UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

New Site Campus Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

MIDTERM COVERAGE

TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
- a continuing illegal activity of group of person which is primarily concerned with the
generation of profits, irrespective of national boundaries as a result of globalization.

GLOBALIZATION
- refers to the rapid development of the western culture that ultimately affects other
cultures in the world as brought by intellectual and technological advances, in
which some crimes occurring in other countries are attributed.

TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME

- is a crime perpetuated by organized criminal group which the aim of committing
one or more serious crimes or offenses in order to obtain directly or indirectly, a
financial or other material benefits committed through crossing of borders or
jurisdictions

HISTORICAL TYPES OF TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES

SLAVERY
The submission to a dominating influence or the state of a person who is a chattel
of another. This has been apparent during those times when there are no proper
government systems where the existing rule is rule by the strong.

OPIUM (other illegal drugs) SMUGGLING as HISTORICAL TRANSNATIONAL

CRIMES

Smuggling – the act of conveying or introducing surreptitiously or to import

export secretly contrary to law and especially without paying duties imposed by law.
Opium – bitter brownish addictive narcotic drug that consist of the dried juice of
the opium poppy.

MODERN TYPES OF TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES:

1. Terrorism as a modern transnational crime

Global Terrorism as Transnational Crime

- Terrorism is a crime, consisting of an intentional act of political violence to create

an atmosphere of fear. Terrorists use violence to make a political statement about
a government or policy with which they disagree. The victim may be symbolic or
random, but the act itself is always political. Acts of terrorism are premeditated by
 their perpetrators and are conspiratorial in nature. It is by generating fear the
terrorist hopes to motivate the public, group or government to make changes
whereby the goals of the terrorist might be realized.

2. Illicit Trafficking

Antiques – are cultural assets of a certain country which portrays or symbolizes

the traditions of such country. These are invaluable treasures that cannot be transferred
or taken out from the owner country.

3. Computer crimes (this topic will be discussed thoroughly in chapter 3)

This is one of the most modern crimes as an after effect of modernization, though
the creator of computer never had appeared in his mind that the equipment he is giving
into the world will be used as an instrument to crime.

4. Transnational Environmental Crimes

Environmental crime is inherently transnational, despite their transnational

character; most cross-border environmental harms are not defined as crimes or regulatory
violations. But attempts to do so are frequently confounded by legal system rooted in
national sovereignty and, thus, ill suited to address transborder injuries.

5. Drug Trafficking as Transnational Crime

One of the most typical forms of transnational crime is the illegal movement, across
one or more national frontiers of psychoactive substance controlled under three
instruments of international law known as the drug control conventions.
6. Trafficking in People as Transnational Crime

This is a very broad category, encompassing everything from illegal immigration to

international prostitution, slavery, and child pornography.