Margaret Naumburg Papers

Margaret Naumburg papers
Ms. Coll. 294
Finding aid prepared by Amey A. Hutchins.
Last updated on July 23, 2020.
University of Pennsylvania, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts
2000
Table of Contents
Summary Information....................................................................................................................................4
Biography/History..........................................................................................................................................5
Scope and Contents..................................................................................................................................... 19
Arrangement note.........................................................................................................................................22
Administrative Information......................................................................................................................... 22
Controlled Access Headings........................................................................................................................23

Other Finding Aids...................................................................................................................................... 24
Collection Inventory.................................................................................................................................... 25
Correspondence...................................................................................................................................... 25
Elementary education materials.............................................................................................................84
Writings.................................................................................................................................................. 85
Lectures.................................................................................................................................................. 99
Exhibits.................................................................................................................................................110
Client records (RESTRICTED)...........................................................................................................112
Art Therapy courses............................................................................................................................ 119
Student work........................................................................................................................................ 122
Consciousness investigations...............................................................................................................124
Proposals.............................................................................................................................................. 133
Biographical/Professional information................................................................................................ 134
Works by others...................................................................................................................................135
Miscellaneous.......................................................................................................................................139
Slides.................................................................................................................................................... 140
Photographs.......................................................................................................................................... 140
Photograph albums...............................................................................................................................141
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Oversize................................................................................................................................................142
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Summary Information
Repository University of Pennsylvania: Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare

Books and Manuscripts
Creator Naumburg, Margaret, b. 1890
Title Margaret Naumburg papers
Call number Ms. Coll. 294
Date [inclusive] 1912-1974
Extent 182 boxes
Language English
Abstract Margaret Naumburg (1890–1983) was an American psychologist,

educator, artist, and author. She was one of the first proponents of art
therapy and utilitzed art as a method for both diagnosis and therapy. The
collection contains materials documenting all the phases of Naumburg's
long and productive work life. The materials include correspondence;
copies of and materials for Naumburg's writings, lectures, and exhibit
catalogs; materials for case studies; lecture notes for the courses she taught
and papers her students wrote in those courses; and work by others that
she collected and saved. Other media in the collection include slides,
photographs, and audio recordings.
Cite as:
Margaret Naumburg papers, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts,
University of Pennsylvania
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Biography/History
Margaret Naumburg was born in New York City on May 14, 1890, when the United States was poised
almost exactly between the Civil War and World War I. Sigmund Freud, whose work would affect her
life so profoundly, would not use the term "psychoanalysis" for another five years, and the American
medical establishment was not yet aware of his work. In her life Naumburg had two prominent careers
based on Freud's insights into the workings of the human psyche. In the first, she played an important role
in the progressive education movement in the United States through her founding of the Walden School,
where psychoanalytic principles were central. In the second, she was a pioneer in the emerging field of art
therapy.
This future teacher's memories of public school were very bleak:
My earliest recollections of school are of the hard wooden benches, the rigid posture, often hands
behind the back, and the enforced silence of school periods. The overactive, dominant, shrill
teacher, and the meek and intimidated children. I still recall the relief when gongs rang and there
was a break from the silent tension for lunch and the playground. The monotony of learning
arithmetic and learning to read was broken by learning to sing scales to the teacher's pitch-pipe.
Art meant drawing cubes and pyramids. [1]
She then went to the Horace Mann School, a private school which was founded as a site for experimental
efforts by the students of Teachers College. The change seems to have made little difference to her.
School was one source of bleakness in a generally grim childhood. She recalled wishing, at the age of
ten or twelve, "to penetrate and experience the life outside herself. For other people's lives seemed full
and varied, her own, empty and monotonous." As an adolescent, she captured her "attitude of injured
withdrawal" by putting up on her wall the motto, "In order to avoid criticism, do nothing, say nothing, be
nothing." She had two older sisters, Alice and Florence, and a younger brother, Robert. Her relationship
with her mother was very difficult, and although she was fond of her father, his presence in her papers is
minimal. Under these circumstances, she looked up to Florence, eight years older, as a substitute mother.
Florence was beautiful and artistic, two qualities Margaret would long for throughout her life. At a time of
reflection in the 1920s, Margaret would confess that she had wanted to be Florence.[2]
Barnard College awarded Margaret Naumburg a B.A. in 1912. She had studied with philosopher John
Dewey, whose educational principles would later be important to her as a contrast to her own priorities
as an educator. A future career in education was far from her mind then: "When I graduated from
college I thought that the one profession I must avoid was becoming an educator. This attitude had been
engendered by my own sense of boredom and futility in so many of the courses I endured both in school
and college." [3] Her ambitions were unclear, yet in the spring of her senior year she was finding her way
into new currents of thought. She read an early article in McClure's Magazine about Maria Montessori's
work in Italy.[4] She also "had through a friend been able to read one of the first papers, published in the
United States, by Dr. A. A. Brill on Freud and psychoalysis [sic]. I did not realize, as yet, how deeply this
psychoanalytic approach to the unconscious had won a response in my own unconscious." [5]
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Her plan for the fall of 1912 was to start graduate work at the London School of Economics. During
the intervening summer, she and her mother traveled in Europe. In Italy they met Montessori, who had
opened a school based on sense training and attention to the phases of early childhood development
in 1906 and begun training teachers in 1909. At first the London School of Economics seemed to be
the right place for Naumburg. Taking a seminar with Sidney Webb, she threw herself into a study of
the young cinematography industry. She sent her parents an enthusiastic letter: "these three months in
London, including the work and the people, meant more to me than my four years of college." [6] After
those three months, however, she decided to leave in order to take advantage of an opportunity to study
with Montessori in Italy.
In January 1913, she traveled there with fifteen Englishwomen. They were the first foreigners to undergo
Montessori training. Naumburg, who could admire deeply but was also fiercely independent, wanted very
much to be in the forefront in everything she did. She wrote her parents that she felt "quite sure it's the
chance of a lifetime to be able to get into this work when it is still just at the start." [7] Again it started off
well, but the sense of satisfaction did not last. Naumburg's enthusiasm for the Montessori method waned
and a personality conflict arose between these two intellectual, strong-willed women. Naumburg later
recalled, "I saw a good deal of her personally in the first part of the course. Later in the term when she
took me for a drive with her she asked me why I had withdrawn from her and I told her the truth. That I
found her authoritarian in imposing her ideas and was not concerned with accepting everything she said
without question." [8]
Later in the year she was back in New York. Waldo Frank, her future husband, wrote of her at this
time in his memoirs: "Margaret was a beautiful woman, dark, with great luminous eyes and a dynamic
compassion that was not ready to settle for less than a totally new world. She had just returned from
Rome where she studied primary education with Maria Montessori... she spoke of Freud as if there
stirred in her a prescience of the psychological revolution Freud would bring to the world in the next five
decades." [9] The first letters from Naumburg to Frank in the Waldo Frank Papers date from 1914, at
which time the two are clearly already involved in an intense relationship. They married in 1916.
According to Frank, he was introduced to Naumburg by their mutual friend Claire Raphael. Raphael
was Naumburg's partner in her earliest educational efforts. Together they ran a Montessori class at the
Henry Street Settlement during the 1913-1914 school year. From 1914 to 1916, they ran a Montessori
class at the Leete School, where they rented a room. During 1915 they were also conducting a Montessori
class at Public School No. 4 in the Bronx. The New York City Board of Education approved this class
as an experiment. However, after months of struggling to get supplies and even heat from the school
system, Naumburg resigned in January 1916. After the two years at the Leete School, Naumburg, now
without Raphael, moved The Children's School into its own home and added grades to continue to teach
the children who had started in the kindergarten. Sometime after the 1921-1922 school year, the students
objected to being described as children and the school became the Walden School.
During the years from 1914 to 1917, Margaret Naumburg was undergoing Jungian analysis with Beatrice
Hinkle. Florence, who by then was married to lawyer and poet Melville Cane and was an art teacher at the
school, also worked with Hinkle. Naumburg encouraged all Walden teachers toward analysis. In 1917 she
published an article titled "A Direct Method of Education." On a typescript of the article, she later wrote,
"This published in 1917 was as far as I know the first application of the principles of psychoanalysis to
Education." In it she argued the need for change and the opportunity which psychoanalysis provided:
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Up to the present, our methods of education have dealt only with the conscious or surface mental
life of the child. The new analytic psychology has, however, demonstrated that the unconscious
mental life which is the outgrowth of the child's instincts plays a greater rôle than the conscious...
This discovery of the fundamental sources of thought and action must bring about a readjustment
in education. School problems can no longer be dealt with as they appear on the surface, for our
deeper knowledge must direct our attention to the deeper realities beneath.[10]
A. A. Brill, the psychiatrist whose article on Freud she had read years earlier, became a parent at the
school, and Naumburg sought additional analysis with him.
By 1922 Naumburg was exhausted. The fund-raising efforts necessary to keep the Children's School
running had little to do with education. She wrote a letter to parents indicating that she would close the
school. The parents at the school did not want it to close. Naumburg, however, began to withdraw and
turned the direction of the school over to Margaret Pollitzer and C. Elizabeth Goldsmith, teachers at
Walden.
Naumburg was also dealing with the birth of her son Thomas in 1922. Her feelings about motherhood
were profoundly ambiguous, not least because her marriage to Frank was disintegrating. In Frank's words,
"We had wanted to live openly together because we loved each other. She was an educator of whom
'respectability' was expected; therefore we had to be married. But it was understood between us that we
were not really married. And I kept the matter clear by my infidelities, of which I always told her. The
birth of my first son changed my heart; I wanted now to be truly married to my wife. But it was too late;
she had suffered too much." [11] Adding to the strains on their marriage was Naumburg's relationship
with the author Jean Toomer. After a year of correspondence with Frank, Toomer moved to New York
City in May 1923. Soon after, he met Naumburg and they quickly formed an intense bond. In 1924,
Naumburg and her son shifted to Reno, where she had to establish residency for six months before she
could get a divorce. Shortly after Naumburg arrived in Reno, Toomer joined her. They had decided to
test the experience of living together as if married before marrying. In July, however, he left for New
York City and stayed there briefly before leaving for France to learn from a man in whom both he and
Naumburg were intensely interested.[12]
Before leaving for Reno, they had attended a dance performance by the followers of Georges Ivanovitch
Gurdjieff. Gurdjieff was a writer, dance teacher, philosopher, and guru, born in Russian Armenia and
relocated to France by way of Central Asia. ̶ "The Work," as the efforts and focus of Gurdjieff's followers
were called, was for a time highly fashionable among the intellectual and literary Greenwich Village set,
which included Naumburg, Toomer, and Frank. Naumburg's divorce was final in Sept ember 1924. Upon
her return she became increasingly involved in the New York Gurdjieffian community, which was under
the guidance of A. R. Orage.
Gurdjieff promoted personal development through bringing the intellectual, emotional, and instinctual
centers of the self together into harmony. The disciplines that would help followers attain this goal
included self-observation, Gurdjieff's sacred da nces, and study. Naumburg's Gurdjieffian period is well
represented in the collection and reveals her personal thoughts to an unusual degree because of the group's
emphasis on "formulation," the effort to observe and write about one's thoughts, emotions, actions,
and reactions in a detached way. Several formulations from the winter of 1924 and spring of 1925 are
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preserved. They focus intently on Toomer, who otherwise does not appear in the collection. She noted
a lessening of intensity in their relationship in January, and in May she described racial tensions in their
relationship, particularly those arising from Tommer's leadership of a Gurdjieffian group in Harlem. In
1926 their relationship ended.
In addition to leading the groups in which followers worked on their development, Orage gave lecture
series on literature in order to earn money to support Gurdjieff and his work. These developed into
workshops for writers. Naumburg attended lectures in 1927 and 1928. Both Melville Cane and Toomer
were attenders as well. No explicit link connects these workshops and Naumburg's writings, but after
a year of lectures and workshops, Orage suggested that each participant publish an article or book on a
sub ject well known to him or her.[13] This is at exactly the time when Naumburg wrote The Child and
the World, her first book, published in 1928. Each chapter is a dialogue meant to enlighten readers about
the workings of a modern school, certainly a subject Naumburg knew well. Also at this time Naumburg
began work on Sunflower and Cypress, a play about Vincent and Theo van Gogh, of which she would
draft numerous versions and which she continued to revisit throughout her life.
Two to three years later, Naumburg severed her ties to both Gurdjieff and Orage. In the place of that
community she became involved in another occult group, Pojodag House. Pojodag drew on alchemy,
astrology, mediums, and a combination of ancient Egyptian myth and Christian religious elements.
Naumburg's younger brother Robert and her sister and brother-in-law Florence and Melville Cane were
all involved at Pojodag House. All these individuals then shifted to the trance medium Eileen Garrett. As
1933 began, Margaret was "sitting" with Garrett, that is, meeting with Garrett and recording her words
spoken while in a trance.
Garrett was born in Ireland and had worked as a trance medium at the British College of Psychic Science
and other spiritualist societies. She came to New York City for six months in 1931 under the auspices
of the American Society for Psychical Research, then returned in 1933.[14] Naumburg made and saved
transcripts of many discussions with three "control" personalities, referred to as Uvani, Tehuti, and Abdul
Latif, through the person of Garrett, referred to in these discussions as "the instrument." Naumburg
and others in the circle around Garrett considered themselves serious researchers, because rather than
attempting through an otherworldly connection to obtain information about or contact dead relatives,
they were pursuing questions of occult knowledge and higher consciousness. One characteristic of this
investigative approach was the keeping of detailed records of their sittings.
Naumburg's collaboration with Garrett throughout the 1930s passed through several stages. Naumburg
accompanied Garrett to laboratory studies of her mediumistic abilities conducted by researchers in
England and by J. B. Rhine of Duke University's parapsychology laboratory. Naumburg also gathered
materials in hopes of writing a scientific and psychological book about Garrett. In this period she was
generally negative about psychology because the field did not accept or accommodate the aspects of
consciousness with which she was concerned. She consulted Tehuti about everything, including both
her creative writing and the writing she undertook in cooperation with Garrett; social relationships; the
possible development of her own psychic abilities; and her future direction.
In 1934 Edward Hall began to share Naumburg's appointments with Garrett. He faced severe financial
difficulties including debts and tax suits, but he was also part of a business that supplied materials for arts
and crafts programs. He and Naumburg planned to start an arts and crafts school and Naumburg worked
on a plan for an exhibition of art of the Western Hemisphere called "The Three Americas" in order to
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raise money for the school. The exhibition, meant to travel, only took place in an abbreviated form in
Mexico City. It cannot have raised much, if any, money. The Universal School of Handicrafts did open,
and Naumburg served on its Board of Directors until she withdrew in 1942.
Toward the end of the decade, Naumburg devoted her efforts to gathering autobiographical information
from Garrett. In a later letter to Rhine, Naumburg claimed that she had not only organized but written
Garrett's autobiography, My Life as a Search for the Meaning of Mediumship. She was also to have
written an introduction under her own name, but had the whole project taken from her to preserve the
illusion of Garrett's authorship. For unclear reasons, a complete break between the two women followed
by 1940. This must have been a very difficult time for Naumburg. She was separated from the person
and the projects around which she had organized her life for the previous ten years. Yet in this time she
somehow conceived of and moved toward her second career in art psychotherapy.
Naumburg did not have recognized training in this field and she could not present herself as a professional
therapist, although her principles as an educator had been built on psychology. So she took her first steps
from the foundation of education, the field in which she was recognized, by seeking opportunities to
combine art education and psychotherapy through art. Although she tended to portray herself as working
in isolation, if not in opposition to the world, the topic of art as therapy was receiving increasing attention
at that time. In 1941 Anne Anastasi and John Foley published a four-part survey of literature on "artistic
behavior in the abnormal." The first three parts are in Naumburg's resource materials as reprints. In
1943 Naumburg joined the Committee on Art in American Education and Society, a group based at the
Museum of Modern Art. They had an art therapy study group, from whose lecture series Naumburg saved
some outlines.
An increasing interest in occupational therapy inspired by the entry of the United States into World War II
and the resulting injuries also fed interest in art therapy. Because occupational therapists wanted military
status for their role in working with the war wounded, the Public Education Committee of the American
Occupational Therapy Association was publicizing occupational therapy nationally.[15] Naumburg's
relationship with the field of occupational therapy was an imbalanced one. Throughout much of her
career, she would be dismissive about the methods of occupational therapy, yet occupational therapists
were in general an audience receptive to her ideas. Aspiring occupational therapists bolstered her art
therapy course enrollments in the 1950s and 1960s, and Naumburg received and accepted invitations to
address professional gatherings of occupational therapists.
One of Naumburg's earliest lectures on psychotherapy was given at the 1941 Annual Institute of Chief
Occupational Therapists in New York. She was invited by Eleanor Slagle, director of the Bureau
of Mental Hygiene Occupational Therapy for the State of New York Department of Mental Health
and fellow board member of the Universal School of Handicrafts. Attempting to bridge the fields of
education and psychotherapy, Naumburg titled her talk, "Can Modern Educational Principles Be of Use to
Psychotherapists?" She told the occupational therapists, "Those who work in the field of mental hygiene
and those active in modern education, should no longer be kept apart by the barriers of their professional
training... For those who enter the world of education, I have, for years, been a persistent advocate of
more training in psychiatry, and I hope that I shall not fail to persuade you, in the field of mental hygiene,
to recognize some important implications in the new education." [16] Her attempt to be interdisciplinary
was not entirely successful: the text of the lecture was rejected by Mental Hygiene magazine with the
comment that it was "better adapted to an educational journal." [17]
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Naumburg began the decade by briefly working at Bellevue Hospital. Her original contact there was
Harriet Ayer Seymour. In the late 1930s Seymour had been one of those who consulted Garrett's controls,
once sitting jointly with Naumburg, and had already at that time been interested in music therapy. In
1940 she was head of the Music Committee of the Hospitals. Naumburg worked with children under
psychiatrist Lauretta Bender and with adolescent boys in a drama therapy group under psychiatrist Frank
Curran. Then, however, in 1941 at a meeting of occupational therapists, she met Nolan D. C. Lewis,
the primary mentor and champion of her early art therapy career.[18] Lewis was already interested in
art expression and psychotherapy, having published two articles on art in psychiatric treatment, and he
was interested in what Naumburg had to say. He invited her to do research at the New York Psychiatric
Institute, where he was director.
By October 1941, Naumburg was working with three young boys who were patients there During
her time at the Psychiatric Institute, she worked with one boy diagnosed with Froehlich's syndrome
and another with tic-like movements, but mainly the boys were institutionalized because they were
uncontrollable. Their files reported their diagnoses as "Primary Behavior Disorder." Naumburg
paid to provide pastels, tempera paints, and plasticine for the children. Appalled by the repetitive,
unimaginative nature of the art produced in school art programs (including the school program at the
Institute), Naumburg worked to get the children to produce images of their own - images based on their
experiences, dreams, and fantasies. She kept minutely detailed records of what happened in each session,
including her conversations with the boys, descriptions of their art work, and the boys' comments about
their art.
The art was full of violent images inspired by their perceptions of World War II. In 1943 Naumburg
published her first art therapy article, "Children's Art Expression and War," in The Nervous Child.
In the next few years, Naumburg shifted from working with young boys to work with a succession of
schizophrenic adolescent girls, and she published a series of articles based on her case studies done at
the Psychiatric Institute. In "A Study of the Art Work of a Behavior-Problem Boy as It Relates to Ego
Development and Sexual Enlightenment," [19] Naumburg included a photograph of clay figures created
by the patient to depict pregnancy. The next photograph (Fig. 10) shows an "ancient Mexican-Aztec
figure of the Goddess of Childbirth... [which] suggests the kinship in feeling and expression between the
archaic and child-like forms of art." Connecting patients' spontaneous art and ancient or primitive art was
of interest to Naumburg throughout her art therapy career, an inclination present already in her work with
her first patients.
She collected her first six articles into a book, Studies of the "Free" Art Expression of Behavior Problem
Children and Adolescents as a Means of Diagnosis and Therapy in 1947. It was published in the Nervous
and Mental Disease Monographs series, of which Lewis was series editor. He wrote a foreword for
the book, describing Naumburg's work as "progressive steps in a type of research that promises much
for the future." [20] In a review, education writer Agnes Benedict praised the work but also raised the
specter of the creation of "amateur therapists" : "The book will be invaluable to parents and teachers in
helping them to understand the behavior of normal children without encouraging them to turn amateur
psychotherapist, or to read meanings into children's art work that are not there." [21] The perception that
Naumburg wanted to train therapists outside established channels would recurin her career and hamper
her progress.
Because of the highly visual nature of her records, Naumburg also used exhibits throughout her career
to try to bring her work to the attention of a wider professional audience. She showed her first exhibit at
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the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in 1946 and worked on two exhibit projects
in 1947. She was an exhibitor at the Fifth International Congress of Pediatrics in New York. Her exhibit,
"Art Therapy in Diagnosis and Treatment of Behavior Problem Children," was captured with touches of
skepticism or parody in "The Talk of the Town" in the July 26, 1947, New Yorker:
Next, attracted by some vivid paintings and crayon drawings entitled "City Fire," "Burning
Leaves," "Automobile on Fire," "Burning of the Normandie," "Fireworks at the World's Fair,"
and "Bozo, the Fire-Eater," we paused before a booth marked "Art Therapy in the Diagnosis
and Treatment of Behavior Problem Children." "These pictures were all done by a nine-year-old
boy with a compulsive neurosis and a fire-setting proclivity," the lady in charge was saying to
a bug-eyed young man. "Note the fire-eater at the circus saying 'Yum, yum.' Isn't that amusing
symbolically?"
"Troubled Waters," an exhibition tracing the work and progress of one of the schizophrenic girls with
whom Naumburg had worked, was planned for the Philadelphia Museum of Art. After only one month on
display, however, the exhibition was taken down at Naumburg's insistence, because she did not agree with
the presentation of her work.
Meanwhile, Naumburg's practice was shifting away from work in an institutional setting with children
and adolescents to the private treatment of adults in her apartment, meeting with them weekly or even
more often. A short-lived collaboration studying hard-of-hearing and stuttering children through Vassar
College's Department of Child Study led to a meeting between Naumburg and a Vassar student who
would be the subject of one of Naumburg's most thoroughly developed case studies. This young woman,
who first approached Naumburg because of interest in art therapy and then sought help for obsessive
masturbation, worked with Naumburg for three years. Naumburg would produce two exhibits, "The
Psychotherapeutic Significance of the Art Productions of a College Girl" and "The Survival Value of
Fantasy Projection," and a book, Psychoneurotic Art, based on the case. Over the years, several would-
be students of art therapy who sought out Naumburg became her clients first, because she believed that
aspiring therapists must have therapy to deal with their own conflicts before they could deal effectively
with others. It was the same principle she had a pplied to herself and the teachers at the Walden School.
As the 1950s began, art therapy was beginning to be more widely recognized as a field and Margaret
Naumburg was beginning to be recognized as one of its most important figures. A Newsweek article
about the 1949 exhibit, "The Psychotherapeutic Significance of the Art Productions of a College Girl,"
proclaimed, "Art therapy - the use of drawings for studying the emotional problems of both children and
adults - is now an established psychiatric procedure." It continued, "One of the best-known pioneers in
the field of spontaneous art expression is Dr. Margaret Naumburg, 59-year-old, New York-born artist-
psychiatrist, who has devoted the last ten years of her life to her own form of art therapy." [22] Yet as she
was neither doctor, artist, nor psychiatrist, she continued to struggle to find her professional place in the
world.
Although she was without institutional affiliation, she continued to work and write independently. She
published Schizophrenic Art: Its Meaning in Psychotherapy in 1950 and Psychoneurotic Art: Its Use in
Psychotherapy in 1953. Thomas A. C. Rennie, on staff at the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic in New
York, wrote the preface to Schizophrenic Art and in it acknowledged Naumburg's status: "The main
purpose of the book... is to define a new approach to psychotherapy. This approach in the hands of Miss
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Naumburg with her special training and insight is clearly a valid one. It is important because it represents
an essentially pioneer effort." [23] In fact, while Naumburg does use the phrase "art therapy," she shies
away from defining it directly, describing a process in which the therapist is almost invisible:
When inner experiences of a patient are projected into plastic form, art often becomes a more
immediate mode of expression than words... Some patients do not immediately recognize the
significance of their spontaneous art; but as therapy proceeds they usually arrive at awareness of
its symbolic meaning. This is the reason that it is unnecessary for the therapist to interpret directly
to the patient what his spontaneous creations mean.[24]
To which approach one reviewer responded, "The theoretical exposition of the technique is frequently
rather speculative and not always convincing." [25]
In her introduction to Psychoneurotic Art three years later, Naumburg faced the issue more squarely:
Art therapy is psychoanalytically oriented, recognizing the fundamental importance of the

