No Bibliography Major Themes/ Method Major Finding/

. (APA Format) Objectives/ Variables Conclusion Recommendati

Research on
Questions
1 Hatmoko To distinguish Failure of Data The results The results of
J.U.D., Setiadji, road pavement concrete Collection, showed that this study show
B.H., and failure causal pavements / Calculation many factors that un-
Wibowo, M.A. factors into Cracks on of involved in functional
(2019). MATEC category of concrete Pavement causing the drainage
Web of natural disaster roads Condition failure of the channels,
Conferences or human Index) PCI road, such as uncontrolled
258, 0 negligence and Surface un-functional overload due
factors in Distress drainage to the
https:// accordance Index (SDI) channel, closing of
www.matec- with the values, uncontrolled weighbridge
conferences.or definition of Calculation overload due to stations around
g/articles/ building failure of the the road, and
matecconf/ in Indonesia Pavement closing of weigh also low quality
abs/ Law no. 2 year Serviceabilit stations around of road
2019/07/ 2017. To y Index (PSI) the road, and maintenance
matecconf_sce develop based on also low quality work
scm2019_0200 methods for PCI and SDI of road altogether are
7/ assessing the values maintenance the factors that
matecconf_sce damage and work so that cause road
scm2019_0200 failure of repeating damage.
7.html pavement as a similar road
tool of rapid damages
and accurate occurred in the
decision- not-too-distant
making system future. Based on
to determine functional and
the factors of structural failure
pavement analysis, as
failure. much as 71%,
10% and 19% of
the road were in
failed, critical
and not-failed
conditions,
respectively.
2 Niken, C., To identify the Cracks on Experiment Open traffic Materials
Siswanto, Y., causes of concrete al and makes hydration conditions are
Tjahjono, W & cracks in an roads Comparison process occur similar to the
E., (2017). open traffic to previous under vibration; mix design
Cracking of conrete road research therefore, fresh condition. Sub
open traffic concrete was grade/sub base
rigid compressed and should in
pavement . tensioned stable
MATEC Web of alternately since condition. If
Conferences, beginning. High the sub base/
05009 temperature sub grade is
together with lean concrete,
https:// compression, lean concrete
www.matec- cement should free of
conferences.or dissociation, the cracks. If the
g/articles/ growth of Ca2+ lean concrete
matecconf/ at very early age cracks, it is
pdf/2017/15/ leads abnormal necessary to
matecconf_sice swelling. No recover the
st2017_05009. prevention from cracks before
pdf outside water casting the
movement leads rigid
hydration pavement.
process occur Lean concrete
with limited should be
water which strong enough
caused spreads to sustain the
fine cracks. rigid
Limited water pavement.
improves Surrounding
shrinkage and weather with
plastic phase high humidity
becomes (evening) is
shorter; better time to
therefore, rigid cast.
pavement can’t 6. All of molds
accommodate should be
the abnormal covered with
swelling and an
shrinking impermeable
alternately and sheet. Planning
creates the of cast should
spread of consider:
cracks. material and
Discontinuing equipment
casting the readiness,
concrete makes anticipation in
both mix under change of
different weather and
condition, the location of
first is shrink discharge
and the second casting. Casting
is swell and should be done
creates weak continuously.
line on the Cover all of
border; so, the surface right
 cracks appear as after casting by
cracks across an
the road. impermeable
sheet. Cover all
of surface right
after casting by
an
impermeable
sheet and wet
sacks if the
rigid pavement
is cast with the
open traffic
system. Cover
the stiff base
layer with a
damper sheet.
3 Sharma, A. K. To identify the Cracks on Data Many type of Cracks can be
(2019) Cracks causes of concrete collection cracks such as prevented or
in Pavement cracks on roads / uncontrolled minimized by
Quality concrete Remedies transverse full making aware
Concrete (PQC) pavement and depth cracks, the site staff
- Causes and their remedies plastic shrinkage about the
Remedies. cracks, full precautions to
International depth cracks be taken
Advanced near slab during
Research culverts, cracks concrete
Journal in over dowel bars paving. Due
Science, etc. have been care during
Engineering observed on the construction
and concrete road can reduce the
Technology projects troubles which
Vol. 6, Issue 10, completed. The otherwise
O presence of would be very
boulders in difficult and
https:// subgrade costly to
iarjset.com/ material should remove after
wp-content/ not be more the concrete
uploads/ than 75mm or has set. Repairs
2019/11/ 1/3 of layer of cracks are
IARJSET.2019.6 thickness, to carried out
1007.pdf avoid the within the
chances of panel. Staple
settlements. The pin and cross
presence of any bar stitching
foreign/organic helps in
materials in arresting the
subgrade should cracks and
 not be allowed. avoid further
deterioration
of the panel.
The
compaction for
formation,
subgrade and
sub-base
should be
strictly asper
specifications.
The sealing of
all kind of
cracks in PQC
must be done
instantly with
approved
material to
avoid/arrest
the
further
development
the sub-base.
to the full
depth and redo
the concreting
after removing
the old
concrete.
