6.2 From July to October 20 kmph
6.3 From November to February 16 kmph
6.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA AROUND THE SITE
Direction Type of Habitat No. of persons Distance from the site

East Palivela Village 1000 4 km
West Ganti Village 1000 2 km
North Agriculture land Pady and coconut Nil 10 km
Agriculture land Pady and coconut
South 2000 4 km
Next to ethakota village
6.4 PLANT FACILITIES

6.4.1 Utilities
Various utilities have been provided for smooth operation of production as mentioned below:
6.4.1:Details of Utilities
Sr. No. Description Qty/No. Capacity
1.0 Generators (DG Sets) 3 500 KVA ,250 KVA.180 KVA
3.0 Air Compressor
3.1 Air compressor-1&2 Atlas capco 300 CFM, 70 CFM
3.2 Air compressor-3 IR 30 CFM
3.3 Air compressor-4&5 2 Elgi 30 CFM
4.0 Boiler (Diesel fired) 1 0.5 ton
5.0 Transformer 1 630 KVA
6.0 Chilling Plant
6.1 Chilling plant-1 1 11 TR
6.2 Chilling plant-2 1 22 TR
7.0 Power Supply
7.1 11 KVA 01 11 KV/415 VOLTS

7.2 Contract Maximum Demand 1 340 KVA

7.3 Connected Load In HP 1581.65 HP + 155 KW
8.0 UPS back up for emergency Admin,LAB,Process 10 KVA, 20 KVA, 6 KVA
lighting Block
6.4.2 PRODUCTION FACILITIES

Sr. No. Description Name Products name
1. Production Block LIQUIDS BLOCK-1 Profenofos 50% EC
Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC
Chlorpyriphos 50% EC
Propiconazole 25 % EC
2. Production Block LIQUIDS BLOCK-2 Paraquat Dichloride 20% SL
Glyphosate 36% SL
Pretilachlor 50 % EC
3. Production Block LIQUIDS BLOCK-3 Monocrotopos 36%SL
Imidacloprid 20% SL
Hexaconazole 5% SC
Chlorpyriphos 50%EC +Cypermethrin 5%
EC
4. Production Block GRANULES BLOCK-1 Carbofuran 3%CG
5. Production Block GRANULES BLOCK-2 Cartaphydrochloride 4%GR
6. Production Block POWDERS BLOCK-10 Tricyclazole 75 % WP
ACM
7. Production Block POWDERS BLOCK-30 Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP
ACM
Mancozeb 75% WP
8. Production Block POWDERS BLOCK-60 Carbendazim 50%WP
ACM
Myclobutanil 10 % WP
9. Production Block POWDERS PACKING Acetamiprid 20% SP
UNIT
Myclobutanil 10 % WP
Thiamethoxam 25% WG

6.4.3 STORAGE & WAREHOUSE FACILITIES

6.4.3.1 Warehouse-Solid Raw Materials
LIST OF HAZARDOUS SOILD RMs IN WAREHOUSE
Type of container-
Sr. Total qty. Hazardous nature
(PVC Bags /jute
No Name (Kg ) UOM (Flammable/Explos
bag/Paper bag/ Fibber
. Inventory ive/Toxic/Corrosive
Drums)
1 Acetamiprid 20%SP BAGS/DRUMS 21,403.99 KG Toxic
2 Ammonium Sulphate BAGS 1,715.74 KG Toxic
3 Carbendazim Technical BAGS 32,300.35 KG Toxic
4 Carbofuran Technical FIBER DRUMS 19,064.72 KG Toxic
Cartap Hydrochloride Toxic
31,476.26 KG
5 Technical BAGS
Copper Oxychloride 50 %
10,116.50 KG
6 WP BAGS Toxic
Emmamectin Benzoate 5 % Toxic
23,041.00 KG
7 SG DRUMS
8 Fenclorim DRUMS 30.00 KG Toxic
IMIDACLOPRID 70 % Toxic
1,066.60 KG
9 WDG DRUMS
10 Imidacloprid Technical BAGS 8,525.00 KG Toxic
LAMBDA
CYHALOTHRIN - 1,522.00 KG
11 TECHNICAL DRUMS Toxic
Mancozeb + Carbendazim
25.00 KG
12 75%WP BAGS Toxic
Mancozeb 64 % + Metalaxyl
26.00 KG
13 8 % WP BAGS Toxic
14 Mancozeb 75%WP BAGS 620.00 KG Toxic
15 Mancozeb Technical BAGS 20,922.27 KG Toxic
MYCLOBUTANIL (CCQ-
4,946.40 KG
16 ROOT) DRUMS Toxic
17 Phosphoric Acid DRUMS 6,354.51 KG Corrosive
18 SULPHUR 80 % WDG BAGS 1,140.00 KG Toxic
19 Thifluzamide Technical BAGS 716.24 KG Toxic
20 Thiomethoxam 25 % WG DRUMS 20,060.00 KG Toxic
Tricyclazole Technical (Imp. Toxic
12,447.10 KG
21 HMBT Root) DRUMS
Sodium Ligno Sulphonate
5,705.07 KG
22 (Normal pH) BAGS TOXIC

6.4.3.2 Warehouse-Liquid Raw Materials

LIST OF HAZARDOUS LIQUID RMS IN WAREHOUSE
Hazardous
Type of
Total qty. nature
Sr. container-
Name (Kg ) UOM (Flammable/E
No. (Drums/Fiber
Inventory xplosive/Toxi
Drums)
c/Corrosive
1 BIFENTHRIN TECHNICAL DRUMS 3,290.00 KG TOXIC
CHLORPYRIPHOS 50% + TOXIC
600.00 L
2 CYPERMETHRIN 5% EC-E DRUMS
3 Chlorpyriphos Technical DRUMS 38,839.50 KG TOXIC
4 Cypermethrin Technical DRUMS 25,872.00 KG TOXIC
5 Di Methyl Sulphoxide DRUMS 2,625.00 KG Flammable
6 Cyclohexanone TANKER 31,442.00 KG Flammable
7 Fipronil Technical DRUMS 1.54 KG TOXIC
8 FORMALDEHYDE DRUMS 120.50 KG Flammable
9 Solvent C-IX TANKER 258,866.00 KG Flammable
10 Benzylone-2PW DRUMS 7.80 KG Toxic
11 Castor Oil DRUMS 26,442.00 KG Flammable
12 GLYPHOSATE 36 % SL DRUMS 16.00 L Toxic
13 Glyphosate 41%SL DRUMS 160.00 L Toxic
14 Hexaconazole Technical FIBER DRUMS 760.63 KG Toxic
15 Validamycin 3%L (E) DRUMS 2,000.00 L Toxic
16 Epichlorohydrin DRUMS 972.00 KG Toxic
17 EPOXIDISED SOYABEAN OIL DRUMS 13,191.00 KG Toxic
18 Sulphuric Acid SQ TINS 47.10 KG Toxic
19 Profenofos Technical DRUMS 35,250.00 KG Toxic
20 Propargite 57 % EC FIBER DRUMS 163.95 L Toxic
21 Propylene Glycol DRUMS 4,258.89 KG TOXIC
22 Sodium Hypo Chlorite DRUMS 676.00 KG TOXIC
23 Hydrochloric Acid 36% DM Grade DRUMS 241.00 KG Corrosive
24 Monocrotophos Technical (E) DRUMS 930.00 KG Toxic
25 N,N-Dimethyl Formamide DRUMS 9,484.00 KG Flammable
26 N-Butyl Alcohol DRUMS 1,111.40 KG Flammable
27 N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone DRUMS 21,256.00 KG Flammable
28 Oxyflourfen 23.5% EC DRUMS 1,246.75 L Toxic
29 Paraquat Dichloride 24%SL DRUMS 2,000.00 L Toxic
30 Pendimethalin Technical DRUMS 2,270.00 KG Toxic
31 PRETILACHLOR 37% EW DRUMS 3.20 L Toxic
32 Pretilachlor 50%EC DRUMS 480.00 L Toxic
33 Pretilachlor Technical (E) DRUMS 41,520.00 KG Toxic
34 Mono Chloro Benzene DRUMS 284.00 KG Flammable
35 Triazophos 40 % EC DRUMS 4.50 L Toxic

6.4.3.3 Warehouse-Non hazardous Solid & Liquid Raw Materials

NON HAZARDOUS SOILD RMs IN WAREHOUSE
Type of container-
Sr.
(PVC Bags /jute Total qty. (Kg )
No Name UOM Nature
bag/Paper Inventory
.
bag/Fiber Drums)
1 Acid Brill Green BAGS/DRUMS 2,423.32 KG Non hazard
Non hazard
Amcron 4003 Red 425.88 KG
2 BAGS/DRUMS
3 Amcron Copper Brown Dye BAGS/DRUMS 46.80 KG Non hazard
4 Non hazard
5 Spray Dried Silica BAGS 11,648.25 KG Non hazard
6 Sugar BAGS 3,034.84 KG Non hazard
7 SILICA SAND BAGS 38,678.41 KG Non hazard
China Clay (Luster-85 Non hazard
26,635.21 KG
8 Grade) BAGS
9 China Clay (Tulsi Brand) BAGS 69,593.22 KG Non hazard
10 BORRESPERSE NA BAGS 15.50 KG Non hazard
11 Calcium Carbonate BAGS 7,085.12 KG Non hazard
12 DISPERTOX - ACZ BAGS 3,039.88 KG Non hazard
13 DISPERTOX-ANS-60 BAGS 22.55 KG Non hazard
14 DISPERTOX-BS (SPL) BAGS 2.98 KG Non hazard
15 GREENSIL PD BAGS 4.70 KG Non hazard
16 Malachite Green BAGS/DRUMS 8.35 KG Non hazard
17 Superse 96 BAGS 5,428.37 KG Non hazard
18 Tamol DN BAGS 6,028.48 KG Non hazard
19 Tamol- FBP1 BAGS 6,380.00 KG Non hazard
20 VEEGUM R BAGS 32.49 KG Non hazard
21 Solvent Blue 036 DRUMS 40.45 KG Non hazard
22 Methyl Violet DRUMS 857.23 KG Non hazard
23 MORWET D-425 BAGS 865.31 KG Non hazard
24 P-Orange Dye DRUMS 21.58 KG Non hazard
25 Potassium Sorbate TINS 142.98 KG Non hazard
26 Quartz Sand BAGS 270,958.88 KG Non hazard
27 Rodopol 23 BAGS 678.13 KG Non hazard

6.4.3.4 Solvents & Hazardous Chemicals Storage Tanks

Legends: AG = Above Ground, UG = Under Ground, H: Horizontal, V: Vertical
NAME OF SOLVENT & CAPACITY, Type of

H/V
Tank. No. HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS KL Installation
BULK SOLVENT TANKS
1. 197.90 V Above Ground
C9-SOLVENT

C9-SOLVENT

C9-SOLVENT

CYCLO HEXANONE
HSD Diesel 56.50 V Above Ground

5.
Total 787.40 KL
6.4.3.5 Gas Cylinders storage
Gas Cylinders
S.No. Name of Gas Cylinders Nos. of Gas Cylinders Usage Area
1 Hydrogen 2 QC Lab
2 Oxygen 6 QC Lab
3 Nitrogen 6 QC Lab
4 Acetylene 1 Work shop
5 Oxygen (commercial) 1 Work shop
6.4.6 Fire Hydrant system

Fire Hydrant system comprising one jockey pump, one Fire pump (electrically driven) and one diesel
engine pump is provided for the entire site. A dedicated ground level storage pond of 500.0 KL
capacity is provided for fire-fighting purpose. 2 bore wells are connected to sumps An Overhead tank
of 30.0 KL capacity is also provided for emergency use, however, this tank is not directly connected
to fire hydrant network.

6.4.7 Proposed LPG LOT (Liquid Off Take) System Boiler

The industry has proposed LPG LOT (Liquid Off Take) System Boiler to use LPG as fuel in place of
the existing fuel Diesel for ensuring less pollution. Moreover, the LPG LOT system is more
economical as compared to the existing Diesel system for Boiler.
At present, steam generated from Disel fired bolier is sued as an energy to Fluid Bed Dryer in
Granulator Block for drying purpse.
Diesel Burners shall be replaced with LPG burners after modification. Shed for LPG Manifold shall
be provided by converting the existing wash room near overhed water tank closwer to 10 ACM
Block.
The Impact analysis for the propose LPG Lot system is presented in Section No.16
7.0 LIST OF PRODUCTS FOR HARA STUDIES
S.NO PRODUCT & BYPRODUCT NAME QUANTITY /YEAR
01 LIQUID FORMULATION 12000 KL/YEAR
02 POWDER FORMULATION 5000 MT/YEAR
03 GRANULES FORMULATION 30,000 MT/YEAR
The industry shall manufacture only 8 products from the particular stream not exceeding their total
capacity and shall not manufacture the products banned by Government of India.
01 LIQUID FORMULATION
1. Quinalpas
2. Monocrotopos 36%SL
3. Dichlorvos 76%EC
4. Chlorpyriphos 20 % EC
5. Alphamethrin 10% EC
6. Lambda Cyhalothrin 2.5 % EC
7. Profenofos 50% EC
8. Pretilachlor 50 % EC
9. Propiconazole 25 % EC

10. BPMC 50% EC

11. Cypermethrin 10%EC&25% EC
12. Thifluzamide 24 % SC
13. Chlorpyriphos 50%EC +Cypermethrin 5% EC
14. Buprofezin 25% SC
15. Chlormequat Chloride 50% Solution
16. Chlorpyriphos 48% EC
17. Chlorpyriphos 50% EC
18. Cypermethrin 40% EC
19. Dichlorvos 100 % W/V EC
20. Fiprinil 5% SC
21. Glyphosate 36% SL
24. Hexaconazole 5% EC
25. Hexaconazole 5% SC
26. Imidacloprid 17.8% SL
27. Malathion 57% EC
28. Mancozeb 33.5% SC
29. Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC
30. Paraquat Dichloride 24% SL
31. Pendimethalin 30% EC
32. Pretilachlor 30.7% EC
33. Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC
36. Propargite 57% EC
37. Sulphur 40% SC
38. Sulphur 50% SC
39. Triazophos 40% EC

41. Atrazine 50% SL

42. Paraquat Dichloride 20% SL
43. Atrazine 50% SC
44. Carbosulfan 24% EC
45. Cyfluthrin 5% EW
46. Deltamethrin 3% EW
47. Imidacloprid 20% SL
48. Oxyfluorfen 10 % EC
49. Oxyfluorfen 20 % EC
50. Pendimethalin 50% EC
51. 2,4-D Amine Salt 72% SL
52. Clodinafop Propargyl 8% EC
53. Gibberellic Acid 0.001% L
54. Lufenuron 5.4 % EC
55. Difenoconazole 25% EC
56. Cyhalofop Butyl 10% EC
57. Tebuconazole 25.9% EC
58. Bifenthrin 10% EC
59. Ziram 27% SC
60. Pendimethalin 30% + Imazethapyr 2% EC
61. Indoxacarb 14.5% + Acetamiprid 7.7% SC
02 POWDER FORMULATION
1. Acephate 75 % SP
2. Carbendazim 50%WP
3. Cartap Hydrochloride 50%SP
4. Atrizine 50 % WP
5. Thiophanate methyl 70%WP
6. Tricyclazole 75 % WP
7. Validamycin 3% L
8. Myclobutanil 10 % WP
9. Acetamiprid 20% SP

10. Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP

11. Clodinafop- Propargyl 15% WP
12. Copper Oxychloride 50% WP
13. Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64%WP
14. Mancozeb 64%+Metalaxyl 8% WP
15. Mancozeb 64% + Metalaxyl-M 4%WP
16. Mancozeb 75% WP
17. Sulphur 80% WP
18. Dimethomorph 50 % WP
19. Thiodicarb 75% WP
20. Triadimefon 25% WP
21. Diafenthiuron 50% WP
22. Captan 70% + Hexaconazole 5% WP
03 GRANULES FORMULATION
1. Carbofuran 3%CG
2. Cartaphydrochloride 4%GR
3. Acephate 90% Prills
4. Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG
5. Glyphosate 71% SG
6. Imidacloprid 70% WG
7. Metsulfuron Methyl 20% WG
8. Thiamethoxam 25% WG
9. Fipronil 0.3 % Gr
At present, 38 products are being manufactured on regular basis. 18 Products are procured
in bulk and then filling of bulk technical is done in small sizes packs as per the market
requirements.
37 products are not being formulated due to poor market demands.
The above data about the products covers all 92 products.

8.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION & PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR EACH PRODUCT
8.1 Process Description of Liquid Formulations

Liquid formulations involves mixing of several raw materials, including pesticide active ingredients,
inert ingredients, base solvent and also contain emulsifiers or surfactants as required.
Example: Liquid Formulation of Profex Super (Profenofos 40%EC+ Cypermethrin 4% EC)
1. SOLVENT C9 TRANSFERING TO FORMULATION TANK OR REACTOR
2. Add technical PROFENOFOS and Cyper metrin in to reactor
3. Add emulsifier ,Add soya bean oil
4. Stirring 45 minutes
5. Sample collect and send to laboratory
6. If sample ok , the solution transferred to Buffer tanks for packing
7. Set packing line for product formulation line
8. Product passing through Auto filling machines
9. Next step to Auto plugging machine, tear of sealing, auto labels, auto shrink wrapping
machine.
10. BOX packing
11. BOP Taping
12. Finished goods transferred to FG Godown through Forklifts.
Note: The above mentioned process shall be applicable for all liquid formulations, only technical,
Raw Materials, and emulsifiers will change


8.2 Process Description of Powder Formulations

Powder formulations basically consist of dry mixing, grinding of solids, dissolving solids, and
blending.
For Examlpe: INDEX (MYCLOBUTABNIL 10%)
1. TECHNICALS ( MICROBUTANIL, SODIUM IGNO SULPHATE, SILICA, CHAINA
CLAY ) CHANGING TO PRE BLENDER
2. MIXING ONE HOUR
3. MILLING
4. NEXT SEND TO FINAL BLENDER
5. ONE HOUR MIXING SAMPLE SEND TO QC,IF SAMPLE OK
6. THEN PACKING IN TO POUCHES THROUGH MANULA AUGER FILLING MACHINE
7. FINISHED GOOD SEND TO FG Warehouse.
Note: The above mentioned process shall be applicable for all Powder formulations, only technical,
Raw Materials, will change

FLOW CHART OF FORMULATION FOR POWDER FORMULATIONS
FLOW CHART OF FORMULATION FOR GRANULES FORMULATIONS

8.3 Process Description of Granules Formulations

Granules are of basically two categories i.e sand coated granules and extruded granules in the form of
Prills.
For Example: CARBOFURON 3% CG
1. Sand loading to mixer through skip hoist
2. Solution( PVA Gum methyl violet+sugar+ emulsifier ) spraying to mixer
3. Technical adding (Carbofuran 98%) to the mixer by screw
4. Add calcium carbonate to the mixer
5. Passing through vibrator and send to mixer, rotary drier for drying
6. After 30 minutes mixing sample and sample send to QC,IF sample Is ok
7. Material passing through bucket elevator and hoppers
8. It is SEMI Finished goods
9. Semi-finished goods transfer FFS machines
10. Packing with 1 kg/5kg films
11. Final finished goods send to FG Warehouse through Forklifts.
Note: The above mentioned process shall be applicable for all Granule formulations, only technical,
Raw Materials, will change

FLOW CHART OF FORMULATION FOR GRANULES FORMULATIONS

9.0 LIST OF HAZARDOUS RAW MATERIALS FOR EXISTING HARA PRODUCTS
9.1 Profenofos 50% E.C

S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent
1 Profenofos Technical
2 Solvent C-IX
3 Castor Oil
4 IGSurf 2700 I
5 IGSurf 2790M
6 Epoxidised Soyabean Oil (MAKSTAB)
9.2 Profenofos 50% E.C W/V

2 Solvent C-IX
3 Castor Oil
4 IGSurf 2700 I
5 IGSurf 2790M
9.3 Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% E.C.