unconscious... Art therapy enables the patient to translate the interior images of his unconscious
into pictorial projections; the creation of such symbolic forms establishes a primary basis
of communication with the therapist. Spontaneous graphic art becomes a form of symbolic
speech which may serve as a substitute for words or as a stimulus which leads to an increase of
verbalization in the course of therapy.[26]
In the following year, however, she received a challenge to go still further.

In March 1954 the annual meeting of the American Orthopsychiatric Association took place in New York
City. Naumburg chaired a symposium on art therapy, "The Use of Spontaneous Art in Psychotherapy."
The program promised three papers, including one by Naumburg herself, followed by discussion by René
Spitz and Ernst Kris. Spitz, unable to attend, sent a written discussion to be read at the symposium. In it
he wrote,
Both Miss Naumburg and Dr. Rabinovitch [another symposium speaker] discuss to a certain
extent the technique which they have applied. Nevertheless, I am not clear in my mind about
the essential aspects of the therapeutical situation on one hand, of the therapeutic procedure on
the other. I feel very strongly that at some point we will have to differentiate quite clearly the
basically different aspects of analytical therapy and of art therapy... I would like to enter a plea to
the art therapists to draw up a parallel between the procedures used by them and contrast this to
the classical analytical procedures - such a confrontation would help us greatly in understanding
many aspects of art therapy which at this point are not sufficiently clear - at least they are not so to
me.[27]
In the margin next to his "plea," Naumburg wrote, "Answer this." She contemplated this comparison for
the next ten years.
In addition to the publication of her books, Naumburg began to teach privately, offering a ten-week
seminar at her home. She also began to have opportunities to offer courses at institutions such as the
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Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital and New York's Postgraduate Center for Psychotherapy. She gave a
series of ten lectures in Washington, D.C., in 1956 sponsored by the District of Columbia Occupational
Therapy Association. The Washington lectures brought Elinor Ulman, a therapist and later an important
figure in art therapy in her own right, into contact with Naumburg. Five years later, Ulman would found
the Bulletin of Art Therapy to provide a forum for art therapists from all over the country. For more than
ten years, she and Naumburg would correspond, occasionally in fierce disagreement but mostly in mutual
appreciation.
While working on many projects, however, Naumburg did not have a consistent source of income.
She applied in 1952 for a Guggenheim Fellowship, proposing to write a book titled The Image Speaks:
The Dynamics of Art in the Unconscio us of Modern and Ancient Man, "to make available - not
only to scholars, artists, psychiatrists and psychologists but also to the general reader - data on the
psychodynamics and meaning of symbolic art." [28] She did not receive a fellowship. Throughout the
1950s she continued to accept speaking opportunities that would not have furthered her professional
progress, such as the lecture she gave on "Some Psychological Implications of Color Preferences" ̶ to the
National Society for Decorative Design in 1956.
She also pursued long-term teaching positions, but they proved difficult to get. In 1949 she hoped to offer
a course at the New School for Social Research. After reviewing a proposed outline, Clara W. Mayer,
Dean of the School of Philosophy and Liberal Arts sent Naumburg her conclusions: "the subject interests
me very much and I have tried... to see whether there is enough that the successful practitioners like
yourself could really teach. I find it utterly elusive, except insofar as every form of expression sheds light
on the total personality. In this sense it is an adjunct to therapy which can hardly be profitably taught by
itself." [29] Naumburg responded in self-defense, "The lecture plan... was not meant to be, in any sense, a
training course to make art therapists, as you interpreted it," [30] but the discussion was not renewed.
In 1953 another opportunity opened up. Starting in the fall of 1953, teachers participating in guidance
work in New York had to take additional courses in psychology, and as a result, Naumburg was hired
by the New School to teach "Dynamic Psychology in the Creative Arts." Mindful of how little leeway
she had between teaching about art therapy and teaching art therapists, she warily declared to her
students in her first lecture, "Some of you who teach may be wondering whether... I am advocating that
teachers become therapists. No, nothing of that kind. No teacher today, I believe, in any field, can do an
adequate job, without understanding how the unconscious motivates the responses of their students and
themselves." [31] Hanna Yaxa Kwiatkowska, who later developed the use of group art therapy for family
therapy at the National Institute for Mental Health, was a student in this course. Both Naumburg and her
students hoped that a workshop class would follow, but the New School declined to offer it.
In the summer of 1958 she taught "Art Education and Personality," the start of a seven-year relationship
with the Art Education Department of New York University. Her lecture notes and syllabi show that this
introductory course changed little over the fourteen years she taught it. In it she introduced ways drawing
was used for diagnostic purposes, Florence Cane's "scribble" technique of creating spontaneous pictures,
and case studies. She gave a survey of art therapy mostly through her own articles and case studies. Later
she began to teach a second course at New York University, "Case Studies of Pupils with Emotional
Blocks in Creativity." This was essentially the workshop course that she had not been able to develop at
the New School. A description of "Art Education and Personality" ( "How certain techniques, developed
in Art Therapy, can be applied to the teaching of the 'normal' art student will be discussed" [32]) makes
it clear that Naumburg still had to approach the subject of teaching art therapy cautiously. Nevertheless,
- Page 13 -
through these courses Naumburg introduced students from a wide range of backgrounds to art therapy and
began or aided the training of many professional art therapists. Several had already been inspired by her
books, and they traveled long distances to study with her in her summer courses.
Early in 1958, Naumburg had applied for certification as a psychologist. To requests for records of her
graduate work in psychology, she replied, listing her professional affiliations and concluding, "I hope
that this letter makes clear to you why, after my own analysis from 1914-1917, I was unable to find the
graduate courses in clinical or dynamic psychology that I sought at that time. I therefore had to pioneer
in developing and applying dynamic psychology in retraining teachers myself in a modern school. I
believe that my membership in the recognized psychological associations is evidence of my contribution
to educational and clinical psychology." [33] Naumburg received notice of her rejection in September.
Although there is no evidence of a second application in the collection, she did re-apply successfully, for
she was issued a license in Psychology in March, 1961.[34]
At the beginning of the 1960s, Naumburg felt that art therapy had achieved a professional identity. In her
catalog for "The Power of the Image," an exhibit at the American Psychiatric Association annual meeting
for 1960, she proclaimed, "Analytically oriented art therapy has now, in its twentieth year, established
itself firmly as a primary and an adjunctive method of treatment for both neurotic and psychotic patients."
Another sign of this development was the founding of the Bulletin of Art Therapy by Elinor Ulman in
1961. Ulman's inaugural editorial recognized Naumburg's importance: "As we launch the first journal
devoted to art therapy, this specialized discipline has already an honorable history and the beginning of
worldwide recognition. For the past twenty years, starting in this country with the pioneering efforts of
Margaret Naumburg and in England with the work of Adrian Hill, the use of painting and clay modelling
in the treatment of illness has been developing." [35] Naumburg, however, was not as quick to recognize
the effort of her colleague. In the obituary for Naumburg in the American Journal of Art Therapy (as
the Bulletin was renamed in 1969), Ulman recalled, "[Naumburg] viewed the founding of this journal
with her customary skepticism and politely refused an invitation to write the lead article for its first issue.
We are proud that our initial effort passed muster, leading Ms. Naumburg to contribute an article to our
second (Winter 1961) issue." [36]
Art therapy was at this point a broad enough field to include subgroups with different perspectives.
As Ulman explained in an article in the second issue, "some artists put the emphasis on art and some
on therapy... In the United States the secon d group - emphasis on therapy - found its spokesman
earlier in the person of Margaret Naumburg." [37] The author of the lead article in the first issue, "Art
and Emptiness: New Problems in Art Education and Art Therapy," was Edith Kramer, preeminent
representative of the first group. Maintaining her identity as an artist as well as an art therapist, Kramer's
view of art therapy held that acts of creation were inherently therapeutic rather than a form of nonverbal
communication used in therapy. Ulman noted, "in 1958 she became the second member of our nascent
profession in the United States to publish at book length," and then attempted to depict Naumburg and
Kramer's views of each other from opposite ends of a spectrum: "By Naumburg's recent definitions,
Kramer is an art teacher rather than an art therapist. Into Kramer's ideological scheme, Naumburg fits as
a psychotherapist, not an art therapist." [38] Naumburg's typical approach to art therapists outside of her
circle, in other countries or even in the United States, was to ignore them. There is only one letter from
Kramer in Naumburg's correspondence, and no signs of awareness on Naumburg's part of Kramer's book
or later of her presence at the New School for Social Research, where she taught an art therapy course
in the Department of Art Interpretation during the same years when Naumburg taught art therapy in the
- Page 14 -
Department of Psychology (demonstrating the truth of Ulman's distinction between the emphasis on art
and the emphasis on therapy).
Naumburg was by this time fighting against the inexorable progress of age. After several re-appointments
past the statutory age of retirement at New York University, university officials refused to re-appoint her
again after the spring of 1965. Coming at a moment when Naumburg hoped to develop a degree program
in art therapy, the termination was a cruel disappointment. She attempted to persuade university officials
of the unique nature of her courses and marshaled the support of her brother-in-law, but in vain. She and
her courses, however, found a new home at the New School for Social Research, where she continued to
teach through 1972.
Naumburg's last book, Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy: Its Principles and Practices, came out
in 1966. Presenting case studies of women suffering from an ulcer, alcoholism, and depression,
Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy was Naumburg's answer to Spitz's 1954 challenge. The title reflected
her desire to demonstrate that art therapy was distinct from Freudian psychoanalysis. Through 1965,
Naumburg described her approach to art therapy as analytically or psychoanalytically oriented, but from
1966 onward she consistently referred to her method as dynamically oriented art therapy, even changing
the word "analytically" in her earlier works when she had reason to revisit them.
Naumburg devoted part of her introduction to a description of Spitz's concerns. She attributed some to
such causes as "a misunderstanding" and "a superficial and mistaken interpretation." [39] A reviewer
writing from a Freudian viewpoint responded in kind: "[the book] is marred by her polemical tone
and her rather shallow understanding of freudian [sic] psychoanalysis." [40] Some art therapists
acclaimed Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy as the field's first textbook. A dissenting voice said, "Miss
Naumbuerg [sic] seems biased about the value of other people's art therapy and seems to credit some for
doing well because she trained them. I kept wishing that she would tolerate other theories of art therapy,
or even consider them as authentic efforts..." [41] and might have been describing Naumburg's embattled
approach throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s.
Despite her fighting spirit, her past began to rival her present in importance. She began to receive requests
for information on her role in progressive education. She was becoming recognized as part of the history
of education in the United States, an d her role in the field of art therapy began to shift in a similar
direction. No longer the keynote speaker at conferences, she began to be invited to provide a historical
perspective on art therapy. In 1966 the program for a conference on "Art Therapy and General Hospital
Psychiatry" lists Naumburg's talk as "The History and Development of Art Therapy," but her lecture
notes reveal how she preferred to consider the topic: "The Development of Dynamically Oriented Art
Therapy."
At the 1968 annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, three group exhibits on aspects of
art therapy were on display. Naumburg participated in "Aspects of Art Therapy," organized by Carolyn
Refsnes, a former student. This exhibit also included Edith Kramer, Hanna Yaxa Kwiatkowska, and
Elinor Ulman. One of the other two exhibits, "Art Therapy as a Diagnostic Tool," displayed sculpture and
painting by patients at Philadelphia's Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital. It was organized by Paul
Fink, M.D., and Myra Levick, Hahnemann's director of education and art therapy director. Hahnemann
was poised to become a new center of American art therapy. In the 1968-1969 academic year, they
offered for the first time a ten-month internship program. Students successfully completing the program
were to receive certificates, making Hahnemann the first art therapy certification program.
- Page 15 -
Art therapists from all three exhibits met for lunch during the annual meeting. They discussed the
possibility of establishing a national art therapy organization and agreed to meet again in the fall.
Approximately eighty people attended a December mee ting at Hahnemann. The minutes record tensions
between the Hahnemann organizers and attenders who perceived the Hahnemann group as supporting
the control of art therapy by psychiatrists. The latter group included Naumburg and some of her students.
Felice Cohen of the Child Guidance Center of Houston moved to elect Myra Levick as temporary
president, but Ulman thought that position was rightfully Naumburg's. The meeting avoided this conflict
by electing a steering committee to prepare a constitution and by laws. Seven were nominated for the
committee, of whom five were elected. Ulman and Levick, who did later become the organization's first
president, were among the five. The two not elected were Naumburg and Kramer.
The next meeting took place in Louisville in June 1969. Naumburg was not present. Those attending
adopted the constitution and the by-laws of the steering committee, bringing into existence the American
Art Therapy Association. The by-laws defined classes of membership, including Honorary Life
Membership, "to be conferred in recognition of distinguished service in the field of art therapy." It was
announced that the outgoing Steering Committee recommended to the incoming Executive Committee
that Naumburg be invited to become the Association's first Honorary Life Member. The announcement
was greeted with applause and approved by all present.[42] Thus at the first annual meeting of the
American Art Therapy Association in September 1971, Naumburg received a plaque designating her
as the first Honorary Life Member. But tensions persisted between Naumburg and her supporters on
the one hand and "the Philadelphia group" on the other for at least a few more years, as evidenced by
correspondence in the American Journal of Art Therapy and an article by Fink, Levick, and Goldman
with responses from Kwiatkowska and Naumburg in the International Journal of Psychiatry in 1973.
By this time, Naumburg, who had for decades been cast as the pioneer who created the future, was ready
to start thinking about the past. In 1972, Teachers College Press republished Naumburg's first art therapy
book, with a new introduction by Naumburg, under the title An Introduction to Art Therapy: Studies
of the "Free" Art Expression of Behavior Problem Children and Adolescents as a Means of Diagnosis
and Therapy. This book received the Ernst Kris Prize from the American Society of Psychopathology of
Expression in 1973. Teachers College Library also expressed interest in housing Naumburg's papers, but
only was interested in the papers from Naumburg's years of work in progressive education, leading her to
look elsewhere for a home for the entire collection.
Naumburg taught her last courses at the New School in the fall of 1972. In December she was hoping to
find somewhere else to teach in New York, but early in 1973, when she met with a lawyer to draw up a
new will, she was taking stock of her situation and could consider leaving the city where she had lived all
her life: "I am quite alone in New York. My son and his family live in Cambridge. And I might at some
future time move to Cambridge in order to work on another book." [43] In September she moved. During
the intervening summer she visited Harvard, interested in the possibility of obtaining a fellowship at the
Radcliffe Institute. She wanted to organize all the materials she had kept from her long career - lectures,
course materials, exhibits, client artwork and records, and publications. When this work was done, she
envisioned making a gift of her papers to Harvard's Schlesinger Library. She did not receive a fellowship
