Module 8 Pumps For Water Supply

PLUMBING FUNDAMENTALS
MODULE 8
PUMPS FOR WATER SUPPLY
ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 1

Civil Engineer, Master Plumber, Materials
Engineer, Safety Officer
Bachelor of Laws
What is a Pump?
In about 120 BC someone, probably the Greek mathematician Ctesibius,
invented the first force pump. It had 2 cylinders with single acting pistons,
connected to a single beam so that they delivered an almost continuous
stream of water.
 Pump – is an equipment used to transfer fluid from a

region of low pressure to another region at same or
higher pressure. (PSME Code 1993)
 Pump – A device or machine that compresses and/or

transports fluids usually by pressure or suction, or both;
may be used to remove water from a construction site or
to convey water from one elevation to another. (Harris,
C.M.; Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, 1975)

Bachelor of Laws
What are the different classifications
of pumps?
 The different classifications of pumps are categorized as
follows:
1. As to Operating Principle
2. As to Casing Design
3. As to Mounting
4. As to Connection with Driver
(Motor or Engine)
5. As to Construction Materials

Bachelor of Laws
Classification of Pumps as to
Operating Principle:
 1. Centrifugal Type  3. Turbine Type
a. Radial Flow a. Axial Flow
b. Axial Flow b. Mixed Flow
c. Mixed Flow
 2. Positive Displacement
Type
a. Reciprocating Piston
b. Reciprocating Plunger
c. Rotary Blades
d. Rotary Roots
e. Screw Types
f. Gear
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 Classification of Pumps as
to Casing Design:
1. Horizontal Split Case
2. Vertical Split Case
3. Submerged
Horizontal Split Case

 Classification of Pumps as
to Mounting:
1. Base Mounted
2. In – line Mounted
Vertical Split Case
Submerged
In – line Mounted
Base Mounted

Bachelor of Laws
 Classification of Pumps as to
Connection with Driver:
1. Flexible Coupled
2. Case Coupled
3. Belt Driven
MOTOR
IMPELLER
 Classification of Pump as to
Construction Materials: PUMP
1. Cast Iron
2. Stainless Steel Case Coupled
3. Bronze
4. Concrete
5. Plastic
6. Fiberglass
Belt Driven
Bachelor of Laws
What are the Classifications of
Pumps?

Bachelor of Laws
Pumps are generally referred to according to their
principle of action, manner of construction or
method of operation.
 Centrifugal Pump – (Built by Osborne Reynolds, 1875) A vane or

impeller rotate inside a close-fitting case, draw in liquid at the center and,
by virtue of centrifugal force, throw liquid out through an opening in the
periphery of the case.
1. The higher the speed of rotation, the greater the volume that can be
pumped or the greater the head that can be generated.
2. The recommended suction lift is 4.5 meters and should not exceed 6
meters. Therefore, if the well water depth is 6 meters or less, use
centrifugal pump
3. A centrifugal pump cannot operate unless the pump casing is full of
water. For the pump to begin developing a suction at the eye of the
pump, the case will have to be filled with water or “primed”.
4. Care must be taken to ensure that air is not present in the casing and
whenever possible the suction should be of the positive or “flooded” type.

Bachelor of Laws
Centrifugal Pump:

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What is a Submersible Pump?
 Submersible
Pump – is basically a
centrifugal pump
complete with electric
motors which are
positioned underwater
in a suitable bored
hole that delivers the
water to the surface.

Bachelor of Laws
What are the important considerations for
accurate Submersible Pump selection?
 Well Diameter – indicates the size of
the pump to be installed.  Pump Capacity – volume rate of flow
 Well Depth – indicates the Static Water expressed in cubic meters per hour or liters
Level, the vertical distance from the surface per second to be produced by the pump.
(Datum Line) to the water level when no  Pump Setting – the nominal vertical
water is being pump. distance (in meters) from Datum to the
 Pumping Water Level – the vertical discharge pipe connection at the pump.
distance from the Datum Line to the water  Water Composition – make-up of the
level when specified capacity is being water to be pumped.
pumped. During the pumping test, Pumping
Water Level is the depth of water when the  Type of Drive – the specification of the
amount of water withdrawn from the well & available power source (single phase or 3
the amount of replenishment of water to the phase)
well is equal.  Allowable Motor Overload –
 Drawdown – the vertical distance or the percentage of rated motor main plate power
difference between the Pumping Water (in kilowatts or horsepower) that will be
Level and the Static Water Level. permitted to be used.
 Head above Datum – indicates the
Total Discharge Head (Static plus Friction)
between Datum line & point of
measurement.