2 Cypermethrin Technical
3 Solvent C-IX
4 Castor Oil
5 IGSurf 2700 I
6 IGSurf 2790M
9.4 Profenofos 72% EC, W/V

2 Solvent C-IX
3 Castor Oil
4 IGSurf 2700 I
5 IGSurf 2790M
7 Neosurf -WET-65

9.5 Profenofos 45% EC W/W

2 Solvent C-IX
3 Castor Oil
4 IGSurf 2700 I
5 IGSurf 2790M
6 Propol ESO
9.6 Monocrotophos 36% S.L

1 Cyclohexanone
2 Monocrotophos Technical (E)
9.7 Dichlorvos 76 % E.C

1 Dichlorvos Technical (E)
2 Malachite Green
3 Solvent C-IX
4 Epichlorohydrin
5 Propal DDVP
9.8 Acephate 75% S.P.

1 Acephate Technical
2 Ammonium Sulphate
3 Spray Dried Silica
4 Sodium Tripoly Phosphate
9.9 Acephate Prills 90% for Exports

3 Sodium Tripoly Phosphate
4 Polyvinyl Pyrrolidine

9.10 Tricyclazole 75% W.P

1 Tricyclazole Technical
2 Tamol DN
3 Sodium Ligno Sulphonate (Normal PH)
4 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
5 IGSurf 2333PS
7 China Clay (Luster-85 Grade)
9.11 Tricyclazole 75%WP for Exports

4 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
9.12 Propiconazole 25 % E.C.

1 Propiconazole Technical
2 Solvent C-IX
3 N,N-Dimethyl Formamide
4 Isromul Emulsifier Profeno-X
5 Isromul Emulsifier Profeno-Y
9.13 Propiconazole 25 % E.C W/V

2 Solvent C-IX
4 Propal TI (B)
5 Propal TI (A)
9.14 Chlorpyriphos 20% EC

1 Chlorpyriphos Technical
2 Solvent C-IX
3 Atlox SC 671
4 Atlox SC 672

9.15 Chlorpyriphos 48% EC W/V

1 Solvent C-IX
2 IGSurf 2740
3 IGSurf 2760
9.16 Chlorpyriphos 50%+Cypermethrin 5% E.C

1 Solvent C-IX
2 IGSurf 2740
3 IGSurf 2760
9.17 CHLORPYRIPHOS 50%EC

2 IGSurf 2740
3 IGSurf 2760
4 Solvent C-IX
9.18 Pretilachlor 50% EC

1 Pretilachlor Technical
2 Solvent C-IX
3 IGSurf 2740
4 IGSurf 2760
5 Propol ESO
9.19 Pretilachlor 30.7%+Fenclorim 7.67%

2 Solvent C-IX
3 Atlox SC 671
4 Atlox SC 672
5 Fenclorim

9.20 Carbendazim 50% W.P.

2 Tamol- FBP1
3 Carbendazim Technical
4 Tamol DN
9.21 Carbofuran 3% CG
1 Methyl Violet
2 Sand
3 Calcium Carbonate
4 Sugar
5 PVA Gum
6 Carbofuran Technical
7 IGSurf 2754
9.22 Cartap Hydrochloride 4% G

1 Acid Brill Green
2 Sand
3 Phosphoric Acid
4 Emulsol NP 85
5 Emulsol PAP
6 Cartap Hydrochloride Technical
7 China Clay (Tulsi Brand)
9.23 Cartap Hydrochloride 50% S.P.

1 Acid Brill Green
2 Ammonium Sulphate
3 Emulsol NP 85
4 Emulsol PAP
9.24 Validamycin 3% L
1 Sulphuric Acid SQ
2 Acid Brill Green
3 D.M.Water

4 Methanol
5 Potassium Sorbate
6 IGSurf 2008 E
7 Validamycin Technical
8 Atlox 3772
9.25 Malathion 57% EC W/V

1 Solvent C-IX
2 Epichlorohydrin
3 Atlox SC 802
4 Atlox SC 803
5 Malathion Technical
9.26 Cypermethrin 10% E.C

1 Solvent C-IX
2 Atlox SC 671
3 Atlox SC 672
9.27 Cypermethrin 10% E.C. W/V

1 Solvent C-IX
2 Atlox SC 671
3 Atlox SC 672
9.28 Lamda-Cyhalothrin 2.5% E.C.

1 Lambda-Cyhalothrin Technical
2 Atlox SC 671
3 Atlox SC 672
4 Solvent C-IX
9.29 Lamda-Cyhalothrin 5.0% E.C.

2 Atlox SC 671
3 Atlox SC 672

4 Solvent C-IX
9.30 Myclobutanil 10% W.P

1 MYCLOBUTANIL (CCQ- ROOT)
4 Tamol DN
9.31 Thifluzamide 24%SC

1 Thifluzamide Technical
2 D.M.Water
3 Atlox 4913
4 Renex 30
5 Propylene Glycol
6 Rodopol 23
7 PROXEL GXL
8 ANTIFOAM AFE 0300
9 VEEGUM R
9.32 Thifluzamide 24% SC, W/V (Exports)

1 Thifluzamide Technical
2 D.M.Water
3 Atlox 4913
4 Renex 30
5 Propylene Glycol
6 Rodopol 23
7 PROXEL GXL
8 ANTIFOAM AFE 0300
9 VEEGUM R
9.33 Imidachloprid 17.8%SL

1 Di Methyl Sulphoxide
2 Polyvinyl Pyrrolidine
3 N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone
4 ISROMUL EMULSIFIER-AB-91(M)
5 Imidacloprid Technical

9.34 Pendimethalin 30% EC

1 Pendimethalin Technical
2 IGSurf 2780
3 IGSurf 2790M
4 Solvent C-IX
9.35 Lambda Cyhalothrin 2.5 % EC W/ V

2 Atlox SC 671
3 Atlox SC 672
4 Solvent C-IX
9.36 Lambda Cyhalothrin 5 % EC W/ V

2 Atlox SC 671
3 Atlox SC 672
4 Solvent C-IX
9.37 Hexaconazole 5%EC

1 Hexaconazole Technical
2 N-Butyl Alcohol
3 ISROMUL EMULSIFIER HEXA A(SP)
4 ISROMUL EMULSIFIER HEXA N ( SP)
5 Solvent C-IX
9.38 CYPERMETHRIN 5%EC W/W

2 Atlox SC 671
3 Atlox SC 672
4 Solvent C-IX
9.39 HEXACONAZOLE 5%SC

2 GERNOL SC/R

3 P5G
5 FORMALDEHYDE
6 Atlox 3772
7 Rodopol 23
9 D.M.Water
9.40 BUPROFEZIN 25%SC

1 BUPROFEZIN TECHNICAL
2 MORWET D-425
3 Propylene Glycol
5 Bentanite Clay
6 PROXEL GXL
7 Atlox 3772
8 Rodopol 23
9 D.M.Water
9.41 FIPRONIL 5%SC

1 Fipronil Technical
2 Propylene Glycol
3 Unitop SC 6122
4 Unitop SC 101
5 Sunflower Oil
6 PROXEL GXL
7 Atlox 3772
8 Rodopol 23
9 D.M.Water
9.42 THIAMETHOXAM 25 % WDG

1 Thiomethoxam Technical
2 Tamol DN
3 BORRESPERSE NA
4 IGSurf 2333PS
5 GREENSIL PD
6 Citric Acid
7 Talc Powder
8 Ammonium Sulphate

9.43 SODIUM PARA-NITROPHENOLATE 0.3% SL

1 Sodium Para-Nitrophenolate 1.8% SL
2 D.M.Water
9.44 Mancozeb 63%+Carbendazim 12% WP

1 Mancozeb Technical
3 DISPERTOX - ACZ
9.45 PENDIMETHALIN 50%EC W/W

2 IG SURF 2901
3 IGSurf 2790M
4 Mono Chloro Benzene
9.46 BIFENTHRIN 10%EC

1 BIFENTHRIN TECHNICAL
2 Atlox SC 671
3 Atlox SC 672
4 Solvent C-IX
Bulk quantity Techical Products are subjected to filling operation in small pack sizes as per the
market requiremnts.
Hazards related to all Technical materials involved in 92 products manufacturing have been
considered in section No.10.0

10.0 HAZARD ANALYSIS

10.1 HAZARD: Potentially dangerous condition, which is triggered by an event, called the cause
of the hazard.
10.2 HAZARD ANALYIS DEFINITION: Identify all possible hazards potentially created by a
product, process or application.
The Hazard Analysis Process consists of the following steps:
 Identification and description of the identified hazards and accident events which could lead to
undesirable consequences
 A relative ranking of the risk of each hazard and accident event sequence using FEI (Fire
Explosion Index)
 A qualitative estimate of the risks in regards to consequences and probability and consequence
of each undesirable event.
Risk is defined as the product of the frequency (probability, likelihood) of an event occurring and its
consequence (severity, impact, injury/fatality rate). Risk assessment is often an iterative process that
involves the major steps:
1. Define a worst case scenario (WCS) in terms of its likelihood and consequence
2. Develop line of defense appropriate to the risk
3. Evaluate the risk reduction/elimination afforded by the line(s) of defense
4. Decide if risk reduction is sufficient and complete the project if sufficient
5. Decide if additional risk reduction can be achieved
6. Decide to not perform the process if further risk reduction is not feasible
This process of hazard identification and risk assessment is designed to reduce risk to an acceptable
level. Achieving the required level of risk reduction completes the review process. Alternatively, if
the risk cannot be reduced using the available resources the process should be terminated.
10.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Identification of hazards in the Pesticides formulation plant or in the Synthetic organic chemicals
plant is of primary significance in the analysis, quantification and cost effective control of
accidents involving flammable compounds. A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in

fact the characteristic of system/plant/storage that presents potential for an accident. Hence,
all the components of system/plant / process need to be thoroughly examined to assess
their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events which can
be termed as an accident.
Typical schemes of predictive hazard evaluation and quantitative risk analysis suggest that hazard
identification step plays a key role. Estimation of probability of an unexpected event and its
consequences form the basis of quantification of risk in terms of damage to property, environment
or personnel. Therefore, the type, quantity, location and conditions of release of a toxic or
flammable substance have to be identified in order to estimate its damaging effects, the area
involved, and the possible precautionary measures required to be taken.
Some of the hazard identification procedures are as follows:
a. Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index (FETI) Approach
b. HAZOP studies
c. Maximum Credible Accident and Consequence Analysis (MCACA)
d. Classification of Major Hazard Substances
e. Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989(GOI Rules, 1989)
f. Identification of Major Hazardous Units.
The Hazard identification process adopted is to interpret the chemical storage Manufacture
Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 (GOI Rules, 1989) for the storage of
chemicals in this unit.
Preliminary Hazard Identification is used to identify typical and often relatively apparent hazards
and damage events in a system.
Hazard of significant nature whose consequence potential is of worth consideration and wherein a
specified area or where more number of personnel likely to be present etc., are considered in
identifying the hazards.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION: Preliminary Hazard Identification is used to identify typical and

often relatively apparent hazards and damage events in a system.
The following are such hazards considered for detailed study:
10.3.1 Hazards Related to Unit Operations

10.3.2 Health, Fire & Explosion and Reactivity Hazards

10.3.3 Chemical Storage Hazards
10.3.4 Equipment related Hazards
10.3.5 Other hazards
10.3.1 Hazards related to Unit Operations

The various unit operations often involve hazardous materials handling under hazardous operating
conditions.The general safety considerations for such unit operations have to be taken into
consideration.The following are the unit operations and associated hazards.
Sr. Unit Operation Hazards
No.
1. Transfer of flammable solvents such Spills Hazards, Containment failure hazards,
as Aromatic Solvents (CIX) from Fire hazard
Stotage Tanks in Tank Farm Yard to
Mixing tanks etc
2. Loading/Unloading/Transfer of Toxic Spillage of Toxic Technical material due to
Chemicals/Hazardous Chemicals/Raw containment failure or gasket failure causing
materials from Trucks/ Tempos to severe Health Hazards caused by exposure
ground level & to Tempos /Trucks
from ground level
3. Mixing & Agittaion with Solvent & Spills of Solvent/Technical, Fires, and
Technical Pesticides/Insecticides etc Toxicity-Severe Health hazards due to
exposure to Pesticides etc.
While material properties present primary
hazard in most of these operations, Hazards
due to dust explosions, flammable / explosive
mixtures and static electricity are important.
4. Filling of Formulation in Exposure to Pesticides/Insecticides –spillage
Bottles/Containers or containment /gasket failure-Severe
Pesticide Poisoning
5. Formulation of Dusting powder/ Exposure to dust and Technical

Granlues using Technical Liquid PesticideInses/cticides due to spillage and

emission of dust from machines
10.3.2 Health Hazards, Fire & Explosion Hazards. Reactivity & stability hazards and
Toxicity Hazards of Materials
A consolidated list of hazardous/toxic chemicals & Technical materials is prepared based on the
raw materials list for each product as mentioned in Section No.9 of this report.
S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Solvents in Drums/Chemicals

2 Acetamiprid 20%SP
3 Acetamiprid Technical
4 Alphamethrin 10% EC
5 Atrazine 50% SL
6 Bifenthrin Technical
7 Buprofezin technical
8 N-Butyl Alcohol
10 Carbofuran Technical
13 Carbosulfan 24% EC
14 Clodinafop- Propargyl 15% WP
15 Chlormequat Chloride 50% Solution
16 Copper Oxychloride 50 % WP
18 Cyhalofop Butyl 10% EC
19 Cyfluthrin 5% EW
20 Cyclohexanone
21 Solvent C-IX
22 Deltamethrin 3% EW
23 Dichlorvos Technical (E)
24 Difenoconazole 25% EC
26 Di Methyl Sulphoxide
27 Emamectin Benzoate Technical

28 Epichlorohydrin
29 Fipronil Technical
30 Formaldehyde
31 Gibberellic Acid Technical
32 Glyphosate Technical and 36 % SL& 41% SL
34 Hydrochloric Acid 36% DM Grade
35 Indoxacarb Technical
36 Imidacloprid Technical & Imidacloprid 70 % WDG
38 Lufenuron
39 Malathion Technical
40 Mancozeb Technical
41 Metalaxyl Technical
42 Metsulfuron Methyl Technical
43 Methanol
44 N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone
45 Mono Chloro Benzene
46 Monocrotophos Technical (E)
47 Myclobutanil (CCQ- ROOT)
48 Oxyflourfen 23.5% EC
49 Paraquat Dichloride 24%SL
51 Phosphoric Acid
54 Propargite 57 % EC
56 Propylene Glycol
57 Quinalphos
58 Sodium Hypo Chlorite
59 Sodium Para-Nitrophenolate 1.8% SL
60 Sulphur 80 % WDG
61 Sulphuric Acid SQ
62 Tebuconazole 25.9% EC
63 Thiodicarb 75% WP
64 Triadimefon 25% WP
66 Thiomethoxam Technical
67 Triazophos 40 % EC
68 Validamycin Technical

10.3.2.1 Acephate Technical

Health Hazards: Causes eye irritation; Harmful if swallowed; Avoid breathing dust or spray mist;
Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing
Fire Hazards: Avoid breathing smoke or mists. Minimize amount of water used to prevent
environmental damage from excessive water run-off. Do not enter any enclosed area without full
protective equipment, including SCBA. Decontaminate personal protective equipment and fire
fighting equipment before reuse.
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Combustion forms carbon dioxide, water vapor and oxides of
sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorous.
Stability & Reactivity Hazards: Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions.
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Alkaline materials
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Contact with alkaline materials including hypochlorite oxidants,
may produce noxious gasses.
Toxicity Hazards: ACUTE: This product contains Acephate, a cholinesterase inhibitor. Acute
overexposures by oral, dermal or inhalation routes may produce signs and symptoms of toxicity,
usually within several hours of exposure.
Eye Irritation: Minimal effects clearing within 24 hours
Skin Irritation: Non-irritating (Toxicity Category IV).
Dermal Toxicity: The dermal LD50 in rabbits is > 2 g/kg
Oral Toxicity: The oral LD50 in male rats is 688 mg/kg. The oral LD50 in female rats is 1127 mg/kg.
The LD50 for the combined sexes is 846 mg/kg (Toxicity Category III).
10.3.2.2 Acetamiprid 20%SP

Potential Health Hazards: Appearance and odor: pale blue soluble powder (formulation)
Inhalation: Inhalation of dust of this material can cause drying of mucous membranes of the eyes,
nose and throat which may result in irritation and occasional nosebleeds.
Eye contact: Direct contact with dust may cause slight eye irritation.
Skin contact: Direct contact with dust may cause slight skin irritation. Ingestion : Slightly toxic if
swallowed.
Emergency Antidote: No specific antidote. Treat symptomatically.
Fire Hazard: Flammability: Non-flammable.

Stability & Reactvity hazards:

Stability: Chemically stable under normal storage and handling conditions.
Incompatibility: Strong bases, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
Toxicity Hazards:
Acute oral: LD50 for rat 1024 mg/kg. Low toxicity.
Acute dermal: LD50 for rat > 2000 mg/kg. Low toxicity.
Acute inhalation: (4 h) LC50 for rat > 2.0 mg/l. Low toxicity.
Irritation: Slightly irritating to rabbit eyes and skin.
Other: Long-term oral studies in animals showed no evidence of carcinogenicity.
10.3.2.3 Acetamipride technical

Health Hazards: Caution. Hazard to humans and domestic animals.
Fire & Explosion Hazards: Explosiveness: Will form dust explosive mixtures in air.
Dust explosive rating of ST-1 (KsT = 165 bar-meter per second).
Fire and Explosion Hazards: Like all organic and most dry chemicals, as a powder or dust, this
product (when mixed with air in critical proportions and in the presence of an ignition source) may
present an explosion hazard.
Storage Hazards: Never transfer this product to another container for storage.
Do not allow prolonged storage in areas where temperatures frequently exceed 46 deg C.
Toxicity Hazards: Acute Oral Toxicity: Rat: LD50: 217mg/kg (male) 146mg/kg (female)
Acute Dermal Toxicity: Rabbit: LD50: > 2,000 mg/kg
Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Rat: LC50 (4 h): > 2.88 mg/l
Skin Irritation: Rabbit: Slightly irritating, Eye Irritation: Rabbit: Mildly irritating
10.3.2.4 Alphamethrin 10% EC

Health Hazards:
Toxic if swallowed.May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. Causes skin irritation.May cause
an allergic skin reaction. Causes serious eye damage. Harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory
irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. May cause damage to organs (Peripheral nervous
system) through prolonged or repeated exposure.Very toxic to aquatic life. Very toxic to aquatic
life with long lasting effects.
Fire & Explosion Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapour

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture carbon monoxide, Hydrogen chloride,
Hydrogen cyanide, Carbon dioxide, organochloric compounds The substances/groups of
substances mentioned can be released in case of fire.
Flash point: approx. 44 °C
Stability & Reactvity hazards:
Reactivity:No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated.
Chemical stability:The product is stable if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated.
Possibility of hazardous reactions: No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as
prescribed/indicated.
Incompatible materials Substances to avoid: strong bases, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents
Toxicity Hazards:
Acute toxicity Assessment of acute toxicity: Of high toxicity after single ingestion. Of moderate toxicity
after short-term inhalation. Virtually nontoxic after a single skin contact.
Experimental/calculated data: LD50 rat (oral): > 210 - < 1,050 mg/kg (OECD Guideline 425)
LC50 rat (by inhalation): 1.96 mg/l 4 h (OECD Guideline 403) The product has not been tested. The
statement has been derived from substances/products of a similar structure or composition.
LD50 rat (dermal): > 5,000 mg/kg (OECD Guideline 402) No mortality was observed. Irritation
Assessment of irritating effects: May cause severe damage to the eyes. Skin contact causes irritation
10.3.2.5 Atrazin Technical

Health Hazards: May be harmful if swallowed. Causes mild eye irritation
ACGIH TLV: 5 mg/m³ TWA
Fire Hazards: Combustible powder.
Unusual Fire, Explosion and Reactivity Hazards
During a fire, irritating and possibly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or
combustion.
This material is capable of forming flammable dust clouds in air, which, if ignited, can produce a dust
cloud explosion. Flames,hot surfaces, mechanical sparks and electrostatic discharges can serve as
ignition sources for this material. Electrical equipment should be compatible with the flammability
characteristics of this material. The flammability characteristics will be made worse if the material
contains traces of flammable solvents or is handled in the presence of flammable solvents.