and may not have even completed the application process.
Because of the re-publication of Studies of the "Free" Art Expression of Behavior Problem Children and
Adolescents as a Means of Diagnosis and Therapy with its new introduction and perhaps also because of
her th oughts of organizing her work, Naumburg wrote many rough drafts at this time about her place in
- Page 16 -
the history of education and the history of art therapy. Repeatedly, in increasingly illegible handwriting,
she wrote versions of how she founded the Walden School, how she first entered the world of art therapy,
and how she influenced its development. She seemed still to be fighting old battles, most of all the battle
to be accepted by other professionals on her own terms.
At the end of 1969, Naumburg had what she called "a sudden and unexpected illumination" as the result
of a conversation with psychologist Lawrence LeShan. Naumburg recorded both sides of the conversation
in writing, almost as if she were composing a formulation for Orage:
As I spoke of the conflicts and resistances I met to any questioning of the traditionally accepted
methods first of education and then later of psychotherapy the psychologist commented,
"You don't seem to realize that you have all your life tried first in the field of Education and
more recently in the area of psychotherapy to battle the establishment believing you could
change it. Actually what you have stood for and worked to change in the “Establishment” of
Education and Psychotherapy belongs not in these institutions of the past, but in the promise of
this new young generation of today, which is really preparing to establish new spiritual values in
living."
The psychologist's comment startled me. In a flash I recognized the truth of his comments about
my misplaced hopes of being able to modify the rigidity of the traditional values of education or
the assumptions of classical forms of psychotherapy.
The collection comes to an end soon after her move to Brookline, Massachusetts, although she lived for
nearly another decade. She died on February 26, 1983.
Endnotes
[1] "Emergence of the Individual in Modern Education," Folder 2268.
[2] Orage formulations, late 1926?, Folder 4358.
[3] "MNs Early History," Folder 2050.
[4] Letter to Sol Cohen, January 25, 1967, Folder 147.
[5] "MNs early history," Folder 2050.
[6] Letter to Max and Therese Naumburg, December 1912, Folder 445.
[7] Letter to Max and Therese Naumburg, December 1912, Folder 445.
[8] Letter to Sol Cohen, January 25, 1967, Folder 147.
[9] Waldo Frank, Memoirs of Waldo Frank, ed. Alan Trachtenberg (Amherst: University of
Massachusetts Press, 1973), 199.
[10] Margaret Naumburg, "A Direct Method of Education," Bureau of Education Experiments Bulletin 4
( "Experimental Schools," 1917), 7.
[11] Frank, Memoirs, 206.
- Page 17 -
[12] Cynthia Earl Kerman and Richard Eldridge, The Lives of Jean Toomer: A Hunger for Wholeness
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987), 131-133.
[13] Louise Welch, Orage with Gurdjieff in America (Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul), 57-60.
[14] Eileen J. Garrett, My Life as a Search for the Meaning of Mediumship (New York: Oquaga Press,
1939).
[15] Glenn Gritzer, and Arnold Arluke. The Making of Rehabilitation: A Political Economy of Medical
Specialization, 1890-1980 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), 105.
[16] "Can Modern Educational Principles...," p.2, Folder 2463.
[17] Letter from Elizabeth R. Boyan to Naumburg, March 18, 1941, Folder 455.
[18] "Phases of Hospital Research and Experience," Folder 2051.
[19] Psychiatric Quarterly 20 (January 1946), 74-112.
[20] N. D. C. Lewis in Margaret Naumburg. Studies of the "Free" Art Expression... (New York: Nervous
and Mental Disease Monographs, 1947), vi.
[21] Agnes E. Benedict, review of Studies of the "Free" Art Expression... In Parents' Magazine
(December 1947).
[22] "Paintings and Passions," Newsweek, 13 June 1949, 47.
[23] Schizophrenic Art, Preface Draft, Folder 914.
[24] Schizophrenic Art , Foreword Draft, Folder 914.
[25] E. A. Bennet, review of Schizophrenic Art In British Journal of Medical Psychology, n.d.
[26] Psychoneurotic Art, Galleys, p. 3, Folder 981.
[27] Spitz, René A., Discussion, Folder 2675.
[28] Guggenheim Fellowship application, Folder 5250.
[29] Letter from Clara W. Mayer to Naumburg, March 17, 1949, Folder 450.
[30] Letter to Mayer, March 24, 1949, Folder 450
[31] Introductory lecture, p. 2-3, Folder 3779.
[32] Course announcement draft, Folder 3918.
[33] Letter to Joseph R. Sanders, February 4, 1958, Folder 674.
[34] E-mail communication, University of the State of New York, Office of Higher Education and the
Professions, Record & Archives Unit.
[35] Bulletin of Art Therapy 1.1 (Fall 1961), 3.
[36] American Journal of Art Therapy 22.1 (October 1982), 10.
- Page 18 -
[37] Elinor Ulman, "Art therapy: problems of definition." Bulletin of Art Therapy 1.2 (Winter 1961), 11.
[38] Ulman, "Art therapy: problems of definition," 12, 17.
[39] Margaret Naumburg, Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy: Its Principles and Practices(New York:
Grune & Stratton, 1966), 17.
[40] Esman, Aaron H. Review of DOAT. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 1967.
[41] Ramsay, J. Bert. Review of DOAT. American Journal of Psychiatry 123.11 (May 1967).
[42] "News," American Journal of Art Therapy 9.1 (October 1969), 37.
[43] Notes for Wishod & Fisch, 1973, Folder 726.
Scope and Contents
The Margaret Naumburg Papers at the University of Pennsylvania contains materials documenting all the
phases of her long and productive work life. The collection includes 182 boxes of documents, artwork,
and images, along with 10 drawers of oversize ma terials. The documents include correspondence; copies
of and materials for Naumburg's writings, lectures, and exhibit catalogs; materials for case studies; lecture
notes for the courses she taught and papers her students wrote in those courses; and work by others that
she collected and saved. Other media in the collection include slides, photographs, and audio recordings.
The Correspondence series consists of approximately 750 folders representing about 560 correspondents.
Family members in the collection include Naumburg's parents, Max and Therese Naumburg, to whom
she wrote while she was studying in Europe; her sister Florence Cane, an art teacher, and her brother-
in-law Melville Cane, a lawyer and poet; her brother-in-law Joseph Proskauer, who was a judge on the
New York State Supreme Court and who supported Naumburg's career financially; and her brother
Robert Naumburg. There is very little correspondence with her ex-husband Waldo Frank in the collection;
extensive correspondence between Naumburg and Frank may be found in the Waldo Frank Papers, also
housed at the University of Pennsylvania. Correspondence with her son Thomas Frank is also minimal.
In connection with Naumburg's early career in progressive education, the collection preserves
correspondence with John Dewey and Alvin S. Johnson, but there is relatively little correspondence
from before 1930. Correspondents from the period between the late 1920s and 1940, when Naumburg
was involved in occult and psychic inquiries include Gurdjieff associates Alfred R. Orage and Jeanne de
Salzmann; trance medium Eileen Garrett; and psychic investigator J. B. Rhine. The majority of the series
is devote d to correspondence related to her art therapy career. Correspondents in this area include art
therapists Elinor Ulman and Hanna Kwiatkowska, psychiatrist Nolan D. C. Lewis, psychologist Gardner
Murphy, and many other psychiatrists, psychologists, and stu dents of art therapy from the United States,
Europe, and South America. There are relatively few letters from other art therapists. Edith Kramer,
- Page 19 -
Diana Raphael Halliday, and Marguerite Sechehaye are each represented by a single letter to Naumburg
with no response in the collection.
Small collections of correspondence are other series. Correspondence concerning Naumburg's
experimental Montessori class in a public school has been filed in the Elementary Education series.
Correspondence with clients or members of their families are filed in the Client Record series by client.
Correspondence among the members of Eileen Garrett's circle and among the members of an ESP group
have been filed in the Consciousness Investigations series.
Margaret Naumburg had two careers which were quite separate chronologically, although both drew on
similar interests which engaged her throughout her lifetime. Both her writings and lectures are divided
into subseries representing those two careers. Fr om 1913 through about 1924, Naumburg played a
prominent role in progressive education through the founding and directing of the Children's School,
later renamed the Walden School. A small but important series grouping materials from this period in
Naumburg's life includes promotional materials for her early Montessori classes, records of her struggles
with the Board of Education over an experimental Montessori class in a public school, and catalogs for
and articles about The Walden School. She continued to save material about the Wa lden School even
after severing her official ties to the school. The latest materials are connected with the school's 50th
anniversary in 1964 and a memorial service for a teacher in 1971. A limited amount of correspondence
with her sister Florence Cane provides a less public perspective on the early period.
In the Writings series, the first subseries collects Naumburg's writings concerning education. In 1928
she published a book, The Child and the World, based on her experience with the Children's School,
represented in the collection by a book cover and reviews, which she saved. She also wrote articles on
the Walden School, other progressive schools, progressive education, and American education in general.
In addition, she reviewed books on education by other authors. Her writings on education demonstrate
her early assimilation of Freudian psychology into her educational philosophy and therefore are part
of the early history of Freudian analysis in the United States. The first subseries of the Lectures series
consists of lec tures on educational topics. The total number of lectures is relatively small, but there are
seven boxes of material from Naumburg's preparation for her 1932 series of twelve lectures, "Crisis in
American Education."
Between the time when she distanced herself from the Walden School and the start of her second career
as an art therapist, Naumburg was involved in intense self-searching, the records of which are gathered
into the Consciousness Investigations series. Along with Waldo Frank, Jean Toomer, Carl Zigrosser, and
many others of their acquaintance, in the late 1920s she immersed herself in the teachings and disciplines
of G. I. Gurdjieff. As a result of this group's emphasis on "formulation," or self-observation, Naumburg's
writings from this period are among the most revealing in the collection in terms of expressing her
emotions, fears, aspirations, memories of childhood, and opinions of herself. They are also the only
documents that reflect her intimate relationship with Toomer.
By 1933 Naumburg had broken with the Gurdjieffian community and associated herself with a trance
medium well-known at the time, Eileen Garrett. Naumburg, turning briefly against Freudian psychology,
was interested in learning about the "superconscious" ” through the personalities who spoke through
Garrett while she was in a trance state. Because of what Naumburg perceived as the scientific nature
of her efforts, detailed record-keeping was essential. Thus the collection includes nearly ten boxes of
transcripts of "sittings" with Garrett and also extensive notes for writing projects which Naumburg
- Page 20 -
undertook with the guidance of Garrett's personalities. This is an extremely strong collection of materials
on spiritualism and psychic research in the 1930s.
By 1940, however, Naumburg had once again broken from a past phase of life to begin a new one. Art
therapy was to be the primary focus of the rest of her life, and as such, occupies about two-thirds of the
collection. In the Psychotherapy subseries of the Writings series are Naumburg's notes and drafts for her
three books about art therapy, one of which was republished late in her life. She also wrote and saved
versions of numerous articles. The Psychotherapy subseries of the Lectures series collects her lectures on
art therapy, which she gave to almost any group that would listen. The Exhibit s series includes materials
from the exhibits which she assembled to show at professional conferences.
All of these endeavors were built on the foundation of her therapy work with individuals, first
institutionalized children and adolescents, and later adult clients who sought her out or were referred
to her by a few receptive psychologists or psychiatr ists. In the Client Records series are records of 23
juvenile patients and 24 adult clients. Many of the records are fragmentary, but those for the cases which
she used in books or exhibits are extensive. The records include client artwork and photographs of client
artwork, which are duplicated in the Slides and Photographs series; client writing about their artwork,
dreams, and life issues; and Naumburg's detailed accounts of therapy sessions. All materials containing
patient/client records are restricted from use until 2044.
Later in life Naumburg went on to teach art therapy courses at New York University and the New School
for Social Research. From these courses she saved syllabi, lecture notes, and student questionnaires,
which make up the Art Therapy Courses Series. The Student Work series, eight boxes of examples of
book reviews and case studies by her students, adds more information about her work as a teacher of art
therapy principles on the undergraduate and graduate levels.
The Proposals series combines more than one phase of Naumburg's life. She devoted some years during
her time with Eileen Garrett to attempting to coordinate an exhibition of art of the Western hemisphere.
She also proposed art therapy projects for financial support from foundations. She was involved, not
willingly, in the development of the American Art Therapy Association. Finally, toward the end of her
life, she hoped to find financial support for the organization of the materials she had saved from her long
career.
One final large series is devoted to the materials by others which Naumburg collected and saved. The
topics of these are wide-ranging, including art therapy, the medical or psychiatric problems of particular
clients, art, and occupational therapy. The formats are similarly wide-ranging, including single articles
(several signed by their authors), complete issues of periodicals, pamphlets, conference programs,
directories, exhibit catalogs, bibliographies, and many pages of passages, which Naumburg copied by
hand, from monograph sources.
Margaret Naumburg was not a collaborator or a networker with colleagues, although she was extremely
supportive to many students. Except for art therapists who had been her students and a very few others
with whom she formed a relationship, other art th erapists do not figure prominently in this collection.
It records Naumburg's career in minute detail; it does not reveal her place in the field of art therapy,
new and growing in her lifetime. Only with the discussions surrounding the formation of the American
Art Therapy Association does it become clear that Naumburg and her contacts were one subgroup or
- Page 21 -
school of art therapy. The collecti on, however, is an excellent record of the development of Naumburg's
principles and, by extension, the principles of those who followed her.
The Margaret Naumburg Papers may be examined by researchers in the reading room of the Rare Book &
Manuscript Library, University of Pennsylvania. Patient/client material is restricted from use until 2044.
Permission to quote from and to publish unpublished materials must be requested in writing from the
Curator of Manuscripts and Margaret Naumburg's literary executor.
Arrangement note
Contains 17 series, including correspondence (12 boxes); elementary education materials (1 box);
writings (32 boxes); lectures (18 boxes); exhibits (6 boxes); client records (22 boxes); art therapy
courses (7 boxes); student work (8 boxes); consciousness investigations (19 boxes); proposals (2 boxes);
biographical/professional information (1 box); works by others (17 boxes); miscellaneous (1 box);
slides (8 boxes); photographs (8 boxes); photograph albums (3 boxes); and oversize (17 boxes + 10 map
drawers, 4 framed paintings, 2 oversize paintings, and 1 stone sculpture).
Administrative Information
University of Pennsylvania, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts
2000
Finding aid prepared by Amey A. Hutchins.
Access Restrictions
The bulk of this collection is open for research use, however, folders containing patient/client records
are restricted from use until 2044. These folders are located in: Series VI. Client records (boxes 70-91);
Series XV. Photographs (boxes 155-159); and Series XVII. Oversize, Subseries E and G.
Use Restrictions
Copyright restrictions may exist. For most library holdings, the Trustees of the University of
Pennsylvania do not hold copyright. It is the responsibility of the requester to seek permission from the
holder of the copyright to reproduce material from the Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books
and Manuscripts.
- Page 22 -
Source of Acquisition
Gift of Thomas Frank, 1993.
Controlled Access Headings
Form/Genre(s)
• Correspondence
• Photograph albums
• Photographs
• Writings (documents)
Geographic Name(s)
• New York (N.Y.)--Intellectual life--20th century
Subject(s)
• Art
• Art therapy--United States--20th century
• Medicine
• Progressive education -- United States -- 20th century
• Psychology
• Spiritualism
• Women in medicine
• Women physicians
• Women psychologists
- Page 23 -
Other Finding Aids
For a complete listing of correspondents, do the following title search in Franklin: Margaret Naumburg
Papers.
- Page 24 -
I. Correspondence
Collection Inventory
I. Correspondence.
Box Folder
Abrams, Leonia, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 1 1
Abt, Lawrence Edwin, 1915-1994, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1962. 1 2
Acta psychotherapeutica, psychosomatica et orthopaedagogica, letter 1 3

