Kurdistan Technical Institute

IT/Department

First Semester

Group of B

Pi/π
Prepared by:
Sara Abdulla Ali
Hana edris
Shnyaz ako
Gashbin nasradin
Dyar baxtyar
Meer hersh

Supervised by:
Mr/Azad
2021-2022
Content:

 Definition of pi

 Introduction of Pi (π)

 A Brief History of Pi (π)

 Name of pi

 Properties

 Value

 TYPE OF NUMBER

 FORMULA

 USES

 FACTS

 Conclusion
Definition of pi
pi, in mathematics, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The
symbol π was devised by British mathematician William Jones in 1706 to
represent the ratio and was later popularized by Swiss mathematician Leonhard
Euler. Because pi is irrational (not equal to the ratio of any two whole numbers),
its digits do not repeat, and an approximation such as 3.14 or 22/7 is often used
for everyday calculations. To 39 decimal places, pi is
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197.

Introduction of Pi (π)
Pi (π) is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its
diameter, and is approximately equal to 3.14159. It has been represented by the
Greek letter "π" since the mid-18th century, though it is also sometimes written
as pi. π is an irrational number, which means that it cannot be expressed exactly
as a ratio of two integers (such as 22/7 or other fractions that are commonly used
to approximate π).

The circumference is slightly three times longer than the diameter. This ratio is
usually called pi (π).
π is commonly defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference  (C) to its diameter
(d). Hence, π = C/d. The ratio of C is to d is always π:1, regardless of the size of the
circle.
A Brief History of Pi (π)
Pi (π) has been known for almost 4000 years—but even if we calculated the
number of seconds in those 4000 years and calculated π to that number of places,
we would still only be approximating its actual value. Here’s a brief history of
finding π.
The ancient Babylonians calculated the area of a circle by taking 3 times the
square of its radius, which gave a value of pi = 3. One Babylonian tablet (ca. 1900–
1680 BC) indicates a value of 3.125 for π, which is a closer approximation.
The Rhind Papyrus (ca.1650 BC) gives us insight into the mathematics of ancient
Egypt. The Egyptians calculated the area of a circle by a formula that gave the
approximate value of 3.1605 for π.
The first calculation of π was done by Archimedes of Syracuse (287–212 BC), one
of the greatest mathematicians of the ancient world. Archimedes approximated
the area of a circle by using the Pythagorean Theorem to find the areas of two
regular polygons: the polygon inscribed within the circle and the polygon within
which the circle was circumscribed. Since the actual area of the circle lies
between the areas of the inscribed and circumscribed polygons, the areas of the
polygons gave upper and lower bounds for the area of the circle. Archimedes
knew that he had not found the value of π but only an approximation within
those limits. In this way, Archimedes showed that π is between 3 1/7 and 3 10/71.
A similar approach was used by Zu Chongzhi (429–501), a brilliant Chinese
mathematician and astronomer. Zu Chongzhi would not have been familiar with
Archimedes’ method—but because his book has been lost, little is known of his
work. He calculated the value of the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its
diameter to be 355/113. To compute this accuracy for π, he must have started
with an inscribed regular 24,576-gon and performed lengthy calculations
involving hundreds of square roots carried out to 9 decimal places.
Mathematicians began using the Greek letter π in the 1700s. Introduced by
William Jones in 1706, use of the symbol was popularized by Leonhard Euler, who
adopted it in 1737.
An eighteenth-century French mathematician named Georges Buffon devised a
way to calculate π based on probability. You can try it yourself at the
Exploratorium's Pi Toss exhibit.

Name of pi
The symbol used by mathematicians to represent the ratio of a circle's
circumference to its diameter is the Greek letter π. That letter (and therefore the
number π itself) can be denoted by the Latin word pi. In English, π is pronounced
as "pie". The lower-case letter π is not to be confused with the capital letter Π,
which denotes a product of a sequence.

Properties

The number π is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's

circumference to its diameter. The constant, sometimes written pi is
approximately equal to 3.14. It has been represented by the Greek letter "π" since
the mid-18th century. π is an irrational number, meaning that it cannot be written
as the ratio of two integers, such as 22/7 or other fractions that are commonly
used to approximate π. π goes on forever and can’t be calculated to perfect
precision; 3.1415926535897932384….. The numbers do not repeat periodically
but seems to pop up randomly. π is a transcendental number, a number that
cannot be expressed in any infinite series or algebraic operations.
Value:
Its value is fixed universally.
It is 3.14 or 22/7.
Actually the value of Pi is endless i.e.
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197
16939937510582097494459230781640628620899
86280348253421170679821480865132823066470
93844609550582231725359408128

TYPE OF NUMBER:
o Pi is an irrational number.
o It is non-terminating and repeating.
FORMULA:
Pi is commonly defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d:
The ratio C/d is constant, regardless of the circle's size. Π
USES:
π appears in formulae for areas and volumes of geometrical shapes based on
circles, such as ellipses, spheres, cones, and tori. Below are some of the more
common formulae that involve π .
The circumference of a circle with radius r is 2 π r.
The area of a circle with radius r is π r 2.
The volume of a sphere with radius r is 4/3 π r 3.
The surface area of a sphere with radius r is 4 π r 2.

FACTS:
Pi is the most recognized mathematical constant in the world. Scholars often
consider Pi the most important and intriguing number in all of mathematics.
The symbol for pi (T) has been used regularly in its mathematical sense only for
the past 250 years. In the Greek alphabet, TT (pi was) is the sixteenth letter.

Conclusion:
Pi represents one of the enduring challenges of mathematics. It took over four
thousand years of constant searching to gain the understanding of pi that
humanity has today. No matter how good people become at calculating pi, its
complete mystery has yet to unravel.
Reference:

https://www.britannica.com/science/pi-mathematics

https://www.exploratorium.edu/pi/history-of-pi

https://amazingarchimedes.weebly.com/introduction-of-pi.html\

https://www.barcodesinc.com/articles/understanding-
pi.htm#:~:text=Conclusion,mystery%20has%20yet%20to%20unravel.