Toxicity Hazards:
Acute Toxicity/Irritation Studies (Finished Product)
Reproductive/Developmental Effects
Ingestion: Oral (LD50 Female Rat): 3129 mg/kg body weight
Dermal: Dermal (LD50 Rabbit) :> 5050 mg/kg body weight
Inhalation: Inhalation (LC50 Rat) : > 2.5 mg/l air - 4 hours
Eye Contact: Minimally Irritating (Rabbit)
Skin Contact: Non-Irritating (Rabbit)
Skin Sensitization: Not a Sensitizer (Guinea Pig)
10.3.2.6 Bifenthrin Technical

Health Hazards: Solid material
Fatal if swallowed. May cause an allergic skin reaction.Toxic if inhaled.Suspected of causing
cancer. Causes damage to organs {nervous system} through prolonged or repeated exposure. Very
toxic to aquatic life. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Adverse Human Health Effects and Symptoms:
Causes damage to organs {nervoius system} through prolonged or repeated exposure. Material
may be irritating to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.May be harmful by skin
absorption. May cause an allergic skin reaction. May cause eye, skin, or respiratory system
irritation.
Fire & Explosion Hazards: Flammable Properties :No data available.
Stability & Reactvity hazards: Incompatibility - Materials strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts: carbon dioxide carbon monoxide hydrogen chloride
hydrogen fluoride
Toxicity Hazards:
Information on Toxicological Effects: The toxicological effects of this product have not been
thoroughly studied. Bifenthrin - Toxicity Data: Oral LD50 (rat): 54500 ug/kg; Intraperitoneal
TDLO (mouse): 112.7 mg/kg/28D (intermittent);
Chronic Toxicological Effects: Bifenthrin - Investigated as an agricultural chemical and mutagen.
and hydrogen fluoride.
Toxicity Hazards: Dermal: LD50: > 2,000 mg/kg (rabbit), Oral: LD50: 53.4 mg/kg (rat)
Inhalation: LC50: 0.8 mg/l (4 h) (rat)

Sensitization: This product produces skin sensitization (allergic reaction) in laboratory animals, and
may produce similar effects in humans.
10.3.2.7 Buprofezin Technical

Health Hazards: More important danger for the man: It is not inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase, but
it is Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors.
Environment Hazard: Dangers for the environment: Because the chemical itself is very specific to the
certain insects, it is very safe to the natural enemies and the other beneficial insects.
Physical-chemical dangers: None
Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: fire and high temperature
Products to avoid: highly alkaline materials.
Thermal decomposition: Hazardous decomposition products: not applicable
Toxicological Information
Contact with the skin: Not irritating to skin. Contact with the eyes: Not irritating to eye.
Inhalation: Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >4.57 mg/l air.
Acute toxicity: Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 2198, female rats 2355, male and female mice >10
000 mg/kg. Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg. Mild skin irritant (guinea pigs). NOEL
for male rats 0.90, female rats 1.12 mg/kg daily. ADI (JMPR) 0.01 mg/kg.
10.3.2.8 N-Butyl Alcohol

Health Hazards:
Hazards description The substance may cause permanent eye damages and by skin contact irritation
and dehydration. Vapours are irritating to the respiratory system and also affects the central nervous
system which may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Early symptoms of exposure may include fatigue
and headache.
Causes serious eye damage and respiratory & skin irritation. Harmful if swallowed. May cause
drowsiness or dizziness.
Fire Hazards: The substance is a flammable liquid and may form explosive air/vapour mixtures.
Vapours may spread along floors and be ignited by electrostatic charges.

Reactivity hazards: The substance is an alcohol. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base
behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. esters through
condensation reactions. The substance may be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones.
Possibility of hazardous reactions Reacts with: Oxidizing substances, Strong acids. Reacts with
ethylene carbonate to form butyl cellosolve (highly toxic). Reacts with nitrous acid to form butyl
nitrite (toxic). Reacts with ammonia to produce toxic Butyl amine. 10.4. Conditions to avoid Keep
away from heat, sparks, flame and other sources of ignition (i.e., pilot lights, electric motors and
static electricity). 10.5. Incompatible materials Strong oxidizing agents. Attacks plastic and rubber
10.3.2.9 Carbendazim Technical

Health Hazards: Possible risk of irreversible effects.
Fire Hazards: Flash point: non-inflammable
Reactivity & Stability Hazards: Stability: Decomposes at melting point. Stable for at least 2 year
below 50 Deg C. Slowly decomposed in alkaline solution (22Deg C) DT50 >350 d(pH 5 and pH 7),
124 d (pH 9). Stable in acids, forming water-soluble salts.
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Incompatible with alkaline materials
Hazardous reaction: The substance decomposes slowly on contact with bases.
Toxicity Hazards: Acute oral LD50: rat >15000mg/kg; dog >2500mg/kg
Acute dermal LD50: rabbit >10000mg/kg; rat >2000mg/kg
Contact with the skin: no irritant to skin, Contact with the eyes: Not irritant to eyes.
Inhalation: LC50 (4 h) for rats 300 mg/kg diet; Evaporation at 20℃ is negligible; a harmful
concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying or when dispersed,
especially if powdered
10.3.2.10 Carbofuron Technical

Potential Health Effects: Effects from overexposure result from either swallowing or absorption
through the skin and may result from breathing the dust. Conditions of increased temperature and
humidity may aid skin absorption of this product, and therefore, increase toxicity.
Moderately toxic to fish and aquatic organisms. Keep out of drains and water courses. Moderate oral
toxicity.

Fire Hazards: Purple granules with a slightly phenolic odor. Slightly combustible. May support
combustion at elevated temperatures. Degrades at temperatures above 130℃. Thermal decomposition
and burning may form toxic by-products.
Reactivity Hazards: Conditions/Materials to Avoid (Incompatibility): Excessive heat and fire.
Toxicity Hazards: Rat Acute Oral: LD50 = 167 mg/kg Rabbit Acute Dermal: LD50 > 2000 mg/kg
Rat Acute Inhalation: LC50 = 1.18 mg/L/4 hr Reproductive effects: Consuming high doses over long
periods of time caused damage to testes in dogs, but carbofuran did not have any reproductive effects
on rats or mice. Available studies indicate carbofuran is unlikely to cause reproductive effects in
humans at expected exposure levels.
10.3.2.11 Cartap Hydrochloride Technical

Health Hazards: Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. Toxic to bees.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Likely routes of exposure: Ingestion, skin and eye contact.
Main hazard: Cartap is moderately toxic to mammals on acute exposure by several routes of
administration.
Acute oral LD50: (calculated ): 650 mg/kg.
Acute dermal LD50: (calculated): > 2 000 mg/kg.
Acute inhalation LC50: Technical: LC50 rats: > 0,54 mg/l/6 hours
Acute skin irritation: Not irritant. Acute eye irritation: Not irritant
10.3.2.12 Chlorpyriphos Technical

Health Hazards: Cholinesterase inhibitor；may be fatal if swallowed.Harmful if absorbed through
skin or inhaled. Causes moderate eye irritation.Avoid breathing product vapors or dust.Avoid contact
with yes，skin or clothing.
Potential Health Effects: Eye：maybe injure eye tissue if not removed promptly Skin：harmful if
absorbed through the skin.Large exposures could be fatal.Ingestion:may be fatal if swallowed.
Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: fire, heat and high temperature
Hazardous decomposition products: oxides of nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and phoshorous.
Toxicity Hazaeds:Acute oral LD50 for rat：82 mg/kg
Acute dermal LD50 for rat: 203 mg/kg, Inhalation LD50 (4h) for rat: 630mg/m3
Chronic toxicity: Repeated or prolonged exposure to organophosphates may result in the same
effects as acute exposure including the delayed symptoms.
10.3.2.13 Carbosulfan Technical

Health Hazards: Harmful by inhalation.
Enironment Hazards: Toxic to aquatic organisms.May cause long-term adverse effects in the
environment.
Reactivity Hazards: Materials to avoid: Strong acids
Toxicity Hazards: Acute oral toxicity: LD50 rat, Dose: > 1,257.9 mg/kg
Acute dermal toxicity: LD50 rabbit, Dose: > 2,000 mg/kg
Acute inhalation toxicity: LC50 rat, Exposure time: 4 h, Dose: 0.34 mg/l
Skin irritation: Classification: No skin irritation, Eye irritation: Classification: No eye irritation
Sensitization: Classification: Not sensitizing to skin.
10.3.2.14 Clodinafop- Propargyl 15% WP

Health Hazards: Snow white color fine powder
Symptoms of Acute Exposure Causes irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Skin allergies
are possible. Exposure to high vapor levels may cause headache, dizziness, numbness, nausea,
incoordination, or other central nervous system effects.
Fire Hazards:
Specific hazards: If involved in a fire, it will emit hydrogen chloride and possibly organo chlorine
compounds.
Reactivity & Stability Hazards:
Incompatibility : Strong oxidizers, strong acids, alkalis.
Polymerization : Polymerization will not occur Hazardous decomposition : May decompose at high
temperatures to form toxic gases.
Toxicity Hazards:
Acute oral toxicity : > 2 000 mg/kg Acute inhalation toxicity: > 3 500 mg/cm³ Acute dermal toxicity:
> 4 000 mg/kg Skin irritation: Moderate irritant Eye irritation: Moderate irritant Sensitization:
Potential skin sensitizer

10.3.2.15 Chlormequat Chloride 50% Solution

Yellowish to brown liquid.
Health Hazards: May cause eye/skin irritation .May be harmful if swallowed
Fire Hazards: No Fire hazards. Hazards during fire-fighting: Hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
Conditions to avoid: Avoid all sources of ignition: heat, sparks, and open flame. Avoid prolonged
storage. Avoid electro-static discharge. Avoid contamination. Avoid prolonged exposure to extreme
heat. Avoid extreme temperatures.
Substances to avoid: strong bases, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous reactions: No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated.
Decomposition products: Hazardous decomposition products: No hazardous decomposition products
if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated. Thermal decomposition: 140 °C, 2 K/min.
Corrosion to metals: Corrosive effect on: aluminum mild steel Corrosion rate > 6.25 mm/a using
7075-T6 or AZ5GU-T6. Oxidizing properties: not fire-propagating (calculated).
Toxicity Hazards:
LD50/oral/rat = 300 - 2000 mg/kg LD50/dermal/rat = > 2000 mg/kg LC50/inhalation/4h/rat = > 5.32
mg/l
Eye irritation :No eye irritation
Skin irritation:Non-irritating to the skin
Sensitization: No sensitization responses were observed
Mutagenic effects did not show mutagenic effects in animal experiments
Reproductive Toxicity: No toxicity to reproduction Carcinogenic effects did not show carcinogenic
effects in animal experiments
10.3.2.16 Copper Oxy Chloride Technical

Health Hazards: EYE: Moderate eye irritant. May cause allergic conjunctivitis.
SKIN: Moderate skin irritant. May cause allergic irritation.INGESTION: Harmful if swallowed
INHALATION: May cause irritation of the nose and throat and cause coughing and chest
discomfort.
SYSTEMIC (other target organ): No data available

Fire Hazards: If involves in fire, oxides of copper, hydrogen chloride may be produced.
Reactivity Hazards: Strong Acids.
Toxicity Hazards: Oral LD50 (Rat): 700 – 800 mg/kg.Dermal LD50 (Rat): > 2000 mg/kg,
Inhalation LC50 (Rat): > 30 (4h) mg/L
10.3.2.17 Cypermethrin
MajorHealthHazards:The onset of symptoms varies depending upon such factors as the route of
absorption and quantity involved. Inpatients with occupational poisoning, skin symptoms. Usually
develop within 4-6 hours after exposure, with systemic symptoms occurring as late as 48 Hours after
exposure. Paraesthesia of the facial skin can develop approximately 30minutes after Exposure and
does not usually last beyond 24hours when exposure is terminated. Following ingestion, the initial
symptoms involve the gastrointestinal tract, developing 10-60 minutes after exposure. Patients
suffering from acute oral poisoning usually develop prominent digestive symptoms such as epigastric
pain, nausea and vomiting.
Fire Hazards: The substance decomposes on heating above 220℃, producing toxic fumes including
hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride.
Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: avoid high temperature and flame; Products to avoid:
alkaline pesticides; Thermal decomposition: 150～300℃; Hazardous decomposition products:
hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride.
Toxicity Hazards: Acute oral LD50: rat 250-4150mg/kg Acute dermal LD50: rat >4920mg/kg
Contact with the skin: slight irritation to skin of rabbit; Contact with the eyes: slight irritation to eyes
of rabbit;
Carcinogenic effects: EPA has classified cypermethrin as a possible human carcinogen because
available information is inconclusive. It caused benign lung tumors in female mice at the highest dose
tested (229 mg/kg/day); however, no tumors occurred in rats given high doses of up to 75 mg/kg/day.
10.3.2.18 Cyhalofop Butyl 10% EC

Health hazards: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.Very toxic to
aquatic life.Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Toxicity: Acute toxicity: 1) Acute oral LD50 for rat: >5000 a.i.mg/kg.
2) Acute dermal LD50 for rat: >2000 a.i.mg/kg.

3) Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rat: >5.63 a.i.mg/L.

4) Not irritant to skin (rabbits). 5) Slightly irritating to eyes (rabbits). 6) Not sensitising
(guinea pig).
10.3.2.19 Cyfluthrin 5% EW
Health hazards: Fatal if swallowed.Toxic if inhaled.Very toxic to aquatic life.Very toxic to aquatic
life with long lasting effects.
ACGIH TLV: CEIL: 5 mg/m3 (salts)
Fire Hazards: No data available
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts: carbon dioxide carbon monoxide hydrogen cyanide
hyddrogen fluoride nitrogen oxides phosgene
Toxicity Hazards: No data available
10.3.2.20 Cyclohexanone
Health Hazards: Inhalation: OEL: 1000 ppm, may cause Narcosis and dealth. Exposure above 80
ppm is already irritating for eyes, throat and respiratory tract.
Ingestion: Gastrointestinal tract irritation. Can be fatal if ingested from 10ml or more.
Skin contact: Moderate irritation and discomfort possible. Defatting of skin, redness and chemical
dermatitis possible. Toxic systemic effects from absorption are possible.
Eye Contact: Severe irritation and discomfort. Reversible and/or irreversible corneal damage may
occur.
Fire Hazards: Auto-Ignition Temperature: 420°C (788°F) Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 43.889°C
(111°F). OPEN CUP: 46°C (114.8°F). Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1.1% UPPER: 9.4% Products of
Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Flammable in presence of open flames and sparks,
of heat
Reactivity Hazards: Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources, incompatible materials
Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis.
Special Remarks on Reactivity: Incompatible with amines, nitric acid and other strong acids,
strongt alkalies (bases) such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, strong oxidizing agents

(perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, nitrates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine)

Cyclohexanone can react vigorously with strong oxidizing materials.
10.3.2.21 CIX Solvent

Potential Acute Health Effects: Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact
(irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, permeator), of eye
contact (corrosive). Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous
membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the
spray mist may produce severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or
shortness of breath. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin
inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.
Primary Routes of Entry: Inhalation, skin contact/absorption, eye contact, and ingestion.
General Acute Exposure: Liquid, mist, or vapours can cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract
irritation and Central Nervous System (CNS) depression.
Fire Hazards: Hazardous Combustion Products: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide.
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Forms peroxides of unknown stability. It is combustible.
Prevention of Fire and Explosion: Keep away from heat and flame. Keep away from contact with
oxidizing materials. Minimize exposure to air. After opening, purge container with nitrogen before
reclosing. If peroxide formation is suspected, do not open or move container. Do not distill to near
dryness.
Addition of water or appropriate reducing materials will lessen peroxide formation.
Reactivity Hazards: Stability: Stable. Use caution when storing or processing material above 12.3
°C. Forms peroxides of unknown stability.
Incompatibility: Material reacts with strong oxidizing agents.
Toxicity Hazards: Acute toxicity data, if available, are listed below.
Oral LD-50:(rat) 1,746 mg/kg, Oral LD-50:(mouse) 1,519 mg/kg
Oral LD-50:(guinea pig) 1,414 mg/kg, Inhalation LC-50: (mouse) 7 h: 700 ppm
Inhalation LC-50: (female guinea pig) 1 h: > 633 ppm (highest concentration tested)
10.3.2.22 Deltamethrin Technical

Health Hazards: Harmful if swallowed. Causes moderate eye irritation & is extremely toxic to fish.

Fire Hazards: Hazards from combustion products: Heating/combustion will generate oxides of
carbon and nitrogen, and other irritant and toxic fumes.
Reactivity Hazards: Incompatibility: Incompatible with acids, alkalies, strong oxidising agents.
Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat
Toxicological Information:
Acute:Oral toxicity: LD50 rat: 1965 mg/kg, Dermal toxicity: LD50 rat: > 2000 mg/kg
Inhalation toxicity: N/A, Skin irritation: Not irritating – rabbit
Eye irritation: Irritating – rabbit, Sensitisation: Not sensitising - guinea pig
Reproductive Effects: A reproductive 3-generation study in rats reported a reproductive NOEL to be
greater than 2.5 mg/kg/day. Levels tested were 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg/day.
Oral administration of deltamethrin to mice on days 7 to 16 of gestation produced a dosage-related
reduction of weight gain but no effect on the number of implants, fetal mortality, fetal weight or
malformations.
10.3.2.23 Dichlorvos
Warning Statements: This product is an organophosphate (cholinesterase- inhibiting) insecticide.
Reactivity Hazards: Incompatibility: Strong oxidizers, acids, bases.
Conditions to Avoid: Extreme heat, sparks and open flame.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: CO2, CO, NOx, phosphorus containing compounds and other
unknown hazardous material may be formed in a fire situation. Incomplete combustion may lead to
formation of carbon monoxide and/or other asphyxiants.
Toxicity Hazards:
Acute Oral LD50 (rat): (Dichlorvos (DDVP) technical) 56 mg/kg
Eye Irritation (rabbit): May cause eye irritation.
Inhalation LC50 (rat): 140mg/m3 (whole body, mist).
Acute Dermal LD 50 (rabbit): (Dichlorvos Technical): 205 mg/kg
Skin Irritation (rabbit): Caused mild irritation.
Ingestion: May cause stomach distress, nausea or vomiting.
Mutagenic effects: Dichlorvos can bind to molecules such as DNA. For this reason, there has been
extensive testing of dichlorvos for mutagenicity. Several studies have shown dichlorvos to be a
mutagen; for example, dichlorvos is reported positive in the Ames mutagenicity assay and in other

tests involving bacterial or animal cell cultures. However, no evidence of mutagenicity has been
found in tests performed on live animals. Its lack of mutagenicity in live animals may be due to rapid
metabolism and excretion. Organ toxicity: Dichlorvos primarily affects the nervous system through
cholinesterase inhibition, the blockage of an enzyme required for proper nerve functioning.
10.3.2.24 Difenoconozole
Symptoms of Acute Exposure: May cause eye irritation.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Can decompose at high temperatures forming toxic gases.
Unusual Fire, Explosion and Reactivity Hazards: During a fire, irritating and possibly toxic gases
may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.
10.3.2.25 N.N Dimethyl Formamide

Clear, colorless liquid. Odor: Fishy, pungent.
Health Hazards: Causes eye irritation. Causes skin irritation. May cause gastrointestinal irritation
with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause kidney damage. May cause liver damage. Causes
respiratory tract irritation. Possible cancer hazard based on tests with laboratory animals. Prolonged
or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. May cause reproductive and foetal effects.
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 10 ppm (TWA) skin.
Ventilation System:
A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the
Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the
emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area.
Fire Hazards: Flash point: 58 Deg C. Auto-ignition temperature: 445 Deg C.
Flammable limits in air % by volume: LEL 2.2; UEL 15.2
Flammable Liquid and Vapor!
Explosion: Above the flash point, explosive vapor-air mixtures may be formed. Vapors can flow
along surfaces to distant ignition source and flash back. Sealed containers may rupture when heated.
Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire. Sensitive to static discharge.
Reactivity Hazards: Mechanical shock,

incompatible materials, ignition sources, excess heat, temperatures above 55 Deg C Acids, oxidizers,
halogenated materials, nitrates, chloroformates, reducing agents, chlorine, bromine, potassium
permanganate
Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: May form ammonia, carbon oxides, amines, and nitrogen
oxides when heated to decomposition. Above 350 Deg C, DMF begins to degrade with formation of
Dimethyl amine and carbon monoxide.
Incompatibilities: Bromine, carbon tetrachloride, chromic anhydride, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole,
Phosphorus Oxychloride, Hexa chloro benzene, magnesium nitrate, Methylene diisocyanate,
phosphorus trioxide, Triethyl aluminum, organic nitrates, acidic and alkaline materials, and other
halogenated compounds. Contact with iron or
strong oxidizers may cause fires and explosions; may react violently with alkyl aluminums.
Methylene diisocyanate can polymerize violently on contact with DMF.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles.
10.3.2.26 Demethyl Sulfoxide

