Module 02: Genetics | 6135

Physical Basis of Heredity

A. MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
MITOSIS
Chromatids Chromosomes Centromeres
Prophase 92 46 46
Metaphase 92 46 46
Anaphase 92 92 92
Telophase 92 92 92
Cytokinesis 46 46 46

MEIOSIS I
Chromatids Chromosomes Centromeres
Prophase I 92 46 46
Metaphase I 92 46 46
Anaphase I 92 46 46
Telophase I 92 46 46
1st Cytokinesis 46 23 23
MEIOSIS II
Chromatids Chromosomes Centromeres
Prophase II 46 23 23
Metaphase II 46 23 23
Anaphase II 46 46 46
Telophase II 46 46 46
2nd Cytokinesis 23 23 23
B. GAMETOGENESIS
1. If 2 primary oocytes undergo meiosis cycle give the following number of each cell:

Cell type Number of cells created

Total Polar bodies 6
Ovum 2
Secondary Oocyte 2
Primary Polar Bodies 2
Secondary Polar Bodies 2
Spermatocyte 0

2. If 3 primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis cycle give the following number of each cell:

Cell type Number of cells created

Secondary Spermatocyte 6
Spermatozoa 12
Spermatids 12

3. Determine the chromosome number if 2 primary oocytes with haploid number of 4 chromosomes undergo
meiosis cycle give the following number of each cell:

Cell type Number of chromosomes

Total Polar bodies n (4) x 6
Ovum n (4) x 2

Secondary Oocyte n (4) x 2

Primary Polar Bodies n (4) x 2
Secondary Polar Bodies n (4) x 2
 Spermatocyte 0

4. Determine the chromosome number if 4 primary spermatocytes with diploid number of 20 chromosomes
undergo meiosis cycle give the following number of each cell:

Cell type Number of chromosomes

Secondary Spermatocyte n (10) x 8
Ovum 0
Spermatids n (10) x 16
Primary Polar Bodies 0
Spermatozoa n (10) x 16
Secondary Oocyte 0
POST LABORATORY QUESTIONS
A. Complete the table of comparison between mitosis and meiosis below.
CRITERIA MITOSIS MEIOSIS
Chromosome number of daughter
2n (46) n (23)
cells
Number cell divisions 1 2
Stages 4 8
Presence of synapsis Absent Present
Presence of crossing over Absent Present
Cell type that undergoes division Somatic cells Gametes
Number of daughter cells formed 2 4
DNA content at the start of
4c 4c
division
DNA content of daughter cells 2c 1c
Genetically identical cells Genetically unidentical cells
Genetic consequences
(diploid) (haploid)

B. Give the genetic content (C) and the chromosome number (n) of a diploid cell during the following phases:
MITOSIS C N
G1 2c 2n
S Phase 4c 2n
G2 Phase 4c 2n
Prophase 4c 2n
Metaphase 4c 2n
Anaphase 2c x 2 2n x 2
Telophase 2c x 2 2n x 2
Cytokinesis 2c 2n
 MEIOSIS I C N
G1 2c 2n
S Phase 4c 2n
G2 Phase 4c 2n
Prophase I 4c 2n
Metaphase I 4c 2n
Anaphase I 2c x 2 1n x 2
Telophase I 2c x 2 1n x 2
1st Cytokinesis 2c n
MEIOSIS II C N
Prophase II 2c 1n
Metaphase II 2c 1n
Anaphase II 1c x 2 1n x 2
Telophase II 1c x 2 1n x 2
2nd Cytokinesis 1c 1n