Professional Documents
Culture Documents
كتاب هام عن المعدات الثقيلة
كتاب هام عن المعدات الثقيلة
א
אאא
162 א
א
אאא
W،،אא،א
א א א אא א א א א
אאא،אאאאאא
אאאאא
א؛אאאאאא
K אא
אאאאאאא
א ،א אא
א א א א א א א ،
א،אאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאא
אאא،א
Kאא،א
א? אאא?? ?אא
Kאאאאאא
אאאאאאא
،א،אאאא
Kאאאאא
؛אאא א
Kא
אאאא
ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא
אאאאאא
،אאאאא
Kאאאא
אאאאאא
אאאאאא،אא
אאאאאא
אאאאאאאאא
אאאאא
אאאאאא
אאאאאא
א
אאאאאאא
אאאאאא
אאאאאא
אאאאאאא
אKאאאאאאא
Kא
א
א
1
אא 162 א
א אאא
א
אEאFאאאאא
אאאאKאאא
Kאא
אאאא
Kאאאאאאא
אאאאאאא
אKאאאאאאא
Wא
אאWא א J1
אWא א J2
אWא א J3
אאאאWאא א J4
FאWא א J5
Eא
אאWא א J6
אאאאאאא אא
Kא
-1-
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אא
JWאא
א J
אאאאאא J
אא J
אאא J
אK
Kאאאאאאאאא
JWא
Kאאאא K1
KאEFאאאאא K2
אאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאא
K
אאאאא אK
Kאאאא
אKאאאאאאא
E… Jאא–אFאאאאא
Fאא
KEא
אאאאאאאא
אאאKאאא
-2-
אא 162 א
א אאא
Kאאאא
אאאאאאKאא
אאאאאאאאEF
Kאאא
אא K
אאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאKאא
אאאאאKאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
Kאאאאא
אא אK
אאאאא
אאאאאא
Kאאאא
Kאאאא
JWא
אאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאא
אאא אאאא
Kאאא
-3-
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אאאאאאא
אאEאFאאאאא
KאאאאאאEאF
אאאאאאא
אאאא
Kאאאא
אאאאאאא
Kאאאאאא
אאאאאאא
Wאא
אאאFאאא J1
KאEא
אאאאאאאא J2
אאאאא J3
אאא אא
Kאאאא
אאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאא
Kאאאא
-4-
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאא
Kאא
W א-1
אאאא
Wאא
Kא J1
KEF J2
KEאFאא J3
אאאא J4
K א
אאאאא
Kאא
WEאאFאאא -2
אאאאא
WאאKאאאאאא
אאאא K
K
אאFאאאאאא אK
KEאאאאאאKאאא
Wאא -3
אאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאא
אאאאא
אאאאא
Kאאא
-5-
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wאאא א-4
Kאאאאאאאא
אאאאאא
אאאאאאאKאאא
Kאאאאא
Wאאאאאא -5
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאא
אאאאאא
אאאאאא
Kאאאאאאא
-6-
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
א
אאאE1Fא
Kאאאאאאאאא
אאאE1Fא
Kאאאאאאאאאאא
JWאאG
א א א א
1 6 1 50–10 1
1 אא 7 1 200א 2
1 8 1 300 3
J J J J J J J J J J J J 9 1 90א 4
J J J J J J J J J J J 10 1 א90א 5
-7-
אא 162 א
א אאא
JWא א
א א א א
1 10 7 1 12 1
1 10 8 1 12 2
1 10א 9 1 10 3
1 10א 10 1 10 4
1 א 11 1 10 5
J J J J J J J J J J 12 1 8 6
JWא א
א א א א
1 3 1 א800 1
1 א 4 1 א400 2
-8-
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאא
אאאKא
KאאאE2FאKא
אאE2Fא
Wאאאאאאאא
E00–אא–אFאאאא J1
אאאאאא J2
Kאאא
Kאאאאא J3
Kאאא
אאאא J4
אאאא
אאא
Kא
-9-
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאא א J5
Kאאא
Kאאאאא J6
אאאאE3Fא
- 10 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאאEF
אאE4Fא
WEאאFאאאא
EאFאאEאאFאאא J1
EאFאאאאא
Kאא
Kאאאא J2
אאאאאאאאאא J3
K
- 11 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
EFאאEאאאאFאא J4
KאאEאאאאFאא J5
KאEאFא J6
JW
5אאא
Kאאאא
- 12 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אEFאא
אאאאאאאאאא
אא
Kאאאא
אאאEאFאE5Fא
- 13 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
EאאFאאאאאא
אEאאFאא J1
K
Kא J2
KEאאFאאאא J3
K אא J4
אEאFא J5
E2 J6FאאE1–6Fא
Kא
אאאאEאFאאא J6
Kאאאא
אאאאא J7
Kאא
אאאא J8
Kאאא
אאאאE6Fא
- 14 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאא
אאאא
אאאKא
KאEאאFאאאא
א–א Jא Jאא Jאא
K00000א
Wאאא
KEאאFאאאאא JWאא
KEאFאא JWאא
KEאאFאאאאא JWאא
Wא
א J2א J1
JWא
אאאאאא
Kא
KאאאאE7FאאG
אאאאE7Fא
- 15 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
JWא
אאא אאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאKא
Kאא
אאא
אאאאא
Kאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
KEאאFאא
Kאאאאא
EאFאאאKאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאEFאא
אE8FאאKאא–אא Jאא J
אאא
אאאאE8Fא
- 16 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אאEאF
אאאא
א
KEאאFא א-1
E500 J300 J100Fאא
KאאאE1Fא
E3 J2אFאא
KאאאE0,2Fאא
אאאאאאא
אאאאאא
KE9Fאא
אאאאE9Fא
- 17 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
WEאאFאאא
אאאאאאאאא
אאאKאא
KEאאFאאאאאא
Fאאאאאא J1
KE
KEאאאFאאאא J2
Kאאאאאא J3
Kאאאאאאא J4
אאא J5
KE3 J2FאKאאא
אאאאE4אFאאאאא J6
אאאאKאא
Kאא
אEFאאאאא J7
Kא
אאאאאאא J8
K
Kאא א-2
אאאאאאאא
אאאKא
Kאאא -1
Kאאא -2
Kאאא -3
KEאאאFאאאא -4
Kאאאא -5
- 18 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wאאא
KאאאEאFאא -1
KאאאEאFאאא -2
Kאאאא -3
K א
אאאאא
KEאאאאFאאא
EאאFאאאאא
Kאא
אאאE10Fא
Kאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאא
KאKא
Kאאא א J1
אאאאאאאאאא א J2
Kאאא
- 19 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
Kאאאאא א J3
אFאאאא J4
KEא
אאאאאאא J5
אאאKא
Kאאא
- 20 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אא
אKאאאא
אא
אאאאאKאא
אאאKא
אאאאאאKE אF
KאEאאFאא
WאאEאFאאאאG
WKאאאא
JWא -1
KאאאK،אא
אאאאE15 J 10Fאא
אא אאE11אF
KאאאאאE13אF
E12Fאאאאאאא
אאאאEF Kאא
אEאFאאאKאאא
אאאKאאKא
Kאאאאא
- 21 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
E13FE12FE11F
אאאאאאאא
JWאא -2
אאKאאאאא
אאאאאEFKא
KאKאא
אאE14Fא
Wאאאא א
א -1
- 22 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אE Fאא
EאFאאאאK
KאאKא
Kאאא
אאא -2
אאא
אאאאאאKא
אאKאאאאאא
K
- 23 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאE15Fא
- 24 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wאא
EאFאא
Kאאאאא
EאFאאאאאא
Kאאא J1
Kאא J2
KאאאEאFאאא
Kאא
EאFאאאE16Fא
אאאאEאFאאא
W
JWאאEFא -1
אאKE60Fאא
אאאאאKא
JWאאEFא -2
אאFאאאא
KאאEאאא
- 25 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wאאא
JWא -1
אאאEאאאFא
אאאאאK
KE17FKא
JWאא א-2
אאאאאאא
אאKE90Fאאאאא
KE18FKאאאא
JWאאאאא א-3
אאאE 90Fאא
E19FKא אא
- 26 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
E19FE18F E17F
- 27 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא א א
א א
E1F
אאא
E4F א א
אאא
א
אאא
אאאאאאאא א J1
Kאאאאאא
JWא
אא אא א א
ST 37 K E100C6C60F E1F
אאא א
0K3H 1W1
- 28 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא אא
א J1 אאאEאFא J1
א אאאא
א E90Fא
J2 Fאאאא
J2
א Eא
J3 אא
א א
J4 Ea FאאאEF J3
אאאאEF J4
Eb F
E12F J–Fא
J5 KאאאאE J5
Kאאאא
א אאאא J6
E10F אא J7
א J6
אא
EאF
J7
א500
J8
J9
א
- 29 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אאFאאאאא J1
Ea-b F J2
Kאאאאאאאאא J3
EFאאאא J4
א א
J1 אאא J1
J2 אא J2
א
- 30 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא א אא
א
אאא E4F אEF E1F
א אא
א
אאא
Kאאאאא J1
Wא
- 31 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא אא א א
S T 37 K E100C6C60F E1F
אאא
א
0,3H 1W1
אא אא
אאאEF J1
J1 Kאאא
אא אאאא J2
א J2 אאFאא
