This document contains lecture slides from Dr. P. Parthasarathy on basic engineering thermodynamics. It discusses various thermodynamic properties and states for substances like water including: saturated liquid and vapor states, saturated liquid-vapor mixtures, superheated vapor, compressed liquid, and examples involving multiple phase changes. It also covers defining reference states and reference values for thermodynamic properties. The document appears to be from a course at the National Institute of Technology Karnataka.
This document contains lecture slides from Dr. P. Parthasarathy on basic engineering thermodynamics. It discusses various thermodynamic properties and states for substances like water including: saturated liquid and vapor states, saturated liquid-vapor mixtures, superheated vapor, compressed liquid, and examples involving multiple phase changes. It also covers defining reference states and reference values for thermodynamic properties. The document appears to be from a course at the National Institute of Technology Karnataka.
This document contains lecture slides from Dr. P. Parthasarathy on basic engineering thermodynamics. It discusses various thermodynamic properties and states for substances like water including: saturated liquid and vapor states, saturated liquid-vapor mixtures, superheated vapor, compressed liquid, and examples involving multiple phase changes. It also covers defining reference states and reference values for thermodynamic properties. The document appears to be from a course at the National Institute of Technology Karnataka.
1 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Property table
2 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Saturated liquid and vapor states examples A rigid tank contains 50 kg of saturated liquid water at 90°C. Determine the pressure in the tank and the volume of the tank.
A piston cylinder device contains 2 liters of saturated vapor at 300 kPa.
Determine the temperature and mass of the vapor inside the cylinder.
A mass of 200 g of saturated liquid water is completely vaporized at a constant
pressure of 100 kPa. Determine (a) the volume change and (b) the amount of energy added to the water.
3 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Saturated liquid-vapor mixture Quality could be one of the two intensive properties to define the state of the mixture. The properties of the saturated liquid are the same whether it exists alone or in a mixture with saturated vapor. During the vaporization process, only the amount of saturated liquid changes, not its properties Two sub system – Homogeneous Properties of the mixture are the average of the saturated liquid and vapor mixture.
4 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Saturated liquid-vapor mixture
5 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Saturated liquid-vapor mixture examples A rigid tank contains 10 kg of water at 90°C. If 8 kg of the water is in the liquid form and the rest is in the vapor form, determine (a) the pressure in the tank and (b) the volume of the tank. An 80-L vessel contains 4 kg of refrigerant-134a at a pressure of 160 kPa. Determine (a) the temperature, (b) the quality, (c) the enthalpy of the refrigerant, and (d) the volume occupied by the vapor phase.
6 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Property table
7 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Superheated vapor Single-phase region Temperature and pressure are no longer dependent properties
8 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Superheated vapor Determine the internal energy of water at 0.1 MPa and 800°C.
Determine the temperature of water at a state of P = 0.5 MPa and h = 2890
kJ/kg.
9 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Compressed Liquid or subcooled liquid Tables are not commonly used (mostly not available) The format of tables that are available are similar to the superheated tables. The change in properties of the fluid is highly dependent on temperature. The dependency on pressure is very less. With change in pressure the properties could be approximated to the saturated liquid data. Only exception is enthalpy (H = U + pV, what happens when p increases to very high value!) At low and moderate pressures the h value could be approximated to the saturated enthalpy values, but not for above moderate and high pressures.
10 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Compressed Liquid or subcooled liquid Determine the internal energy of compressed liquid water at 80°C and 5 MPa, using (a) data from the compressed liquid table and (b) saturated liquid data. What is the error involved in the second case?
11 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka An example with all phase change situations Determine the missing properties and the phase descriptions in the following table for water:
T (°C) P (Kpa) u (kJ/kg) x (-)
a 200 0.6
b 125 1600
c 1000 2950
d 75 500
e 850 0
12 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Reference State and Reference Values Internal energy, enthalpy, entropy cant be measured
The values only provide the difference from another state.
Reference state need to be fixed.
Different tables may have different reference states.
13 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering
Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka 14 Dr. P. Parthasarathy Departmant of Mechanical Engineering Basic Engineering Thermodynamics National Institute of Technology Karnataka