4 Roesler, J., To determine Premature Literature The field Follow IDOT’s
Montemayor, the extent of cracking in Review/ surveys of current slab
R., DeSantis, J., premature urban Field existing geometry
Gupta, P. cracking on concrete Survey/ concrete recommendati
(2021). urban JPCP pavement Ultrasonic pavements ons: pavement
Evaluation of sections in Evaluation revealed a sections with
Premature Illinois and the variety of slab slab
Cracking in plausible geometries (slab thicknesses
Urban mechanisms length and less than 10 in.
Concrete causing width). Based should have a
Pavement. premature on the maximum slab
CIVIL cracking as well distressed length of 12 ft,
ENGINEERING as recommend sections and while sections
STUDIES solutions to slab thicknesses with slab
Illinois Center minimize its between 8 and thicknesses
for future 10 in., long greater than or
Transportation occurrence. panels (e.g., equal to 10 in.
Series No. 21- greater than a should have a
001 length of 20 ft) maximum slab
UILU-ENG- and wide panels length of 15 ft.
2021-2001 (e.g., greater Slab width
ISSN: 0197- than a width of should not
9191 12 ft) were most exceed 12 ft for
susceptible to slab
https:// premature thicknesses
www.ideals.illi transverse and less than 10 in.
nois.edu/ longitudinal Follow updated
handle/ cracking joint design
2142/109170 development. details
Premature provided by
cracking was IDOT on dowel
also noted in and tie bar
panels near sizes and
intersections, spacings:
over utility lines, dowels spaced
or emanating at 12 in. on
from drainage center and
structures. dowel
Several design diameter equal
and to 1 in. for slab
construction thicknesses ≤ 8
practices are in., equal to
contributing to 1.25 in. for
premature thicknesses
cracking such as between 8 and
exceeding IDOT 10 in., and 1.5
slab geometry in. for
standards, thicknesses ≥
potential lack of 10 in. iv Tie
lubrication of bars for both
dowel bars, and longitudinal
saw-cutting construction
details. Many joints and
slab geometries longitudinal
exceeded the sawed joints
currently are to be
recommended designed using
limits in the #6 bars by 30
BLRS (2018) in. lengths and
manual, i.e., spaced at 36 in.
maximum slab on centers.
length of 12 ft Specify the use
for less than 10 of pre-
in. slab lubricated
thickness and 12 dowel bars to
ft slab width. Tie avoid reliance
bar spacings in on field
longitudinal personnel
construction applying
joints and lubrication or
longitudinal drastically
sawed joints improve
were 24 in. and construction
30 in., inspection
respectively, education on
before being necessity of
changed to 36 dowel
in. in 2018. lubrication
Analyses of prior to paving.
pullout results Follow saw-
of dowels with cutting
and without practices for
lubrication notch depth to
showed it was slab thickness
highly probable ratio of 0.33
to lock up and timing of
transverse joints saw cut to
when ensure
lubrication was contraction
not done. joint activation.
Additionally, the For example,
MIRA ultrasonic use of a
device noncontact
determined ultrasonic
some transverse method to
contraction estimate saw-
joints were not cut timing in
activated, which the field.
could be a
reason for some
of the
premature
cracking. Finally,
several sections
also
showed high
reflection
anomalies in the
ultrasonic
images that
could be caused
by poor
concrete
consolidation
near the
 surface.
5 Sarireh, M and to describe the Deterioratio questionnair The criterion The research is
Tarawneh, S. most affecting n, defects, e was (defects caused helpful in
(2013). Causes causes for road road prepared during highlighting the
of Cracks and deterioration construction and directed construction causes for road
Deterioration in Jordan by a , road to 150 of due to poor deterioration in
of Pavement questionnaire maintenanc contractors construction Jordan, and in
on Highways in designed and e, highway in road quality) takes avoiding of
Jordan from directed to construction the highest rank these causes or
Contractors’ contractors in and of 4.15, while mitigating their
Perspective. road maintenanc the lowest effect during
Civil and construction e factor is design,
Environmental and (Inadequate construction,
Research Vol. 3 maintenance resistance to and
(No. 10), 1-12 polishing maintenance
to give a scale of surface through
https:// (rank) from 1 aggregate) of operation
core.ac.uk/ (strongly 2.73. Also, the
download/ disagree), 2 causes for
pdf/ (disagree), 3 deterioration
234677615.pdf (do not know), were
4 (agree), and 5 reorganized into
(strongly 11 consistent
agree) to the groups of
expected relevant causes.
causes The first group
(Effect of Cracks
and Structural
Failure) ranks
3.96 and the last
group (Effect of
Pavement
Width) ranks
2.93 in group
comparison.
6 Mackiewicz, P. presents the road Crack It was found The numerical
(2018) Fatigue problem of pavements, Propagation that the key analyses
cracking in modelling longitudinal Analysis element in the carried out
road fatigue and crack with the use of
pavement. phenomena transverse propagation finite element
Materials occurring in strains analysis is the methods
Science and the method allowed to
Engineering, 1- road of transferring assess the
11 pavement. the load to the strain and
pavement by stress changes
the tire and the occurring in
strain the process of
distribution in cracking road
the pavement pavement. It
has been
shown that low
thickness
pavements are
susceptible to
fatigue cracks
arising "bottom
to top", while
pavements
thicker are
susceptible to
"top to
bottom"
cracks. The
analysis of the
type of stress
allowed to
determine the
cracking
mechanism.