א KE
J3 אא J3
א500 Kאאא
J4
J4
א J5
א J6
אא
אא
KEאFאאאא J1
אאא J2
Kאאאא
Kאאאאאא J3
- 32 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
- 33 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
א א
J1 אאא J1
- 34 -
אא
אא
2
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאאא
אאאאא
אאאאאאאאא
Kאא
Wאא
KאאW
KאW
KאW
KאאאWא
KאאW
Wאאאאאאאא
Wאא
Wאא
Wאאאאאאא
Kאא
KEFא א
Kא א
Kאאא א
Kאאאאאא א
- 32 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
E1FW
E1F
W
KmmEFא -1
KmmEFא -2
KmmEF– -3
KmmEF -4
K -5
EF -6
Kא -7
KEאF א -8
K -9
KEאF -10
KEF -11
KEF -12
- 33 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
Wא
KmmEFEFא -1
E2F
KmmEFEFא -2
E3F
- 34 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
KmmEF– -3
E3F
22 19 17 14 13 12
KE4FmmEF -4
E4F
13 12 11 1 9 8 7 6
20
25 24 23 22 21
21
- 35 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
W -5
E5F
W -6
E6F
- 36 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
Wא -7
E9FE8F E7F
KEאFא -8
E10F
- 37 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
KEF -9
E11F
KEאF -10
E12FX
KEF -11
E13F
- 38 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
KEF -12
E14F
K -13
E15
- 39 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
E1FאW
אE16F
W
KLLEF EFא J1
KLLEF – J2
KLLEF J3
J4
EF J5
א J6
KEאF J7
J8
KEF J9
J10
J11
J12
J13
J14
- 40 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
Wא
KLLEFEFא -1
E17F
Wא
7 3 5 3 5 × 14
16 × 8 16 × 8 16
19 × 11
16
9
16
× 58 9 ×1
32 16
Wא
אאאאאא
KLLEFEFא -2
E18F
Wא
7 × 3 5 5
× 3 × 1
16 8 16 8 16 4
19 × 11 9 × 5 9 × 1
32 16 16 8 16 2
- 41 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
Wא
Kאאאאאא
WLLEF– -3
E19F
Wא
5 1 3 1
8 2 8 4
Wא
Kאאאאאאא
KLLEF -4
E20F
Wא
11
16
9 7 5 1 58 38 14
16 16 16 2
// 25 19 15
3
1 32 32 16 4
- 42 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
Wא
Kאאאאאאא
K -5
E21F
א
א א
K -6
E22F
- 43 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
Wא -7
E23F
KEאF -8
E24F
K -9
E25F
- 44 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
12
LL6
LL
KEF -10
E26F
250 500
KEF -11
E27F
- 45 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
K -12
E28
K -13
E29F
K -14
E30F
- 46 -
א
א
- 36 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אא
אL
Wאא
א -1
KEאF E
KEאאFE
E1 J3FWא -2
KEאאFאE
KEאFאE
KEאFאE
E1 J3FWא -3
KE
KE
E2 J3FWא -4
KאE
KEVFE
KאE
KאE
- 47 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
E3 J3FWאEF -5
KEI FE
KEL FE
K EFFE
KETFE
E3 J3FWאEF -6
KאE
KE
WאEF -7
KאE
KE
Wא -8
Kא1000E
Kא2500 J1000אE
Kא6000E
Wאא -9
KE
KאאE
KE
- 48 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
EFא
EFא
א
E1 J3F
- 49 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
E2 J3F
Kא -1
KV -2
Kא -3
Kא -4
Kא -5
Kא -6
- 50 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
IL
FT
E3 J3F
- 51 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אL
אאאE4 J3F
- 52 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אאא
CYLINDER HEAD EאFאK1
אאאאאא
אאאאאאV
אאא،אא
אאא،אאאאאא
אאאאא
אא،א
Kאא
V E5 J3F
אא א
א אא
- 53 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
א J2Kא J1
אא J4 J2
אא J6א J5
אא J8אאא J7
א J10א J9
א J12א J11
אא J14א J13
אא J15
valves אK2
אאאWא
אאאאא
אאאא
אאEFאאEFאאאא
אא
אא
א
א
א
Kאא
E6 J3_
אא
- 54 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא J2א J1
אא J4אאא J3
א J8אא J7אא J5
אאK3
אאאאאאאאאא
אאאא
Wאאאאא
DIRECT INJECTION CHAMBERSאא J1
TURBULENCE CHAMBERS אאא J2
PRE- COMBUSTION CHAMBERSאאא J3
AIR CELL CHAMBERSאאאאא J4
- 55 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאE7 J3F
אאאאאאא
אאאאאא،אא
אאEAFאא
אאאא
Kאאא
אאEBFא
אאECFא،
א
Wאאא
K אא J1
- 56 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאאא J2
K
Kאא J3
KEאFאאא J4
INTAKE MANIFOLDאK4
אאא?אא
Kא?אאא
אאאאאאאאא
אאאאאא
אאאאאאK
Kאאאאאא
אאE8 J3F
- 57 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
א J5
אאאא
אEאFאאEF
אאא
Kאאא
אאא٪3אאאא
אאאאא،אאא
،אאאאאאא
אאאאא
אא،אאאא
א،אאא
א א،אא
אE9 J3F
- 58 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
PISTON אK6
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא،אא
אא،א
א،אאאאאא
אא،אאאאא
אאא،אאא،אא
אאאאא
אאא،אאאא
K،אאאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאא
אא
אE10 J3F
- 59 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
CONROD אK7
אאאאאאאאאאאא
אאאאא،אא
אאאאאא،אא
Kאאאא،אא
אאאאE11 J3F
CRANKSHAFT אK8
אאאאאאאא
Kאאא
אאאא
א،אא،
אאא،אא
אא
- 60 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאE12 J3F
CAMSHAFTEאFאK9
אאא אא
?ALLOY STEELאאא،
אאא?א
Kאאאאאאא
אא،אא
אאאאאאא
א،אאאא
אאא،א
- 61 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאE13 J3F
FLYWHEELאא J10
אא،אאא
אאאאא،אאא
אאFאאא،א
אאאאאא،Eא
אאא،א
،אאאאא،אא
Kאאאאאא
- 62 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
E2FאאE1FאאE14 J3F
אא
אא
אא אאא א
א אאאא אKאא
אאא אKאא אאא
אאאאאאא
K
- 63 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wאא
אאאא K1
א K2
אאEאאFאאא אK3
אאאאא אK4
אאא K5
אאאא K6
Wאא
Kאא
א
אאאא
אאאאא
אאא
אא
אא
אא
א
א
א
אאאאאאא
אאאא
אאאEאFאאאאא
אאאאאא
FאאKא
- 64 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאEאאאא
JW
Kא אא
אאאאאאאאא
Kאאאא
אאאאאא
Kא
Kאא
אאאאאאאאאא
Kאאאאאאא
Kאאאאאא
אא
א K1
Kאאאאאא אK2
א K3
א K4
אאא K5
אא K6
אא K7
א K8
אא
אא א א אא
JWאאא
א
EאFא
- 65 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
א
אא
א
א
א
אא
א
א
א
אא
א
א
א
א
א
אאא
א
،אאאאא
KאEFאא
E15 J3F
אא
- 66 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
EאFאא
אאאא
אאאKEF
אאאאאא
אאאאא
Kא
אאאE16 J3F
אא
אאא
Kאאא
- 67 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאE17 J3F
א
אא
אאאאא
K
KאאאE18 J3F
- 68 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
KאאE19 J3F
אא
אאא
אאאא
Kאאא
KאאאE20 J3F
א
אאאאאאא
אאאאKאאא
אאאאאKאא
Kא
- 69 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאE21 J3F
KאאאE22 J3F
KאאאאE23 J3F
אא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
- 70 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאא
Kאאאאאא
אא
א K1
אK2
אאא K3
א K4
א אK5
אK6
אא K7
א K8
א אK9
א
אאאאאאא
Kאאא
اﻟﺒﻜﺮة
اﻟﻄﺎرة
ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ
אאE24 J3F
- 71 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
ﻣﺴﻤﺎر
زرﺟﻴﻨﺔ
אאE25 J3F
א
אאאKאא
אאאאא
Kא
ﻏﻄﺎء اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ
ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ
ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﺮوﺣﺔ
אאE26 J3F
- 72 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
KאאאאאE27 J3F
ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ اﻟﺤﺪاﻓﺔ
אאאE28 J3F
א
Kאאא
Kאאאא
أﻣﺎم
- 73 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
KאE29 J3F
Kאאא،אאא
ذراع اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ
ﺗﻴﻠﺔ
اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ
ﺷﻨﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ
اﻟﺘﻴﻞ
אאאאE30 J3F
- 74 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאא
Kא
ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﺸﻨﺎﺑﺮ
KאאE31 J3F
אא
W אאאאאא
אא א
אאאאאא א
אאא
אא
אאא
א
אאאא
אאא
אאא
- 75 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאאאE32 J3F
אאE33 J3F
- 76 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאא
אא
JWאאא
אא K1
א K2
אא K3
א K4
Kאאאאאאא
א א Kא א
Kא אאאא
Kאאאאא
אאאאE34 J3F
אאאאK א
KאאאאK
- 77 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאKאא
אKאאא
Kאאא،א
KאאE35 J3F
ﻋﺪة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻴﻞ
KאאאאE36 J3F
- 78 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאE37 J3F
אאאאE38 J3F
- 79 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אE39 J3F
EאאFאא
אאאKאאא
אאKא
אאאאK
אאאאא
Kאאאאא
ﻣﺴﻤﺎر اﻟﻀﺒﻂ
ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ
اﻟﺘﻜﻴﺔ
ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟﺨﻠ ﻮص
اﻟﻔﻠ
اﻟﺼﻤﺎم
אאאE40 J3F
- 80 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
ﻣﻔﻚ
ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻓﻚ اﻟﺼﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ
اﻟﻔﻠﺮ
אאאE41 J3F
אאKאא
KאKא
KאE42 J3F
אE43 J3F
- 81 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאE44 J3F
אא
אאאאאאאאא
،אאאאאא
אאKאא
אאאאאאאKא
אאאאאאאKא
אאאאKא
Kאאא
אאאאא
א אK1
אאא K2
א K3
א K4
א אK5
א K6
א אK7
אאא K8
- 82 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא אK9
אא K10
אאא
Kאאאאא
אאKאאאאאאאאא
Kאאא
אאאאאא
אKKאאאאאKא
אאאאאא
Kא
ﻋﻼﻣﺔ أﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ
אאאאאE45 J3F
ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ
KאאאאאאE46 J3F
- 83 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אאאא
Kאאאאא
אאאא
אאKא
Kאאא
אאE47 J3F
אאאאE48 J3F
- 84 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאא
אאאאאא
Kאא
ادﻓﻊ
אאאאE49 J3F
ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ
ﺧﺮﻃﻮم ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ
אאאאE50 J3F
- 85 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
ﻋﻼﻣﺎت
אאאאE51 J3F
אאאאאאאE52 J3F
- 86 -
א
א
- 111 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אא
Cooling System א
אאאא،אאא
אאאK
אאאאאא
אאאKאאא
Kא
א
Wאאא
Kאאא א-1
Kאא א-2
Kאאאא א-3
Kא א-4
א
אאאאאא
אKאאאא،א
Kאאאאאאא
אא
Kאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאא
אאKאאאא
KאאאKא
- 87 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אא אE1 J4 F
אא
Kא
K א
Kא
KEאFא
KEאFאא
Kא
K א
Kא
Kא
Kא
Kא
Kאאא
- 88 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
א
Kאאא
אאא אא
א א
א אא
אאאא
א אא
(Ethylene glycol)אאאאא
Kא٪50
- 89 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
(Water Jacket)אא
אאאאא
Kאאאא،אא
(Radiator)EאFא
אאאאאKאאא
אKאא Kאאא
Kאא
אאא E3 J4 F
אא
KEאאF א .1
אאאאF א.2
KEאא
אאFא .3
KEאא
KEאאאF א .4
- 90 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
Wא
אאאאאאאא
KאאאאאKאאא
אאאאאאאאאא
אא، אא
Kאאא
E4 J4 F
Wא
Kא א -1
Kאא א -2
K אאאאא -3
Wא
KEאאאF -1
- 91 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אFאא -2
KEאא
Fאאא -3
Eאאאאא
אאE5 J4F
Wא
אאאאאא
אאאKאא
אאאאKאא
אאאאא אא
Kאאאא،אא
- 92 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
א
אאאאא
אאאאא
KאאאKא
(Overflow tank)EאFא
אאאאאא
אאא،א
אKא
Kאאאאא
אאאאא
אאKאא
Kאאאא،א
אא אE6 J4 F
- 93 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
(Water pump)א
Kאאאאאא
אאא
Kא
Wאא
EאאFא -1
אאאFא -2
KEא
KEאאאFא -3
KEאF א -4
KEאא Fא -5
KEאאאאFא -6
Kאאא
- 94 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
(Hoses) א
אאאא
אאKאאא
Kא
Kאאאאא אא
אאאKאאאא
Kאאאאא
(Thermostat) EאאאFא
אאאא
אאאאאאא K
K
Wא
אא א אא
Kא א
- 95 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
Wא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאKא
אאKאא
(Cooling fan)א
אאאאאאא
אאאאאKאאאא
،אאאKאאא
אאאאKאאא
אאKאאאאא
אאאאאאא
Kאאאאא
- 96 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אא
א
אאאאאאא
Kאאא
א،אא،א،א،אא
Kא،א،א،א
אאאאאאאא
אאאV
אאאאאא
אאאאא
Kאאאאא
אאאאאE10 J4F
- 97 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאL
אא?אא K5
Kאאא
K א K6
אאאL
W אאאא
KEאאאאאFא K1
KEאאאFאא K2
KEאFאא K3
אאאFאא K4
KE א
KEאאאאFא K5
- 98 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
KEאאאאFאא K6
KEאאאאFא K7
EאאאאאFא K8
KEFא K9
א
אאאאאא
Kאאאאאאאא
אא
Kאאאא،א
Wא J
EאFאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאא
אאא
Kאאאאאא
KאאEאFאאא
אאאאא
אאאאאאאK
אא،אאאאא
Kאאא
- 99 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאE11 J4F
אאE12 J4F
- 100 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
א
אאE13 J4F
אאאאE14 J4F
Wאאא J
- 101 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאא
אאאאאK
אKא،א
אאאאאאא
אאאא
Kאא
אאאE15 J4F
אא
אאאאא
אאא אאאאאאא
Kאא
( Oil Filter ) א
- 102 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאKאא
KאאאKא
KאEFE16 J4F
KאEF E17 J4F
אא
- 103 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
( Dipstick ) אEF
،אא
Kאאאאאאא
אאאאא
אאאאKאא
K
אא
KאאE18 J4F
- 104 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
Wאא
אא،אאא
Kא
אאאאא،א
אאאEFאא،EF
،אא،EFאא
EFאאEאFא Kא א
אKEאFאEF
KEFאאאKא4–3.5
אאאאE19 J4F
- 105 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אאאL
Wאאא
Kאאאאא
Kאאא א
Kאאאא
אEאFאאא
Kאא
Wאאא
Kאא
Kאאא
Kאא
- 106 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
א E21 J4F
א
א
- 107 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאL
אאאאא
Wאאאאא
Kאאאא J1
אאאאאא J2
Kא
Kאאא J3
Kאאאא J4
Kאאאאא J5
Kאא J6
Kאאאאאאא J7
אאאאאא J8
Kא
אאאאאE22 J4F
א
- 108 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאE23 J4F
אאאE24 J4F
- 109 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אE25 J4F
אאאE26 J4F
אL
אאאאאאא
WWאאאא
Kאאאא K1
- 110 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאאאא אK2
אאאאאאאא
Kאא
Wאאא
Kאאאאא -1
אא -2
Kאא -3
Kאאא -4
Kאאאא -5
Kאאאאאא -6
אאאאאאאאאאא -7
Kאא
Kאאאאאאא -8
Kאאאאאאאאא -9
KKאאאאאאא -10
Kא
אאאKאאאאאא
Kאא
אאאא
Kאא
- 111 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאE27 J4F