from Naumburg addressed to Dr. B. Stokvis (1 item), 1958.
Adelphi University. School of Social Work, letters to and from 1 5

Naumburg and Gary Rosenberg, Director of Admissions at the
School of Social Work at Adelphi University, concerning a letter of
recommendation for Estelle Zarowin, a student of Naumburg's at New
York University (3 items), 1967.
Ad-Hoc Committee on Behavioral Sciences Legislation, letters to 1 4

Naumburg (2 items), undated.
Alexander, Franz, 1891-1964, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1956. 1 6
Alf, Eleanor, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1900-1970. 1 7
Allentown State Hospital, letter to Naumburg from Hanna Toni Norton, 1 8

an occupational therapist at Allentown State Hospital (1 item), 1961.
Allport, Gordon W. (Gordon Willard), 1897-1967, letter to Naumburg (1 1 9

item), 1958.
American Art Therapy Association, letters to Naumburg from Myra F. 1 10-15

Levick, first president of the AATA and Robert E. Ault, the second,
- Page 25 -
I. Correspondence
including a memo from Ault regarding the nomination by the executive

board of the AATA of Hanna Kwiatkowska, student of Naumburg's, for
the 1973 Honorary Life Membership (23 items), 1971-1973.
American Association of University Women, letters to Naumburg from 1 16

Christine Heinig, AAUW Associate in Elementary and Secondary
Education, and Mary-Averett Seelye, coordinator of the AAUW Arts
Resource Center (2 items), 1957-1961.
American Group Psychotherapy Association, letters to and from 1 17

Naumburg and Thea Bry, book review editor of the American Group
Psychotherapy Association's journal (3 items), 1948-1951.
American Journal of Art Therapy, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 18-20
Elinor Ulman, founder of the Bulletin of Art Therapy (renamed the
American Journal of Art Therapy in 1969) and editor of the journal
under both titles; and with Claire Levy, editorial assistant (23 items),
1962-1975.
American journal of orthopsychiatry, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 21-23

Lawson Lowrey and George Gardner, editors; Victoria Sloane, Lowrey's
assistant; Grace McGraw Smith and Mary McGilvray, managing editors;
and Milton Schwebel, a book review editor (14 items), 1943-1970.
American journal of psychotherapy, letters to and from Naumburg 1 24

and Emil Gutheil, editor of the American Journal of Psychotherapy,
concerning an article jointly submitted by Naumburg and Janet Caldwell
(2 items), 1958-1959.
American Occupational Therapy Association, letters to and from 1 25

Naumburg and Helen C. Mathias, associate director of the American
Occupational Therapy Association (2 items), 1959-1961.
- Page 26 -
I. Correspondence
American Orthopsychiatric Association, letters to and from Naumburg 1 26-27

and Exie Welsch, president of the association, as well as Mabel Ross,
Alfred Freedman, Robert Reiff, and Saul Miller, all program chairmen for
annual meetings. (23 items), 1955-1964.
American Psychiatric Association, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 28-31

William Malamud, program chairman for an APA annual meeting;
John McDermott, associated with the association's journal; Austin
Davies, APA Executive Assistant; W. Wheat, manager of the Convention
Department; and Flora Sonnanstine, reservations coordinator for an APA
divisional meeting in Hawaii (16 items), 1946-1958.
American Psychological Association, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 32-38

Judi Studstrup, staff assistant for Scientific Affairs for the American
Psychological Association; Pavel Machotka, Division 10 program
chairman for an annual meeting; Edward L. Walker, chairman of the
Convention Committee; Rudolf Arnheim, past Division 10 program
chairman who advised Naumburg to consult Machotka; and Theodore
Driscoll, convention manager for the APA's 1968 annual meeting (61
items), 1963-1977.
American Psychological Association. Division of Consulting Psychology, 1 39

letters from Naumburg, letter of application is addressed to Howard R.
White (2 items), 1963.
American Psychological Association. Division of Psychology and the 1 40

Arts, letters to and from Naumburg and Henry Gleitman, Division
secretary-treasurer (2 items), 1962-1968.
American Psychological Association. Division of the Psychology of 1 41

Women, letter to Naumburg from Lorraine Eyde, Division secretary-
treasurer (1 item), 1973.
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I. Correspondence
American psychologist, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1959. 1 42
American Red Cross, letters to and from Naumburg and Eunice Willner, 1 43
assistant director of the Military & Naval Welfare Service of the Red
Cross and Carolyn Nice, recreation assistant to the director, setting up
appointments with Elizabeth Maloney and Mary Lingenfelter, Red Cross
workers stationed at a hospital in New York; Margaret Hagan, Red Cross
field director at a Washington D.C. hospital (5 items), 1943.
American Society for Psychical Research, letters to and from Naumburg 1 44

and Lydia Winterhalter Allison, secretary of the ASPR includes a passage
quoted from a letter from parapsychologist Rhine about Naumburg's
work (7 items), 1941-1947.
American Society of Psychopathology of Expression, letters to and from 1 45

Naumburg and Irene Jakab, chairman and president of the American
Society of Psychopathology of Expression (4 items), 1973.
Anderson, Maxwell, 1888-1959, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 46

Alfred Sturt, secretary of Maxwell Anderson, responding to Naumburg's
letter on Anderson's behalf (2 items), 1937.
Andrews, Michael F., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1963. 1 47
Annales m'edico psychologiques, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 48-49

Lionel Vidart, editor or Annales m'edico psychologiques (20 items),
1970-1971.
Anshen, Ruth Nanda, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), 1 50

1952-1973.
Appel, Kenneth E. (Kenneth Ellmaker), 1896-1979, letters to and from 1 51-52

Naumburg (24 items), 1951-1973.
- Page 28 -
I. Correspondence
Arnheim, Rudolf, letters to and from Naumburg (13 items), 1957-1973. 1 53
Arnold, Alvin L., letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1973. 1 54
Associations des Parents d'Elèves des Lycées, letter to Naumburg (1 1 56

items), 1929.
Atlantic, letter from Naumburg addressed to E. A. Weeks and 1 57

accompanying an article about a conversation with theater designer and
producer Gordon Craig (1 item), 1940.
Augeros, Xenia, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), undated. 2 58
Ault, Robert E., letters to Naumburg concerning invitation by Karin 2 59

Agosta, editor of the Teachers College Press 1973 reprint of Naumburg's
first art therapy book, for Ault to review the reissued edition (2 items),
1973.
Authors' League of America, letters to Naumburg from Dorothy Straus, 2 60

Naumburg's lawyer, to whom the League was sending copyright
materials for a script by Naumburg, as well as Jocelyn Tong and Rose
Collins, secretaries at the Authors' League of America (2 items), 1938.
Azima, Fern J. Cramer, letters to and from Naumburg, a letter to Hassan 2 61

Azima, a psychiatrist with an interest in occupational therapy, answered
by Fern J. Cramer Azima, his wife, who shared his professional interests
and co-authored articles with him (2 items), 1962.
Bach, George R. (George Robert), 1914-1986, letters to and from 2 62

Naumburg includes letters from both George Bach, director of the
Institute of Group Psychotherapy, and Peggy Bach, his wife (5 items),
1958-1968.
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I. Correspondence
Ballière, Tindall & Cassell Ltd., letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), 2 63
1966.
Bank Street College of Education, letter from Naumburg addressed 2 64

to Phyllis Stricks, director of admissions, recommending Naumburg's
student Geraldine Ann Nakajima (1 item), 1972.
Barlow, Gary, letters to and from Naumburg (4 items), 1963. 2 65
Barrera, Eugene, letter from Naumburg sent at the suggestion of 2 66

Bernard Pacella and N. D. C. Lewis, both psychiatrists at the New York
Psychiatric Institute (1 item), 1943.
Barron, Frank, 1922-2002, letter to Naumburg, written by Jane 2 67

Wachsmuth, secretary to Frank Barron, on Barron's behalf (1 item), 1972.
Baruch, Dorothy Walter, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1961. 2 68
Bazan, Jo Ellen, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1969. 2 69
Beck, Robert H. (Robert Holmes), letters to and from Naumburg, 2 70

includes a letter from Naumburg describing how her first book was
intended as a challenge to the educational philosophy of John Dewey. (3
items), 1941-1959.
Beck, S. J., letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1946. 2 71
Beeber, Ellen, letter to Naumburg from Beeber and Maxine Epstein, art 2 72
education students at Boston University (1 item), 1965.
Beer, François-Joachim, letters to and from Naumburg (4 items), 2 73

1958-1959.
- Page 30 -
I. Correspondence
Behavioral Science Book Service, letters to and from Naumburg (3 2 74

items), 1970.
Behlen, Frieda J., director of the Occupational Therapy Curriculum 2 75

at NYU, letters to Naumburg enclosing a rejection letter from Lucie
Spence Murphy, editor of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy,
concerning a paper submitted to the journal by Naumburg (2 items),
1960.
Bellak, Leopold, 1916-2000, letters to and from Naumburg (8 items), 2 76

1972-1974.
Bender, Lauretta, 1897-1987, letters from Naumburg includes a letter 2 77

(forwarded by Naumburg) by Harms, editor of the journal The Nervous
Child, to Bender. (2 items), 1946.
Benson, Herbert, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1974. 2 78
Berg, Rhoda M., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1958. 2 79
Berkowitz, Pearl H., letter from Naumburg inviting Berkowitz, a 2 80

psychiatrist at Bellevue Hospital, to participate in a panel at the 1959
National Art Association annual meeting (1 item), 1959.
Bettelheim, Bruno, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1961-1962. 2 81
Beverly Hills Hotel, letters to and from Naumburg (6 items), 1958. 2 82
Bierer, Joshua, letter from Naumburg (1 item), undated. 2 83
Billig, Otto, letters to and from Naumburg (14 items), 1947-1973. 2 84-86
Binswanger, Kurt, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1947. 2 87
- Page 31 -
I. Correspondence
Bixler, Ray H., art therapy faculty member at the University of 2 88

Louisville, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1958.
Blake,, letters from Naumburg (4 items), undated. 2 89
Blanco White, Amber Reeves, 1887-1981, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 2 90

undated.
Boas, George, 1891-1980, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1952. 2 91
Bollingen Foundation, letters to and from Naumburg and Elizabeth 2 92

Oldham, secretary to Mr. Barrett, director of the Bollingen Foundation,
includes mention of a Foundation party for Sigfried Giedion and
permission to quote from a book by Giedion (2 items), 1964-1966.
Bower, Eli Michael, consultant on mental health in education at the 2 93-94