Health Hazards:Causes irritation to the respiratory tract. May cause allergic reaction in sensitive
individuals. Causes irritation to the gastrointestinal tract.
Causes irritation to skin. A good solvent; may result in the increased skin absorption of other more
toxic materials. Causes irritation, redness, and pain. May cause blurred vision.
Topical application enhances dermal absorption of many other chemicals, including drugs and
allergens of moderate molecular weight.
250-USA Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels (WEEL)
Fire Hazards: Combustible
Flash point: 89 Deg C, LEL:3.0 to 3.5 % V/V UEL: 42 to 63 v/v, AIT: 300 to 302 Deg C
Reactivity Hazards:
Chemical stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Possibility of hazardous reactions: No data available
Conditions to avoid: Heat, flames and sparks.
Materials to avoid: Acid chlorides, Phosphorus halides, Strong acids, Strong oxidizing agents,
Strong reducing agents

Hazardous decomposition products: Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire

conditions. - Carbon oxides, Sulphur oxides
10.3.2.27 Emamectin Benzoate Technical

Symptoms of Acute Exposure: Causes eye and skin irritation. Inhalation can cause irritation
to the respiratory tract and can result in chemical pneumonitis if aspirated. Ingestion results
in central nervous system effects such as muscle tremors, decreased activity, ataxia
(unsteadiness or incoordination), and dilated pupils (mydriasis).
Fire Hazards: Hazardous Decomposition Products: Can decompose at high temperatures forming
toxic gases.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat and light.
Toxicity Hazards: Ingestion: Oral (LD50 Rat): = 1,516 mg/kg body weight
Dermal: Dermal (LD50 Rabbit) :> 2,000 mg/kg body weight
Inhalation: Inhalation (LC50 Rat) : Not Available
10.3.2.28 Epichlorohydrin
Health Hazards:
Acute Health Hazards: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of
ingestion, of inhalation (lung irritant). Corrosive to skin and eyes on contact. Liquid or spray mist
may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract.
Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mist may produce severe irritation of
respiratory tract.
Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified + (PROVEN) by OSHA+
(PROVEN) by NIOSH. Classified A3 (Proven for animal.) by ACGIH. Classified 2A (Probable for
human.) by IARC, 2 (Reasonably anticipated.) by NTP. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Classified
POSSIBLE for human.
The substance is toxic to kidneys, lungs, liver, skin.
Exposure Limits: United States: TWA: 0.5 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) SKIN United States: TWA:
0.5 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL)

Fire & Explosion Hazards:

Flammability of the Product: Flammable. Auto-Ignition Temperature: 411°C (771.8°F) Flash Points:
CLOSED CUP: 31°C (87.8°F). Flammable Limits: LOWER: 3.8% UPPER: 21% Products of
Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2). Fire Hazards in Presence of Various
Substances: Flammable in presence of shocks, of heat.
Storage Hazards: Flammable materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet or room.
Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep container tightly closed. Keep in a
cool, well-ventilated place. Ground all equipment containing material. A refrigerated room would be
preferable for materials with a flash point lower than 37.8°C.
Stability and Reactivity Hazards:
Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with acids, alkalis.
Special Remarks on Reactivity: Explosive reactions with aniline, Trichloro chloro ethylene,
potassium tert-butoxide, sulfuric acid or Isopropyl amine
10.3.2.29 Fipronil Technical

May irritate eyes and skin. Not flammable.
Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat and fire
Hazardous decomposition products: Thermal decomposition may produce toxic by-products of
carbon and nitrogen.
Toxicological Information
Acute InhalationLC50 (rat): 0.682mg/l
Acute oral LD50 (rat) : 97mg/kg
Acute dermal LD50 (rat) : >2000mg/kg
Skin contact: May irritate the skin – not classified as an irritant.
10.3.2.30 Formaldehyde
Potential Health Effects:
The perception of formaldehyde by odor and eye irritation becomes less sensitive with time as one
adapts to formaldehyde. This can lead to overexposure if a worker is relying on formaldehyde's
warning properties to alert him or her to the potential for exposure.

Inhalation: May cause sore throat, coughing, and shortness of breath. Causes irritation and
sensitization of the respiratory tract. Concentrations of 25 to 30 ppm cause severe respiratory tract
injury leading to pulmonary edema and pneumonitis.
Ingestion: Can cause severe abdominal pain, violent vomiting, headache, and diarrhea. Larger doses
may produce decreased body temperature, pain in the digestive tract, shallow respiration, weak
irregular pulse, unconsciousness and death. Methanol component affects the optic nerve and may
cause blindness.
Skin Contact: Toxic. May cause irritation to skin with redness, pain, and possibly burns. Skin
absorption may occur with symptoms paralleling those from ingestion. Formaldehyde is a severe skin
irritant and sensitizer. Contact causes white discoloration, smarting, cracking and scaling.
Eye Contact: Vapors cause irritation to the eyes with redness, pain, and blurred vision. Higher
concentrations or splashes may cause irreversible eye damage.
Chronic Exposure: Frequent or prolonged exposure to formaldehyde may cause hypersensitivity
leading to contact dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged skin contact with formaldehyde may cause an
allergic reaction in some people. Vision impairment and enlargement of liver may occur from
methanol component. Formaldehyde is a suspected carcinogen (positive animal inhalation studies).
Fire Hazards: Flash point: 60 Deg C , Auto-ignition temperature: 300 Deg C
Flammable limits in air % by volume: LEL: 7.0; UEL: 73
Flammable liquid and vapor! Gas vaporizes readily from solution and is flammable in air.
Explosion: Above flash point, vapor-air mixtures are explosive within flammable limits noted above.
Containers may explode when involved in a fire.
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV):0.3 ppm Ceiling formaldehyde, Sensitizer, A2 Suspected
Human Carcinogen 200 ppm (TWA) 250 ppm (STEL) skin for methanol
Reactivity Hazards:
Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: May form carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and
formaldehyde when heated to decomposition.
Hazardous Polymerization: Trioxymethylene precipitate can be formed on long standing at very
low temperatures. Nonhazardous
polymerization may occur at low temperatures, forming Paraformaldehyde, a white solid.

Incompatibilities: Incompatible with oxidizing agents and alkalis. Reacts explosively with nitrogen
dioxide at ca. 180 Deg C . Reacts violently with Perchloric acid, Perchloric acid-aniline mixtures, and
Nitromethane.
Reaction with hydrochloric acid may form bis-Chloromethyl ether, an OSHA regulated carcinogen.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles
10.3.2.31 Gibberallic Acid Technical

This is expected to be a low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause eye and skin irritation.
May cause respiratory and digestive tract irritation. Target Organs: None.
Potential Health Effects:
Eye: May cause eye irritation. Skin: May cause skin irritation.
Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive tract. Low hazard for usual industrial handling.
Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation. Low hazard for usual industrial handling.
Chronic: None
Fire Hazards: During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal
decomposition or combustion.
NFPA Rating: health: 1; flammability: 0; instability: 0;
Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and
handling conditions.
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, incompatible materials, dust generation, excess heat.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Solutions containing chlorine.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.
Toxicity Hazards: LD50/LC50: Oral, rat: LD50 = 6300 mg/kg; Skin, rabbit: LD50 = >2 gm/kg;
Carcinogenicity: Gibberellic acid - Not listed as a carcinogen by ACGIH, IARC
10.3.2.32 Glyphostate Technical & Glyphostate 36 % SL &41% SL

Causes severe eye irritation and is corrosive to eye tissue. Causes skin irritation. May be harmful if
absorbed through skin. Inhalation of dust can cause irritation of nose, throat and lungs.
3
TLV:10 mg/m TWA (ACHIH)
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, mucosal membranes, lungs, and cardiovascular system.

Potential Health Effects: Eye: Causes severe eye irritation and irreversible effects to eye tissue.
Severity depends on the amount and duration of exposure.
Skin: May be absorbed through the skin. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause skin irritation.
Severity of the irritation depends on the amount and duration of exposure.
Ingestion: Low acute oral toxicity. May be harmful if ingested.
Inhalation: Low acute inhalation toxicity. Exposure to dust may cause irritation to the respiratory
tract.
Chronic: Long-term studies in laboratory animals indicated effects in the liver and kidneys. High
levels of exposure can cause irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). There was no evidence of
carcinogenicity or mutagenicity in laboratory studies.
Fire Hazards: Flash Point: Not available. Flammability Limits: Not available.
Storage Hazards: Storage: Do not allow contact with metals. Keep away from sources of ignition.
This product may present a dust explosion hazard. Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed
container.
Stability & Rectivity Hazards: Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Incompatibility (Material to Avoid): Strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases and metals (e. g. iron).
Hazardous decomposition or By-products: Carbon mono-oxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides
and phosphor oxides.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
Conditions to Avoid: stored at temperature 40 C or less and in a dry and ventilated place. At
elevated temperature or in wet conditions, this material may lead to cake or decomposition.
Toxicity Hazards:
Acute Oral, rat: LD50>5000mg/kg; Acute Dermal, rabbit: LD50 >2000 mg/kg;
Inhalation, rat: LC50 > 1500 mg/m3 (4H);
Eye irritation: slightly irritation - corrosive to eye tissue; Skin irritation, rabbit: slight irritation;
Skin sensitization, guinea pig: not a sensitizer.
10.3.2.33 Hexaconozole Technical

Health Hazards: Primary Route of Entry: Inhalation, absorption sking contact
Fire Hazards: Flammable Limits: Not Available

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Thermal decomposition (e.g. fire) may produce carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides
Toxicity Hazards: Acute oral LD50 (rat): male 2189mg/kg, female 6071mg.kg
Dermal LD50 (rat): >2000mg/kg, Inhalation LC50 (4h): >5.9mg/l
Skin irritantion: no irritantion for rabbit. Eye irritantion: moderate irritantion for rabbit
Carcinogenic effects: Available evidence suggests that Hexaconazole is not carcinogenic
10.3.2.34 Hydrochloric Acid 36% DM Grade

Health Hazards: Corrosive! Inhalation of vapors can cause coughing, choking, inflammation of
the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract. Swallowing hydrochloric acid can cause immediate
pain and burns of the mouth, throat, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract. Can cause redness, pain,
and severe skin burns. Concentrated solutions cause deep ulcers and discolor skin. Vapors are
irritating and may cause damage to the eyes. Contact may cause severe burns and permanent eye
damage.
Chemical Hazards: Containers may burst when heated. Hazardous Decomposition Products : When
heated to decomposition, emits toxic hydrogen chloride fumes and will react with water or steam to
produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. Thermal oxidative decomposition produces toxic
chlorine fumes and explosive hydrogen gas.
Incompatibilities: A strong mineral acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid is incompatible with many
substances and highly reactive with strong bases, metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, amines,
carbonates and other alkaline materials.
Incompatible with materials such as cyanides, Sulfides, sulphites, and Formaldehyde
10.3.2.35 Indoxacarb Technical

Health Hazards:Eyes: May cause mild eye irritation with tearing, pain or blurred vision.
Skin: May cause slight skin irritation with itching, redness or swelling. Avoid contact with skin. Not
classified as hazardous according to the criteria of NOHSC.
Inhalation: May cause irritation of the upper respiratory passages with coughing and discomfort. Not
classified as hazardous according to the criteria of NOHSC.
Ingestion: Ingestion of large amounts may cause alterations in blood cell counts and/or anemia.
Hazardous if swallowed according to the criteria of NOHSC.

Toxicity Data:
Oral LD50 (male rat): 1867 mg/kg, Oral LD50 (female rat): 687 mg/kg
Dermal LD50 (rats): > 5000 mg/kg , 4 hr inhalation LC50 (rat): > 5.6 mg/L
3 3.
Exposure Standard: PEL (OSHA): 15 mg/m TWA, Total dust: 5 mg/ m TWA respirable dust
10.3.2.36 Imidacloprid Technical & Imidacloprid 70 % WDG
Fire Hazards: None
Conditions to avoid: Flame, fire and high temperature.
Products to avoid: Incompatible with alkaline pesticides
Thermal decomposition: Not applicable
Hazardous decomposition products: Nitride, chloride, carbon dioxide and so on.
Toxicity Hazards: Contact with the skin: Not irritant to skin
Contact with the eyes: Not irritant to eye.
Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning: Although no account of human poisoning was found in the
literature, signs and symptoms of poisoning would be expected to be similar to 4nicotinic signs and
symptoms, including fatigue, twitching, cramps, and muscle weakness including the muscles
necessary for breathing.
10.3.2.37 Lambdacyhlothrin Technical

Health Hazards: Symptoms of acute exposure: May cause mild eye and skin irritation. Toxic if
swallowed or
absorbed through the skin. Exposure to high vapor vapor levels may cause headache,dizziness,
numbness, nausea, incoordination, or other central nervous system effects.May cause temporary
itching, tingling, lurning or numbness of exposed skin, called paresthesia.
Hazardous decomposition products: Can decompose at high temperatures forming toxic gases.
Storage Hazards: Keep away from heat, spark, open flame and incompatible materials. (Strong
oxidizing agents). Protect containers against physical damage.
Acute oral LD50 for male rats 79, female rats 56, mice 20 mg/kg., Acute dermal LD50 for rats 632-
696 mg/kg

Inhalation LC50 (4 h) 0.06 mg/l air (total particulate), Moderate eye irritant (rabbits).
Not skin irritant (rabbits)., Non-sensitizer (guinea pigs)
10.3.2.38 Lufenuron Technical

Health Hazards: Toxicity: This product is slightly hazardous (WHO Hazard Class III)
Ingestion: LOW TOXICITY-Tests on rats indicate a low toxicity following single doses of the undiluted
product.(LD50 >3000 mg/kg)
Skin: Dermal absorption:LOW TOXICITY - Tests on rats indicate a low toxicity due to skin contact with the
undiluted product.(LD50 >4000 mg/kg)
Inhalation: LOW TOXICITY-Tests on rats indicate an low toxicity due to inhalation of the undiluted
product.(LC50 (4 h) >5300 mg/m3)
Irritation: Eye & Skin: Strong Irritant
Sensitization: Sensitiser-Skin: (guinea pigs)- NON-SENSITISER
Poisoning symptoms: No case of human poisoning is on record.
CHRONIC (Active Ingredient)-Lufenuron technical has been extensively tested on laboratory mammals and
in test tube systems. No evidence of mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic or reproductive effects were
obtained.
Storage Hazards: Avoid storage in temperatures below -10°C and above 35°C.
Fire Hazards: This product is flammable. During a fire this product may release smoke and hazardous
decomposition products.
10.3.2.39 Malathion Technical

Health Hazards: Cholinesterase inhibitor.Harmful if swallowed. Harmful if absorbed through skin or
inhaled.Causes slight eye irritation.Avoid breathing product vapors or spray mist. Avoid contact with eyes,
skin or clothing.
Inhalation: Malathion is a cholinesterase inhibitor of low mammalian toxicity. However storage at too high
temperatures may induce formation of the much more toxic and synergistic contaminant isomalathion.
Malathion and isomalathion can affect you when breathed in and can cause organophosphorous poisoning.
Symptoms of poisoning may include headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, tightness in chest, drooling,
frothing of mouth and nose, convulsions, coma and death.
Fire Hazards: Flash Point: 162 Deg C. Alert medical personnel to be ready to treat for pesticide poisoning,
should treatment be necessary
Reactivity Hazards: Relatively stable in neutral aqueous media. Decomposed by strong acid and alkali;
hydrolysis DT50 107 d (pH 5), 0.5 d (pH 9) (all 25°C)

Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat and sparks. Avoid contact with iron, strong alkali and storage above 120°F.
Incompatibility with other materials: Incompatible with alkaline materials and strong oxidizers.
Toxicity Hazards: Oral: LD50 for Rats (M): 1375-5500 mg/kg.
LD50 for mice: 775-3320 mg/kg. Dermal: LD50 for Rats: > 2000 mg/kg
LD50 for Rabbits: 4100-8800 mg/kg. Inhalation: LC50 (4h) for Rats > 5.2 mg/l air.
10.3.2.40 Mancozeb Technical

Health Hazards: More important danger for the man: none
Dangers for the environment: toxic to fish. Physical-chemical dangers: none.
Storage Hazards: Do not store in direct, hot sunlight.
Stability and Reactivity: Conditions to avoid: heat, water and fire
Products to avoid: oxidizers. Thermal decomposition: no determined
Hazardous decomposition products: oxides of nitrogen, sulfur, ethylene thiourea, and carbon
disulfide.
Hazardous reaction: will not occur
Contact with the skin: Contact can cause skin irritation. Contact with the eyes: can cause eye skin
irritation.
Inhalation: Inhalation can cause irritation of nose and throat.
Ingestion: Ingestion can cause temporary CNS depression, drowsiness, and changes in the liver and
weight loss.
Sharp toxicity: none. Effects for chronic oxhibition: Mancozeb was not carcinogenic in a two year
feeding study in rats at 250 ppm. In long-term feeding studies, some dithiocarbamates have induced
carcinogenicity and birth defects at high dietary intake levels.
Sensisation: none
Acute toxicity:Acute oral: LD50 acute oral rat:>5000 mg/kg,
Acute dermal: LD50 acute dermal rat: >10000 mg/kg
Inhalation toxicity: not applicable, Skin irritation: non-irritant to skin, Eye irritation: slight irritant to
eye

10.3.2.41 Metalaxyl Technical

Health Hazards: Symptoms of Acute Exposure: May cause eye irritation
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Can decompose at high temperature forming toxic gases
Fire Hazards: Flash point : >40 C, Flammability: Combustible Liquid
Toxicity Hazards:
Carcinogenicity Potential: None Observed
Reproductive Hazard Potential: None Observed
Mutagenic Potential: None observed
Chronic exposure: Liver effects at high dose levels
10.3.2.42 Metsulfuron Methyl Technical

Classification of risks of the chemical product:Dangers for the health of the people ,Effects of one on
acute exposure (short time): Information non-available
Inhalation: May be a mechanical irritant.
Contact with the skin: Repeated dermal contact with the active ingredient may cause skin irritation
with itching, burning, redness, swelling or rash.
Contact with the eyes: May cause eye irritation with tearing, pain or blurred vision.
Effects of one on chronic exhibition (long time): Information non-available.
Dangers for the environment: To avoid that the product reaches the water obstacles
Dangers special are of the product: None if it is used suitably.
Fire Hazards: Flashpoint: Not highly flammable, will burn if involved in a fire. Vapors may be
heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas.
Stability and Reactivity Hazards: Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Stability conditions to avoid: Excess heat, and incompatible materials.
Incompatibilities with other material: None reasonably foreseeable
Hazardous Decomposition products: Under fire conditions may produce gases such as oxides of
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur.
Toxicological Information: Skin irritation: Non-irritating to rabbit, Eye irritation: Slightly irritating to
rabbit
Sensitization: Not a sensitizer to Guinea pig.
Oral to Rat: ＞5000 mg/kg.
Dermal to Rabbit: ＞2000 mg/kg., Inhalation to Rat: LC50: 5.0 mg/L.
10.3.2.43 Methanol
Health Hazards: A slight irritant to the mucous membranes. Toxic effects exerted upon nervous
system, particularly the optic nerve. Once absorbed into the body, it is very slowly eliminated.
Symptoms of overexposure may include headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision,
blindness, coma, and death. A person may get better but then worse again up to 30 hours later.
Toxic Symptoms parallel inhalation. Can intoxicate and cause blindness. Usual fatal dose: 100-125
milliliters.
Methyl alcohol is a defatting agent and may cause skin to become dry and cracked. Skin absorption
can occur; symptoms may parallel inhalation exposure. Irritant. Continued exposure may cause eye
lesions.
Marked impairment of vision has been reported. Repeated or prolonged exposure may cause skin
irritation. Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions:
Fire & Explosion Hazards:
Hazardous Decomposition Products: May form carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde
when heated to decomposition.
Chemical Hazards: Strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates, perchlorates or sulfuric acid. Will attack
some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. May react with metallic aluminum and generate
hydrogen gas. Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles.
10.3.2.44 N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone
Health Hazards: Causes skin irritation Causes serious eye irritation May cause respiratory irritation
May damage the unborn child May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Fire Hazards: Combustible liquids, Flash Point 91 °C, Autoignition Temperature 346 °C
Reactive Hazard None known, based on information available Stability Hygroscopic. Air sensitive.
Light sensitive.
Conditions to Avoid:Incompatible products. Heat, flames and sparks. Exposure to air. Exposure to
moist air or water. Exposure to light. Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of
ignition. Incompatible Materials Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids, Strong bases