אאE28 J4F
- 112 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאE29 J4F
אאאאE30 J4F
- 113 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאE31 J4F
אאאאאאאאE32 J4F
אאאא
אאאאא
Kאאאא
Kאא
- 114 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאE33 J4F
- 115 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
Wאאא
Kאאא -1
Kאא -2
Kאא -3
Kאאאאא -4
Kאא -5
Kאאא -6
אאEFאא -7
Kא
Kאא -8
Kאאא -9
Kאא -10
Kאא -11
Kא -12
Kאאאאאא -13
אאאE34 J4F
- 116 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאאE35 J4F
אאא
אאE36 J4F
- 117 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אאא
אא
Kאא
אאאא
אEאFא
Wאא
אאאE37 J4F
אאאאאE38 J4F
- 118 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
אL א
אאאאא
Kאאא
אאE39 J4F
- 119 -
אאא 162 א
א אאא
Wאא
Wאא
אאאאE40 J4F
אאאא
Wאא
אאE41 J4F
אאא
א
- 120 -
אא
אא
149
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אא
א
א
א،אאאא
Wא
אאאEאFאZ
אאאאZ
אEKKKKK،א،אF
אאאאאאZ
אאא
א
א א א א
א אא א אא א א אא
א א א א אא
JFאאEHFאא
KאאאEHFאאE
אאא
אאKאE JF
א א E א F א
א א
E1 J5Fאא
- 121 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאאE1 J5Fא
אאאE2 J5Fא
- 122 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wאאא
אאאא אאאא
אא
אאאאאא
אא אא ،א
א א א אא EאF
אא א
Wאא
WאL
אאאאא
א E א F א א א
אאאאאאא
E 3 J5Fאאאא
א א א א א א
Kא
אאאאE3 J5Fא
א
- 123 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
WאאL
4 J5Fאא
א א E
5 J5Fאאאאא،א
E
אאE4 J5Fא
אאאא
אאאאאE5 J5Fא
- 124 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
WאL
א א א א
אאאאE6 J5Fא
Kאאאא
אאאאE6 J5Fא
אאאאאאLא
אאאא -1
אאאאאא -2
אאאאא -3
א
אאא -4
אאא -5
- 125 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אא
א
אאאאאא
אאא،א
Wאאאא
אאאא .1
אא .2
E7 J5Fאאאאאאא
אאE7 J5Fא
- 126 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wאאאאא
אאאאאא -1
אאא -2
אאאאא -3
אא -4
אאאא -5
Statorא -6
Rotorאאא -7
א -8
א -9
אאאאא -10
אאא
WStatorא -1
אאא א3
אא אאא
אE8 J5Fא אאאא
E9 J5Fאאא
אאא
- 127 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
E9 J5Fא אE8 J5Fא
אאא אא
WRotorEאאאF א-2
אאאא
אאאאאא
Fא،אאא
אאKאאE
אE11 J5FאאאאאאE10 J5F
אאאאא
E11 J5FאE10 J5Fא
אאאאאאאאא
- 128 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
WEאF א-3
אאאאאאאא
א،אאאא
אאאאאאאאא
E12 J5FKאאא
אE12 J5Fא
אאא
Wא -4
Wא
אא אאאאאאא
אא،אאאאא
Kאאאא
Wא
א،אאאאאאאא
א אאא
Kאא
- 129 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאE13 J5Fא
W Rectifier א א-5
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאא
אאאאאאא
E14 J5F
- 130 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאE14 J5Fא
E16 J5FאאאE15 J5Fא
אאאאאא
- 131 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אא
EאFא
אאאאאאא
אאאאאאא
אאא،א
אאE17 J5Fאאאאא
Kאא
אאאEאFאE17 J5Fא
- 132 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאE18 J5Fא
אאאאE18 J5Fא
E18 J5Fאאאא
א -1
אא -2
אא -3
אאא -4
אאאא -5
EאF א-6
א -7
א-8
EאF א -9
- 133 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאא
WEאFא א-1
אאא
אאא،
Kאאאא
אאE19 J5Fא
אא
א-2
אאאאא
אאאאא
- 134 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
א -3
אאאאא
אאאE20 J5FאE20W1Fאא
אא
אאאאE20 J5Fא
אאאא א-4
אאאאאאאE21 J5Fא
א -1
א -2
א -3
EאFא -4
א -5
א -6
א -7
א -8
אאאאE21 J5Fא
א
- 135 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אE
אאאאא
אאאאאאEאFא
EאFאE
אאאאא
אאאאאאא
Kאאא
EאFאE
אEאFאאא
אאאאא
- 136 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
אאאאא
WאאאאW
אאאאא
Wאאאא
א
Wאאאא -1
אאאאא
אאאאא
אאאE22 J5Fאאאא
Kאאא
אאאE22 J5F
Wא
אא אא
אאאאאאא
אאא
אאE23 J5FאKא
Kא
- 137 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אE23 J5F
אאאא
אאא
אאאאאא
אאאאאE24 J5Fאא
אאאאאE24 J5Fא
- 138 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
E26 J5FאאE25 J5Fא
א
אאאאאא
WאאאאאW
אאאאאאא
،אאאאאאא
Kאאאאאא
Wאאאאא
Kא א-1
Kאאאא -2
Kאא א-3
EאFאאאאא א-4
Kאא -5
אא א-6
- 139 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Kאאאאאא -7
WאאאW
אאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאא
E27 J5Fאאאאאאא
אאאאE27 J5Fא
אאאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
KאאE28 J5Fאאא
- 140 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאאאאE28 J5Fא
אאאאאאאא
אאא אא
E29 J5FאאK
אאאE29 J5Fא
- 141 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
WאאWא
אאאאאאאאאא
אאאאא
אאאאאא
אא،אאא
אE30 J5Fא
אאאאאא אא
אא Kאאא
אאא אא אאא
אאאאאאא
א
אאאאE30 J5Fא
- 142 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
W א J1
אאאאא
אאאאאא
אא
E31 J5FאKאאאא
Kאאאאא
אאאאאE31 J5Fא
Wא J2
אאאאא
Kאאאאא
Wאאא J3
אאאאא
Kאאאא
- 143 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
א
Wא
אאאאא
Wאא
אא K1
אא K2
אאאא אK3
א K4
אא K5
אאא K6
אאא K7
אא K8
א K9
אא K10
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 144 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
א
א
Wאאאאאא
אא
אא J1
א א J2
א J3
א J4
אאאא J5
אא א J6
אא J7
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 145 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
א
א
אאאאאא
Wאא
אא J1
אא א J2
אאא א J3
א J4
אא J5
אאא J6
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 146 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאא
אא
א
אאאאא
Wאא
K1
K2
אא K3
אא K4
EF K5
אאW
Wא
אאW
Wא
- 147 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
EאFא
א
Wאאאאאא
אא K1
אא K2
אאאא אK3
א K4
אא K5
א K6
אא K7
אאא K8
אאא K9
אא K10
א K11
אא K12
א K13
אא K14
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 148 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
EאFא
א
Wאאאאאא
אא K1
אא K2
אאא אK3
א K4
אאא K5
אא K6
אאאא K7
אא K8
אא K9
אאא K10
א K11
אא K12
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 149 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
אאא
א
אאאאאאאא
Wאא
אא K1
אא K2
אאאא אK3
א K4
אאאא K5
אא K6
אאא K7
אאא K8
אא K9
אא K10
א K11
אאא K12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
- 150 -
אא
אא
6
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אא
Clutchא
א،אאEאFאאא
Kאאאאאאאא
،אאאאא
אאאאא
אאKאא
אEא Fאאאא،E1 J6F
EאF
אאאאE1 J6F
- 153 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wא א-1
אאאא
،אאאאKא
KE2 J6F
א E2 J6F
Wאא -2
א אאא
אKE3 J6F،אאא
- 154 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אEאFאKאאאא
KE4 J6Fאא
KאE3 J6F
- 155 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KאאאאE4 J6F
Clutch DiscEאFא -3
J6–5 J6Fאאאא
אאא،אאאאKE5
אאאאאא
אEאFאאאK
Kאאאא
אאאא
Kאא
- 156 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