National Institute of Mental Health, letters to and from Naumburg (12
items), 1963-1965.
Bowers, Margaretta K., letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1961. 2 95
Bowman, Karl M., medical superintendent of the Langley Porter Clinic, 2 96

California Department of Mental Hygiene, letters to Naumburg (2 items),
1946.
Brandfield, Kitty, arts and crafts teacher at the Girls Service League, 2 97
letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1959.
Brandt & Brandt, letters to Naumburg and Carl Brandt concerning a play 2 98
submitted by Naumburg (3 items), 1937.
Brentano's (Firm), letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1944. 2 99
Briansky, Laura, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 2 100
- Page 32 -
I. Correspondence
Briehl, Walter, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 2 101
Brobeck, Florence, letters to Naumburg (4 items), 1962. 2 102
Broderick, Alice, student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 2 103

1960.
Brown, Helen A., student of Naumburg at New York University, letter to 2 104
Naumburg (1 item), undated.
Brown, Sandra, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1963. 2 105
Brown, Walter L., letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1956. 2 106
Brown, William, 1881-1952, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1936. 2 107
Bruch, Hilde, 1904-1984, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1944. 2 108
Brun, Gudrun Sophie-Kjaer, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1962. 2 109
Brunse, Anthony J., letters to and from Naumburg (8 items), 1964-1965. 2 110
Bryan, Hugh, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1959. 2 111
Bryant, E. Andr'ee, student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 2 112

1959.
Brydges, Earl William, 1905-1975, New York state senator, letter to 2 113
Naumburg (1 item), 1972.
Brzeski, Nancy, director of research, Psychiatric Treatment Center, New 2 114-117

York City, letters to and from Naumburg (16 items), 1967-1969.
Buchenholz, Bruce, letters to and from Naumburg (6 items), 1962-1968. 2 118
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I. Correspondence
Buoye, Pat, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1973. 2 119
Burger, Virginia T., student of Naumburg and an art therapy practitioner 2 120-121
at the Houston State Psychiatric Institute under the supervision of Kraft,
letters to and from Naumburg regarding a visit by Naumburg to the
Institute (14 items), 1962.
Burnham, John C. (John Chynoweth), letter from Naumburg (1 item), 2 122

1960.
C. G. Jung Foundation for Analytical Psychology, letter from Naumburg 2 123

(1 item), 1969.
Calabro, Hilda, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1972. 2 124
Caldwell, Janet, letter from Naumburg regarding Caldwell and 2 125

Naumburg's collaboration on a paper concerning the use of art therapy
with obese women in a group therapy context (1 item), 1956.
Callisen, S. A., president, Parsons School of Design, New York City, 2 126
letters to Naumburg (3 items), 1961-1963.
Cane, Florence, 1882-1952, sister of Naumburg and an art educator, 2 127

letters from Naumburg (2 items), 1912-1915.
Cane, Melville, 1879-1980, brother-in-law (also a lawyer and a poet), 2 128

letters to and from Naumburg (6 items), 1922-1975.
Canter, Walter A., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1973. 2 129
Capers, Roberta Murray, former chair of the art department, Tulane 2 130-133
University, letters to and from Naumburg includes a description of a
meeting between Capers and British art therapist Diana Raphael (18
items), 1968-1969.
- Page 34 -
I. Correspondence
Card, Olive J., consultant, Home and Family Life Education, Division 2 134
of Adult Education, Michigan Department of Public Instruction, letter to
Carter, Harold E., student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 2 135

1957-1960.
Centre International de Documentation Concernant les Expressions 2 136

Plastiques, letters to Naumburg (5 items), 1969-1972.
Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, letters to and from Naumburg includes 2 137

a letter from Lawrence Bentley concerning Naumburg's review of a
Charles C. Thomas book in the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
(Milton Schwebel, Review Editor) (4 items), 1966.
Chekhov Theatre Studio (Ridgefield, Conn.), rejection letter concerning a 2 138

Naumburg play to Ethel Sanders Fagon, an agent, from Beatrice Straight
on behalf of the company (1 item), 1941.
Ciba Pharmaceutical Company, letters to and from Naumburg and 3 139

Adelaide Hammargren, of Ciba's Scientific Information Center,
concerning reprints (2 items), 1961.
Cimon, Louise, student of Naumburg, letters to and from Naumburg (7 3 140

items), 1962-1968.
Ciprandi, Maria Camilla, Italian child psychologist, letters to Naumburg 3 141

(4 items), 1965.
Citizens Committee for the Arts, letter to Naumburg from Frances Miller, 3 142
designer and publicity chair for the Citizen's Committee for the Arts (1
item), 1942.
- Page 35 -
I. Correspondence
Cleveland Museum of Art, letters to and from Naumburg and James 3 143
R. Johnson, associate curator of education, concerning a lecture by
Naumburg at the Museum (3 items), 1960.
Cohen, Felice Weill, art therapist first at the Houston State Psychiatric 3 144
Institute and later the Child Guidance Center of Houston, letters to and
from Naumburg regarding advice on setting up a program (4 items),
1968.
Cohen, George, stenographer, letters to and from Naumburg concerning 3 145

his notes from Naumburg and Dewey's consultation with a trance
medium (2 items), 1934-1935.
Cohen, Rhoda, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 3 146
Cohen, Sol, lecturer at the University of California, Los Angeles, letters 3 147
to and from Naumburg concerning Naumburg's experience with early
Montessori education in the United States (2 items), 1967.
College Art Association of America, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 3 148

undated.
Committee on Creative Activity, letter to Naumburg from Emeline 3 149

Place Hayward, chair of the Committee, inviting Naumburg to attend the
Committee's meetings (1 item), 1949.
Committee on Militarism in Education (U.S.), letters to Naumburg 3 150-151

includes printed materials received by Naumburg (17 items), 1932.
Conant, Howard, chair, Art Education Department, New York University, 3 152-171
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I. Correspondence
Coney Island Hospital, letter of recommendation from Naumburg for 3 172

Ralston, her student, addressed to Joseph Levi, chief psychologist at
Coney Island Hospital (1 item), 1965.
Conference Board of the Associated Councils. Committee on 3 173-174

International Exchange of Persons, letters to and from Naumburg and
Anne Carpenter, program officer for the Committee on International
Exchange of Persons, following the invitation of Reca to lecture at the
University of Buenos Aires and the advice of Kwiatkowska (10 items),
1966.
Connor, Frances P., associate professor, Department of Special 3 175

Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, letters to and from
Naumburg (2 items), 1959.
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, letters to and 3 177
from Naumburg and Johnson E. Fairchild, head of the Division of
Social Philosophy at Cooper Union, concerning a lecture to be given by
Cooper, Elizabeth T., letters to Naumburg on the advice of Mathias, 3 176

editor of the American Occupational Therapy Association newsletter (3
items), 1959.
Cottington, Frances, director of the Mental Health Clinic, Queen's 3 178

Hospital, Honolulu, letters to and from Naumburg includes mentions of
Migneault, who was particularly interested in art therapy while a resident
at Queen's Hospital (5 items), 1966-1968.
Council for Democracy, letter from Naumburg (1 item), undated. 3 179
Council for Exceptional Children, letters to and from Naumburg 3 180

and Angeline Gialas, assistant executive secretary; William C. Geer,
executive secretary; and John W. Melcher, 1969 program chairman, at
- Page 37 -
I. Correspondence
the suggestion of Gallagher, Associate Commissioner for Education for

the Handicapped in the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare (8
items), 1968.
Council for Exceptional Children. Newark Chapter, letters to and from 3 181
Naumburg and Alice M. Moore, past president of the Newark Chapter,
concerning a lecture to be given by Naumburg (5 items), 1967.
Countee, Samuel, a New York public school art teacher, letter from 3 182
Counts, George S. (George Sylvester), 1889-1974, letter from Naumburg 3 183

(1 item), 1932.
Curran, Frank J., psychiatrist, Bellevue Hospital, New York, who briefly 3 184
supervised Naumburg in drama therapy work with adolescent boys, letter
from Naumburg (1 item), 1945.
Curtis, John R., director, University Health Services, University of 3 185

Georgia, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1969.
Dalton School (New York, N.Y.), letter of recommendation from 3 186

Naumburg for her student Muriel Foster, addressed to Ruth Cooke,
admissions director at Dalton (1 item), undated.
Dame, Elma, astrologer, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1933. 3 187
Davies, Austin M., executive assistant, American Psychiatric 3 188

Association, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1952.
Davis, Irma L., student of Naumburg and an associate at the New School 3 189
for Social Research, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1953.
Davis, Renée, student of Naumberg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1963. 3 190
- Page 38 -
I. Correspondence
Davis, Roberta M., art therapy practitioner at Craig House for Children, 3 191
Pittsburgh, letters to and from Naumburg (7 items), 1959.
Dawson, Charles B., student of Naumburg and art therapy practitioner, 3 192
letters to and from Naumburg (7 items), 1959.
De Luca, Donna, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1970. 3 194
Delachaux & Niestlé (Firm), letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1966. 3 193
DeRosa, Patrick, student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 3 195

1962.
Despert, J. Louise, letters from Naumburg including a copy of a letter 3 196

from Harms (4 items), 1944-1946.
Devereux Foundation, letters to Naumburg from Robert A. Semple, art 4 198

therapy practitioner at the Devereux Schools, concerning the Devereux
art therapy program (2 items), undated.
Devereux, Helena T., founder of the Devereux Schools, letters to and 4 197
from Naumburg (4 items), undated.
Dewey, John, 1859-1952, one of Naumburg's professors at Barnard, 4 199

letters to and from Naumburg concerning Indian schools in the Southwest
and one of Naumburg's books (2 items), 1930-1947.
District of Columbia Occupational Therapy Association, letters to and 4 200

from Naumburg and Austina B. Mallory, chair of the Association's
Education Committee, concerning an art therapy course to be given by
Dohzen, Patti, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1970. 4 201
- Page 39 -
I. Correspondence
Dopfel, Helen B., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1958. 4 202
Dorfles, Gillo, 1910-2018, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1969. 4 203
Dunn, Michael B., director of professional services at the Devereux 4 204

Schools, letter from Naumburg about a paper Naumburg wrote jointly
with Caldwell (1 item), 1956.
Eastern Arts Association, letters to and from Naumburg and Italo 4 205
DeFrancesco, president of the Association, concerning a lecture to be
given by Naumburg (3 items), 1947.
Eben, Lois Ellen, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1958. 4 206
Ebon, Martin, former administrator and editor at Eileen Garrett's 4 207

Parapsychology Foundation, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1969.
Eisner, Elliott W., letters to and from Naumburg concerning Naumburg's 4 208
article in Macmillan's Encyclopedia of Education, for which Eisner
recommended her (7 items), 1968.
Ekelund, Margot, letters to and from Naumburg (5 items), 1969-1973. 4 209
Engle, letter of recommendation from Naumburg for Nakajima, 4 210

Naumburg's student, for a position at Engle's unnamed school (1 item),
1972.
ERIC Clearinghouse on Exceptional Children, letter from Naumburg to 4 211

June B. Gordon, director of ERIC, written at the suggestion of Gallagher,
Associate Commissioner of Education for the Handicapped, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare (1 item), 1968.
Evening mail (New York, N.Y. : 1904), letters to Naumburg from 4 212
Edward A. Rumeley, managing vice-president, and Rheta Louise Childe
- Page 40 -
I. Correspondence
Dorr, a writer, concerning a series of articles by Naumburg (4 items),

1916.
Fairchild, Mildred L., professor of Fine Arts, Teachers College, letters 4 213
to and from Naumburg concerning possible publication of papers by
the members of a panel organized by Naumburg, including Naumburg,
Berkowitz, Miles, and Morgan (2 items), 1959.
Federal Art Project, letter to Naumburg from Karl M. Bowman, director 4 214
of the psychiatric division of Bellevue Hospital, and Audrey McMahon,
assistant to the national director of the Federal Art Project, inviting her to
a conference on art and psychopathology (1 item), 1938.
Federal Theatre Project (New York, N.Y.), letters to Naumburg from 4 215
Hallie Flanagan, director of the Federal Theatre Project, and Helen
Tamiris, head of the Dance Project, concerning a dance script by
Federn, Paul, New York psychoanalyst, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 4 216

1947.
Fidelman, Victory, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 4 217
Flowers, Yvonne A., student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 4 218

undated.
Fodor, Nandor, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1938. 4 219
Fontaine, John H., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1962. 4 220
Fordham University, New York. School of Social Service, letters to 4 221

and from Naumburg and Lucy K. Loughrey, director of admissions at
Fordham, concerning a recommendation for Wendt, Naumburg's student
(2 items), 1968.
- Page 41 -
I. Correspondence
Forest Hospital (Des Plaines, Ill.), letters to and from Naumburg and 4 222
Rudolph G. Novick, medical director of Forest Hospital, concerning a
lecture to be given by Naumburg (7 items), 1971.
Forum (New York, N.Y. : 1886), letter to Naumburg from Henry 4 223
Goddard Leach, an editor at Forum, concerning Naumburg's book on
education and article possibilities (1 item), 1927.
Foster, Muriel, student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 4 224

1961.
Foundation for Integrated Education, letters to and from Naumburg and 4 225
F.L. Kunz, Executive Vice President of the Foundation, concerning a
lecture given by Naumburg and a later event coordinated by Arnheim (7
items), 1955-1965.
Fountain Valley School (Colorado Springs, Colo.), letters to Naumburg 4 226

from Francis Mitchell Froelicher, head master of the School, concerning
the possible admission of Frank, Naumburg's son (4 items), 1934.
Franciscus, Marie Louise, occupational therapist and director of 4 227

training for occupational therapists at College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items),
1956-1964.
Frank, Thomas, son of Naumburg and Waldo Frank, letter to Naumburg 4 228
(1 item), undated.
Frank, Waldo David, 1889-1967, letters from Naumburg regarding the 4 229
financial support by Frank, Naumburg's former husband, of Thomas
Frank, their son (2 items), 1932.
Freshman, Elissa Ann, letter to Naumburg requesting information written 4 230

at the suggestion of Andrews, an art education professor at Syracuse
- Page 42 -
I. Correspondence
University, and mentioning an article by Howard, one of Naumburg's

students (1 item), 1965.
Frew Hall Travel, Inc. (New York, N.Y.), letters to Naumburg from 4 231
Margaret S. Furst regarding travel arrangements for Naumburg and her
friend and colleague Augeros (10 items), 1965-1966.
Friedman, June, occupational therapy student, letter to Naumburg (1 4 232

item), undated.
Fromm, Erich, letter from Naumburg who wrote at the suggestion of 4 233
Fromm-Reichmann and also mentions Anshen, another mutual friend (1
item), 1949.
Fromm-Reichmann, Frieda, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1948-1953. 4 234
Frondel, Eleanor, student of Naumburg, letters to and from Naumburg (2 4 235

items), 1959.
Gallagher, James John, letters to and from Naumburg referring her 4 236
to the Council for Exceptional Children, the ERIC Clearinghouse on
Exceptional Children, the Bureau for Physically Handicapped Children,
and Goldstein (5 items), 1968.
Garma, Ángel. Argentinian psychoanalyst, letters to and from Naumburg 4 237

(13 items), 1951-1959.
Garrett, Eileen Jeanette Lyttle, 1893-1970, trance medium, letters to 4 238-239,

Naumburg (15 items), 1933-1938. 4394
Gayne, Clifton, chairman, Art Education Department, University of 4 240

Minnesota, letters from Naumburg (2 items), 1968.
- Page 43 -
I. Correspondence
Getzels, Jacob W., professor of Education, University of Chicago, letter 4 241

to Naumburg (1 item), 1962.
Giedion, S. (Sigfried), 1888-1968, Swiss historian of art and architecture, 4 242

letters to and from Naumburg (4 items), 1964.
Gilbert, Mary Wood, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1956. 4 243
Girl Scouts of the United States of America, letters to Naumburg from 4 244
Charles H. Young, who was in charge of a national study of the Girl
Scouts program, concerning an associate position for which Counts, a
professor at Teachers College, had recommended Naumburg (3 items),
1935.
Glassboro State College, letters to and from Naumburg and Conrad, 4 245
chairman, Department of Art, concerning a lecture to be given by
Gogel, Kenneth, assistant Professor of Art, Iowa State Teachers College, 4 246
letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1959.
Göknar, Kemal, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1958. 4 247
Goldensohn, Leon, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1943. 4 248
Goldsmith, Cornelia, director, Day Care Unit, Bureau of Child Hygiene, 4 249
City of New York Department of Health, letter to Naumburg (1 item),
1945.
Goldstein, Herbert, chairman, Department of Special Education, Yeshiva 4 250

