GRAMMAR QUIZ 2.2 & 2.
5 ● ANSWER KEY
Group A
2.2 Past Perfect Simple and Continuous
Exercise 1
1 had been working: We use the Past Perfect Continuous
to describe an action in progress before the main events
of a story.
2 had bought: We use the Past Perfect Simple to describe
a completed action before the main events of a story.
3 had been hoping: We use the Past Perfect Continuous to
describe an action in progress before the main events of
a story.
4 had first talked about moving: We use the Past Perfect
Simple to describe a completed action before the main
events of a story.
5 had been living there for: We use the Past Perfect
Continuous to describe an action in progress before the
main events of a story. We use for with a period of time
to indicate that an action was in progress for that
amount of time.
Exercise 2
1 (a) had already prepared: We use the Past Perfect
Simple to describe a completed action before the main
events of a story.
(b) arrived: We use the Past Simple to describe the main
events of a story.
2 (a) had: We use the Past Simple to describe the main
events of a story.
(b) had never been: We use the Past Perfect Simple to
describe a single action which happened or didn’t
happen before the main events of a story.
3 (a) got: We use the Past Simple to describe the main
events of a story.
(b) had only been dating: We use the Past Perfect
Continuous to describe an action in progress before the
main events of a story.
4 (a) had already been studying: We use the Past Perfect
Continuous to describe an action in progress before the
main events of a story.
(b) met: We use the Past Simple to describe the main
events of a story.
5 (a) lay down: We use the Past Simple to describe the
main events of a story.
(b) hadn’t been feeling: We use the Past Perfect
Continuous to describe an action in progress before the
main events of a story.
© 2016 Pearson FOCUS 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE
Group B
2.2 Past Perfect Simple and Continuous
Exercise 1
1 had never forgotten: We use the Past Perfect Simple to
describe a completed action that happened or didn’t
happen before the main events of a story.
2 had just been thinking: We use the Past Perfect
Continuous to describe an action in progress before the
main events of a story.
3 hadn’t studied: We use the Past Perfect Simple to
describe a completed action that happened or didn’t
happen before the main events of a story.
4 had texted him: We use the Past Perfect Simple to
describe a completed action before the main events of a
story.
5 had been living in London for: We use the Past Perfect
Continuous to describe an action in progress before the
main events of a story. We use for with a period of time
to indicate that an action was in progress for that
amount of time.
Exercise 2
1 (a) arrived: We use the Past Simple to describe the main
events of a story.
(b) had already been waiting: We use the Past Perfect
Continuous to describe an action in progress before the
main events of a story.
2 (a) arrived: We use the Past Simple to describe the main
events of a story.
(b) had already watched: We use the Past Perfect Simple
to describe a single action which happened or didn’t
happen before the main events of a story.
3 (a) had been looking for: We use the Past Perfect
Continuous to describe an action in progress before the
main events of a story.
(b) came across: We use the Past Simple to describe the
main events of a story.
4 (a) had revised: We use the Past Perfect Simple to
describe a completed action before the main events of a
story.
(b) felt: We use the Past Simple to describe the main
events of a story.
5 (a) wasn’t : We use the Past Simple to describe the main
events of a story.
(b) had never done: We use the Past Perfect Simple to
describe a single action which happened or didn’t
happen before the main events of a story.
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 GRAMMAR QUIZ 2.2 & 2.5 ● ANSWER KEY
Group A
2.5 Relative clauses
Exercise 1
1 which: We can use which in comment clauses to refer to
the whole of the main clause.
2 who: We use who to refer to people in non-defining
relative clauses.
3 that: We can use that to refer to people and things in
defining relative clauses.
4 whose: We can use whose in defining and non-defining
relative clauses to refer to possession.
5 who: We use who to refer to people in defining relative
clauses.
6 which: We can use which in comment clauses to refer to
the whole of the main clause.
7 that: We can use that to refer to people and things in
defining relative clauses.
Exercise 2
1 C: We can use who to refer to people in non-defining
relative clauses.
2 A: This is a correct reduced relative clause. It uses a past
participle because the verb is passive.
3 C: This is a correct reduced relative clause. It uses a past
participle because the verb is passive.
4 A: This is the correct relative clause. Whose is the
correct relative pronoun because it refers to possession.
5 B: We can use that to refer to people and things in
defining relative clauses.
6 B: This is a correct reduced relative clause. It uses a past
participle because the verb is passive.
7 C: This is a correct reduced relative clause. It uses a
present participle because the verb is active.
8 C: We use who to refer to people in non-defining relative
clauses.
© 2016 Pearson FOCUS 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE
Group B
2.5 Relative clauses
Exercise 1
1 which: We can use which in comment clauses to refer to
the whole of the main clause.
2 that: We can use that to refer to animals and things in
defining relative clauses.
3 which: We can use which to refer to animals and things
in non-defining relative clauses.
4 who: We can use who in defining and non-defining
relative clauses to refer to people.
5 which: We can use which in comment clauses to refer to
the whole of the main clause.
6 that: We can use that in defining relative clauses to refer
to people and things.
7 whose: We can use whose in relative clauses to refer to
possession.
Exercise 2
1 A: We can use which to refer to things in non-defining
relative clauses.
2 A: This is a correct relative clause. We can omit the
relative pronoun in defining relative clauses when it is
the object of the verb.
3 C: This is a correct reduced relative clause. It uses a
present participle because the verb is active.
4 A: This is the correct reduced relative clause. It uses a
past participle because the verb is passive.
5 A: This is the correct reduced relative clause. It uses a
past participle because the verb is passive.
6 B: We use which to refer to animals and things in non-
defining relative clauses.
7 B: We use whose to refer to possession in relative
clauses.
8 C: This is a correct reduced relative clause. We use a
present participle because the verb is active.
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