EאFאE5 J6F
EאFאE5 J6F
- 157 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Clutch Release BearingEאFאא -4
،E6 J6FאEאFא
Kאאאאא
אא
،אאKE7 J6F
א،אאאKאא
אאאאKאאא
אאEאFאKאאא
Kאאא،א
KאאE6 J6F
KאאE7 J6F
- 158 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אא
אאאא
K
אאאא
אאEאFא
אאE8 J6FאKאא
Kא
KאאE8 J6Fא
- 159 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wאא،א
EאאאאאאFאא J1
Kאאא
Eא א א F א J2
א א א א
Kא
FEאאF א א J3
אאEא
EאאFאאא،א
EFאאאאאK
Eא FאאKאא
Kאאאא
אאE9 J6F
- 161 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאאE10 J6F
WאW
א،אאאE11 J6Fא
אאאאאא
E،FאאאאאKא
Kאאאא
- 162 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KאאאE11 J6F
WאאW
،אאאאE12 J6Fא
אEFאאאEאFאאא
אאאאEFאאאא
אאאEFEFאEFאEF
אאKאאאאא
אE،Fאאאאא
KE،Fא
- 163 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KאאאאE12 J6F
WאאW
،אאאאE13 J6Fא
אEFאאאEאFאאא
אEFאאאאאאא
אEFEFאEFאEFאאא
Kאא
אאאאא
E،Fאאאאאאא
KE،Fאא
- 164 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KאאאאE13 J6F
WאאWא
،אאאאE14 J6Fא
אEFאאאEאFאאא
אא،אEFאאאא
אEFאEFאאאKאE،F
אאאאאאEFEF
אאאאאKאא
KE،FאאE،Fאא
- 165 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KאאאאE14 J6F
WאאאW
،אאאאאE15 J6Fא
אEFאאאEאFאאא
אאאאEFאEFאא
אKאאאאאא
Kאאאא
WאאW
،אאאאE16 J6Fא
אאאאאאאא
אKאאEFאאEFאEF
EFאEFאEFאEFאא
- 166 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאאאאאאEF
Kאאאא
KאאאאE15 J6F
KאאאאE16 J6F
- 167 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wאאא
،אאאאאא
E2 J1FאאKE17 J6Fא
KאאאאE4 J3Fאא،אאא
אאאאאאא
אאאאKE1W1Fאא
،אאא،א
אאKאאאא
אאאאאKא
KאאEF
KאאאאאE17 J6Fא
- 168 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wאאא
،אאאאאא
E2 J1FאאKE18 J6Fאא
KאאאאE4 J3Fאא،אאא
אאאאאאא
KאאE1W1Fאא
אאאאא
אאאאKא
א،אאא،א
KאאאKאאא
אאאאא
KאאEF
KאאאאאE18 J6Fא
- 169 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wא
א،אאאאE19 J6Fא
אאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאKא
Kאאא،אא
Kא
KאאאE19 J6Fא
Wאא
،אאאאאE20 J6Fא
אאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאKא
אאאאE2 J1Fאא
אאאאאאKא
- 170 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאאאאאא
Kאא،אאא
אאאאE20 J6Fא
אא
،אאאאאE21 J6Fא
אאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאKא
KאאאאאE2 J1Fאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
KKאא،א
- 171 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KאאאאE21 J6Fא
אא
،אאאאאE22 J6Fא
אאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאKא
KאאאאאE4 J3Fאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
Kאא،א
- 172 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KאאאאE22 J6Fא
Wאאא
،אאאאאאE23 J6Fא
אאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאKא
אKאאE4 J3Fאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאE1W1F
Kאא،אאא
- 173 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KאאאאאE23 J6Fא
Wאא
،אאאאאE24 J6Fא
אאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאKא
אאאEאאFאא
אאאאKאא
אאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאא
אKאא،אאא
אאאאE1Fא
אאאאא،אאא
KEאFאאא
- 174 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאאE24 J6Fא
K
Wאא
،אאאאאE25 J6Fא
אאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאKא
אאאאEאאFאא
אאאKאאא
אאאאאאאאא
،אאאאאאאא
Kאא
- 175 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאאE25 J6Fא
K
- 176 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אא
אא
E26 J6Fאאאאא
KEאאFא
Kאא
Kאאא
Kאאא
Kאא
Kאא
אאאאאE26 J6F
- 177 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wא
،EאFא،אWאאא
KאאאאKאא،א
E27 J6Fא
אאאאE27 J6F
Wא
KאKאאא
אאאKאאא
Kאאאא
- 178 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
א
אאאא،א،אא،א
אאKאאאKא
אKאאאKא
Kאא
EאFא
אאKאא،א
אKאאKאא
Kאא
אא
אא אKא
KאאאKא
א
אKאאאאא
KאאKEאFאא
Wאא
אEאFאא
אאKאא
Kאאאא
- 179 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wא
אE28 J6F
אאאא
אא،אאKEאFא
אאאKאאאאאK
Kא
- 180 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wא
אKאאאאא
אאאKאאא
KאאאאKא
Wאא
Kאאאאא
Kאאאא
K א
Kאאאאא
Kאאא
א،אאאאאWאא
אאKאאא،
Kא
Wא
Kאאאאאאא
אKאאאאאאא
Kאאא
אאא
א،אאאאא
Kאא،א
אא،אאא
אE29 J6FאאK1:2.5א
Wא
KאאאאWא
- 181 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Wאא
Kאאאא،אא
Kאאאאאאאאאא
Wאא
א،א،אאאKאאא
KאאאKאאKא
Wאא
אKאאאאאאא
Kאאא
Wאא
K
אאKאאא
אאאאאאE29 J6F
- 182 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
Wא
א
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאא
אאאאאאאא
א
אא אאא
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אא J1
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אא J2
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK א J3
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK א J4
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- 183 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
Wא
א
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאא
–א– א Jאאאאאאאא J1
K J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאא J2
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאא J3
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK א J4
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK א J5
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK א J6
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- 184 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא
Wא
אאאא
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאא
J J אאאאאאאא J1
Kא Jא––א
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאאא J2
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Kא J3
Kאא א،א J4
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Kאא،אאא J5
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- 185 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
Kאאא،א J6
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Kאאא J7
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- 186 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאאא
Wא
א
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאא
Wאאאאאאא K1
K Jא– J–א–א K2
KK א K3
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK א K4
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאא K5
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- 187 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
Wא
אאא
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאא
Jא J–א–א–Wאאאא
J Jא J
Kא
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Kאאא -1
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Kא -2
