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LEARNING MODULE IN UNDERSTANDING

CULTURE , SOCIETY & POLITICS
GRADE 11 HUMSS/ABM/STEM
2ND SEM 4TH QUARTER ,
WEEK 2 MODULE NO. 2
FUNCTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY
TITLE
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Examine the functions and importance of education in the society.

OVERVIEW / TO DO LISTS
LEARNER – In this module, students are going also to look into how education functions in our society, thus,
after going through this module you are expected to examine the functions and importance of education in
the society.
FACILITATOR – Please facilitate your child upon answering or completing this module. Let them do the task
independently.
INTRODUCTION TO THE LESSON
Education is the most crucial aspect of society. Why? It is for the reason that when it given great
attention it will become the powerful tool to make every individual the catalyst of change, a change than can
make the society progressive and functional. Society and every individual should work hand in hand so that no
one would be set aside and become outdated knowing that we are now living in a highly modernized society.
In order to achieve that, everyone should be aware on the functions of education in the society.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
a.Trace and describe the educational system of the Philippines;
b.Give the functions and importance of education in the society;
c. and evaluate how education functions and affects society.
WHAT I KNOW
Identification.
Identify what is being asked. Write your answer after the question .

1. He proposed the theory of hierarchy of needs.

2. What is the letter E in the acronym of UNESCO stands for?
3. What is the starting level under K to 12 the basic education?
4. Primary education is considered a human ___________.
5. Type of education that enables a student to learn skills and knowledge through structured learning
experiences.

LESSON PROPER
Education is the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge,
including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values (Macionis, 2012). Education is the acquisition of
knowledge, habits, skills, and abilities through instruction and training or through self-activity. It is systematic
training of the moral and intellectual faculties of the mind. It is the process of transmitting to the young, the
vital cultural heritage of a group.
Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education, commonly referred to
as the DepEd. It controls the Philippine educational system, including the creation and implementation of the
curriculum and the utilization of funds allotted by the national government. It also manages the construction
of schools, acquisition of books and other school materials, and the recruitment of teachers and staff. Before
the Philippines attained independence in 1946, the country’s education system was patterned after the
educational systems of Spain and the United States. The Philippines, with exemption to other parts of the
country, were under Spanish rule for more than three hundred years while the Americans stayed for twenty
two years. Spanish and the United States brought educational practices, which reflected their culture and
ideologies. During the Spanish time, the function of education was inculcated moral and religious values.
Religion was the core curriculum, and the schools were used to spread Christianity. It mainly served the upper

