RVK ENERGY LTD

FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION : [Ref: TEMA 1999 - 8 th Edition]

DESIGN DATA

Average velociy of flue gas : (vg) : 8.50 m/s : 27.89 f/s

Outside dia of tube : (do) : 33.40 mm : 1.32 inch
Thickness of tube : (t) : 3.06 mm : 0.12 inch
Inside dia of tube : (di) : 27.28 mm : 1.074 inch
Root dia of tube : (dr) : 33.40 mm : 1.32 inch
Tip dia of fin : (df) : N.A mm : N.A inch
Transverse pitch of tubes : (St) : 51 mm : 2.0 inch
Longitudinal pitch of tubes : (Sl) : 51 mm : 2.0 inch
Span of tubes : (l) : 2500 mm : 98.43 inch
Average metal temp of tube : (tt) : 260 o
C : 500 o
F
Steam pressure (Tube side) : (Ps) : 45.0 kg/cm2 g : 654 psi,a
Gas pressure (Shell side) : (Pg) : 1.10 kg/cm2 a : 15.65 psi,a
Density of gas at avg temp. : ( ρg ) : 0.750 kg/m3 : 0.047 lb/ft3
Radius of bend of element : (180o) : 25.5 mm : 1.0 inch
Weight of tube : (Wt) : 2.29 kg/m : 1.54 lb/ft
Modulus of Elasticity : (E) : 1.899x106 kg/cm2 : 27.0x106 psi
Dynamic viscocity of gas : (Mg) : 2.921x10-5 kg/m2 s : 0.02921 cp
Strouhal nr : (S) : 0.30 (from fig. V-12.2A)
Effective wt of tube / unit length : (Wo) : 2.30 kg/m : lb/ft

St / do : 1.53
Sl / do : 1.53

VORTEX SHEDDING FREQUENCY (fs) :

V-4.1
f s do
S=
12 V g

f s ×1.32
0 .30 = fs = 76.06 Hz or cycles / sec.
12 ×27 . 89

Sheet 1 of 6
Natural frequency of vibration of tube (one end fixed) and other end simply supported ;
page-99, Table V-5.3 fig (2)

[ ]
1/2
A c EI
f n = 10 . 838 2
l Wo

Where ;
A = Tube axial stress multiplier
C = Constant depending on edge condition : 15.42

[ ]
1/ 2
F
A = 1+
F CR
F represents the axial load on the tube which may be assumed to be the pressure exerted
on the projected inside area of half the U-bent for each pipe.
F = 1.074 x 654 x 1.0 = 702.40 lb

2
k EI π
FCR = K = 4.49 , I= ( 1 . 324 −1 . 074 4 ) = 0 . 084 in 4
l2 64
2 6
4 . 49 ×27×10 ×0. 084
= = 4704 lb
98 . 432

[ ]
1/2
702 . 40
A = 1+ = 1. 072
4704

[ ]
1 /2
1.072×15. 42 27×106×0.084
f n=10.838× = 22.37
98.43 2 1.55
FLUID ELASTIC PARAMETERS :

144 W o S T
x=
Where ; ρ g do 2

ST = Logarthmic decrement

[ ]
1 /2
3. 41 d o 0 . 012 d o ρ g μg
S 1= = 0 . 130 S 2=
Wo f n Wo fn

= 7.98 x 10-5
ST = Larger of S1 and S2
= 0.130

Sheet 2 of 6
 144×1 .55×0 . 130
x= = 356 . 60
0 . 0467×1. 322

CRITICAL VELOCITY FACTOR D FOR TRIANGULAR PITCH :

Table V-10.1 :

0 .5
D = 2. 35 x = 2.35 x 356.60.5 = 44.38

CRITICAL VELOCITY OF GAS :

D f n do
Vc= f/s
12
44 .38×22 . 37×1 . 32
= = 109.21 f/s
12

ACCOUSTIC VIBRATION :

[ ]
1 /2
V-12.1 4 . 09 Pg r

( )
Accoustic frequency (fa) = l 0 .5
ρ 1+
g Sl S t

[ ]
1 /2
4.09 15.65×1.0
98.43
( 0.5
)
fa = = 69.05 Hz
0 .0467 1+
1.53×1.53

TURBULENT BUFFETING FREQUENCY (ftb) :

V-12.3

f tb =
12 Vg
d o Sl S t [ ( ) ]1 2
3.05 1− +0.28
St = 69.97 Hz

ACCOSTIC RESONANCE IS POSSIBLE IF ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS IS

SATISFIED AT ANY OPERATING CONDITIONS :
V-12.4 :

V-12.41 Condition 'A' Parameter :

0.8 fs < fa < 1.2 fs

Sheet 3 of 6
 60.85 < 69.05 < 91.27

Hence resonance is possible, to eliminate this, we have to provide one intermediate baffle /
Tube support.

V-12.42 Condition 'B' Parameter :

fa do (Sl - 0.5)
Vg >
6

27.89 > 15.65 Hence resonance is possible.

V-12.43 Condition 'C' Parameter :

fa do
Vg >
12 S
xo = 2 Sl = 3.06
27.89 > 25.32 and
124.13 x 1.32 x 27.89 x 0.0461
Re
S St
1−
( )
1 2
xo
> 2000
Re =

= 7306
0.02921

7214 > 2000 Hence resonance is possible.

CHECK FOR FLOW INDUCED VIBRAITON :

Critical velocity calculated is 109.21 f/s, which is far greater than Vg = 27.89 f/s, hence flow
induced vibration from gas flow is not possible.

CHECK FOR VORTEX SHEDDING :

V-11, page-114
Vortex shedding may be a problem when there is a frequency match with natural frequency of
the tube. Vibration due to vortex shedding is expected when fn < 2 fs

22.37 < 152.12

Sheet 4 of 6
V-11.2 VORTEX SHEDDING AMPLITUBE :

C L ρ g do V
g2
y vs = P/do = 1.53 , CL = 0.068
2 π 2 ST f 2Wo
n
2
0 . 068×0 .0467×1 . 32×27 . 89
Y vs = = 0 . 00164
2 ×π 2 ×0 . 130×22 . 372 ×1 .55

V-11.21 RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM AMPLITUBE :

y vs ≤ 0 . 02 d o
0 . 00164 ≤ 0 . 0264
Hence it is tolerable.

V-11.3 TURBULENT BUFFETING AMPLITUBE :

C F ρg d o V
g2 ; CF = 0.022
y tB =
8πS f Wo
T 1/ 2 n 3/ 2

0 . 022×0 . 0467×1 . 32×27 . 892

y tB = 1/2 3 /2
= 0. 00284
2× π ×0 .13 ×22. 37 ×1. 55

V-11.31 RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM AMPLITUDE :

y tB ≤ 0 . 02 d o
0 . 00284 ≤ 0 . 0264
Hence it is tolerable.

CONCLUSION :

1.0) FLUID ELASTIC INSTABILITY : Not possible

2.0) VORTEX SHEDDING : Within tolerable limits

3.9) TURBULENT BUFFELING : Within tolerable limits

Sheet 5 of 6
* 4.0) ACCOSTIC RESONANCE : Possible

* To eliminate Accostic Resonance, a intermediate tube support / Baffle is to be provided.

Calculations are redone with Intermediate tube support.

Sheet 6 of 6