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Kאאאא -3
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Kאא -4
Kאא -5
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- 188 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
אאא
Wא
א
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאא
– J–א–אאאאאאא
K–א J
Kאאא J1
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Kאאא J2
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Kא J3
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Kאא J4
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Kאאאאא J5
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Kא J6
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Kא J7
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- 189 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא
Wא
אא
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאא
א،אא،אאא
אאאאא
؟אאא J1
؟א J2
؟א،א J3
؟אאא J4
؟א،א J5
؟אאא J6
؟א،אא J7
- 190 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
؟אאאא J8
؟א،א J9
؟אאא J10
،א J11
؟
؟אא J12
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
אאא
Wא
א
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאא
אאאאאאא
Kאאאא K1
؟א K2
- 191 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא אאא
؟אא K3
،א K4
؟
،א K5
؟
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
....................................................................................................................................
- 192 -
אא
אא
7
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאK
א
א א א א EאF א א
Kא א א א א א
אאאאאא،א
KE1 J7Fא
ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة
وﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ
ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ
ذراع اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ
ﻋﻠﺒﺔ ﺗﺮوس اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ
ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺮﺑﻂ
ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺒﻂ
אKE1 J7F
א
אאאאאא
אאאאKKE2 J7Fא
אאאאא،אא
KKE3 J7F
- 190 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
وﺻﻠﺔ
ﻣﺮﻧﺔ
ﻣﺎﻧﻊ زﻳﺖ ﻳﺎي
ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ
אאאKE2 J7F
ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة
ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ
- 191 -
اﻟﺠﺴﻢ
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אKE3 J7F
אE3–7F
W EאFאא
Wאא
אאא א אא
אא א KE 4 J7F אאא
KKE5 J7Fאא
- 192 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאאאאאאאKE4 J7F
אKE5 J7F
- 193 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
Wאאאאא
، א א א ، א א
אEFאאאא
א א Kא א א א
א א א א ، א
אאאאא KE 6 J7F
אאא،אא א
א אא،אא
א Kא אא
א א א א KE 7 J7 F א
א א KE 8 J7 F א א
Kא
ﺟﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺪودي2 اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺪودي ﺟﻠﺒﺔ
ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ1
ﺟﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺪودي4 ﻏﻄﺎء اﻟﺠﻠﺐ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ3
اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ
ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﻲ6 22 ﺗﻴﻠﺔ5
ﻣﺸﺒﻚ اﻟﺒﻠﻲ
ﺟﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺪودي8 ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺪودي7
اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ
دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻠﻲ21 اﻟﺒﻠﻲ24 ﺑﺘﻤﺎن
- 194زﻳﺖ
- ﻣﺎﻧﻊ9
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאאאKE6 J7F
אאאאE7–6F
ﻏﻄﺎء
ﺿﺒﻂ
اﻟﺤﻤﻞ
ﺟﻮان ﻏﻄﺎء اﻟﺠﻨﺐ
ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺘﻤﺎن
ﻋﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺮوس
- 195 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאאKE7 J7F
אאKE8 J7F
אאאא
אKE9 J7Fאאאא
Wאאאא
אאאאא K1
אא K2
K3
Wאאא
אא،אא
אאאאאאKאא
- 196 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאאא
Kאאא
ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ذراع
اﻟﻌﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺮوس
ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺮاب اﻟﺮﺑﻂ
ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺮاب
ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ذراع اﻟﺮﺑﻂ
אאאאKE9 J7F
אא
אא
- 197 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
א א אא ، Eא F א א א
،אאאאאא
EאFאא א אאא
א א א K א א
אאK
אאא
Kאא
אא
אאאאאאא
KE10 J7Fאאא
ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة
ﻋﻤﻮد ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ
ﺧﺰان اﻟﺰﻳﺖ
ﺻﻤﺎم ﺗﺤﻜﻢ
ﻋﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺮوس
اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة
اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ
- 198 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאאא אKE10 J7F
א אאאWא K1
،אא
א K
א א W אK2
אKא א
א א א אא אKא
א KE11 J7FאKאא
אא א א א ،
KE 12 J7F אKא א
א
اﻟﺨﺰان
ﺧﺰان
اﻟﺨﺰان
- 199 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
א KE11 J7F
ﻏﻄﺎء اﻟﺨﺰان
اﻟﺨﺰان
ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺧﺮاﻃﻴﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ
ﺧﺮاﻃﻴﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ
ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ
ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ
- 200 -
ﺑﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאאאאKE12 J7F
- 201 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
Wא
אאאאאא
אאאאאKאא
אא Kאאא
Kאא
Wאא
אאאאאא
אאאאא א
אא Kאאא
אאKE13 J7F
KE14 J7Fאאאא
ذراع اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ
ذراع ﺑﺘﻤﺎن
وﺻﻠﺔ آﺮوﻳﺔ
ذراع اﻟﺮﺑﻂ
ذراع اﻟﻮﺻﻞ
אאKE13 J7F
- 202 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
Wאא
א، אאא אא
אאא אאאKאא
Kאאאאא،אא
אאאא אא
אא
אאKאא א א KE 15 J7F
א ، א א א א א
אאאא
اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ ذراع
ﺗﺮس اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﻴﺐ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ
- 203 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאKE15 J7F
- 204 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאא
Wא
אאא
___________א___________________אא
Kא،،،א،אאא
א
אא
אא
אאאאא
אאא
אאא
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 205 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאא
Wא
אא