University, letter from Naumburg written at the suggestion of Gallagher,
Associate Commissioner for Education for the Handicapped, U.S. Dept.
of Health, Education, and Welfare (1 item), 1968.
- Page 44 -
I. Correspondence
Gondor, Emery I., New York City psychologist, letter to Naumburg (1 4 251
item), 1963.
Goodman, Diane, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1973. 4 252
Gordon, James S. (James Samuel), letters from Naumburg (2 items), 4 253

1971.
Grady, Chester, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1940. 4 254
Graham, Mary, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1970. 4 255
Greenberg, Pearl, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1959. 4 256
Greenwich Savings Bank, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1973. 4 257
Grey, Jean, student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 4 258
Grinstein, Alexander, compiler and editor of The Index of Psychoanalytic 4 259

Writings, letters to and from Naumburg inviting Naumburg to submit a
list of her publications (4 items), 1968.
Group Theatre (U.S.), rejection letter to Naumburg from Henry Shale, 4 260
playreader for the Group Theatre, in response to a script submitted by
Grune & Stratton, letters to and from Naumburg and various Grune & 4 261-262
Stratton employees, including Henry M. Stratton, Louise E. Hoffheimer,
and Duncan Mackintosh, about various publications by Naumburg (20
items), 1943-1970.
Gundy, Ysobel, Naumburg's stenographer, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 4 263

1940.
- Page 45 -
I. Correspondence
Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia, letters to 4 264-265

and from Naumburg and Morris J. Goldman, director, Day Hospital
and Psychiatric Inpatient Services; Paul Jay Fink, director, Psychiatric
Education; and Myra F. Levick, director, Art Therapy (15 items),
1967-1968.
Halliday, Diana Raphael, British art therapist, letter to Naumburg (1 4 266

item), 1965.
Hamblet, Mae Newman, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1965. 4 267
Hamilton, Joseph S., letters to Naumburg from education researchers 4 268

Joseph Hamilton and his wife Martha Hamilton concerning a visit and
discussion with Naumburg (4 items), 1971.
Hammer, Emanuel F. (Emanuel Frederick), letters to and from Naumburg 4 269

(4 items), 1960.
Harcourt Brace & Company, letters to and from Naumburg and Alfred 4 270
Harcourt, John D. Chase, and Samuel Sloan, employees of Harcourt
Brace, concerning their publication of Naumburg's first book and
Naumburg's submissions of a play and an autobiography of Garrett, with
frequent mention of Cane, who was company counsel for Harcourt Brace
in addition to being Naumburg's brother-in-law (6 items), 1928-1954.
Harms, Thelma, letters to Naumburg includes a copy of a letter Harms 4 271

sent to Baird, Coordinator of Special Programs, University Extension,
University of California, Berkeley (2 items), 1969.
Harris, Roy, 1898-1979, American composer, letter to Naumburg (1 4 272

item), 1940.
Hasenbush, L. Lee, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1957. 4 273
- Page 46 -
I. Correspondence
Hastie, Reid, professor, Department of Art Education, University of 4 274

Minnesota, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1961.
Hay, A. W. S., Canadian psychiatrist with an interest in art therapy, 4 275

Hidden, Frances, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 4 276
Hipwell, M. Eleanor, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1969. 4 277
Hoch, Paul H. (Paul Henry), 1902-1964, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 4 278
1959.
Hôpital Sant-Michel-Archange, Quebec, letters to and from Naumburg 4 280-281

and Harry Grantham, scientific director of the hospital, and Jocelyne
Laroche, another staff member at the hospital, concerning a visit by
Naumburg, with mention of Migneault as the psychiatric resident who
arranged for her visit (11 items), 1967-1968.
Holsinger, Walter D., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1940. 4 279
Hopkins, Arthur, 1878-1950, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 4 282

1937.
Horowitz, Mardi Jon, psychiatrist and organizer of a panel on art therapy 5 283
at the 1969 American Psychiatric Association annual meeting, letters to
and from Naumburg (7 items), 1963-1969.
Houston State Psychiatric Institute, letters to and from Naumburg and 5 284
Irvin A. Kraft, chief of the Child Psychiatry Section at the Psychiatric
Institute, concerning a visit and lectures by Naumburg (9 items),
1962-1963.
- Page 47 -
I. Correspondence
Howard, Judith, student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 5 285

1962.
Howard, Margaret Cummings, student of Naumburg and art therapist 5 286-288

at the Children's Medical Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma, letters to and from
Humbert, Aimée, president of the French Section of the International 5 289

Society for Education through Art, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1969.
Hunt, Yvonne Parks, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1958. 5 290
Hunter College. School of Social Work, letters of recommendation from 5 291

Naumburg for Wendt and Zarowin, both students of Naumburg (2 items),
1967.
Idaho State School and Hospital (Nampa, Idaho), letters to and from 5 292-294
Naumburg and Clarence A. McIntyre, director of professional services at
the Idaho State School and Hospital, concerning a visit and lectures by
Ilson, William, student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 5 295

1960-1961.
Institute for Psychotherapy (New York, N.Y.), letter from Naumburg (1 5 296
item), 1956.
Institute of Group Psychotherapy (Beverly Hills, Calif.), letter to 5 297

Naumburg signed by Yetta M. Bernhard refers to a discussion with Bach,
director of the Institute (1 item), 1965.
Institute of International Education (New York, N.Y.), letter to 5 298

Naumburg and Ann Gellert, program specialist for the Special Projects
and Arts Department of the Institute, regarding an exchange visit by
- Page 48 -
I. Correspondence
Morawski, associate professor of aesthetics at the University of Warsaw

(1 item), 1962.
Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital, letters to and from Naumburg and 5 299

Lauren H. Smith, physician-in-chief, and Van B.O, Hammett, executive
medical officer (7 items), 1947-1951.
International Council of Group Psychotherapy, letters to and from 5 301

Naumburg and Serge Lebovici, French representative on the Executive
Council and program chairman of the Second International Congress
of Group Therapy, and Wellman J. Warner, U.S. representative on the
Executive Council and chairman of the Expansion Committee (5 items),
1957-1958.
International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, letters to and from 5 302

Naumburg and Beryce W. MacLennan, book review editor of the journal,
concerning a review by Naumburg (3 items), 1960.
International Journal of Psychiatry, letters to and from Naumburg and 5 303-304

Jason Aronson, editor of the journal, concerning a response by Naumburg
to an upcoming article by Fink, director of psychiatric education at
Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia, Levick,
director of art therapy at Hahnemann, and Goldman, director of the day
hospital and psychiatric inpatient services at Hahnemann (8 items), 1972.
International Society for Education Through Art, letters to and from 5 305-306
Naumburg and Pauli Tolman, INSEA's international publicity director,
and Charles Gaitskell, INSEA's president, about the 1963 assembly;
and with M. Eleanor Hipwell and Lucy Burroughs concerning the 1970
congress (13 items), 1962-1970.
International Society of Psychopathology of Expression, letters to and 5 300

from Naumburg and Robert Volmat, an officer of the Society (4 items),
1961-1964.
- Page 49 -
I. Correspondence
International Universities Press, letters to and from Naumburg with 5 307

letters signed by Abram Saulovich Kagan on behalf of S.R. Slavson
and another letter from W.C. Starke, office manager for the publisher (4
items), 1957-1966.
Jacobs, Donna, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1974. 5 308
Jaime, Sergio, Mexican psychiatrist with an interest in art therapy, letters 5 309
to Naumburg (3 items), 1963.
Jakab, Irene, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1968. 5 310
Jelliffe, Belinda Dobson, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 5 311
Jersey City State College, letters to and from Naumburg and George 5 312
Voller, associate professor of special education at the College, concerning
a lecture to be given by Naumburg (3 items), 1968.
John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, letters from Naumburg 5 313

addressed to Henry Allen Moe (2 items), 1952.
Johnson, Alvin Saunders, 1874-1971, head of the New School for Social 5 314-315
Research, letters to and from Naumburg (14 items), 1928-1954.
Johnson, Ivan E., head of the Department of Art Education at Florida 5 316
State University, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1962.
Joint Army and Navy Committee on Welfare and Recreation, letters to 5 317
and from Naumburg and Francis Keppel, secretary of the Committee,
concerning the use of arts for therapeutic and recreational purposes in the
armed services (4 items), 1943.
Jones, Robert Edmond, 1887-1954, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1950. 5 318
- Page 50 -
I. Correspondence
Jonson, Raymond, 1891-1982, letters to and from Naumburg (15 items), 5 319-320
1932.
Joseph, Nannine, literary agent, letters to Naumburg concerning a 5 321

manuscript of a biography or an autobiography of Garrett, a trance
medium (7 items), 1939.
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, letters to and from 5 322

Naumburg and Gordon W. Allport, editor of the Journal, concerning a
possible review of a book by Naumburg and news of Frank, Naumburg's
son and Allport's student (2 items), 1947.
Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, letters to and from Naumburg 5 323-324
and Thomas Munro and Herbert M. Schueller during their tenures as
editor of the Journal concerning articles submitted by Naumburg (18
items), 1954-1965.
Journal of Humanistic Psychology, form letter to Naumburg from 5 325

Gretchen Siemens, circulation manager of the Journal (1 item), undated.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, letter to Naumburg from Jacob 5 326
E. Finesinger, editor-in-chief of the Journal, concerning a submission by
Jouvet, Louis, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1937. 5 327
Jungels, Georgiana, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1975. 5 328
Kalinkowitz, Bernard, coordinator of Clinical Training, Department of 5 329

Psychology, New York University, letters to and from Naumburg (4
items), 1959-1966.
- Page 51 -
I. Correspondence
Kanner, Leo, 1894-1981, director, Children's Psychiatric Service, 5 330

The Johns Hopkins Hospital, letters to and from Naumburg (5 items),
1945-1947.
Karnosh, Louis J. (Louis Joseph), neuropsychiatrist, Cleveland Clinic, 5 331

Cleveland, Ohio, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1947.
Katz, Elias, assistant director of the Center for Training in Community 5 332
Psychiatry and Mental Health Administration, Berkeley, California,
copy of a letter sent to Joseph Kerner, chair of the Department of Special
Education, San Francisco State College (1 item), 1968.
Kay-Scott, C., born 1879, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1925. 5 333
Keith, Lisa, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1974. 5 334
Kenilworth Hotel (London), letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1970. 5 335
Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968, letters to and from Naumburg and 5 336
Kennedy's senatorial office (2 items), 1966.
King, Patricia Miller, director of the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger 5 337
Library on the History of Women in America, Radcliffe College, letters
to and from Naumburg concerning Naumburg's desire to receive financial
assistance for putting her papers in order and to leave them to the Library
(4 items), 1973.
Kirstein, Lincoln, 1907-1996, director of Ballet Caravan, letter to 5 338

Naumburg concerning a proposal for a ballet by Naumburg and
mentioning Reis, Naumburg's early educational collaborator and later
president of the League of Composers (1 item), 1938.
Kläger, Max, letters to Naumburg (4 items), 1969. 5 339
- Page 52 -
I. Correspondence
Kraft, Irvin A., chief of the Child Psychiatry Section at the Houston State 5 340
Psychiatric Institute, letters to and from Naumburg includes mentions of
Burger, art therapist at the Institute, and Howard, an art therapist working
in Tulsa (2 items), 1963-1968.
Kramer, Edith, art therapist and instructor at the New School for Social 5 341
Research, letters to Naumburg (3 items), 1962.
Kubie, Lawrence S. (Lawrence Schlesinger), 1896-1973, letters to and 5 342

from Naumburg (3 items), 1951-1961.
Kumler, Karen, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1963. 5 343
Kutztown State College, letters to and from Naumburg Correspondence 5 344

with Heilman, director of art education at the College, concerning a
lecture to be given there by Naumburg. (12 items), 1962.
Kwiatkowska, Hanna Yaxa, art therapist at NIMH and student of 5 345-349

Naumburg, letters to and from Naumburg (36 items), 1957-1973.
L'Aventure, Sally, letters to and from Naumburg (7 items), 1967. 6 350
Lee, Porter Raymond, director of the New York School of Social Work, 6 351
letter to Naumburg concerning Naumburg's first book, addressed to the
publisher and forwarded to her by them (1 item), 1928.
Lehmann, Heinz E. (Heinz Edgar), letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1957. 6 352
Leonard, Claire, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1941. 6 354
Leopold, Edith and Harold, letters to and from Naumburg (1 item), 1969. 6 355
LeShan, Lawrence L., letters from Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 6 356
- Page 53 -
I. Correspondence
Levine, Judith M., student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 6 357

1965.
Levy, Bette, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 6 358
Levy, David M. (David Mordecai), born 1892, letter to Naumburg (1 6 353

item), 1945.
Lewis, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1965. 6 359
Lewis, Marian, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 6 360
Lewis, Nolan D. C. (Nolan Don Carpentier), 1889-1979, psychiatrist 6 361-367

with an interest in schizophrenic art, director at the New York State
Psychiatric Institute and Hospital, and mentor to Naumburg, letters to and
Lidston, John, letter from Naumburg addressed to the Department of 6 368

Education, Queens College (1 item), 1959.
Lindahl, Sophia, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 6 369
Little, Brown and Company, letters to and from Naumburg and Allen 6 370
of Little, Brown and Company's Medical Book Department concerning
permissions to quote in a work by Naumburg (3 items), 1966.
Lo Sacco, Roberta, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1965. 6 371
Loeser, Lewis H., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1951. 6 372
Long Island University, letter to Naumburg from Long, assistant to the 6 373
Dean, Division of Teacher Education, Long Island University, concerning
a lecture to be given there by Naumburg (1 item), 1968.
- Page 54 -
I. Correspondence
Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 6 374

1958.
M. H. Mental hygiene, letter from Naumburg to Wagenhals, assistant 6 375

editor, which accompanied a book review written by Naumburg (1 item),
1955.
McCall, Monica, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1941. 6 376
McClelland, David C. (David Clarence), letter to Naumburg (1 item), 6 377

1962.
McKillen, Alice, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1959. 6 378
McKittrick, Margaret, letter to Naumburg includes a report by 6 379

McKittrick, field investigator for the Eastern and New Mexico
Associations on Indian Affairs, about Indian schools and which describes
the involvement of both Dewey and Naumburg (1 item), 1930.
Macmillan Company, letters to and from Naumburg and Lee C. 6 380-381

Deighton, editor in chief of an encyclopedia of education, and William
Darrach Halsey, president, concerning an article written by Naumburg for
the encyclopedia but never published (22 items), 1968-1973.
Mahler, Margaret S., letter from Naumburg with two copies of letters 6 382
from Naumburg to Lewis and Harms all concerning a controversy
between Naumburg and Harms (3 items), 1946.
Maimonides Hospital of Brooklyn, letter from Naumburg to Ulman, 6 383

director of the department of psychiatry at the Hospital, concerning a
lecture to be given there by Naumburg (1 item), undated.
- Page 55 -
I. Correspondence
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company, letters from Naumburg 6 384

addressed to Davis Pontius, concerning a safe deposit box (2 items),
1973.
Margetts, Edward L., Canadian psychiatrist with an interest in primitive 6 385

art, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1951.
Marion, Peller, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1972. 6 386
Mars, Louis, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1955. 6 387
Mary Mercedes, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1961. 6 388
Maslow, Abraham H. (Abraham Harold), letters to and from Naumburg 6 389

(6 items), 1961-1962.
Massachusetts College of Art, letters to and from Naumburg and Algalee 6 390
P. Adams, professor of art education at the College, concerning the
possibility of a lecture there by Naumburg (4 items), 1974.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 6 391

1959.
Massachusetts Mental Health Center, letters to and from Naumburg and 6 392
Marilyn M. Clark and Kenneth S. Robson, respectively head occupational
therapist and resident in psychiatry at the Center, concerning Naumburg's
summer course and a lecture to be given at the Center by Naumburg and
mentioning Carolyn C. Refsnes, a worker at the Center and a student of
Masserman, Jules Hymen, editor of Current psychiatric therapies, letters 6 393

to and from Naumburg concerning a contribution by Naumburg (5 items),
1966.
- Page 56 -
I. Correspondence
Matson, Harold, letter to Naumburg written by Ann Toomey, Matson's 6 394

secretary, on behalf of Matson (1 item), 1940.
Matthews, Barbara, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 6 395
May, Rollo, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1965. 6 396
Mayer, May Benzenberg, letters to and from Naumburg and LaDue, 6 397
Mayer's secretary (3 items), 1932.
Meares, Ainslie, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), 1966. 6 398
Menninger Foundation, letters to and from Naumburg ; letters on 6 399-406