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classes; thus, education symbolized “social standing and prestige.” The educated class consisted mostly of
ilustrados. When the Americans came, education was focused on the development of new social patterns that
would prepare the nation for a self-governing democracy. Public institution was institutionalized to give every
person the education needed to participate in a selfgoverning democracy. The medium of instruction was
English. However, after independence, the country’s educational system changed radically. Today, the
government of the Philippines has been very active in tapping the educational system for the country’s
development efforts. With the adaptation of the K to 12 programs, it is hoped that Philippine Educational
System is now responding to the demands of the economy for national development. Types of Education In
general, there are three types of education, these are: 1. Formal education This refers to the hierarchically
structured, chronologically graded educational system from primary school to the university, including
programs and institutions for full time technical and vocational training. At the end of each level, the learners
must obtain certification in order to enter or advance to the next level. Formal education shall correspond to
the following levels in basic education: a. Elementary Education Elementary education involves compulsory,
formal education primarily concerned with providing basic education, and usually corresponds to a traditional
six grades or seven grades, and in addition, to preschool programs. Such preschool education normally
consists of kindergarten schooling but may cover other preparatory courses as well. At the basic education
level, the Department of Education (DepEd) sets overall educational standards and mandates standardized
tests for the K to 12 basic education system, although private schools are generally free to determine their
own curriculum in accordance with existing laws and Department regulations. b. Secondary Education
Secondary education, public schools and private schools, is concerned primarily with continuing basic
education of the elementary level and expanding it to include the learning of employable, gainful skills, usually
corresponding to four years of junior high school and two years of senior high school. c. Tertiary Education
Institutions of higher education may be classified as either public or private college or university, and public
institutions of higher education may further be subdivided into two types: state universities and colleges and
local colleges and universities. Most institutions of higher learning are regulated by the Commission of Higher
Education (CHED). Colleges typically offer 1 or more specialized programs while universities must offer at least
8 or more different undergraduate degree programs in a wide array of subjects and at least 2 or more
graduate programs. Public universities are all non-sectarian and offer a wide-range of programs, with English
as medium of instruction. Public universities are government funded, with the largest, the University of the
Philippines, receiving a substantial amount from the annual budget. There are also several private tertiary
institutions, sectarian or non-sectarian as well as for profit or not-for-profit. 2. Non-formal education It refers
to any organized educational activity outside the established formal system to provide selected types of
learning to a segment of the population. As a concept, non-formal education emerged in response to the
world crisis in education identified by Philip H. Coombs in 1967, who argued that the formal education system
have failed to address the changing dynamics of the environment and the societies. The skills that are needed
to foster economic development are lacking due to untrained labor force that is not able to access formal
education. Non-formal education enables a student to learn skills and knowledge through structured learning
experiences. A student learns his/her values, principles, and beliefs and undergoes lifelong learning. Example:
Vocational Education Accredited private institutions offer technical and vocational education. Programs
offered vary in duration from a few weeks to two years. On completion students may take centrally-
administered examinations to obtain their diploma or certificate. Vocational colleges do not usually require an
entrance examination. Only a record of high school educational and an enrolment fee are required. 3.
Informal education It is a lifelong process whereby every individual acquires from daily experiences, attitudes,
values, facts, skills, and knowledge or motor skill from resources in his or her higher environment. It offers
alternative learning opportunities for the out of school youth and adults specifically those who are 15 years
old and above and unable to avail themselves of the educational services and programs of formal education. It
reaches out to citizens of varied interests, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic origins and status.
Its primary objective is to provide literacy programs to eradicate illiteracy. Special Education refers to the
education of persons who are physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or culturally different from so called
“normal” individuals, such that they require modification of school practices to develop their potential. Special
education provides distinct services, curricula, and instructional materials geared to pupils or students who are
significantly higher or lower than the average or norm. SPED aims to develop the maximums potential of the
child with the special needs to enable him/her to become self-reliant and take advantage of the opportunities
for a full and happy life. Functions of Education in the Society As British sociologist Herbert Spencer explains,
functions are important to be performed as they make the society whole. If each function is working well,
society attains progress. He lays down the functions of education as follows: 1. Productive Citizenry Education
systems enable citizens to be productive members of a society, as they are equipped with knowledge and skills
that could contribute to the development of their society’s systems and institutions. This highlights the