___________א___________________אא
،א،،،א،אאא
Kא
אא
EFאאאאא
EFאאאא
אא
אאא אאא א
אאא
Wא
אאאאאא
___________א___________________אא
Kא،،،א،אאא
√אא
E F א
E F ،אאאא
E F ،א
- 207 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
- 208 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאאא
Wא
א
___________א___________________אא
،א،،،א،אאא
Kא
Wאא√אאאאא
EF אאא
EF אאאאאא
E Fאאאאאאאאא
E F אא
E F אאא
E F א
E F אא
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 209 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאא
א
א
___________א___________________אא
،א،،،א،אאא
א
א
אא
אאא
- 210 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אא
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 211 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאא
Wא
אא
___________א___________________אא
،،א،،،א،אאא
Kא،אא
אאא K1
אא אK2
א K3
אאא K4
אאא K5
א K6
אא K7
אא K8
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 212 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאא
א
אא
___________א___________________אא
،،א،،،א،אאא
Kא
א
א
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 213 -
אא 162 א
אא אאא
אאא
א
א
___________א___________________אא
אא√אאא
E F אא
E F א
E F אא א
E F א
E F אאא
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 214 -
אא
אא
239
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
Tyresאא
Wאאאא
א
אאא
אא
אאא א
אאאאאא،אאאאא
א א
KEאF
אא
Wאאאא
אאא אK1
אאא אK2
אאאאאא אK3
אאאאא K4
אאאאאא K5
אאא K6
אאאאא K7
אאאאאא K8
אאא
Wא
אאאאאאא אK1
אאאאאאWאאאאא אK2
- 209 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
–אא אאE JF
Wאאא،אאא
اﻟﻤﺪاس
اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ
اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ واﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ
اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ
اﻷﻃﻮاق
ﺳﻠﻚ ﺻﻠﺐ
ﻃﻮق اﻟﺠﻨﻂ
- 210 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
KאאאאE1 J8F
- 211 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אאאאאאא
אאאאאKאאאא
אאאאאאאא4E24KKKKKKKKKKKK،8،6،4Fא
א א א א Kא א אא 8
KE2 J8Fא
ارﺗﻔﺎع
اﻹﻃﺎر
اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻺﻃﺎر
ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﻂ
ﻋﺮض اﻹﻃﺎر
- 212 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אE2 J8F
אאאאאאא
אאאאא? J?אאא
א אאא2L31,1
20א7,5אאאאאE20 J7,5F
אא2L5,83אאאK
אKא?x?אאאאא
אאאא E7x34Fא אא
אE3 J8FאK7א34א
Kא
- 213 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אE3 J8F
אאא
א א אא א
אאא،אאאאאאא
אא،אאא
- 214 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאE 4 J8Fאאא
Kאא
אאאאאE4 J8F
Wאאאאאא
אאאא K1
אא K2
א K3
אאא K4
אאא K5
Wאאא
אאא K1
אאא K2
אאא K3
אאא K4
אא K5
אK6
א K7
- 215 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא K8
א K9
Wאאא
אא K1
אאאא K2
אאא K3
א K4
אא K5
אאא K6
אא K7
א K8
אאאא K9
- 216 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
WheelsEאFאא
Wאאא
א
א
א
EאFא
אא،אא אאאא
אא ،אאא ،א
Kא אKאא א
א אא א
Kא
EאFא
WאE5 J8Fאא
אאא
אאאא
אאא
אE5 J8F
- 217 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
KאאאאאE6 J8F
- 218 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
א א א K א א E 7 J8 F
אאא אWאא Kאא
א א א א
Kאאאאא
اﻟﺼﺮة
ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻄﻮق
اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ
ﺻﺮة اﻟﺼﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ
ﻓﺘﺤﻪ اﻟﺼﺮة
ﻓﺘﺤﺎت
ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﻬﻮاء
اﻟﺼﺮة
اﻟﻄﻮق
- 219 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאE7 J8F
- 220 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אא
אא
Wא
אאאאא
KאאKאאאKא
אאאאא
Kאא
Wא
، א א א א אא א
אאאKא
Kא א א א א א
א Kאא א א E 8 J8 F
Kאאא אאאא א
א א א א א אא א
Kאאאאא
- 221 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
اﻻﻧﻔﺮاج اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎط
ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ
اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ
اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت
اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ
اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ
- 222 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאE8 J8F
- 223 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wא
E 9 J8 F א א א
E10 J8Fאאאא
E9 J8F
ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ
اﻟﺸﺎﺳﻴﺔ
ﻗﺎﻋﺪة
اﻟﻴﺎي
ﻗﺎﻋﺪة
اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ
- 224 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאE10 J8F
Wא
א א ، א א אא א
אאKE 11 J8Fאא
KאאאK
ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﺎي اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻴﺎي
ﻓﻲ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة أو اﻟﺸﺎﺳﻴﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ أوراق ﻟﻠﻴﺎي
ﺛﺎﺑﺖ
اﻟﻴﺎي ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﺎي اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺎ وﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ
ﻟﻠﻴﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﺳﻴﺔ
ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ أوراق اﻟﻴﺎي وﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ
اﻻﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ
ﻟﻠﻴﺎي
اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ
- 225 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאE12 J8F
- 226 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאא
אא
Wאא
Wאאאא
א K1
אא K2
אא K3
א K4
Wאאא
Wאאאאאאא
אא K1
אא K2
אא K3
אא אK4
א K5
- 227 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wאא
אא،אאאאא
KE13 J8Fאאאאאאא
زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﺒﺮ
אאE13 J8F
אא
אאאאא אא
א א א א אאא،
אא אאאKE 14 J8Fא
Kאא
- 228 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
اﻷﻣﺎم
אאE14 J8F
אא
א א א א א א
KE15 J8Fאאא
ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ
زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ
- 229 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאE15 J8F
Wאאאא
KE16 J8Fאאאאא
Kאאאאא
- 230 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאאEאFאאאE16 J8F
- 231 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
Wאאאא
אאאא
אאא،E17 J8Fא
اﻷﻣﺎم
אאE17 J8F
- 232 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
- 233 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאא
Wא
א