Menninger Foundation letterhead signed by Gardner Murphy, John R.
Malban, Karl A. Menninger, Donald A. Neher, Herbert Klemmer, and
Kay Stoner (59 items), 1958-1967.
Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), form letter from Edward 6 407
M.M. Warburg, Vice-Director of Public Affairs at the Museum, to the
membership (1 item), undated.
Meyer, Adolf, 1866-1950, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1945. 6 408
Miami University (Oxford, Ohio), letters to and from Naumburg and 6 409
John David Millett, president of the University, and Derwin Edwards,
chair of the art education department, concerning a summer course
offered there by Naumburg (6 items), 1962.
Michelis, P. A., letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1960. 6 410
Migneault, Pierre, letters to and from Naumburg (23 items), 1967. 6 411-414
Miles, Helen Cabot, letters to Naumburg (6 items), 1959. 6 415
- Page 57 -
I. Correspondence
Mills, Robert B., adjunct assistant professor, Department of Psychology, 6 416

University of Cincinnati, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1964.
Moloney, James Clark, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1952. 6 417
Monico, Ida M., student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 6 418

1962.
Montclair State College, letters to and from Naumburg and Foster 6 419
Wygant and Lilian A. Calcia, respectively chair of and professor in the
department of fine arts at the College, concerning a talk given there by
Moore, Douglas, 1893-1969, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1940. 6 420
Moreno, Zerka T. (Zerka Toeman), letter to Naumburg includes greetings 7 421

from her husband Jacob Moreno, with whom Naumburg trained in the
use of psychodrama (1 item), 1962.
Morgan, Andrew W., art teacher, chair of art department in the College 7 422-423
of Liberal Arts of the University of Mississippi, and president of
the Kansas City Art Institute, letters to and from Naumburg some
regarding his participation in a panel organized by Naumburg and
mentioning Fairchild, a professor in the art education department at
Teachers College, who put Naumburg in contact with most of her panel
participants (7 items), 1958-1963.
Morgan, Olive John, letters to and from Naumburg (4 items), 1963-1964. 7 424
Morton Prince Clinic for Hypnotherapy, letter from Naumburg addressed 7 425
to Morton V. Kline (1 item), 1965.
Mouton Publishers, letters to Naumburg signed by A. Bornkamp (2 7 426

items), 1966.
- Page 58 -
I. Correspondence
Muller, Elsie F., art therapist in Kansas, letters to Naumburg includes 7 427
mentions of Howard, an art therapist in Oklahoma and student of
Naumburg, and Ulman, editor of the Bulletin of art therapy (7 items),
1961-1963.
Mumford, Lewis, 1895-1990, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 7 428

1955.
Muni, Paul, 1895-1967, letters to Naumburg includes a draft of a letter 7 429

written to Muni regarding a play by Naumburg, signed by E. Beliveau (3
items), 1937.
Murphy, Gardner, 1895-1979, research director at the Menninger 7 430-431

Foundation in Kansas and at different times the president of both the
American Psychological Association and the American Society of
Psychical Research, letters to and from Naumburg (14 items), 1945-1963.
Murray (apartment building in which Naumburg lived), letters to 7 432

Murray, Henry Alexander, 1893-1988, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 7 433

1946.
Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), letters from Naumburg 7 434
addressed to James Soby, director of the Armed Forces Program at the
Museum, and Victor D'Amico, concerning an exhibit at the Museum (3
items), 1942-1943.
Myden, Walter D., letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1962. 7 435
Nation (New York, N.Y. : 1865), letters from Naumburg addressed to 7 436
Freda Kirchwey and Robert Bendiner at the magazine (2 items), 1943.
- Page 59 -
I. Correspondence
National Art Education Association, letters to and from Naumburg and 7 437
Ralph G. Beelke, executive secretary, and M. Ruth Broom, convention
news editor, concerning the 1959 biennial conference of the Association,
for which Naumburg organized a panel, acting on the suggestions of
Fairchild, a professor of art education at Teachers College (7 items),
1959.
National Catholic School of Social Service (U.S.), letters to Naumburg 7 438

from Marjorie Murphy, assistant professor of social work, and Dorothea
F. Sullivan, administrative officer of the group work sequence, both of
the School, concerning a talk given there by Naumburg (2 items), 1956.
National Committee on Art Education, letters to and from Naumburg 7 439-440

Includes letters signed by Dorothy Knowles, secretary-treasurer of
the Committee, and Hans van Weeren-Griek, chair of the Exhibition
Committee (12 items), 1943-1959.
National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.), letters to and from Naumburg 7 441
and Robert Hanna Felix, director; Eli Michael Bower, consultant for
mental health in education; and Albert Pawlowski, executive secretary
of the Mental Health Small Grant Committee, includes mentions of
Kwiatkowska, art therapist at the Institute and a student of Naumburg,
and Reca, director of the Center of Psychology and Psychopathology at
the University of Buenos Aires, which Naumburg was seeking funds to
visit (6 items), 1961-1966.
National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis (U.S.), letter from 7 442

Naumburg addressed to Overly, director of training for the Association (1
item), 1972.
National Science Foundation (U.S.), letters to and from Naumburg and 7 443
Arthur Roe, head of the Office of International Science Activities, and
William J. Riemer, of the Biological and Medical Sciences Division, both
- Page 60 -
I. Correspondence
of the Foundation, concerning the possibility of a travel grant (3 items),

1966.
Naumburg, Max and Therese, Naumburg's parents, letters from 7 444-445

Naumburg in Europe (6 items), 1912-1913.
Naumburg, Robert, Naumburg's younger brother, letter to Naumburg (1 7 446

item), 1933.
Nervous and mental disease monographs, letter to Naumburg signed by 7 447

Blanche Hamel, secretary (1 item), 1946.
Nervous child, letters to Naumburg from Ernest Harms, the journal's 7 448
editor, and B.G. Walsh and Albert Beehler of the journal's publisher (6
items), 1942-1946.
New republic (New York, N.Y.), letters to Naumburg signed by Herbert 7 449
David Croly and Bruce Bliven, president of the magazine, concerning
submissions by Naumburg (2 items), 1927-1943.
New School for Social Research (New York, N.Y.), letters to and 7 450-453
from Naumburg and Clara W. Mayer and Allen Austill, deans of the
School; Hans Simons, president of the School; Edwin Lobel, registrar;
and Nathan Brody, chair of the psychology department (37 items),
1932-1973.
New York (N.Y.). Board of Education, letters to and from Naumburg 7 454
and Commissioners Abraham Flexner and Isadore Montefiore
Levy, elementary school committee chair George J. Gillespie,
buildings committee clerk Morris Warschaum, kindergartens director
Fanniebelle Curtis, supplies superintendent Patrick Jones, NYC schools
superintendent Maxwell, and Olivia Leventritt; also later letters signed by
Olive L. Riley, director of art for the Board, and by M. Aden, secretary
- Page 61 -
I. Correspondence
for Morris Krugman, regarding Naumburg's short-lived Montessori

classroom in a public school (25 items), 1953-1959.
New York (State). Dept. of Mental Hygiene, letters to and from 7 455
Naumburg and Eleanor C. Slagle, director of mental hygiene
occupational therapy for the Department, and from Elizabeth R. Boyan,
secretary to Slagle, including copies of letters to and from R.E. Blaisdell,
medical superintendent (6 items), 1940-1941.
New York Academy of Medicine. Library, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 7 456

undated.
New York Center for Psychoanalytic Training, letters to and from 7 457
Naumburg and Ruben Fine, director of the Center (2 items), 1972-1973.
New York daily news (New York, N.Y. : 1855), letter from Naumburg to 7 458
Polly Kline at the Brooklyn desk (1 item), 1968.
New York Public Library. 135th Street Branch, letter to Naumburg (1 7 459
item), undated.
New York School for Nursery Years, letters to Naumburg from Beatrice 7 460
Bull, one of the directors of the School, and from Elizabeth Doak on
school letterhead (3 items), 1957-1958.
New York Society of Clinical Psychologists, letters to Naumburg from 7 461

Eli Feldman, executive secretary; Milton Theaman, executive director;
and Selma Landisberg, chair of the NYSCP workshop committee (5
items), 1968.
New York State Psychological Association, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 7 462

1960.
- Page 62 -
I. Correspondence
New York Times Book Review, letters to and from Naumburg and 7 464-465
Francis Brown, editor of the book review section, and Harvey Breit, an
assistant editor, concerning reviews by Naumburg (20 items), 1951-1955.
New York Times, letters to and from Naumburg and Daniel Schwarz, 7 463
assistant Sunday editor at the newspaper, and Sullivan, chief science
editor (2 items), 1952.
New York University, letters to and from Naumburg Includes 7 466-473

correspondence with Steward Cook, chair of the psychology department;
Angiola R. Churchill, assistant professor in the art education department;
and John C. Payne, dean of the education school); includes notes on
discussions with Kalinkowitz, Hoch, Appel, Anderson (a dean at NYU),
Behlen (director of the occupational therapy curriculum), Redefer,
Tomlinson, and Payne (62 items), 1958-1965.
New York University, letters to and from Naumburg Includes 8 474-477

correspondence with Steward Cook, chair of the psychology department;
Angiola R. Churchill, assistant professor in the art education department;
and John C. Payne, dean of the education school); includes notes on
discussions with Kalinkowitz, Hoch, Appel, Anderson (a dean at NYU),
Behlen (director of the occupational therapy curriculum), Redefer,
Tomlinson, and Payne (62 items), 1958-1965.
New York University. Faculty Club, letters from Naumburg to Tom 8 479
Brophy, director of T.V. and radio, includes discussion of Burt, one of
Naumburg's students (2 items), 1961.
New York University. Graduate School of Social Work, letter of 8 480

recommendation from Naumburg for Zarowin, a student of Naumburg (1
item), 1967.
- Page 63 -
I. Correspondence
New York University. Medical Center, letter to Naumburg from Leonard 8 481
Diller, chief psychologist, inviting Naumburg to conduct a seminar for
the Center's staff psychologists (1 item), 1955.
New York University. Recording Office, letters from Naumburg (5 8 482

items), 1959-1960.
Newcomb College, letter to Naumburg from Norman B. Boothby, chair 8 483

of the art department (1 item), 1969.
Niederland, William G., 1904-1993, letters to and from Naumburg (2 8 484

items), 1957.
Oberholzer, Winifred, letter from Naumburg includes mention of Smith 8 485

and Davies (1 item), 1957.
Oberlin College, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1959. 8 486
O'Keeffe, Georgia, 1887-1986, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 8 487
One act play magazine, acceptance letter to Naumburg from William 8 488
Kozlenko, editor of the magazine, for a play by Naumburg (1 item),
1937.
Ontario Group Psychotherapy Association, letters to Naumburg (5 items), 8 489-490

1966-1967.
Orage, A. R. (Alfred Richard), 1873-1934, letter from Naumburg (1 8 491

item), 1930.
Ornstein, Nadya, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1937. 8 492
Osawatomie State Hospital (Osawatomie, Kan.), letters to and from 8 493-494

Naumburg and James Umland, director of art therapy at the Hospital;
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I. Correspondence
George Zubowicz, superintendent; and Kurt Julius Wolff, chair of the

Forums Committee, concerning a visit and presentations by Naumburg
(16 items), 1958.
Outlook Company, letters to and from Naumburg includes a letter 8 495

addressed to Ernest S. Abbott at The Outlook, in which Naumburg
proposes a series of articles (2 items), 1916.
Pacella, Bernard L., psychiatrist on staff at the New York State 8 496
Psychiatric Institute and Hospital, letters to and from Naumburg (15
items), 1941-1944.
Pantheon Books, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1966. 8 497
Parker, Susan, occupational therapist in Los Angeles, letters to Naumburg 8 498

(2 items), undated.
Pasto, Tarmo, 1906-1986, professor of Art and Psychology at Sacramento 8 499

State College, letters to and from Naumburg (8 items), 1963-1968.
Pastoral psychology, letter to Naumburg from Simon Doniger, editor of 8 500

the journal, about a collaboration between Naumburg and Frank (1 item),
1956.
Peckham, Joyce N., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1963. 8 501
Peer, Maureen S., letter to Naumburg mentioning that Peer met 8 502
Naumburg through Refsnes, a student of Naumburg (1 item), 1973.
Perkins School, Lancaster, Mass., letters to and from Naumburg and 8 503-504
Mary Perkins, wife of the director of the school and coordinator of a
summer seminar on the arts in special education; Perkins first contacted
Naumburg at Ulman's suggestion (13 items), 1969.
- Page 65 -
I. Correspondence
Perry, William G. (William Graves), director of Harvard University's 8 505

Bureau of Study Counsel, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1955-1963.
Phelps, Patsie Jane, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), 1959. 8 506
Philadelphia Museum of Art, letters to and from Naumburg and E.M. 8 507-508
Benson, chief of the Museum's division of education; Mary H. Nahm, his
secretary; and Fiske Kimball, director of the Museum, about a short-lived
exhibit of art by one of Naumburg's patients (15 items), 1946-1947.
Piotrowski, Zygmunt A., 1904-1985, professor of psychology at 8 509

Columbia University and later at Thomas Jefferson Medical College,
Philadelphia, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), 1949-1962.
Pittsburgh Child Guidance Center, letters to and from Naumburg and 8 510
Marvin I. Shapiro (3 items), 1968.
Plowman, Sheila, British art therapist, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 8 511

1968.
Pojodag House, letters to and from Naumburg includes letter in which 8 512
Naumburg describes her final discussion with Mayer, head of the
organization. (2 items), 1932-1933.
Portman, Nancy, student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg (6 items), 8 513

1963.
Postgraduate Center for Psychotherapy (New York, N.Y.), letters to and 8 514-515
from Naumburg and Lewis R. Wolberg, dean of the Center, and a letter
from Harvey Dain, the assistant medical director (15 items), 1948-1962.
Progress in Clinical Psychology, letters to and from Naumburg and 8 516

Lawrence Edwin Abt, one of the series' editors (3 items), 1961-1962.
- Page 66 -
I. Correspondence
Progressive Education Association (U.S.), letters to and from Naumburg 8 517-518

and Ann Shumaker, editor, about the possibility of reprinting excerpts
from a letter from Naumburg to Dewey concerning Indian schools (18
items), 1932.
Proskauer, Joseph M. (Joseph Meyer), 1877-1971, Naumburg's brother- 8 519-524

in-law and a judge on New York State's Supreme Court, letters to and
Proskauer, Richard, letters to and from Naumburg regarding the 8 525

establishment of a trust fund for Naumburg by Richard Proskauer,
Naumburg's nephew; his sisters, Ruth Proskauer Smith and Frances
Cohen; and Frances' husband Paul P. Cohen (7 items), 1961-1971.
Psychiatric opinion, letters to and from Naumburg and Noah Gordon, 8 526
editor of the journal, concerning an article by Naumburg (4 items),
1965-1966.
Psychoanalytic quarterly, letters to and from Naumburg and Raymond 8 527

Gosselin and Jacob A. Arlow, editors of the Quarterly, about book
reviews by Naumburg (7 items), 1954-1972.
Putnam, Roger B., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1970. 8 528
Queen's Hospital. Mental Health Clinic, letters to and from Naumburg 8 529
and Frances Cottington, director of the Hawaii Integrated Psychiatric
Training Program, about a visit and lectures at the Hospital by Naumburg
(11 items), 1965.
Rabinovich, Joseph, letters from Naumburg requesting that Rabinovich 9 530

leave her class and describing her contact with Dean Austill about the
matter (4 items), 1972.
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I. Correspondence
Rabinovitch, Ralph D., Michigan psychiatrist and co-panelist with 9 531