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen oxides
(NOx), peroxides
Hazardous Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization does not occur.
10.3.2.45 Mono Chloro Benzene

Health Hazards:Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May
cause respiratory irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. May cause damage to organs through
prolonged or repeated exposure. May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
Fire Hazards: Flash point : 28°C , Flammable Liquid. Flammable liquid and vapour. Vapours may
ignite explosively. Vapours are heavier than air and may spread along floors. May be sensitive to
static discharge.
Hazardous combustion products: Carbon oxides ;Hydrogen chloride;Phosgene; and other irritating
fumes and smoke
Reactvity & Stability Hazards:
Reactivity: Not normally reactive.
Chemical stability:Stable under normal conditions. Chlorobenzene decomposes slowly under
excessive heating at high temperatures to give some hydrogen chloride gas and traces of phosgene.
Possibility of hazardous reactions: Hazardous polymerization does not occur.
Conditions to avoid: Open flames, sparks, high heat, direct sunlight, and close proximity to
incompatible substances. Do not use in areas without adequate ventilation. Avoid Direct sunlight.
10.3.2.46 Monocrotophos Technical (E)

Health Hazards: It can affect you when breathed in and quickly enters the body by passing through
the skin
Fire Hazards: Fire: Combustible under specific conditions. Liquid formulations containing organic
solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.
Explosion: Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents.
Storage Hazards: Monocrotophos is not compatible with alkaline pesticides; black iron; drum steel;
stainless steel; and brass.
Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat and fire

Toxicity Hazards: Acute Toxicity: Monocrotophos is a direct acting cholinesterase inhibitor capable
of
Penetration through the skin. The dose which kills half of the test animals, the LD50, is 17-18 mg/kg
for male rats and 20 mg/kg for female rats. The LD50 for dermal exposure is 126 mg/kg for male rats,
112 mg/kg for female rats, and 354 mg/kg for rabbits. The concentration in air at which half of the
test animals die, the LC50 is 0.8 mg/l air.Monocrotophos is not irritating to skin and eyes.
10.3.2.47 Myclobutanil
Potential Health Hazards: Harmful if swallowed.Causes serious eye irritation. Suspected of
damaging fertility or the unborn child.Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
ACGIH TLV: CEIL: 5 mg/m3 (salts)
Fire Hazards: No data available
Incompatibility Materials: strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts: carbon dioxide carbon monoxide hydrogen chloride
nitrogen oxides
Toxicity Hazards:
Information on Toxicological Effects: The toxicological effects of this product have not been
thoroughly studied. Myclobutanil - Toxicity Data: Oral LD50 (rat): 1600 mg/kg; Oral LD50 (mouse):
1300 mg/kg;
Chronic Toxicological Effects: Myclobutanil - Investigated as an agricultural chemical, drug, and
reproductive effector
10.3.2.48 Oxyflourfen
Potential Health Hazards: May be harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. May
cause skin or eye irritation. May cause reproductive/development damage from repeated oral
exposure. May cause organ damage from repeated oral exposure at high doses. Avoid skin and eye
contact and inhalation.
Fire Hazards:Combustible liquid. Do not store or use near heat or naked flame. Will burn if ignited

Stability: Not subject to polymerization

Materials to avoid: Oxidizing agents, acids and alkali.
Hazardous reactions : None
Hazardous decomposition Chloride compounds, Fluoride compounds and nitrogen oxides. products:
Toxicity Hazards:
Ecotoxicity:Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Avoid contamination of any water supply with product
or empty container. Very toxic in the soil environment.
Acute toxicity - Oral: LD50 (rat) > 2,500 mg/kg
Acute toxicity - Dermal: LD50 (rabbit) > 2,000 mg/kg
Acute toxicity – Inhalation:LC50 > 2.02 mg/L (4 hours) (maximum attainable concentration)
Skin irritation: Moderately irritating (rabbit). Eye irritation: Moderately irritating (rabbit).
Sensitization : The product is not a skin sensitizer (guinea-pig).
10.3.2.49 Paraquat Dicloride Technical

Health Hazards: Inhalation: Cough. Laboured breathing. Sore throat.Skin contact: Harmful if
absorbed through skin.Eyes contact: Causes substantial but temporary eye injury.
Ingestion: May be fatal if swallowed.
Fire and explosion Hazards: Flash Point: 194 Deg F, Flammability: Combustible liquid
Unusual Fire, Explosion and Reactivity Hazards-During a fire, irritating and possibly toxic gases may
be generated by thermal decompositon or combustion.
Stability and Reactivity Hazards: Stable under normal use and storage conditions. The substance
decomposes under influence of UV light producing toxic and corrosive fumes including nitrogen
oxides,
hydrogen chloride. Reacts with strong oxidants. Reacts with bases (hydrolysis).
Unformulated products are corrosiveto common metals. Inactivated by inert clays and by anionic
surfactants.
Acute toxicity oral to female rats: LD50 is 90.9mg/kg
Acute toxicity oral to male rats: LD50 is 88.0mg/kg
Acute toxicity dermal to female rats: LD50 is 287mg/kg
Acute toxicity dermal to male rats: LD50 is 237mg/kg

Eye Contact: Moderately Irritation (Rabbit), Skin Contact: Slightly Irritation (Rabit)
Skin Sensitization: Not a skin sensitizer in animal tests.
10.3.2.50 Permerthrin Technical

Emergency Overview: Medium amber to light brown liquid with a very mild odor that:Causes skin
irritation and moderate eye injury. The product is highly toxic to fish and bees.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, eye and skin contact.
Immediate Effects:Eye: Causes moderate eye injury.
Skin: Causes skin irritation. Prolonged or frequently repeated skin contact may cause allergic
reactions in some individuals,
Storage Hazards: Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, Do not store near heat or open flame.
Reactivity Hazards: Incompatibility with other materials: Strong oxidizers.
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Acute Toxicity:Oral LD50 (rat): >3000mg/kg, Dermal LD50 (rat): >3050mg/kg
Inhalation 4-Hour LC50 (rat): >0.86 mg/L (max attainable concentration)
Skin irritation (rabbit): Moderate irritating @ 72 hrs; PDII=4.2,Eye irritation (rabbit): Moderate
irritating
Sensitization (guinea pig): Not a sensitizer
10.3.2.51 Phosphoric Acid

Potential Health hazards: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage .Causes serious eye damage
Reactivity Hazards: Reacts exothermically with water (moisture). Decomposes on exposure to
temperature rise: release of toxic and corrosive gases/vapours (phosphorus oxides). Reacts on
exposure to temperature rise with (some) metals: release of highly flammable gases/vapours
(hydrogen). Violent exothermic reaction with (some) bases. Violent to explosive reaction with many
compounds e.g.: with (strong) oxidizers and with (strong) reducers.
USA ACGIH:1 mg/m³
10.3.2.52 Pretilachlor Technical

Health Hazards: Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. Irritating to skin and eyes.May cause
sensitization by skin contact.
Environmental hazard in case of accident (Spillage/Leakage): Toxic to fish.

Stability and Reactivity:Assessment: Stable under standard conditions.

Stability: Relatively stable to hydrolysis; DT 50 (calc.) (20°C) > 200d (pH 1- pH 9),14 d (pH13).
Sensitivity to humidity: not sensitive to humidity. Air Sensitivity: not sensitive to air
Sensitivity to light: Not sensitive to light
Acute Oral Toxicity: LD50: 6099 mg/kg (rat), Acute Dermal Toxicity: LD50: > 3100 mg/kg (rat)
Acute Inhalation Toxicity: LC50: > 2.8mg/L (rat; 4 h)
Acute Skin Irritation: irritant (rabbit), Acute Eye Irritation: irritant (rabbit)
Skin Sensitization: sensitizing (guinea pig)
10.3.2.53 Profenofos Technical

Hazards Identification
Acute Effects:This product is moderately hazardous, however, no adverse effects are expected if the
product is handled in accordance with this material safety data sheet and the product label.Repeated minor
exposure may have a cumulative poisoning effect. Moderately toxic if swallowed. Moderate eye irritant.
Moderate skin irritant. The active ingredient Profenofos can be rapidly absorbed through the skin. Poisoning
may occur due to cholinesterase inhibition. Moderately toxic if inhaled. May lead to nausea, dizziness and loss
of consciousness.
Chronic effects:Repeated minor exposure may have a cumulative poisoning effect due to cholinesterase
inhibition. Cholinesterase levels will return to normal a few weeks after exposure is stopped. Profenofos is not
a considered to have mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic or reproductive effects.
Stability and Reactivity:Chemical stability: normally stable.
Conditions to avoid: avoid temperatures above (60Deg C).
Incompatibility with other materials: strong alkalis, amines and oxidizers.
Hazardous decomposition products: during a fire this product may release smoke and hazardous decomposition
products.
Hazardous polymerization: will not occur.
Acute toxicity:Oral LD50 for Rats: 358mg/kg, Dermal LD50 for Rats: 472mg/kg
Inhalation LC50 Rats: 3.0mg/m3 (4 hours), Skin irritation for Rabbit: No irritation
Eye irritation for Rabbit: Slight irritation, Skin sensitization for Guinea Pig: No sensitizer

10.3.2.54 Propargite 57 % EC
Potential Health Hazards: This substance is an eye irritant, and is corrosive to eyes. Corrosive and
irritating liquid. Treat symptomatically and supportively.
Fire Hazards: Combustible liquid.
Flash point >71.4o C .Thermal decomposition products :Combustible liquid that will on burning emit
noxious vapours and oxides of carbon and sulphur.
Reactivity & Stability Hazards: Stability Stable at normal temperature and pressure. Conditionsto
avoid: Reacts with strong acids and alkalis. Stable under normal storage conditions.
Materials to avoid: High temperatures, direct sunlight, acids and alkalis.
Hazardous reactions: No dangerous reaction known under conditions of normal use.
Toxicity Hazards:
Birds:Acute oral LC50 for mallard ducks >4640 mg/kg Dietary LC50 (8 d) mallard ducks >4640
mg/kg diet bobwhite quail 3401 mg/kg diet
Fish: LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 0.081 mg/l, Rainbow trout 0.043 mg/l
Bees: LD50 (48 h) (oral): >100 µg/bee LD50 (48 h) (contact): >47.92 µg/bee
10.3.2.55 Propiconazole Technical

Health Hazards:More important danger for the man: none
Dangers for the environment: toxic to aquatic
Physical-chemical dangers: can decompose at high temperatures forming toxic gases.
Flash point：11Deg C
Conditions to avoid: fire and heat
Products to avoid: not applicable
Thermal decomposition: not applicable
Hazardous decomposition products: toxic gases.
Hazardous reaction: not applicable
Acute oral LD50 (rat) : 1517 mg/kg, Acute dermal LD50(rat) : >4000mg/kg
Acute InhalationLC50(rat): 0.58mg/l, Skin contact:No irritate to the rabbits skin
Eye contact: No irritate to the rabbits eyes
10.3.2.56 Propylene Glycol

Health Hazards:
May cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the
air).Target Organs: Central nervous system.
Eye: May cause slight transient injury.
Skin: May be absorbed through damaged or abraded skin in harmful amounts. Allergic reactions
have been reported. A single prolonged skin exposure is not likely to result in the material being
absorbed in harmful amounts. Prolonged contact is essentially non-irritating to skin. Repeated
exposures may cause problems.
Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea
Inhalation: Low hazard for usual industrial handling.
Chronic: Exposure to large doses may cause central nervous system depression.
Fire Hazards: Flash Point: 99 deg C, Autoignition Temperature: 371 deg C
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Hygroscopic: absorbs moisture
or water from the air.
Conditions to Avoid: Excess heat, moist air.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, aldehydes.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
Tocicity Hazards:
Oral, mouse: LD50 = 22 gm/kg; , Oral, mouse: LD50 = 20300 mg/kg;
Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 18500 mg/kg;, Oral, rat: LD50 = 20 gm/kg;
Skin, rabbit: LD50 = 20800 mg/kg;, Skin, rabbit: LD50 = 20800 mg/kg;
10.3.2.57 Quinalphos Technical
Health Hazards: Harmful or fatal if swallowed - can enter lungs and cause damage
Contact can cause eye or skin irritation.
Fire Hazards: Flash Point: 26 Deg C.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Sulfur dioxide and trioxide

Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: Keep dry and avoid excessive heat and ignition sources.
Incomatibility: Oxidisng Agents
Toxicity Hazards:Acute Oral Toxicity:LD 50 (Oral-rat):71 mg/kg
10.3.2.58 Sodium Hypochlorite Solution

It is a corrosive liquid.
Health Hazards: It may cause irritation to the respiratory especially at higher concentration. Chronic
Exposure: A constant irritant to the eyes and throat. Low potential for sensitization after exaggerated
exposure to damage skin
Reactivity & Chemical Hazards:
Stability: Slowly decomposes on contact with air. Rate increases with the concentration and
temperature. Exposure to sunlight acceleration decomposition. Sodium Hypochlorite becomes less
toxic with age. Hazardous Decomposition Product: Emits toxic fumes of Chlorine when heated to
decomposition. Continuous to avoid: Light, heat and incompatibles.
10.3.2.59 Sodium Para-Nitrophenolate

Health Hazards: Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation.Causes serious eye irritation.Harmful
if inhaled.May cause respiratory irritation.
Fire Hazards: Flammable solid. In combustion toxic fumes may form.
Reactuvity & Stability Hazards:
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents. Strong acids.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: In combustion emits toxic fumes. In combustion emits toxic
fumes of carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide. In combustion emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides.
Toxicity Hazards:
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 Rat - 320 mg/kg Remarks: Behavioral:Somnolence (general depressed
activity). Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration:Other changes. Gastrointestinal:Other changes.
Dermal LD50 Rabbit - > 5,000 mg/kg
Remarks: Prolonged skin contact may cause skin irritation and/or dermatitis. Skin corrosion/irritation
Causes skin irritation
Serious eye Damage/irritation Causes serious eye irritation
Respiratory or skin :No sensitizing effect known sensitisation

10.3.2.60 Sulphur 80 % WDG

Health Hazards:Harmful if inhaled. Causes eye irritation.
Exposure Limits: TLV Elemental Sulfur 5 mg/m3
Fire Hazards: Will ignite when exposed to heat, flame and other sources of ignition. Dusts may form
explosive mixtures with air; avoid using heavy water streams. Thermal decomposition during a fire
can produce fumes and irritating gases.
Stability/Instability: Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and
handling conditions.
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, sparks, flame and other sources of ignition, and dust
generation.
Incompatible Materials: Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur
Thermal Decomposition: Decomposition products can include but are not limited to: Sulfur oxides
(including sulfur dioxide) and hydrogen sulfide.
Toxicity Hazards:
Acute Toxicity: Ingestion: Oral, LD50, (rat): >5000 mg/kg
Dermal: Dermal, LD50, (rabbit): >2,000 mg/kg
Inhalation:LC50, (rat): > 2.56 mg/L
Eye Irritation (rabbit):Moderately irritating
Skin Irritation (rabbit): Non-irritating
Sensitization Skin: Non-sensitizer (Guinea Pig)
Chronic Toxicity: At low levels generally recognized as safe
Carcinogenicity: Not likely to be carcinogenic in humans
10.3.2.61 Sulphuric Acid SQ

Chemical Hazards: Not flammable but highly reactive and capable of igniting finely divided
combustible material on contact. Reacts violently with water and organic material with evolution
of heat. Extremely hazardous in contact with many materials. Attacks and corrodes metals
releasing hydrogen.

Health Hazards: It has TLV of 1 mg/M3. Local exposure causes irritation of nose, throat and
laryngeal edema, bronchitis, pneumatis and pulmonary edema.
10.3.2.62 Tebuconazole 25.9% EC

Light yellow liquid
Health Hazards:
Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled.Causes serious eye damage.May cause respiratory
irritation.Suspected of damaging the unborn child.Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting
effects
Fire Hazards: Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
mixture 5.3 Advice for firefighters Special protective equipment for fire-fighters In the event of
fire the following may be released:, Hydrogen chloride (HCl), Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic
acid), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Reactvity & Stability Hazards:
Reactivity:Thermal decomposition 350 °C, Heating rate: 3 K/min Exothermic decomposition.
Chemical stability Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Possibility of hazardous reactions: No hazardous reactions when stored and handled according to
prescribed instructions.
Conditions to avoid: Extremes of temperature and direct sunlight.
Incompatible materials :Store only in the original container.
Hazardous decomposition products:No decomposition products expected
Toxicity Hazards:
Acute oral toxicity LD50 (rat) > 300 - < 2,000 mg/kg
Acute inhalation toxicity: LC50 (rat) ca. 5 mg/l Exposure time: 4 h ,Determined in the form of a
respirable aerosol.
Acute dermal toxicity: LD50 (rat) > 4,000 mg/kg
Skin irritation:No skin irritation (rabbit)
Eye irritation:Risk of serious damage to eyes. (rabbit)
Sensitisation:Non-sensitizing. (guinea pig)

10.3.2.63 Thiobencarp Technical

More important danger for the man: Cause eye irritation, may cause skin irritation
Dangers for the environment: Moderate toxicity to birds, aquatic organisms and other animals
Physical-chemical dangers: Not applicable, Flash point: Not applicable
Ignition temperature: Not applicable
Stability and Reactivity:Stability: stable under the normal conditions
Conditions to avoid: Fire, heat and high temperature, Products to avoid: Not applicable.
Hazardous decomposition products: Hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides
Toxicological Information:Acute oral LD50 for rat: ＞2000 mg/kg
Acute dermal LD50 for rat: ＞5000 mg/kg, Inhalation LD50 (4h) for rat: ＞3.6 mg/m3
Mild irritating to rabbit skin. Moderate irritating to rabbit eye.
10.3.2.64 Triadimefon Technical

Harmful if inhaled or ingested, may be harmful if absorbed through skin.
Chemical stability: Stable under normal conditions of use.
Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat.
Incompatible materials: Strong oxidising agents, acids.
Hazardous decomposition products: None under normal conditions. In a fire, formation of hydrogen
chloride, hydrogen cyanide, amines, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides can be expected.
Toxicological Information:Acute:Oral toxicity: LD50 rat: 1000 mg/kg
Dermal toxicity: LD50 rat: > 5000 mg/kg, Inhalation toxicity: LC50 rat: > 3.3 mg/L, dust (4 h)
Skin irritation: Slightly irritating (rabbit), Mucous membrane irritation: Non irritating (rabbit)
10.3.2.65 Thiomethoxam Technical

Health Hazards: Harmful if inhaled. Causes mild eye and skin irritation. Relevant routes of
exposure: Skin, eyes, mouth, lungs.
During a fire, irritating and possibly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or
combustion.
Flash point and method: 97.8 ºC. Hazardous combustion products: During a fire, irritating and
possibly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.
Chemical stability: Stable under normal use and storage conditions.

Conditions to avoid: None known.