___________א___________________אא
Kא،،،א،אאא
Wאא
אא
א
א
א
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J
- 234 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאא
Wא
אא
___________א___________________אא
Kא،،،א،אאא
Wאאאאאא
K1
K2
K3
K4
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J
- 235 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאא
Wא
EאאFאאא
___________א___________________אא
،،א،،،א،אאא
Kא
אא√אא
אא
אא
אאא
- 236 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאא א
אא א
אאא א
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 237 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאאא
אאאא
___________א___________________אא
Kא،،א،אאא
א
א
אאא
אאא
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 238 -
אא 162 א
א אאא
אאא
Wא
אאאאא
___________א___________________אא
،،א،،،א،אאא
Kא
א
א
א
אא
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
- 239 -
אאא
אאא
9
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאWאא
אאאאא
W
א K1
אאא אK2
א K3
אא
אאאאאE1 J9Fא
אאאאאאאEאFאאאא
EאFאאEאאאאאאאFא
אאאE1 J0F
- 232 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאאL
،אאאאאאאאא
אאאKאאאאא
אאאאא
אאאKאאאאאא
אאאאאKאאאאאא
E1 J9Fאא
אאאאE2 J9F
- 233 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
Wא
אאאK
אאאאא
אאאאא
E3 J9Fא
אאE3 J9F
EאאאאFאאL
- 234 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאאKאאאאא
،אאאKאא
KאאאE4 J9F
אאאE4 J9F
- 235 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאאL
Wאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאא
KאאאאKאא
Wאא
אאאאאאאא
Kאאאא
אאאL א
،אאאאאאאאאא
אאאאK אאאא
אאאאאKאא،אא
אאאאאאאאאאKא
KאאאאאאKא
J9Fא،א،אא،אאאאא
KאאאאE5
- 236 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאאאE5 J9F
- 237 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אא
אאא
אאאL
אא
אאאאאאאא
אאE6 J9F
אL
אKאאא
Kאאא
- 238 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אE7 J9F
אאL
אא،אא
אאא12 J98 J9אאאא
Kאאא
E8 J9F
- 239 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
E9 J9F
- 240 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
E10 J9F
E11 J9F
E12 J9F
- 241 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אא
אאאא
אאאאאL
אאאאאאאאא א
WאאאאאאKאא
EאFאא
אא
א
א
אאא
אא
KאאאאאאE13 J9F
- 242 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאאאאאE13 J9F
אאL
Kאאאאאאא
Kאאאאאא
אאאאאא
אאE14 J9F،Kא
Kאאאאאא
אאא E14 J9 F
- 243 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אL
אKאאאא
E15 J9F،אאאאאא
- 244 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאא
אאאא
אאL
אE16 J9Fאאאאא
אאאאKאאאEF
Kאאאאא
אאאאאאE16 J9F
אKא אא אא
אאא،אאאאאא
אאאאK
- 245 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאאאKE17 J9F
אאKא
Kאאא
אאE17 J9F
אאאאL
Kאאאאאאאא K1
א K2
אאאא K3
EאאFאא אK4
אFאאא K5
KE
W
،אאאאEאFא
Kאאאאאאא
FאאאאEאFא
KE18 J9
- 246 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאא،אא
אאאאKא
KE19 J9Fא
E19 J9F E18 J9F
א
- 247 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אKאאאאא אK6
Kאאאא
Kא6– 3א K7
Kאא K8
- 248 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאאאאאL
אאאא
Kאאא K1
KאEאאFאאאא K2
W
،אאאאאאאאאא
Kאאאאאא
Wאא،א
،א،א،אא
Kא
א،אאאא K3
KE20 J9Fא
אאאאE20 J9F
- 249 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
א K4
אאKאאאE21 J9F،א K5
Kאאא،א
אאKאאKאא K6
،،EFא،EF،אא
KE22 J9F
אאאאE22 J9F
- 250 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אא
Parking Brakesאא
WאאL
אאאאא
KאאאK
،אאאאא
Kאאא
אאאא אE24 J9 F
אאאL
אKאאאאא،אא
EFKאאאא
Kאאאאאאא،א
KאאאE25 J9F،אאאאא
- 252 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאאE25 J9F
WאאאאL
אאKאא
א،א
KאאאאKאא
אאKאאאא
Kאאא، א א
אאאאאאא
KאאאאKא
- 253 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אאKאאאאאא
KE26 J9Fאאאאאא
אאאאE26 J9F
WאאאאL א
- 254 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אK
(T)אKאאKא
אKאאאא
אאאאאאאKאא
Fאאאאאאא
KE27 J9
אאאE27 J9F
אאL
אאא -1
אא،אאאאאאאא
KE28 J9Fאא
EאFאאא -2
אאאאא K
אא،א K
KE29 J9Fא
א א
אא
- 255 -
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
אE29 J9F אא E28 J9F
- 256 -
ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא
אאא
אא
אאא?אאא? K1
אאאאאא
KE1997F1418–א Jאא،א–אא
אאא?אא–א K2
K1991،7א?אLא
Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Harcourt Brace K3
College Publishers, 2nd Edition.
Birch, Thomas W., “Automotive Braking Systems”, Delmar Publishers, K4
3rd Edition, 1990.
BOSCH, “Automotive Handbook”, Robert Bosch GmbH, 3rd edition, K5
1993.
BOSCH, “Brake Systems”, Technical Instruction, Robert Bosch GmbH, K6
1995.
Chart, Check, “Automotive Brake Systems, Harper & Row, Publishers, K7
NY.
Duffy, James E., “Modern Automotive Technology”, The Goodheart- K8
Wilcox Company, Inc. , 2000.
Eichhorn, Lane- Owen, Clifton, “Automotive Brake Systems”, Today’s K9
Technician Series, Delmar, 2001.
Erjavec, Jack- Scharff, Robert, “Automotive Technology”, Delmar Pub. K10
1996.
Halderman, James D., “Automobile Brake Systems”, Prentice Hall, K11
2000.
Heisler, Heinz, “Advanced Vehicle Technology”, Edward Arnold, 1989. K12
Hillier, V.A.W., ”Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology”, Stanley K13
Thornes (Publishers) Ltd., 4th edition, 1991.
Johanson, Chris- Stockel, Martin, “Auto Brakes Technology”, The K14
Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., 2000.
Lahue, Kalton C., “Automotive Brakes and Antilock Braking Systems”, K15
West Publishing Company, 1995.
Remling, John, “Brakes”, John Wiley & Sons, New York. K16
אא ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אאא אאא
Stockel, M. W.; Stockel, M.T.; and Johanson, C., “Auto Service and K17
Repair”, The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., 1991.
- 233 -
ﺛﻘﻞ162 א
אא
אאא
א
א א
א אK1
1 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jא
א אK2
32 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jאא
א אK3
48 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jא
אא אK4
89 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jא
א אK5
122 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jאא
א אK6
152 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jאא
א אK7
191 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jאא
א אK8
210 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jאא
א אK9
233 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jאאא
253 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J Jאא