Bachelor of Laws
Submersible Pump:
Discharge Pipe
Well Depth
Well Diameter
Pump Setting
Drawdown
Submersible Pump

Bachelor of Laws
Positive Displacement Pumps:
Reciprocating and Rotary
 Reciprocating Pump – A pump which operates with a to and fro
motion. The different types of Reciprocating Pump are:
1. Lift Pump – The simplest of the reciprocating pump and consists of a
piston moving up and down in a cylinder or barrel.
A Lift Pump cannot be used to raise water above 7.50 to 8.50 meter at
normal atmospheric pressure (101 kPa) due to:
a. Loss of efficiency in the pump
b. Friction in the intake pipe
c. Impossible to obtain a perfect vacuum
2. Piston or Plunger Pump – A plunger is driven backwards &
forwards, or up & down by a mechanical working head.
3. Deep – well Piston Pump – When water is more than 7.50 meters
below the ground, it is virtually necessary to place the pump in or near the
water in the well and pump from there. Water is forced up the drop pipe and
out into the delivery pipe.

Bachelor of Laws
START OF UPSTROKE
A LIFT PUMP / HAND PUMP
FOLLOWING NEXT UPSTROKE

DOWNSTROKE
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The Working Cycle of a Piston Pump

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A Deep Well Piston Pump
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What is a Diaphragm Pump?
 A Diaphragm Pump is a displacement pump in which a flexible diaphragm
replaces the piston in other displacement pumps. The diaphragm is of
leather or heavy – gauge rubber. The upward movement of the diaphragm
has the same effect as the upward movement of the piston; the outlet valve
closes & the inlet valve opens & admits water. The downward movement of
the diaphragm causes the inlet valve to close & water is forced into the
discharge pipe.

Bachelor of Laws
What is a Rotary Pump?
 A Rotary Pump is used primarily as a source of fluid power in hydraulic
system. It continuously scoops the liquid from the pump chamber.
 It is classified with respect to the impelling element as:
1. Gear Type
2. Vane Type
3. Piston Type

Bachelor of Laws
What is a Jet Pump?
 A Jet Pump is a pump consisting
revolving impeller in the pump
housing which forces water down
a pressure line to an ejector
assembly below water level. This
ejector consists of a nozzle which
discharges the water into a
constricted throat. This throat
leads from a suction pipe. This
arrangement permits energy of a
high pressure fluid to be converted
into a high velocity fluid.

Bachelor of Laws
What is a Hydraulic Ram or Ram
Pump?
 Hydraulic Ram uses the energy
of falling water to raise a smaller
quantity of water to greater
heights. It is a pump in which the
power generated from flowing in
an enclosed pipe is used to raise
part of the water to a height above
that from which the flow began.

Bachelor of Laws
What is the Pump Performance
Curve?
 The characteristic curve of a
pump describes the factors
that affect its performance.
They are usually expressed
graphically with the rate of
discharge (Q) as abscissa &
other factors plotted as
ordinates, such as the Head
(H), & the Net Positive
Suction Head (NPSH). All
pump manufacturers supply
performance characteristic
curves for their pumps which
indicate how the pump
capacity varies with
discharge pressure or Source: IBARRA
PUMPS
suction pressure.
Sample of Pump Performance Curve
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Source: GRUNDFOS

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Duty Point & Pump Efficiency
Source: GRUNDFOS

Bachelor of Laws
How do we select the type of pump to be
used?
PUMP DEPTH OF WELL
CAPACITY
0 to 8.00 m 8.00 to 18.00 to 27.00 to 46.00 m and
18.00 m 27.00 m 46.00 m over
Submersible Submersible Submersible JetPump JetPump
1,136 to Pump Pump Pump Deep Well Deep Well
2,271 LPH Jet Pump Jet Pump Jet Pump Reciprocating Reciprocating
(300 – 600 GPH) Pump Pump
Piston Pump Deep Well Deep Well
Reciprocating Reciprocating Submersible Submersible
Pump Pump Pump Pump
Submersible Submersible Submersible Submersible Submersible

2,271 to Pump Pump Pump Pump Pump
4,542 LPH Jet Pump Jet Pump Jet Pump Jet Pump Jet Pump
(600 – 1200 GPH)
Plunger Pump
Submersible Submersible Submersible Submersible Submersible

Over 4,542 Pump Pump Pump Pump Pump
LPH Jet Pump Jet Pump Jet Pump
(over 1200 GPH)
Plunger Pump
Pump Selection “Rule of Thumb”: 1. If the well water depth is 6 meters or less, use Centrifugal Pump.
2. If the well water depth is 6 to 20 meters, use Jet Pump.
3. If the well water depth is more than 20 meters, use Submersible Pump or
Vertical Line Shaft Turbine Pumps.
Bachelor of Laws
END OF MODULE 8

Bachelor of Laws

Module 8 Pumps For Water Supply

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PLUMBING FUNDAMENTALS

PUMPS FOR WATER SUPPLY

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 1

 Pump – is an equipment used to transfer fluid from a

 Pump – A device or machine that compresses and/or

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 2

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 3

Horizontal Split Case

Vertical Split Case

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 5

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 7

 Centrifugal Pump – (Built by Osborne Reynolds, 1875) A vane or

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 8

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 9

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 10

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 11

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 12

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 13

A LIFT PUMP / HAND PUMP

FOLLOWING NEXT UPSTROKE

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 15

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 17

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 18

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 19

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 20

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 22

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 23

Submersible Submersible Submersible Submersible Submersible

Submersible Submersible Submersible Submersible Submersible

ENGR. RICHARD D. FALLEGA 25

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