Incompatibility with other materials: None known.
Hazardous decomposition products: Can decompose at high temperatures and form toxic gases.
Hazardous polymerization: Will not occur.
Toxicity Hazards:Ingestion: Low AcuteToxicity -Oral (LD50 Rat): > 5,000 mg/kg body weig
Dermal: Low AcuteToxicity -Dermal (LD50 Rabbit): > 2,000 mg/kg body weight
Inhalation: Slightly Acutely Toxic -Inhalation (LC50 Rat): > 0.641 mg/L air - 4 hours
Eye Contact: Minimally Irritating (Rabbit) , Skin Contact: Slightly Irritating (Rabbit)
Skin Sensitization: Not a Skin Sensitizer (Guinea Pig)
10.3.2.66 Tricyclazole Technical

Health Hazards:
Eye contact – Contact may cause slight eye irritation with slight, temporary corneal injury. Skin
contact – Brief contact may cause moderate skin irritation with local redness. Contact does not elicit
an allergic response. Inhalation – Vapors are unlikely due to physical properties. Prolonged,
excessive exposure to dust may cause adverse effects.
Toxicity Hazards:
Ingestion.-This material has moderate toxicity if swallowed. Swallowing small amounts incidental to
normal handling operations is not likely to cause injury; however, swallowing larger amounts may
cause injury, even death. Repeated exposure – In animal testing, effects has been reported on the
liver, kidney, testes, and gall bladder.
10.3.2.67 Trizophos Technical

Flammable. Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin.Toxic if swallowed.Risk of serious
damage to eyes.
Stability and Reactivity: Stability: Stable
Conditions to avoid: None
Incompatibility (Materials to avoid): None known
Hazardous decomposition products: Burning may yield Carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , nitrogen
oxide , oxide phosphorus , oxide sulfur.
Hazardous polymerization: will not occur.

Acute oral LD50, for rats 82 mg/kg. for dogs 320 mg/kg; Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats
1100mg/kg. In 2-year feeding trials rats receiving 1 ppm diet and dogs 0.3 ppm diet only direct effect
was inhibition of blood serum cholinesterase. Fish toxicity LC50 (48-h), for crucian 8.4 mg/l. ADI for
man 0.002 mg/kg body weight.
10.3.2.68 Validamycin Technical

May be harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Stability and Reactivity: Stability: stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage
Materials to avoid: water. Hazardous decomposition or byproducts: none
Hazardous polymerization: will not occur, Toxicological Information:Acute Toxicity
Oral: LD50 mouse >2g/kg, LD50 rat >20g/kg, Subcutaneous: LD50 rat >5g/kg
Inhalation: May cause irritation, Eye irritation: May cause irritation, Skin Irritation: May cause
irritation
Sensitization: Possible sensitivity in some individuals
Chronic toxicity: Practically non-toxic in rats. No observed effect level (NOEL) during 2years:40.4
mg/kg daily.
10.3.3 Chemical Storage Hazards

The chemicals involved are Toxic & corrosive, Flammable (Solvents such as CIX solvent, n-Butanol
etc) and irritant.
Chemical storage hazards include:
10.3.3.1 Spillages of Toxic & corrosive, Flammable (Solvents such as CIX solvent, n-Butanol etc)
caused by containment failure.
10.3.3.2 Fire hazards caused during failure of valves on pump discharge lines from Solvent Storage
tanks
10.3.3.3 Severe health hazards caused by spillage of Toxic materials during storage, dispensing &
transportation from warehouse to production blocks
10.3.2.4 There is probability of Fire & explosion hazard which may be cuased by leakage of LPG
from gas cylinders or due to malfunction of proposed LPG Lot system for Boiler.

10.3.4 EQUIPMENT RELATED HAZARDS

10.3.4.1 BOILER
Diesel fired 0.5 TPH capacity boiler is being used at site. Boiler, being a fired pressure vessel, there is
high potential for explosions and may result in loss of life and property. The common causes of
boiler explosions are faulty design, usage of substandard or incorrect equipment or operational upsets
and errors, improper maintenance and failure of safety devices. Boiler startups, shutdowns are the
situations having hazard potential. While, burns, fire hazards are the normal hazards connected with
any hot work or related operations.
The boiler-specific hazards are as follows:
a. Furnace back pressure
b. Fuel-air explosions
c. Tube failure leading to explosion
d. Accidental failure of rotating components
10.3.5 Other Hazards

10.3.5.1 Mechanical Hazards
Different types of mechanical equipment are in use in the plant. Pumps are in use for transfer of
liquid chemicals. Utility equipment like Diesel Generators, Air Compressors etc has mechanical
equipment. Most important hazard in such equipment is due to rotating components which may
cause traumatic injuries due to improper machine guarding or no guarding.Over pressurization of
pressure systems is another mechanical hazard associated with the operations.
10.3.5.2 Electrical Hazards

Electrical equipment in flammable atmosphere is an important hazard in manufacturing of
Agrochemicals. Hazard Area Classification for the selection & installation of right type, class &
group of electrical equipment play important role .Electrical equipment are also selected based on
the type of flammable gases /liquid being used in the area.
Further, due to operating conditions, wet conditions in floors and around equipment may prevail.
This may result in electrical shocks etc from exposed or un- insulated electrical conductor
terminals. Sparks from electrical equipment may result in fire accidents.

10.3.5.3 Maintenance Hazards

Maintenance operations are critical in process industry and more so in a batch operation industry.
Each time, between the batches or change- over of campaign or products, the maintenance works
are taken up and cleaning operations are carried out. Persons engaged in maintenance operations
may gain contact with hazardous chemicals which may be toxic or skin sensitizer or irritant etc.
10.3.5.4 Corrosive Hazards

Corrosion hazards are likely to be encountered in the storage areas and equipment areas. Corrosion
may slowly lead to structural failures. Here structural failures include pipe supports, pipes,
columns of the equipment and production blocks, columns of scrubbers, etc. Hence, stability
evaluation of structural supports/ civil foundations etc need to be done based on the nature of
corrosive atmosphere or changes / modifications in the civil structures.
There is probability of Fire & explosion hazard cuased by leakage of LPG from gas cylinders or due
to malfunction of the proposed LPG Lot system for Boiler.
11.0 CONTAINMENT FAILURE HAZRDS

Any structural failures often lead to containment failures. Containment failures are related to
Storage tanks, Containers, columns and equipment supports etc.
Aromatic Solvents are stored in tanks/ charge tanks/receiving tanks/ weighing vessels in the
factory. Spill hazards are associated with unloading of solvents, sampling and pumping operations.
Overflowing from the tanks/ charge tanks/receiving tanks or overfilling of the tanks/charge tanks/
receiving tanks is another reason for spills.
Main storages and intermediate storage tanks can fail due to vacuum during drawl operation. This
may lead to buckling of the storage tanks and spread of solvents all over.
The following could be few situations/scenarios, where acids/solvents/hypochlorite solutions can
get released.
a. Release of aromatic solvents/ chemicals during transfer from road tankers, spreading and
catching fire.
b. Release of solvents/ chemicals from storage tanks due to leakage of tanks or while drawing of
solvents

c. Failure of main storage tanks or mixing tanks or failure of level gauges, pipes etc leading to
containment failure of solvents and flammable materials
d. Gasket failures on pipe lines flanges/ pump glands leaks etc
e. Containment failure of Toxic Pesticides/Insecticides Technical caused by damaged drums or
bags etc
f. Containment failure from mixing tanks caused by failure of bottom discharge valves etc
g. Leakage of of LPG during feeding to proposed LPG Lot system & then to proposed LPG fired
Boiler which may result into a major fire.
12.0 EXISTENCE OF MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF HAZARD AT A TIME

There is very remote probability of occurrence of more than one type of emergency cited above,
simultaneously at a time in the plant. The probability of such simultaneous occurrence of
emergencies, in practical terms is, insignificant.
13.0 RISK ASSESSMENT

13.1 Risk
Risk is defined as the product of the frequency (probability, likelihood) of an eventoccurring and
its consequence (severity, impact, injury/fatality rate).
13.2 Risk Assessment definition
Risk Assessment involves identification and assessment of risks to the plant, personnel and
neighboring population. For this, failure probability, credible accident scenario is essential.
Thereby, the Risk assessment examines the probability of occurrence of credible worst case
scenarios and determines the potential adverse effects on plant, personnel &community through
consideration of various direct and indirect impacts resulting from the occurrence of a hazard. In
the absence of extensive historical data, probabilities and impacts are subjective assessments
drawn from interview information, rational observations and experience.
Human health and Environmental risk from industrial activities is mainly due to the occurrence or
potential occurrence of some accident consisting of an event or sequence of events resulting into fire,
explosion or toxic hazards.

Risk analysis (RA) provides a numerical to quantify the risk that a particular facility poses to the
public. It begins with the identification of probable potential hazardous events at an industry and
categorization as per the predetermined criteria.
13.3 Terms used in Risk Assessment

The common Terms used in Risk Assessment are elaborated below:
"Risk" is defined as a likelihood of an undesired event (accident, injury or death) occurring
within a specified period or under specified circumstances. This may be either a frequency or a
probability depending on the circumstances.
The term "Hazard" is defined as a physical situation, which may cause human injury, damage to
property or the environment or some combination of these criteria.
"Hazardous substance" means any substance or preparation, which by reason of its
chemical or physico-chemical properties or handling is liable to cause harm to human
beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, property or the environment.
"Hazardous process" is defined as any process or activity in relation to an industry which may
cause impairment to the health of the persons engaged or connected therewith or which may
result in pollution of their general environment.
"Disaster" is defined as a catastrophic situation that causes damage, economic disruptions,
loss of human life and deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected area or community. Disasters occasioned by man
are factory fire explosions and release of toxic gases or chemical substances etc.
"Accident" is an unplanned event, which has a probability of causing personal injury or property
damage or both.
"Emergency" is defined as a situation where the resources out pass the demand. This highlights the
typical nature of emergency; it will be after experience that enough is not enough in emergency
situations. Situations of these kinds are avoidable but it is not possible to avoid them always.
In the sections below, the identification of various hazards, probable risks in a process industry
manufacturing optical brighteners, maximum credible accident analysis, consequence analysis
are addressed which gives a broad identification of risks involved in the plant.

13.4 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX (F & EI)

13.4.1 Importancve of Fire & Explosion Index
Fire & Explosion Indexing is a rapid ranking method for identifying the degree of hazard. The FEI
calculation is a tool to help determine the areas of greater loss potential in a particular process. In
preliminary hazard analysis, chemicals have Toxic & Fire hazards.
The application of FEI would help to make a quick assessment of the nature and quantification of the
hazard in these areas
A numerical FEI is calculated based on the nature of the process and the properties of the process
materials.
The larger the value of the FEI, the more hazardous the process as indicated in the table below:
Dow Chemical Company issued a guideline for hazard determination and protection. By this method
a chemical process unit is rated numerically for hazards. The numerical value used is the Fire
and Explosion Index (F&EI) which is most widely used for hazard evaluation in chemical process
industries.
The guide applies to process unit only and not to auxiliary units such as power generating
stations, plant water systems, control rooms, fired heaters, structural requirements, corrosive nature
of material handled and personal safety equipment. These are regarded as basic features that do not
vary according to the magnitude of the fire and explosion hazard involved. The guide also does not
cover the processing and handling of explosives such as dynamite, TNT etc.
13.4.2 Computation of F&EI

The computation of fire and explosion index of each unit is based on the material factor. This is a
measure of the intrinsic rate of potential energy release from fire or explosion of most hazardous
material or mixture of materials present in significant quantity, whether it is raw material,
intermediate, product, solvent etc, by combustion or chemical reaction.”In significant quantity” here
means such quantity that the hazard represented by the material actually exists. The National
Fire Protection Agency of USA (NFPA) have specified standard values for material factor
which should be used for F&EI calculations and are available in DOW’s Hazard
Classification Guide. In case it is not readily available, it can be calculated using the heat of
combustion, flammability indices etc.

General process hazard are factors that play a primary role in determining the magnitude of
loss of incident. It takes into account the nature of the reaction, ventilation of the unit, accessibility
of the unit, drainage facilities etc., special process hazards are factors that contribute primarily to the
probability of a loss incident. They consist of specific process conditions that have shown themselves
to be major causes of fire and explosion incidents. It takes into account toxicity of the material,
operating pressure, operation near flammable range, quantity of material, joints and packing, use of
hot oil exchange system etc.,
The F&EI is calculated as a product of Material Factor, General Process Hazard factor, and special
process hazard factor.
Fire & Explosion Indexing is a rapid ranking method for identifying the degree of hazard. The FEI
calculation is a tool to help determine the areas of greater loss potential in a particular process. In
preliminary hazard analysis, chemicals have Toxic & Fire hazards.
The application of FEI would help to make a quick assessment of the nature and quantification of
the hazard in these areas.
13.4.3 Hazard Ranking and Categorisation of Fire & Explosion Index

The hazard ranking based on F&EI value is as follows
The larger the value of the FEI, the more hazardous the process as indicated in the table below:
DEGREE OF HAZARD FOR FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
F &E Index Range Degree of Hazard
0-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
Based on FEI value, the plant elements are categorized, category I plant element is the least
hazardous and caetory III is the highest hazardous in terms & Fire & Explosion.

CATEGORISATION OF PLANT ELEMENTS FOR FIRE EXPLOSION INDEX

Category Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI)
I F&EI < 65
II 65 < or = F&EI < 95
III F&EI > or = 95
#Adapted from the Dow FEI Guide (1994)
13.4.4 FEI Caculation

A numerical FEI is calculated based on the nature of the process and the properties of the process
materials.
Respective Material Factor (MF), General Hazard Factors (GHF), Special Process Hazard Factors
(SPH) is computed using standard procedure of awarding penalties based on storage, handling and
reaction parameters.
Before hazard indexing can be applied, the installation in question should be subdivided into
logical, independent elements or units. In general, a unit can logically be characterized by the
nature of the process that takes place in it. In some cases, the unit may consist of a plant element
separated from the other elements by space or by protective walls. A plant element may also be an
apparatus, instrument, section or system that can cause a specific hazard. For each separate plant
element which contains flammable or toxic substances, a fire and explosion index may be
determined in a manner derived from the method for determining a fire and explosion index
developed by the Dow Chemical Company.
MF = Material Factor, A measure for the potential energy of the dangerous substances present
(according to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).The MF is a measure of the intrinsic
rate of energy release from the burning, explosion or other chemical reaction of the material.
GPH= General Process Hazard = A measure for the hazards Factors inherent in the process from
the nature and characteristics of theProcess. It plays a primary role in determining the magnitude
of the lossfollowing an incident.
SPH= Special Process Hazard= A measure for the hazards Factors originating from the specific
installation (process conditions, nature and size of the Installation).The SPH are factors thatare
known from experience to contribute to the probabilityof an incident involving loss.

The fire and explosion index evaluation can be very useful in developing plant layouts or adding
equipment and buildings to existing plants. Evaluation of the F&EI calculations and layout
considerations will result a safe, operable, maintainable and cost-effective arrangement of equipment
and buildings.
13.4.5 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX CALCULATION FOR CIX SOLVENT &
CYCLOHEXANONE IN TANKS
General Process Hazards Penalty used

Material Factor (MF) 16
Base factor (1.0) 1.00
Exothermic chemical reactions (factor 0.30 to 1.25) 0.00
Endothermic processes (factor 0.20 to 0.40) 0.00
Material handling & transfer (factor 0.25 to 1.05) 0.70
Enclosed or indoor process units (factor 0.25 to 90) 0.00
Access (0.20 to 0.35) 0.10
Drainage and spill control ( 0.25 to 0.50) 0.10
General Process Hazards factor (F1) 1.90
Special Process Hazards
Toxic material(s) (factor 0.20 to 0.80) 0.20
Sub-atmospheric pressure (Less than 500 mm Hg) (0.50) 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range 0.00
1. Tank farms storage flammable liquids (0.50) 0.30
2. Process upset or purge failure (0.30) 0.00
3. Always in flammable range (0.80) 0.40
Dust explosion (factor 0.25 to 2.00) 0.00
Pressure 0.00
Low temperature (factor 0.20 to 0.30) 0.00
Quantity of flammable/unstable material 0.00
Quantity :
1. Liquids, gases and reactive materials in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.40
3. Combustible solids in storage. 0.00
Dust in process (0.00 to 2.00) 0.00
Corrosion and erosion ( 0.10 to 0.75) 0.30
Leakage - joints and packing (0.10 to 1.50) 0.30
Use of fired heaters 0.00

Hot oil heat exchange system ( 0.15 to 1.15) 0.00

Rotating equipment ( 0.50) 0.20
Special Process Hazards factor (F2) 3.10
Unit hazard factor (F1 x F2 = F3) 5.89
Fire and explosion index (F3 x MF = FEI) 94.24
Degree of Fire Hazard Moderate
13.4.6 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX CALCULATION FOR PROPOSED LPG LOT SYSTEM
(IF ALL SAFETY MEASURES AS PROPOSED ARE IMPLEMENTED)
General Process Hazards Penalty used
Material Factor (MF) 21
Exothermic chemical reactions (factor 0.30 to 1.25) 0.00
Endothermic processes (factor 0.20 to 0.40) 0.00
Material handling & transfer (factor 0.25 to 1.05) 0.60
Enclosed or indoor process units (factor 0.25 to 90) 0.00
Access (0.20 to 0.35) 0.15
Drainage and spill control ( 0.25 to 0.50) 0.10
General Process Hazards factor (F1) 1.85
Special Process Hazards
Toxic material(s) (factor 0.20 to 0.80) 0.00
Sub-atmospheric pressure (Less than 500 mm Hg) (0.50) 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range 0.00
1. Tank farms storage flammable liquids (0.50) 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure (0.30) 0.00
3. Always in flammable range (0.80) 0.20
Dust explosion (factor 0.25 to 2.00) 0.00
Pressure 0.00
Low temperature (factor 0.20 to 0.30) 0.00
Quantity of flammable/unstable material 0.00
Quantity :
1. Liquids, gases and reactive materials in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.40
3. Combustible solids in storage. 0.00
Dust in process (0.00 to 2.00) 0.00
Corrosion and erosion ( 0.10 to 0.75) 0.30
Leakage - joints and packing (0.10 to 1.50) 0.30

Use of fired heaters 0.00

Hot oil heat exchange system ( 0.15 to 1.15) 0.00
Rotating equipment ( 0.50) 0.20
Special Process Hazards factor (F2) 2.40
Unit hazard factor (F1 x F2 = F3) 4.44
Fire and explosion index (F3 x MF = FEI) 93.24
Degree of Fire Hazard Moderate
13.4.7 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE ACCIDENT & CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

MCA stands for Maximum Credible Accident, an accident with maximum damage distance, which is
believed to be probable. MCA analysis for a proposed project does not include quantification of the
probability of occurrence of an accident. In practice the selection of accident scenarios for MCA
analysis corresponding to a proposed project is carried out on the basis of past accident analysis at
similar projects, engineering judgment and expertise in the field of risk analysis especially in accident
analysis.
The MCA analysis involves ordering and ranking of various sections / units at proposed project in
terms of potential vulnerability as given below:
a. Study the process details of proposed project including storage and handling of hazardous materials
along with the envisaged inventories
b. Identification of potential hazardous sections and representative failure cases
c. Visualization of release scenarios with recourse to consequence analysis
d. Damage distance computations for the credible accident cases.
Recommendation:
R1: The Industry shoud carry out a study for Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) by using software
for MCA Analysis for CIX Solvent & Cyclohexanone storage tanks
Recommendation:
R2: The Industry shoud carry out a study for Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for LPG Gas
cylinders & LPG LOT system by using software for MCA Analysis

13.4.8 FAILURE MODES ANALYIS

Failure Modes are situations resulting in containment failure or chemicals following an unintended
route and ultimately may result into a toxic release or fire or explosion.
Quantitative Risk assessment (QRA) is required be done by the Management for estimation of
failure mode analysis for CIX Solvent & Cyclohexanone storage tanks having the maximum
impact.
Quantitative Risk assessment (QRA) is required be done by the Management for estimation of
failure mode analysis for the proposed LPG LOT System having the maximum impact.
Fire hazard due to containment failure and subsequent ignition could be present at site.
Different modes for probable containment failure for various operations & activities are identified as
below:
i. Failure of hose pipe during unloading CIX Solvent from road tanker to Storage Tanks
ii. Failure of Pump- gland leakages
iii. Failure of ARV for granlators or blenders or mixers etc
iv. Contents of granulators etc are discharged inadvertently or containment failure due to valve
defects.
v. Failure of Containers of toxic pesticides/insecticides Technical product
vi. Containers of corrosive chemical failure for example carboys of Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric
Acid or Sodium Hypochlorite etc
In addition to the above failure mode analysis, the failure probability for the proposed LPG LOT System for
the boiler is estimated as below:
i. Failure of the proposed LPG LOT Discharge valves from the LPG cylinders in Manifold
ii. Failure of Solenoid valve on proposed LPG vaporizer
iii. Failure of Pressure Reducing System for proposed LPG vaporiser
13.4.9 PROBABILITY OF FAILURE

Failure rates for various critical equipment are very important in risk assessment. Very limited
data in this regard is available in our country. However, Safety and Reliability Directorate of UK
and IEEE of USA have certain data in this regard.

