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€ lnversions / PossessiYes
:- v#rsscffis wiffo megat$ve adarerfuiad wer#s ar: # pfur'ases
of a sentence for emPhasis,
When we put some negat ive adverbial words and phrases at the beginning
verb, even thoug h
the subject and the verb'i nvert'. This means we use the question form of the
used in conversat ion
the sentence is not a questi on. lnversions are quite formal and are not usually
Not only (... but also/too) Not only wereYou late for work, but you had also forgotten the report'
permission'
Under no circumstances lJnder no circumstonces are employees al!owed to leavethe building without
Little Littte did t realise that lwould become managing director just two years later.
Not until Not untit the next day did I hear that I had got the iob.
Only Only ot the end of the interview did I think t had a chance of getting the iob.
@ Littte is used with verbs of thought (realise, know, suspecr, etc) and means 'l did nat realise/etc at all ...
outl "/ tittie did I kn,:r+r hcw thinqs v,tere gainq tc tu{n oLiT'
rNatch (= I did not knol at all how tl'rings were gcing to ti;in cut )
,& Witn nat unrri and cnly,you have tc be carefurl abor'lt rnrhlch verb tc inr;eri
,,/ t'lat untii I hsd finished my honev'tcrl< "ucs I clloat*d ta gc cut'
wl';eva l hsd frnished my hamewcrk l'vss J sijullved ro go cut'
#tfuer snversi,sms
Use L,'{.ErTlDi€
'l'm a plLtmber.'
ln short answers and other similar 'Really? S'ooml!'
structures using sq neifher and nor My sister doesn't like getting ready for work, and neither do I / nor do l'
'
The manager was nervous about the director's visit, as were the rest of the staff .
After a5 so and such So late wos it that there was no one in the office.
Such a hot day was it that no one wanted to work.
Were our staff better trained, we might make a larger profit, (= lf ou r staff were
ln conditional sentences better trained ...)
Had t known about the vacancy, I would have opplied. (= lf I had known ...)
s Remember tirat 'So cm/Co/haye /' is t-tse,-l io agree with a positlve statemeni an d'Neither/Nar
ottrlt' crn/aciha'.re l' is r-rsed to agree v'rith a neEative st;tement'
$latch / 'l reaiiy like my iob.' 'So da t.'
/ 'i reaily dcn'i lii<e my iob.' 'Neitker do I / Nar do l
ESS
Y
Unit 27 Grammar
a
No sooner (1) had I started (l / start) working at Taylforth Nielsen, the computer
company, than I realised it was the perfect opportunity for my hobby: hacking! Don't Eet me
wrong. At no point (2) have I (l / have) ever stolen anything. I do it for the
challenge. Not only (3) do I like (l / like) proving I can do it, but sometimes
(4) ................
it helps ........... (it / help) a company to build a better security system. Rarely
(s) do they see (they / see) it like that, of course. I decided I would see if I could
break into the Grand Bank system. Little (6) did I realise (l / realise) what was
waiting for me.
The second day of working there, hardly (7) had everyone else left (everyone else / leave)
when I started to try simple passwords. Seldom (8) is this (this / is)
enough, though. You usually have to work much harder than that. Not until midnight
(e) did I get (l / get) access to the Grand Bank system. Hardly
(10) had I had (l / have) time to look around the system when the door
to my office flew open and three men rushed in. Only when (11) they showed
(they / show) me their lD (12) did I realise (l / realise) that it was the police.
They had been expecting something like this and had traced my computer! Not only
was I fired they kept (they / keep) all my
computer records, too. Maybe itt time to find another hobby.
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ili
6 lt wasn't clear who was going to win the match until the last few minutes.
Not ........
until the last few minutes was it clear who was going to win the match
7 Dennis passed his driving test and had an accident almost immediately afterwards.
Hardly had Dennis passed his driving test when he had an accident
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