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importance of formal and non-formal education in the development of oneself and the society.
Consequentially, it is crucial for educational systems to adapt to the changing demands of the environment to
efficiently capacitate individuals. Being a productive citizen requires critical thinking. One must have the ability
to understand his or her duties and be able to respond to them by making decisions. Through education,
individuals are introduced to concepts concerning democracy, power, inequality, and the like. This promotes
greater awareness in his or her society. It encourages vigilance and participation. Educational attainment does
not only contribute to the individual’s success but also to the betterment of his or her environment. 2. Self-
actualization Education develops one’s sense of self. As a huge part of the discovery process of oneself,
education encourages having the vision to become self-actualized. Moreover, it enables one to see your
strengths and maintain them. It enables one to determine weakness and adjust to them. This helps one reach
full potential and establish oneself as a whole. According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization is the highest
form of human need. It was defined as “to become more and more what one is, to become everything that
one is capable of becoming.” The concept of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is once that level is fulfilled the next
level up is what motivates us, and so on.
1. Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter,
clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally.
2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.
3. Love and belongingness needs -the need for interpersonal relationships motivates behaviour Examples
include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being
part of a group (family, friends, work).
4. Esteem needs - which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement,
mastery, and independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).
Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for children and adolescents and
precedes real selfesteem or dignity.
5. Self-actualization needs - realizing personal potential, selffulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak
experiences.
However, through education, humans are empowered to experience and learn their true capacities that lead
to self-actualization. Humans also tend to find boundless enthusiasm in learning outside the classroom, which
is basically through experience. With this, it becomes easier for them to socialize, to identify a career path, to
create self-identity, and the like. They will tend to have the ability to analyze, evaluate, and decide on their
own. To others, education takes place both in and outside schools. It functions to preserve and transmit the
culture. It is, as Durkheim wrote: “the means by which society perpetually recreates the conditions of its very
existence.” Defined in the most general sense, education can occur anywhere, in any setting, through any
experience. Thus broadly conceived, education has the same meaning as socialization, the internalization of
culture, and learning human behavior. Whether it takes place in or outside of the school system, education is
of two kinds, formal and informal. Formal education is imparted by direct instruction. Informal education
comes about indirectly, the learner often unaware that he is having a learning experience. The primary
function of education is the socialization of the new members of the society. The late president Ramon
Magsaysay aptly observed that “education is the greatest equalizer of opportunities” for everybody. Other
most important objectives of education are: 1) Teaching basic skills, such as reading, writing, and arithmetic.
2) Helping children develop skills in abstracting thinking and problem solving. 3) Transmitting the cultural
heritage, from which individual may develop an appreciation of their society. 4) Communicating to children
the basic value of the society. 5) Teaching the special aspects of the culture, such as art, music, literature,
drama, science, technology, and sports. 6) Teaching vocational skills that help individuals enter the job market.
7) Training citizens for life within the political system of their society. 8) Preparing children to live long and
form meaningful relationship with other human beings. Primary Education as a Human Right Primary
education is essential in the early stages of human life. Humans need education to enable them to adapt to
the dictates of their society. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
declare that education is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights. It
promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits. Yet millions of
children and adults remain deprived of educational opportunities, many as a result of poverty.”
www.shsph.blogspot.com 8 Normative instruments of the United Nations and UNESCO lay down international
legal obligations for the right to education. These instruments promote and develop the right of every person
to enjoy access to education of good quality, without discrimination or exclusion. These instruments bear
witness to the great importance that Member States and the international community attach to normative
action for realizing the right to education. It is for government to fulfil their obligations both legal and political
in regard to providing education for all of good quality and to implement and monitor more effectively
strategies. Education is a powerful tool by which economically and socially marginalized adults and children

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can lift themselves out of poverty and participate fully as citizens. Although the UN is such powerful global
actor that can mandate its member to follow its structure, education deprivation still persists in most
societies. This exclusion is socially constructed in unequal settings. Formal education suggests studying in a
school or university where everything is systematic. A teacher or professor explains, while a student listens
and understands. For that, the student pays the teacher. The last relates primarily to the struggles between
social classes. Formal education, in particular tries to keep pace with the changes in the economy, as can be
observed in the constant tuition fee increases in institutions of higher learning. The issue on education taps
economical aspect of the society, as classism stands as a barrier to the social development of humans. This
also digs on the impact of social inequality, as a systematic oppression lies especially on the lower class. They
experience discrepancies in educational opportunities due to financial problems.

WHAT I LEARNED
I.Direction : Focusing on the roles or functions of education in the national development, give at least 5
specific ways on how education can provide quality life to an individual and to the society as a whole.

Individual Society
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
II.Direction : Give specific scenarios/examples/ways on how education helps an individual to attain its need on each
hierarchy given below. You will be guided by answering the questions below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
How education helps in attaining self
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LEARNING SHEET
Name:__________________________________________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ___________________________________________________Date:________________

From all your answers in the activities and your new acquired knowledge about education, think on how
education create barriers or inequalities among the members of the society making it difficult for the others to
attain a quality state of living. From that, make a slogan that promotes quality primary education for all. Use
any writing and coloring materials available.

RUBRIC for the Slogan

Category
Creativity The slogan is exceptionally attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness. 20 points
Content - Accuracy Accurate reasons are displayed on the slogan. 20 points

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Slogan is catchy and supports the idea of the importance of education. 15 points
55 overall

REFLECTION
Can education really shape the nation’s advancement? What can it do and what is its role in the society?

RESOURCES
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE , SOCIETY AND POLITICS
The Padayon Series
Antonio P. Contretas, PhD
Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz , PhD
Dennis S. Erasga , PhD
Cecile C. Fabrigon , PhD Cand.
Project Coordinator : Ronald B. Mactal , PhD
file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/UCSP%20Module%208.pdf

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