A rationale approach of converting these to one year depending upon the operations, no. of shifts,
etc has been done. It cannot be claimed as accurate procedure. However, in the absence of any
other reliable data as well as procedure, this method can be considered as useful.
Supply pipe 0.25 x 10^-3/Hour
Spillage of road tanker/loading 5 x 10^-3/Hour
Motors for blowers 10.5 x 10^-6/Hour
Rotating Equipment 24.7 x 10^-6/Hour
Pressure Vessel Failure In 100 x 300 vessel
Catastrophic Failures 0.7 x 10^-4 Failures/Year
Valves 12.3 x 10^-6/Hour
Human errors 1800 to 5000 errors in One Million operations.
While computing pipe failures, 6 hours per day of pipe working is assumed as the pipes are called
into operation while transferring the solvents to reactors. In estimating spillage of tankers, on an
average 4 tanks per week at two hours each time are assumed in estimating number of hours the
tanker is located in the plant.
Solvent storage containment failure : Per year
Vessel failure-no ignition 0.4
Immediate-ignition 0.1
Hose pipe failure-operator failure to immediately arrestors
No ignition 0.3
Immediate ignition 0.075
Reactor drain valve or pipe connection failure-operator failed
To control- no ignition 0.0015
Condenser failure-operator failure to control or shut off
No ignition 0.3

14.0 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
14.1 FIRE CONSEQUENCES

14.1.1 POOL FIRE
 When a non-boiling liquid spills, it spreads into a pool. The size of the pool depends on the
availability of the bund and obstacles. If there are no obstacles or bund, it can spread into a
thin film on flat land/floor. Radiation levels at various distances are calculated taking into
account atmospheric transmission coefficient, geometric view factor and the radiation
intensity in terms of surface heat flux of the flame. Depending upon the conditions, there are
several ways in which these can occur, ultimately causing damage due to heat radiation.
 Some of the chemicals (CIX Solvent, N-Butanol, Monochloro Benzene, Cyclohexanone etc.)
in use are flammable. Leaks/ Emissions may result for various reasons during transfer, process
operations and storage.
 If an immediate ignition takes place, there could be a fire of pool of material and these results
in radiations of different intensities at different distances from the edge of the pool.
 QRA is to be done by the Management for identification of impact of pool fire caused by CIX
Solvent & Cyclohexanone in storage tanks. An estimation of heat radiations at different
distances from source are to be made
 QRA is to be done by the Management for identification of impact of pool fire caused by
proposed LPG LOT System & LPG vapriser. An estimation of heat radiations at different
distances from source are to be made
 Also there could be secondary fires in the surrounding area, if other solvent/flammable
chemical inventory becomes vulnerable to intense heat radiation.
14.1.2 EFFECTS OF POOL FIRE

Pool fire may result when drums of solvent will leak/burst, and the material released is ignited. If
the tanks are provided with dike walls to contain the leak and avoid spreading of flammable
material, the pool fire will be confined to the dike area only. However, the effects of radiation may
be felt to larger area depending upon the size of the pool and quantity of material involved.
Assuming 100% of carrying pipes, release rates are computed. .

14.2 FIRE ACCIDENTS ANALYSIS

A statistics of fire incidents by “Usual Ignition Sources” that have resulted in major fires in
industrial operations are given below:
Factors contributing to Fire % Factors contributing to Fire %
Unusual Ignition Sources:
Electrical wiring 23% Overheated materials 8%
Smoking 18% Hot surfaces-boilers-lamps 7%
Friction-bearings/broken parts 10% Burner flame-torch 7%
Combustion sparks 5% Spontaneous ignition 4%

Cutting, Welding 4% Exposure fires 3%
Incendiaries 2% Mechanical Sparks 2%
Molten substances 1% Chemical Action 1%
Static Charge 1% Lightening 1%
Miscellaneous 1%
Sources Of Accidents
Storage areas 33% Pipe Line 21%
Rupture & Leaks Reactor 4% Electrical related 6%
Dryers 2% Others 13%
Ignition Sources:
Hot surfaces 8% Flame/Electrical 15%
Spontaneous ignition & friction 8% Static Electricity 1%
Others 35%
Materials involved at first:
Gas/vapour 26% Liquid 20%
Solids 23% Hydrocarbons 23%
Other Organic Materials 23% Hydrogen 7%
Component failures responsible for accidents:
Compressors 30% Heat Exchangers 17%
Heaters 18% Process vessels 18%
Centrifuges 7% Others 10%

15.0 TOXICITY ANALYSIS

15.1 WHAT IS TOXICITY?
In general terms, toxicity is the measure of the ability of a pesticide to cause injury. There are two
types of toxicity: acute and chronic. Acute toxicity of a pesticide is determined by subjecting
laboratory animals to different dosages or concentrations of the active ingredient. Tests are also
conducted to assess the impact through the skin, through inhalation, and orally. Test results are then
used to classify pesticides into one of four toxicity categories (see Table 1.)
15.2 ACUTE TOXICITY
Acute toxicity usually results from a single exposure to a high dose or concentration of a toxicant,
which can be either oral, dermal, or through inhalation. The acute toxicity is the basis for pesticide
classifications on product labels. It is defined as the amount of a pesticide’s active ingredient that
kills 50 percent of the test population in a short period of time, referred to as LD50 (lethal dose 50)
or LC50 (lethal concentration 50). Toxicity increases as the LD50 or LC50 decreases; thus,
Category I pesticides are more toxic than Category IV pesticides.
Table 1-Pesticide Toxicity Categories
Category Category II Category III Category IV
Up to and
From 50 through From 500 through Greater than 5000
Oral LD50 including 50
500 mg/kg 5000 mg/kg mg/kg
mg/kg
Up to and
From 0.2 through 2 From 2.0 through Greater than 20
Inhalation LC50 including 0.2
mg/liter 20 mg/liter mg/liter
mg/liter
Up to and From 2,000
From 200 through Greater than
Dermal LD50 including 200 through 20,000
2000 mg/kg 20,000 mg/kg
mg/kg mg/kg
Corneal opacity
Corrosive; corneal No corneal
reversible within 7
opacity not opacity; irritation
Eye effects days; irritation No irritation
reversible within 7 reversible within 7
persisting for 7
days days
days

Mild or slight
Severe irritation at Moderate irritation
Skin effects Corrosive irrigation at 72
72 hours at 72 hours
hours
Toxicity categories inform users of the potential hazards associated with the use of a particular
pesticide. Specific signal word(s) must appear on product labels depending on pesticide toxicity
category. For example, pesticides in Toxicity Category I must carry on their label the word
“Danger.” Some Category I pesticides must also display the word “Poison,” and the skull and
crossbones symbol. Child warning hazard statements must appear on practically all pesticide
labels.
15.3 Labelling
In addition, if the product is assigned a Toxicity Category I on the basis of its oral, inhalation, or
dermal toxicity, the word “Poison” shall appear in red on a contrasting background color, and the
skull and crossbones shall appear in immediate proximity to the word “Poison.”
 Toxicity Category I – All pesticide products shall bear on the front panel the signal word
“Danger.” In addition, if the product is assigned a Toxicity Category I on the basis of its oral,
inhalation, or dermal toxicity, the word “Poison” shall appear in red on a contrasting
background color, and the skull and crossbones shall appear in immediate proximity to the
word “Poison.”
 Toxicity Category II – All pesticide products shall bear on the front panel the signal word
“Warning.”
 Toxicity Category III – All pesticide products shall bear on the front panel the signal word
“Caution.”
 Toxicity Category IV – All pesticide products shall bear on the front panel the signal word
“Caution.”
 Child Warning Hazard – Every pesticide product label shall bear on the front panel the
statement “Keep out of Reach of Children.” Limited exemptions exist only in cases where the
likelihood of contact with children during distribution, marketing, storage, or use is

demonstrated by the applicant to be extremely remote, or if the nature of the pesticide is such
that it is approved for use on infants or small children.
The EPA also provides guidance on how much of a pesticide constitutes a lethal dose depending on
the degree of toxicity. For example, Table 2 shows that the oral lethal dose for a 150-pound person of
a highly toxic pesticide (labeled “Danger”) is only a few drops to a teaspoon. A person’s size will
help determine the amount that is poisonous. The smaller the individual, the smaller the amount of a
substance required to be lethal; the larger the individual, the larger the amount required. It takes much
less of a toxicant to poison a small child than it does to poison an adult.
Table 2: Pesticide Label Words and Relative Toxicities Signal Word

Oral Lethal Dose (for
Toxicity
150-lb person)
Danger Highly toxic Few drops to 1 teaspoon*
1 teaspoon to 1
Warning Moderately toxic
tablespoon
1 ounce to more than a
Caution Low toxicity
pint
* Less for a child or person weighing under 150 pounds.
15.4 CHRONIC TOXICITY

Chronic toxicity results from long-term, low-level exposure to a toxicant. This type of toxicity does
not result in poisoning in the traditional sense. Chronic toxicity is evident in the long-term effects on
the body. The three major causes of chronic toxicity are mutagenic toxicants, oncogenic toxicants,
and teratogenic toxicants. Mutagens cause changes in the genetic material DNA. Oncogens cause the
formation of tumors; a carcinogen causes the formation of malignant tumors (cancer). Teratogens
cause birth defects. Chronic toxicity can also affect the reproductive system, nervous system, liver,
and kidneys.
Cholinesterase Inhibition:
One of the most widely occurring types of chronic toxicity is cholinesterase inhibition.
Cholinesterase is an enzyme produced by the body that controls nerve impulse transmission. If
cholinesterase were not present, impulses from one nerve to the next would flow continuously.
Many pesticides function to work against, or inhibit, cholinesterase in insect pests. However, these
chemicals can also be poisonous, or toxic, to humans in some situations. Prolonged exposure to
cholinesterase-inhibiting chemicals, such as organophosphates and carbamates, can result from
inhalation, ingestion, or eye or skin contact during the manufacturing, mixing, or applications of
these pesticides. Unchecked nervous (or electrical) impulses can fire away continuously, causing
uncontrolled, rapid twitching of some muscles, paralyzed breathing, convulsions, and, in extreme
cases, death.
Organophosphate products can affect cholinesterase activity in both red blood cells and in blood
plasma, and can act directly, or in combination with other enzymes, on cholinesterase in the body.
Some of the most commonly used organophosphate products include Acephate, Diazinon, and
Carbophenothion.
Carbamates vary widely in toxicity and work by inhibiting plasma cholinesterase. Some examples
of Carbamates are Aldicarb, Carbaryl, and Carbofuran.

16.0 QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS WITH DOMINO EFFECT & RISK MINIMISATION CONTROLS FOR
EXISTING & PROPOSED LPG LOTSYSTEM
QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS WITH DOMINO EFFECT & RISK MINIMISATION CONTROLS
Sr. Credible QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS & DOMINO EFFECT

No. Scenario
P= Probability, S= Severity, Risk = S*P
EVENT Effect Cause P S Risk Category of Risk Minimization Safety measures
Impact provided/proposed by the Management
1. Spillage of Flash or 1.Failure of Likely Minor Moderate Moderate 1.Solvent Tanker unloading permit with
flammable poor fire gaskets for SS (3) (2) Risk (6) Impact safety check list is implemented by the site
solvent (CIX due to hose pipe to which will ensure good condition of gasket,
& spilling flange on tanker jumpers to flanges, earthing to road tanker
Cyclohexano flammable side & pump 2. Nut bolts to flanges on nozzle for tanker
ne) during liquid on side side & pump side are tightened properly
transfer or floor having 2.Nut bolts to by the plant maintenance team and Teflon
pumping by containment flanges on envelop gaskets are being used for flange
using SS dyke and nozzle for joints
flexible hose finding tanker side & 3.A common dyke for all CIX solvent
from road source of pump side not storage tanks & Cyclohexanone storage
tanker to ignition tightened tank is provided.
above- either from 3.No secondary 4.Single mechanical seal is provided to
ground (AG) pump due to containment for pump for CIX solvent storage tanks &
storage tank mechanical storage tanks & Cyclohexanone storage tank
and from failure or pumps 5.Calibrated Diigital level indicator is
storage tank friction or 4.Leakages provided to all CIX solvent storage tanks &
to mixing electrical from pump Cyclohexanone storage tank

tanks in spark or due glands 6. Measurement of quantity of solvent in

production to static 6.Over flow of storage tank is being done from Diigital
blocks charges solvent caused level indicator. Based on the space available
by Over filling in storage tank, that much qty. of solvent is
of storage tank unloaded from road tanker to storage tank.
& mixing tanks This work is being carried out under
in production supervision of warehouse personnel. This
blocks procedure is being flowed to avoid over
7.Jumpers on flow of storage tank during tanker
flanges not unloading.
provided 7. Double static earthing is provided to to
8.No earthing to road tanker & AG tank during unloading of
road tanker & solvent from road tanker to the AG tank
storage tanks 8. SS Flexible conductive hose is being used
9.No for unloading of solvent from road tanker
maintenance of 9. Earth Interlock system for road tanker
pumps during unloading is in place.
10. Preventive maintenance of transfer
pump as per schedule is being done by the
maintenance team.
11. Flame proof electrical fittings and
equipment are installed in Solvent tanks
farm area.
12. The vent lines of tanks are provided with
breather valve cum flame arrester
13.Six Numbers Foam Monitors with Foam
compound qty of 1000.0 Liter is provided which
covers all sides of solvent tank farm area
14. Portable Fire Extinguishers are provided

(Foam: 50.0 Liters- 02 Nos., Foam: 09.0 Liters-

03 Nos., DCP: 10Kg-3 Nos.9.)
15 Fixed fire suppression system such as
Water Sprinkler is provided for solvent
storage tanks
16. Manually operated Foam Inductor is also
provided .Foam tank of 1.0 KL capacity is
provided for Foam Inductor system.
17.Fire Hydrant system with Jockey pump
&diesel engine pump is provided
18.Fire/Sand buckets provided for spill
control
19.OSEP is in place for controlling any fire
in solvent storage tank farm area
Recommendation:
R3: Explore to provide “Stop Push
Button” near mixing tanks in Liquid
formulation blocks to stop pump in
solvent storage tanks during receiving
solvent by pumping from storage tanks to
mixing tanks so as to avoid over filling of
mixing tanks
2. Catastrophic Pool Fire/ Failure of Rare Catastr Moderate High 1.Hydropresssure testing of solvent storage
failure of Tank on fire Solvent tank or (1) ophic Risk (5) impact if tanks has been done by the Company
Solvent tank if source of Road tanker due (5) fire is not 2.Hydropressure testing of Road tanker is
or Road ignition is to faulty design controlled being done by the supplier/vendors as per
Tanker present using the statutory requirements
nearby internal fire 3.Tank & Road tanker design approved by
suppression PESO

or Control 4.Fire Hydrant system for the solvent tanks

system yard is in place
being 5.Foam monitors (06 Numbers)are provided
provided at 6 Fixed fire suppression system such as
site Water Sprinkler is provided for solvent
storage tanks
7. Manually operated Foam Inductor is also
provided .Foam tank of 1.0 KL capacity is
provided for Foam Inductor system.
8.Fire Hydrant system with Jockey pump
&diesel engine pump is provided
9. Cooling of nearby tanks shall be done by
hydrant system during fire on tank as per
OSEP
10.Onsite Emergency Plan (OSEP) in place
11.Trained Fire Fighters are available at site
for fighting a fire emergency
3. Containment Severe 1.Recycled or Possi Moder High (12) Impact may 1.Condition of containers is checked by
(drums) Health reused drums ble ate (4) be high due Warehouse supervisor during receipt or
failure of hazard due being used by (3) to exposure during storage or during dispatch to
Toxic to exposure the suppliers for of toxic production blocks as per the SOP of
chemicals to Toxic supplying matrial or warehouse
(all material or technical chemicals to 2.Spill control kit having full body air suit is
Technical vapour in materails operating provided in warehouse & production blocks
materials or working 2.Condition of personnel 3.Emergency action for controlling spills or
emission of area caused drums not being leakage of toxic materials & hazardous
Toxic by spillage checked during chemicals is in place
materails or from receipt or 4.Scrubber provided to equipment,
toxic dust containers during storage wherever necessary

emission or during 5.Dust collector is provided to 60 ACM , 30

during dispatch to SCM & 10 ACM machines in Production blocks
manufacturin production 6.Good ventilation is provided in the work
g blocks room through Turbo ventilators & by
keeping the windows & shutters open
during processing
QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS WITH DOMINO EFFECT & RISK MINIMISATION CONTROLS FOR PROPSED LPG
LOT SYSTEM FOR THE EXISTING DIESEL FIRED BOILER
4. Leakage of Flash fire due 1.Failure of Likely Major High Risk Major Impact PROPOSED SAFETY MEASURES:
LPG from gas to LPG gaskets or “O” (3) (4) (12) of fire since
cylinders or vapour ring to LPG Boiler is 1.Good quality gaskets or “O” ring shall be
from caused by flexible hose nearby and used to LPG flexible hose connection or
connecting leakage and connection or production connecting adaptors to LPG Manifold
adaptors a source of connecting block-30 2.Leak test of the entire Liquid Off Take (LOT)
ignition adaptors to LPG CAM & 10 System, vaporizer and LPG lines shall be done
either from Manifold ACM before start up of LOT sysyem
nearby pump 2.Nut bolts for extention 3.Double static earthing shall be provided to
due to flanges on LPG building is LPG mani fold, Vaporiser and bonding is
mechanical lines are not also nearby provided to all flanges on LPG lines
failure/ tightened 4.LPG leak sensor shall be provided near LOT
friction or properly system & LPG Cylinders manifold area
due to static 3.Jumpers are not 5. Preventive maintenance of LOT system
charges or provided to incliding all ball valves & other safety devices
spark from flanges on LPG siusch as Thermal Relief Valve (TRV), Pressure
electrical lines reducing system (Primary & Secondary),
fittings & 3.No static Solenoid valve etc shall be carried out by the
equipment earthing to LPG maintenance team as per schedule.
manifold & 6. Flame proof electrical fittings and equipment
vaporiser shall be installed in LPG LOT system area
4.Ball valves on 7.Water sprinkler system shall be provided for
LPG lines are LPG LOT system area
leaking 8.Fire Ball-5 Nos., each of 1.0 kg shall be
provided for LPG Manifold area
9. Fire Hydrant points shall be provided which

covers the LPG LOT system, vaporizer &

Boiler area
10.Good housekeeping shall be maintained in
the LPG Manifold area area
2. Maloperation 1.Probability 1.Pressure in the Likely Major High Risk Major Impact PROPOSED SAFETY MEASURES:
of Liquid Off of Fire & Maniifold header (3) (4) (12) of fire &
Take (LOT) explosion is more than the explosion 1.Not more than 05 LPG Gas cylinders shall
system & caused by desired which since Boiler be connected to LPG manifold through
vaporiser over may be caused by is nearby and connecting adaptors.
pressurizatio opening valves production 2.The Pressure in the individual Manifold
n of LPG on LPG gas block-30
shall be checked
LOT system cylinders – CAM & 10
& vaporizer valves of all 15 ACM 3. Ball valve on main header line shall be kept
Gas cylinders extention open as per the SOP
connected to the building is 4.Calibrated pressure gauge shall be peovided
manifold opened also nearby on individual LPG manofol line
at a time 5.The water level in the vaporizer shall be
2.Ball valve on maintained through out the LPG
main header line vaporization as per the SOP
is closed 6.The vaporiser solenoid valve opening
3. Pressure gauge temperature shall be set at 60°C to avoid rise
on main header in temperature more than the desired
line for LPG is temperature
not working 7. The desired pressure shall be set in
4.More than Pressure regulating system after vaporizer
desired
temperature (60
8. Solenoid valve shall be provided to LPG
Deg C) in vaporizer & the opening of the solenoid
vaporizer
5.Vaporiser valve is set at 60° C temperature
heater 9.LPG Pressusre reducing valve shall be
malfunctioned
6.Pressure provided .The First stage regulator (Primary
regulating
PRV) is set at 1.5 kg/cm2 and the 2nd Stage
system after

vaporizer regulator (Secondary) PRV) set at 0.9

malfunctioned
Kg/cm2.
7.Pressure
gauge on LPG 10. Thermal Relief Valve (TRV) shall be
gas line not
provided
working
11. RTD shall be provided for temperature
monitoring in LPG evaporator or vaporiser
12.SRV shall be also provided to each LPG
manifold
13. Interlocks with evaporator temp & LPG
feed to Evaporator shall be provided.
14.Calibrated pressure shall be provided on
LPG gas line
15.Water sprinkler system shall be provided for
LPG LOT system area
16.Fire Ball-5 Nos., each of 1.0 kg shall be
provided for LPG Manifold area
17. Fire Hydrant points shall be provided which
covers the LPG LOT system, vaporizer &
Boiler area

