𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡 𝐹𝑘 = (𝜇𝑘 )(𝐹𝑁 )

1 𝐹𝑁𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹𝑎𝑝𝑝 − 𝐹𝑘 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥

∆𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
= 𝐹𝑎𝑝𝑝 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) − (𝜇𝑘 )(𝐹𝑁 )
𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 2𝑎∆𝑥
= 𝐹𝑎𝑝𝑝 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) − (𝜇𝑘 )(𝑚𝑔 − 𝐹𝑎𝑝𝑝 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
____________________________________
________________________
𝛴𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎
Note: 0 ≤ 𝐹𝑠 ≤ 𝐹𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑛
1 N = 1 kg m/s2
𝜇 𝑘 < 𝜇𝑠
= 0.225 lbs
1 dyne = g cm/s2
Solving for 𝜇𝑘 of an object and a surface
without mass, given that it stopped:
𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐹𝑔 = 𝐺 𝑚𝑎 = Σ𝐹 = −𝐹𝑘 = −𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔
𝑟2
G = 6.673x10-11 N m2/kg2 𝑚𝑎 = −𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔
𝑚𝑎
𝑤 = 𝑚𝑔 𝜇𝑘 = −
−𝑚𝑔
(𝑀𝑒)(𝑚) 𝑎
𝑤=𝐺 𝜇𝑘 = −
𝑟2 𝑔
𝑚
𝑔=𝐺 2 ________________________
𝑟
Constants: 𝑊 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑑

𝑟𝐸 𝑡𝑜 𝑀 = 3.84 × 108 𝑚 = 1 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 = 1 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 = 1 𝑘𝑔 𝑚2 /𝑠 2

𝑟𝐸 = 6.38 × 106 𝑚 𝑊 = (𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑑

𝑀𝐸 = 5.98 × 1024 𝑘𝑔 𝑊 = (𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔)𝑑 [work by friction]

1 1
𝑀𝑀 = 7.36 × 1022 𝑘𝑔 𝑊 = ∆𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓2 − 2 𝑚𝑣𝑖2
2
𝑀𝑠 = 1.99 × 1030 𝑘𝑔 1
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
____________________________________ 2
𝑃𝐸 = 𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
𝐹𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 [against gravity]
𝐹𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 − 𝐹𝑎(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)* [with applied force]
𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝐹𝑁 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 + 𝑚𝑔* [accelerating upwards] 1
𝑚𝑔ℎ + 𝑚𝑣 2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝐹𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)* [on a slope] 2
𝐹𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑚𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 )* [on a slope] Energy is conserved when:
1 1
𝑚𝑔ℎ𝑖 + 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑖 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ𝑓 + 𝑚𝑣 2𝑓
2 2
 𝑊 Elastic (p & KE conserved)
𝑃= = 𝐹𝑣⃗
𝑡
𝑚1 𝑣1𝑖 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑖 = 𝑚1 𝑣1𝑓 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑓
P = 1 Watt = 1 J/s
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
550 ft lb/s = 1 hp 𝑚1 𝑣1𝑖 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑖 = 𝑚1 𝑣1𝑓 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑓
2 2 2 2
1 hp = 746 Watts 𝑣1𝑖 + 𝑣1𝑓 = 𝑣2𝑖 + 𝑣2𝑓
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𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣
∆𝑣 ∆𝑝 𝑚1 𝑥1 + 𝑚2 𝑥2 + 𝑚3 𝑥3 …
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚 = 𝑋𝑐𝑚 =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 + 𝑚3 …
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 0 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝐼 = 𝐹∆𝑡 = ∆𝑝 = ∆𝑚𝑣𝑓 − ∆𝑚𝑣𝑖 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

____________________________________
Conservation of momentum:
𝑝𝑖 = 𝑝𝑓
𝑚1 𝑣1𝑖 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑖 = 𝑚1 𝑣1𝑓 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑓
________________________
If the object moves to a particular angle,
add: 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

Perfectly Inelastic (p conserved, same vf)

𝑚1 𝑣1𝑖 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑖 = (𝑚1 + 𝑚2 )𝑣𝑓

Inelastic (p conserved)
𝑚1 𝑣1𝑖 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑖 = 𝑚1 𝑣1𝑓 + 𝑚2 𝑣2𝑓