17.0 EXISTING SAFETY MEASURES &PROPOSED SAFETY MEASURES FOR MITIGATION

OF IDENTIFIED RISK /HAZARDS BY THE MANAGEMENT
The following safety measures have emerged during Process Hazard Evaluation related discussion with Site
EHS-In-Charge of M/s NACL-Unit-II:
17.1 Fire Safety Measures
17.1.1 Earth pits have been provided at various places in factory premises.
17.1.2 Double static earthing is provided to Solvent Storage tanks & mixing units in liquid formaulation
block
171.3 Double static earthing is provided to all equipoment being used in 60 ACM , 30 SCM & 10
ACM machines in Production blocks
17.1.3 The monitoring of earth resistance is carried out for each Earth pit.
17.1.4 The monitoring of earthing/bonding systems at a regular interval is proposed.
17.1.5 All electrical fittings, On/Off push button, Motors etc in Production BlockS & Solvent
storage tanks yard area are flame proof conforming to Exd IIB only. Flame proof weighing balance
is also provided.
17.1.6 Water sprinkler system is provided for solvent storage tanks
17.1.7 Fire Hydrant system has been provided for the site as per the details mentioned in Table-I
Table-I:SUMMARY OF FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

Sr. Equipment Description Locations Qty./Nos.
No.
1. Hose Reel Systems, 30-meter length
2. Yard Hydrant Points-Single Hydrant ENTIRE PLANT 29 NOS.
3. Foam Monitors FM-01/ STY-NORTH SIDE 06
FM-02/STY- NORTH SIDE
FM-03/ STY- WEST SIDE
FM-04/ STY- SOUTH SIDE
FM-05 /STY- SOUTH SIDE
FM-06 /STY- EAST SIDE
4.1 FOAM Monitors FM-07 LIQUID BLOCK 02
FM-08 LIQUID BLOCK
5. 4 Way Fire Brigade Inlet NEAR FIRE HYDRANT ROAD 01
6. Fire Hose Boxes-Double Doors AT EVERY HYDRANT POINT 29
7. Hose Pipes- 15 Meter length 2 PER EACH HOSE BOX 58
8. Branch Nozzles 1 PER EACH HOSE 29
BOX(JET,SPRAY AND FOAM)
9. Hose reels-40 meters FG AND RM WAREHOUSE 4
10. Hose reels-30 meters AT PM1,PM2-2, LIQUIDS-2, 8

POWDERS, GRANULES
11. Underground Static Water Storage AT FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM 500 KL
Tank
12. Fire Pumps
12.1 Electrical Driven Pump-Main Pump Fire hydrant pump house 01
Flow: 10.6 m3/hour
HP:10
12.2 Diesel Engine Driven Pump Fire hydrant pump house 01
Flow: 137 m3/hour
HP:60
12.3 Electrical Driven -Jockey Pump Fire hydrant pump house 01
Flow: 61 m3/hour
HP:60
17.1.8 Portable Fire Extinguishers of varying capacities & types have been provided for extinguishing a small
onsdet of fire at site as mentioned in Table-II:
Table-II: SUMMARY OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Fire Type Fire Extinguisher Capacity Total Grand total
A type fires Water co2 9ltrs 10 Nos. 10 Nos.
9ltrs 18 Nos.
A,B type fires Mechanical foam
50ltr 14 Nos. 34 Nos.
B,C type fires 25KG 04 Nos.
10KG 14 Nos. 47 Nos.
DCP 9KG 11 Nos.
6KG 07 Nos.
5KG 11 Nos.
9KG 14 Nos.
6.8KG 04 Nos.
B,C type fires CO2 4.5KG 38 Nos. 82 Nos.
3.2KG 10 Nos.
2KG 16 Nos.
All type of Fires ABC 2KG,1 KG 20 Nos. 20 Nos.
All type of Fires ABC 10 KG 8 Nos. 8 Nos.
TOTAL Fire Extinguishers 201 Nos.

17.1.9 Fixed fire suppression system has been provided as per Table-III
Table-III:SUMMARY OF FIXED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
Sr. Equipment Description Locations Existing
No. Qty./Nos.
1. Water cum Foam Monitor SOLVENT TANK YARD 08 Nos.
2. Foam compound AFFF 3 % 2 KL
3. Auto Modular ABC Type Fire NIL
Extinguishers
4. Water Sprinkler System SOLVENT TANK YARD 72 Nos.
5 Foam Inductors & Mobile Foam LIQUID BLOCK 02 Nos.
Unit of 100 Liters caapcity
171.10 Hot work permit is in place.

17.1.11 No Smoking Siganges borads have been displayed at site
17.1.12 Trained Fire-Fighting team is available at site
17.1.13 Safety Instructions are displayed for solvent tanker unloading & fire safety
17.2 Emeregncy Preparedness Systems

The Management has established a suitable Emergency Planning as below:
17.2.1 Onsite Emeregncy Plan is in place and regular mock drill is being conducted at site.
17.2.2 Wind socks (Table-IV) have been provided for monitoring the wind direction during fire
emergency & toxic emission
Table-IV:WIND SACK
S. No. Location Number
1. QC-TOP FLOOR 01
2. LIQUID BLOCK TOP 01
3. SOLVENT TANK FARM 01
17.2.3 One number Assembly point is provided near office & guest house building
17.2.4 One number ECC is provided for over all controlling of an emergency
17.2.5 Fire Alarm system is provided for the entire site for communication an emergency as per the
details furnished in Table-V.

Table-V :FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

S.No NAME OF ITEM Number
Manual Call Point
1. 41
Locations: covering all section of production blocks,
Electrical siren
2. 01
Location: PRODUCTION AREA
Hand operated siren
3. 01
Location-ECC
6. Fire Alarm panels 16
7. Repeater Fire alarm panel 03
8. Smoke detectors 325
9. Heat detectors 136
10. BEAM detectors 04
11. Battery operated Megaphone 3
Intercoms
12. 625, 627
Locations: ECC
17.3 Medical Emeregncy handling facilities

17.3.1 OHC is provided
17.3.2 Washing and bathing facility is provided for workmen before leaving the site
17.3.3 Emeregncy Eye wash fountain have been provided at strategic locations based on the needs as
mentioned in Table-VI.
Table-VI :EYEWASH FOUNTAIN POSITIONS
S.NO. AREA EYE WASH FOUNTAIN
1. Quality Control EWF-01
2. GRANULES 4G EWF-02
3. Liquid Filling Unit EWF-03
4. MONO Liquid Filling Unit EWF-04
5. CANTEEN AREA EWF-05
6. HERBICIDE BLOCK EWF-06
7. WARE HOUSE EWF-07
8. Solvent tank farm EWF-08
9 LIQUID BLOCK-2 EWF-09
10 FG WAREHOUSE EWF-10

17.3.4 Suitable type of Antidote (Table VII) in adequate quantity is provided at site for treating pesticide
poisoning or for any medical emergency treatment
Table VII:ANTIDOTES
S. No Name of the Antidote Stock in OHC
01 Decardran .inj.2ml 20
02 Avil . inj.2ml 10
03 Deriphyllin .inj.2ml 10
04 Ondem 10
05 Tet –oxadil 10
06 Lasix 5
07 Snake Anti Venam 2
08 PAM (20ml) 20
09 Atropine 50
10 Cyclo Pam 10
11 Rantac inj. 10
17.3.5 Two Numbers of Self contained Breathing Appratus (SCBA) sets have been deployed in Emeregncy
Control Centre for rescue purpose
17.3.6 Emergency PPEs such as respirators, hand gloves, full body air suits , Fire suits, air breathing masks ,
etc are also available in ECC as per Table VIII for providing supply of PPEs in acse of an emergency
situation
Table VIII :LIST OF EMERGENCY PPE

S. No Name of PPE Numbers
1 Organic vapour respirators 5
2 PVC suits 10
3 Rubber hand gloves 200
4 Nitrile hand gloves, 50
5 Electrical gloves 05
6 Chemical hand gloves 50
7 Heat resistance hand gloves 02
8 Helmets 100
9 Chemical splash goggles 10

10 Face shields 20
11 Full Body air suit 10
12 Safety Full body Harness 10
13 Air Breathing Mask 05
14 Fire Suits 03
15 Fire Blankets 10
17.3.7 First aid boxes have been deployed as per the locations mentioned in Table-IX for rendering
first aid in case of an injury
Table-IX : FIRST AID BOX
S.No Location Qty, No.
1. OHC 01
2. SECURITY-1 01
3. QC 01
4 PRODUCTION LIQUIDS 01
5 ECC 01
6 SECURITY 01
7 ADMIN OFFICE 01
8 WAREHOUSE 01
9 ALL COMPANY VEHICLES GAVING EACH ONE BOX 06
14 Nos.
17.4 Emission Control Measures & Spill Control Management

17.4.1 Dust collector & scrubber system is provided for 10 ACM, 30 ACM & 60 ACM production Blocks &
granulation blocks.
17.4.2 Ventilation is provided through Roof Turbo ventilators & also by keeping shutters open

17.4.3 Eye wash fountain is provided outside the production blcoks for providing immediate first aid for any
spillage
17.4.4 Extraction Hoods with duct connected to a scrubber have been provided to blender, filling area &
machines, Nauta Mixer & filling area etc
17.4.5 A dedicated scrubber system with caustic tank & Pumps for circulation & blower is in place for
granulation block
17.4.6 Appropriate Hazard Warning Lables are affixed on barrels of Pesticides/Insecticides Formulation.
17.4.7 Spill control management system is in place as per the details furnished in Table-X.
Table-X: SPILL CONTROL KIT

S. No Location Number
1. QUALITY CONTROL 01
2. FG WAREHOUSE 01
3. RM WAREHOUSE 02
4. LIQUID BLOCK 01
5. POWDER BLOCK 01
6. LOQUID BLOCK-2 01
7. LIQUID BLOCK-3 01
8. GRANULES BLOCK-1 01
9. GRANULES BLOCK-2 01
17.4.8 Requisite spill control items have been provided for each spill control kit as mentioned in
Table XI.
Table-XI: ITEMS IN SPILL CONTROL KIT

S. No ITEMS
1. SODIUM BICARBONATE-10KGS
2. ABSORBENT PADS
3. SCOOP
4. PAN
5. CONDUCTIVE 5KG COVERS
6. SPONGE
7. NITRILE GLOVES
8. SPLASH GOGGLES
9. NOSE MASK 9913

10. PVC APRON

11 GOGGLES
12 EMPTY COVERS
17.4.9 Suitable extraction system over mixing tanks/ filling machines is provided and the duct is connected
to a scrubber for example: filling machine of dusting powder & granules area etc.
17.4.10 Dedicated dust collector has been provided for 30 ACM & 10 ACM, Powder &
Granulation Production Blocks
17.4.11 Production Blocks have been provided with adequate numbers of roof Turbo ventilators in addition
to adequate numbers of ventilation Windows for providing natural ventilation.
17.4.12 Production Blocks have been provided with adequate numbers of Shutters for providing good natural
ventilation
17.4.13 Operational instructions to check the level of scrubbing medium and pH measurement before start-up
of a batch is included in the Scrubber SOP
17.4.14 Sand buckets have been provided across the site as mentioned in Table-XII for containing
any spill
Table-XII :FIRE SAND BUCKET STANDS
S.NO. AREA NO.OF SAND BUCKETS
1. SUBSTATION-01 04 Nos.
2. DIESEL GENERATOR 04 Nos.
3. SUBSTATION-02 04 Nos.
4. SOLVENT STORAGE TANKS 04 Nos.
5. QUALITY CONTROL & LAB 04 Nos.
6. 30 ACM BLOCK 04 Nos.
7. 10 ACM BLOCK 04 Nos.
8. HERBICIDE BLOCK 04 Nos.
9. LIQUID BLOCK 04 Nos.
10. FINISHED BLOCK 04 Nos.
11 S.C FORMULATION BLOCK 04 Nos.
12 MONO LIQUID BLOCK 04 Nos.
13 PRILLS BLOCK 04 Nos.
14 PACKING MATERIAL GODOWN 04 Nos.

15 RAW MATERIAL GODOWN 04 Nos.

16 SOLVENT STORAGE TANKS 04 Nos.
Total 64 Nos.
17.5 Standard Operating procedures/Work Instructions & Training

17.5.1 Procedure for safe stacking & storage of hazardous chemicals is in place.
17.5.2 Training is being imparted to operators & chemists for safe handling of flammable &
hazardous chemicals/ toxic chemicals at site
17.5.3 Training programme with schedule for each year is prepared and training is being imparted
accordingly.
17.5.4 Signages & Safety instructions for safe handling of Pesticides/ Insecticides in Prodcution,
Warehouse areas etc.are displayed
17.6 Personal Protective Equipment

17.6.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is provided in adequate quantity for usages based on
the nature of hazards.
17.6.2 During handling and charging of Toxic &corrosive chemicals, personal protective
equipment is selected and used to prevent exposure.
17.7 Safety Measures for Critical Safety Equipment

The Management has taken the following Safety Measures for ensuring Mechanical Integrity of
equipment/ safety instruments/ sensors etc.
17.2.1 Ultrasonic test for Granulator etc is being done through an external agency and records is
maintained.
17.2.2 SRV is also provided to diesel fired boiler
17.8 Other Safety Measures:

17.8.1 Warning signs, escape arrangements etcshall be made/are made at conspicuous places and
employees are made aware of such measures.
17.8.2 Ramps have been provided for each production block for facilitating movement of materials

17.8.3 Various types of safety applinances have beem made available at site for handling any type of
emergency. The details of safety applinaces are furnished in Table-XIII.
Table-XIII: SAFETY APPLIMNCES
S.No. Name of Safety Appliance Qty

1 Branch Nozzle (Hose Gun) 30
2 Fire Extinguishers 200
3 Spill Control Kit 10
4 SCBA 02
5 Multi gas detector (O2,H2S,CO,LEL) 01
6 Oxygen Level Meter 01
7 PVC Suit 5
8 Rubber Hand Gloves 200
9 Helmets 100
10 Face Shields 20
11 Fire Proximity Suit 2
12 Airline suit 10
13 Multi gas cartridge mask 5
14 Full body harness 10
15 Splash goggle 5
16 PVC Gloves 500
17 Safety Goggles 200
18 Nitrile gloves disposable 5000

18.0 RECOMMENDED SAFETY MEASURES TO REDUCE CONSEQUENCES OF RISK

OR REDUCE OR MINIMISE HAZARDS
18.1 Respiratpry PPE selection & PPE usage monitoring shall be done in view of
Pesticide/Insecticide Technical handling in large volume
18.2 As the overexposure to hazardous chemicals and finished products can be injurious to
health, awareness of such conditions, avoidance of such conditions, use of suitable personal
protection, early detection of undesirable health conditions and medical management measures are
to be developed and included as procedures.
18.3 In view of handling of flammable solvents which generate static charge, measures to prevent
and minimize generation of static charge during transfer and handling operations as well as during
reaction should be ensured.
18.4 QRA is to be done by the Management for identification of impact of pool fire caused by CIX
Solvent & Cyclohexane storage in Tanks & for the proposed LPG LOT system. An estimation of
heat radiations at different distances from source are to be made (Recommendation R1 &R2 in
Section 13)
18.5 The Industry shoud carry out a study for Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) by using software
for MCA Analysis for CIX Solvent &Cyclohexane storage in Tanks (Recommendation R1 &2 in
Section No.13)
18.6 Comply with recommendation No.R3 as mentioned in Section No.16
18.7 Coompy with all recommendations as mentioned in Section No.16 for the proposed LPG LOT
system for Boiler before start-up of modified boiler with LPG as fuel.
19.0 CONCLUSIONS
A combination of the existing In Built Safety Measures and compliance of recommended safety
measures would go a long way in reducing identified associated risks to an acceptable level. The
measures are to be periodically reviewed with reference to best available technology and safety
practices and creating awareness among employees about changes taking place. This report shall
be read in conjunction with Safety Audit reports & HAZOP & Risk Assessment.

20.0 DISCLAIMER
The EHS & Fire Safety Consultant , based upon professional experience and training, will offer
recommendations to abate violations identified during the walk-through, but does not guarantee
that all (and every), safety issues will be identified. M/s NACL Industries Limited, Unit-II ,located
in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4& 5 at D.NO-4-208, Ethakota village, Near Ganti check post,
Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, will hold the Consultant,
harmless for violations identified but not cured; violations not identified; or any claim, dispute or
other form of controversy arising from or out of an actual or purported safety violation. M/s NACL
Industries Limited, Unit-II, located in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4& 5 at D.NO-4-208, Ethakota
village, Near Ganti check post, Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh,
remains required to comply with Factories’ Acts & Rules, SMPV Rules and all applicable
Standards under State and CentralCodes. Consider other consultancy services that may be
available from Director of Factories, DGFASLI, your insurance carrier, and other safety
consultants.

21.0 ANNEXURE
Annexure-1: Site Lay Out Drawing

Annexure-2: Fire Hydrant Lay Out Drawing

HARA Report NACL Unit 2 Ethakota Year 2020

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NACL-UNIT-II- ETHAKOTA –AP-HARA REPORT OCTIBER 2020

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT (HARA)

Door No.4-208, Ethakota, Near Ganti Check post,

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 1

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT

NACL INDUSTRIES LTD.

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 2

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 3

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 4

The most important unit operations involved in formulations are:

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 5

2.0 NEED FOR HARA

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 6

3.0 OBJECTIVES OF HARA STUDY

The report includes the following:

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 7

4.0 SCOPE OF HARA STUDY

5.0 METHODOLOGY OF HARA STUDY

6.0 ABOUT THE SITE, SURROUNDING & PLANT FACILITIES

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 8

6.2 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS:

6.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA AROUND THE SITE

Direction Type of Habitat No. of persons Distance from the site

6.4 PLANT FACILITIES

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 9

7.2 Contract Maximum Demand 1 340 KVA

6.4.2 PRODUCTION FACILITIES

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 10

6.4.3 STORAGE & WAREHOUSE FACILITIES

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 11

6.4.3.2 Warehouse-Liquid Raw Materials

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 12

6.4.3.3 Warehouse-Non hazardous Solid & Liquid Raw Materials

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 13

6.4.3.4 Solvents & Hazardous Chemicals Storage Tanks

NAME OF SOLVENT & CAPACITY, Type of

2. 197.90 V Above Ground

3. 197.90 V Above Ground

4. 137.20 V Above Ground

HSD Diesel 56.50 V Above Ground

6.4.3.5 Gas Cylinders storage

6.4.6 Fire Hydrant system

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 14

6.4.7 Proposed LPG LOT (Liquid Off Take) System Boiler

7.0 LIST OF PRODUCTS FOR HARA STUDIES

S.NO PRODUCT & BYPRODUCT NAME QUANTITY /YEAR

01 LIQUID FORMULATION 12000 KL/YEAR

02 POWDER FORMULATION 5000 MT/YEAR

03 GRANULES FORMULATION 30,000 MT/YEAR

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 15

10. BPMC 50% EC

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 16

41. Atrazine 50% SL

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 17

10. Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 18

8.1 Process Description of Liquid Formulations

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 19

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 20

8.2 Process Description of Powder Formulations

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 21

FLOW CHART OF FORMULATION FOR POWDER FORMULATIONS

FLOW CHART OF FORMULATION FOR GRANULES FORMULATIONS

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant Page 22