Naumburg at the 1954 and 1964 American Orthopsychiatric Association
annual meetings, letters to and from Naumburg (12 items), 1963-1964.
Raclot, Marcel, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1956. 9 532
Radcliffe College. Institute for Independent Study, draft letters from 9 533
Naumburg to Alice Lyman and Alice K. Smith, deans of the Radcliffe
Institute, concerning Naumburg's application for a Radcliffe Institute
Fellowship (7 items), 1973.
Rado, Sandor, 1890-1972, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1951. 9 534
Ramakrishna Vedanta Society of Massachusetts, letters to Naumburg (2 9 535

items), 1947.
Ramsay, J. Bert, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 9 536
Reca, Telma, staff member of the Center for Psychology and 9 537-538
Psychopathology, University of Buenos Aires, letters to and from
Redefer, Frederick L. (Frederick Lovatt), professor of education, New 9 539

York University, letters to and from Naumburg (5 items), 1961-1971.
Redl, Fritz, professor of behavioral sciences, Wayne State University, 9 540

Reed, Carl, professor of education, State University College of 9 541

Education, New York, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1960.
Refsnes, Carolyn C., student of Naumburg, letters to and from Naumburg 9 542
(6 items), 1963-1968.
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I. Correspondence
Reik, Theodor, 1888-1969, letters from Naumburg (2 items), 1952. 9 543
Reis, Claire R. (Claire Raphael), co-founder of the Walden School and 9 544
later president of the League of Composers, letter to Naumburg (1 item),
undated.
Reiss, Jessie, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1970. 9 545
Rennie, Thomas A. C. (Thomas Alexander Cumming), 1904-1956, 9 546

psychiatrist on staff at the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic, letters to
and from Naumburg (8 items), 1946-1952.
Rhine, J. B. (Joseph Banks), 1895-1980, a researcher at Duke 9 547

University's Parapsychology Laboratory who worked with Naumburg and
Garrett to study Garrett's psychic abilities, letters to and from Naumburg
(5 items), 1935-1947.
Rhode Island School of Design, letters to Naumburg from John S. Keel, 9 548
chair of teacher education and graduate studies at RISD (2 items), 1961.
Richards, T. W. (Thomas William), letters to and from Naumburg (4 9 549

items), 1945-1946.
Ritz, Jaclyn, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 9 550
Robert Louis Stevenson School, letters to Naumburg from Lucille 9 551

Rhodes, director of the school, inviting her to attend a talk given
by Ekstein, a psychoanalyst with an interest in education (3 items),
1969-1970.
Robert Thomas Hardy, Inc., letters to and from Naumburg and Jane 9 552
Hardy, a literary agent, concerning a script and article by Naumburg;
includes rejections from Henry Goddard Leach and Irving Deakin,
forwarded by Hardy (13 items), 1939-1940.
- Page 69 -
I. Correspondence
Robertson, Roderick, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 9 553
Robinson, Arthur and Mary Cane, letters to Naumburg (Mary Robinson 9 554
was the daughter of Florence and Melville Cane and niece of Naumburg,
Arthur Robinson was her husband) (2 items), 1967.
Robinson, Elizabeth S., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1969. 9 555
Robinson, Michael, of the Fountain Valley School, Colorado Springs, 9 556

letters to Naumburg discussing the possibility of Frank, Naumburg's son,
becoming a student at the School (2 items), 1934.
Robinson, Ruth A., Chief, Army Medical Specialist Corps, Office of the 9 557
Surgeon General, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), 1959.
Rogers, Margaret, student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 9 558

1964.
Roosevelt Hospital (New York, N.Y.)., letters to and from Naumburg and 9 559
Harley Cecil Shands, chair of the psychiatry department at the Hospital,
concerning a lecture given there by Naumburg (2 items), 1969.
Rosenbaum, Robert, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1975. 9 560
Rosenberg, Bernard, letters to and from Naumburg regarding the 9 561

suggestion by Rosenberg, a member of the President's Committee
on Mental Retardation, that Naumburg contact Gallagher, Associate
Commissioner, Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (2 items), 1968.
Rosenshine, Annette, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1961. 9 562
Rossiter, Patricia, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1972. 9 563
- Page 70 -
I. Correspondence
Rothstein, Hyman, associate clinical psychologist, Letchworth Village 9 564

(State of New York Department of Mental Hygiene), letter to Naumburg
(1 item), 1958.
Ruben, Leonard, student of Naumburg, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 9 565

1965.
Rubin, Judith Aron, letters to and from Naumburg includes mention of 9 566
a project to film Naumburg undertaken by Rubin and Jungels (5 items),
1969-1975.
Rusch, Lucille, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1974. 9 567
Saarinen, Aline B. (Aline Bernstein), 1914-1972, letter from Naumburg 9 568

(1 item), 1954.
Sacks, Robert, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1963. 9 569
Salant, Edna, student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg regarding a 9 570

case study she did and a lecture by Kwiatkowska, another student of
Naumburg, which she attended (1 item), 1963.
Salzmann, Jeanne Matignon de, letters to and from Naumburg regarding 9 571
a visit by Gurdjieff to the United States; Naumburg also mentions Orage
in her response (4 items), 1931.
Saunders, Robert J., an art consultant for the State of Connecticut 9 572-573
Department of Education, letters to and from Naumburg and his wife,
Jean Saunders (15 items), 1969-1974.
Schnier, Jacques, 1898-1988, sculptor and professor of art, University 9 574

of California at Berkeley, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items),
1962-1963.
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I. Correspondence
Schocken Books, letter to Naumburg includes business card of education 9 575

editor Eva S. Glaser (1 item), undated.
School arts, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1958. 9 576
School for Nursery Years (Los Angeles, Calif.), letters to and from 9 577
Naumburg and Shirley Kaiser, director of the School (2 items), 1958.
School of Americanization (Washington, D.C.), letters from Naumburg 9 578

(3 items), 1935.
Schoonmaker, Ellice, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1953. 9 579
Schultz, Harold A., letters to and from Naumburg and Kenneth Melvin 9 580-582
Lansing, co-chair of the discussion groups for the 5th biennial conference
of the National Art Education Association, for which Naumburg chaired a
discussion group (25 items), 1958-1959.
Schuman, William, 1910-1992, New York composer, letter to Naumburg 9 583

(1 item), 1938.
Schwartz, Bernard, student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 9 584

1959.
Schwebel, Milton, professor, Department of Counselling, School of 9 585

Education, New York University, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1964.
Sechehaye, Marguerite, born 1887, Swiss psychoanalyst, letter to 9 586

Seward, Georgene Hoffman, professor of psychology, University of 9 587

Southern California, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1958.
Shaw, Vivian, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1958. 9 588
- Page 72 -
I. Correspondence
Sheafe, Jan, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 9 589
Shelton, Thomas R., educational diagnostician, special education 9 590

department, Beeville Public Schools, Texas, letters to Naumburg (2
items), 1971.
Sherwood, Lynn Morley, student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 9 591

item), 1961.
Siegel, Ruby S., student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1962. 9 592
Sigmund Freud Copyrights (Firm), letters to and from Naumburg and 9 593
Ernst L. Freud, managing director of the firm (2 items), 1966.
Simmins, Anne, letters to and from Naumburg (24 items), 1966-1968. 9 594-599
Simon, R. M. (Rita M.), British art therapist, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 9 600
1963.
Site, Myer, public school art teacher and worker with emotionally 9 601
disturbed children in Baltimore, letters to Naumburg (4 items), 1953.
Slatoff, Howard A., coordinator of Art Education, Tulare County, 10 602

California, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1949.
Smith, Alan P., coordinator of Psychiatric Education, Veterans 10 603

Administration Hospital, Tuskegee, Alabama, letters to and from
Smith, Ruth Proskauer, niece of Naumburg (daughter of Joseph and Alice 10 604
Proskauer, Naumburg's sister), letters to Naumburg (4 items), undated.
Sociedad Argentina de Psicologia Normal y Patológica de la Expresión, 10 605

letters to and from Naumburg (1 item), 1969.
- Page 73 -
I. Correspondence
Société internationale de psychopathologie de l'expression et d'art- 10 606

thérapie, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1968-1973.
Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, letter to Naumburg from 10 607
Walter Houston Clark, secretary of the Society (1 item), 1957.
Solomon, Laura, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1973. 10 608
Sonoma State College, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1966. 10 609
Souza, Margaret D. de, student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 10 610

item), 1968.
Spar, Barbara, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1973. 10 611
Spencer, Karen H., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1969. 10 612
Spingarn, Joel Elias, 1875-1939, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1932. 10 613
Spitz, René A. (René Arpad), 1887-1974, letters to and from Naumburg 10 614
(2 items), 1954-1956.
Spurrell, Joy D., student of Naumburg, letters to Naumburg regarding 10 615

discussions with Gayne, chair of the art education department, University
of Minnesota, about the possibility of Naumburg offering a course there
(4 items), 1968.
Stanton, Alfred H. (Alfred Hodgin), 1912-1983, professor of psychiatry 10 616

at Harvard Medical School and psychiatrist-in-chief, McLean Hospital,
Belmont, Massachusetts, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1960.
State of Rhode Island Medical Center (Howard, R.I.), letters to and from 10 617
Naumburg and Dorothea Benson, chief of volunteer services, and Ismet
Karacan, acting chief of research and education (8 items), 1963.
- Page 74 -
I. Correspondence
Staub, Susan D., letters to and from Naumburg (4 items), 1972. 10 618-619
Steere, Jane, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1965. 10 620
Stern, Kate, letters to Naumburg on behalf of her husband, Max Stern (2 10 621
items), 1950.
Straus, Dorothy, Naumburg's lawyer, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 10 622

1937-1946.
Strauss, Florence, literary agent, letters to Naumburg includes a letter 10 623

signed by Louise Rogers, her secretary, addressed to Delos Chappell (2
items), 1937.
Strecker, Edward Adam, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1947-1949. 10 624
Structurist, letters to and from Naumburg and Elia Bornstein, editor of 10 625
the journal (2 items), 1963.
Stucki, Margaret E., student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 10 626

1973.
Stunkard, Albert J., psychiatrist associated with the Functional Disease 10 627
Service, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of the University of
Pennsylvania, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1960.
Sturtevant, Corinne, letter of recommendation to Naumburg for Burt, 10 628

who became a student of Naumburg (1 item), 1958.
Tallman, Frank F. (Frank Ford), letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1946. 10 629
Taylor, Francis Henry, 1903-1957, director of the Metropolitan Museum 10 630

of Art, letters from Naumburg (2 items), 1952.
- Page 75 -
I. Correspondence
Teachers College Press, letters to and from Naumburg and Karin Agosta, 10 631-639
managing editor; Mel Berk, promotions manager; Robert Bletter,
director; and Hanns L. Sperr, production manager, concerning the
1973 re-publication of Naumburg's first art therapy book (41 items),
1967-1974.
Theatre Guild, letters to Naumburg from John Gassner, of the Play 10 640
Department, one of which is a copy of a letter addressed to Audrey Wood
(2 items), 1937-1941.
Thompson, Doris, student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 10 648

1961.
Tillman, Ina, letters to and from Naumburg (5 items), 1957-1963. 10 641
Tipta yenilikler, letters to and from Naumburg and Şakir Eczacibasi, 10 642
editor of this Turkish medical journal, about the possibility of Naumburg
contributing an article (3 items), 1965.
Tokuda, Yoshihito, Department of Psychiatry, Nippon Medical College, 10 643

Tokyo, letters to and from Naumburg (7 items), 1964-1965.
Topeka State Hospital, letters to and from Naumburg and Günter 10 644
Ammon (2 items), 1958.
Trautwein, Chris, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1969. 10 645
Trenton State College, letters to and from Naumburg and Norval Kern, 10 646-647
chair of the art department and student of Naumburg, with mention of
Wilensky, art therapist and professor in the art department, concerning
starting art therapy training at the College (19 items), 1971-1972.
Tri-City Family Counseling Service, letters to and from Naumburg and 10 649
Owen P. O'Connell, administrator of the counseling service, inviting
- Page 76 -
I. Correspondence
Naumburg to visit the facility and observe his work with Warren, art
therapist there (5 items), 1967.
Turner, Maurice, student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 10 650

undated.
Tuttle, Carol, letters to Naumburg regarding Tuttle's attempts to arrange a 10 651-652

workshop to be taught by Naumburg in California and includes mention
of working with Brzeski toward that goal (8 items), 1967-1968.
Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, letters to and from Naumburg 10 653

and Kenneth Macgowan concerning the possibility of turning a script by
Naumburg into a film, with Naumburg asking for help in getting in touch
with Muni (2 items), 1937.
Twentyman, Helen, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1958. 10 654
Twomey, Diane, letters to and from Naumburg (7 items), 1972. 10 655-656
Ulman, Elinor, editor of Bulletin of art therapy and American journal of 10 657-659
art therapy, letters to and from Naumburg (19 items), 1961-1974.
Undercliff Hospital (Meriden, Conn.), letters to and from Naumburg and 10 660
Dorothy R. Mellen, director of Volunteer Services at the Hospital. (2
items), 1966.
United States. Army Service Forces. Special Service Division, letters to 10 661-662
and from Naumburg and Theodore P. Bank, an army colonel and chief of
the athletic and recreation branch of the Division (4 items), 1943.
Universal School of Handicrafts, letters to and from Naumburg and 11 663

Edward T. Hall, director of the School, of which Naumburg served on its
Board of Advisors (3 items), 1940-1942.
- Page 77 -
I. Correspondence
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, letters to 11 664-665

and from Naumburg and Enrique Butelman, director of the University's
psychology department concerning a possible visit by Naumburg, with
repeated mention of Reca, a member of the faculty whose idea the visit
was (10 items), 1959-1960.
University of California Press, letter from Naumburg ordering a book by 11 670

Arnheim (1 item), 1969.
University of California, Berkeley. University Extension, letters to and 11 666-667

from Naumburg and John Pearson, coordinator of the Letters and Science
Extension, concerning the possibility of Naumburg offering a summer
course for the program (9 items), 1968.
University of California, Davis. University Extension, letters to and 11 668-669

from Naumburg and Lura S. Middleton, assistant extension specialist,
and Rosalie Trew, programming secretary, concerning the details of a
summer course offered by Naumburg through the Davis Extension (18
items), 1968.
University of Cincinnati, letters to Naumburg from George J. Kalman, 11 671

member of the psychiatry department in the University's College of
Medicine (2 items), 1961.
University of Colorado Medical Center, letters to and from Naumburg 11 672

and Gaskill, director of the Center; and Conger, head of the Center's
Division of Clinical Psychology; includes mentions of the Robinsons,
Naumburg's niece and nephew, who lived in the area (4 items),
1958-1961.
University of the State of New York. Bureau for Physically Handicapped 11 673
Children, letters to and from Naumburg and Raphael F. Simches,
chief of the Bureau, written at the suggestion of Gallagher, Associate
Commissioner for Education for the Handicapped, and Charles
- Page 78 -
I. Correspondence
Matkowski, supervisor in Education of the Emotionally Handicapped (3

items), 1968.
University of the State of New York. Division of Professional Education, 11 674-676

letters to and from Naumburg and Joseph R. Sanders, secretary of
the Board of Examiners of Psychologists; Sara Randles, professional
education aide; and John W. Paige, chief of the Bureau of Professional
Licensing Services; includes a letter of recommendation for Naumburg
from Gardner Murphy, director of research at the Menninger Foundation
(20 items), 1958.
University of Washington. School of Medicine, letters to and from 11 677

Naumburg and Herbert S. Ripley, chair of the psychiatry department at
the School, concerning a possible visit by Naumburg (2 items), 1967.
Van Daam, Brigitte, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1970. 11 678
Vassar College, letters to and from Naumburg and Mary S. Fisher, 11 679-680
Miriam Forster Fiedler, and Marion E. Jeudevine of the Department of
Child Study, and Elizabeth M. Drouilhet (21 items), 1943-1948.
Veterans Administration Hospital (Topeka, Kan.), letters to and from 11 681

Naumburg and R.S. Newsome, director of administrative services at the
Hospital, and A.L. Olsen, director of the Hospital; and a letter to LeRoy
Andraes at the Hospital, concerning visits by Naumburg in 1958 and
1965 (4 items), 1958-1965.
Veterans Administration Medical Center (Los Angeles, Calif.), letters 11 682

to and from Naumburg and James T. Ferguson, director of professional
education, Neuropsychiatric Hospital of the Center, concerning a lecture
to be given there by Naumburg, arranged in part by Anthony Brunse (3
items), 1958.
- Page 79 -
I. Correspondence
Veterans Administration Medical Center (Sepulveda, Los Angeles, 11 683

Calif.), letters to and from Naumburg and Anthony Brunse, who was
helping to arrange talks by Naumburg at California V.A. hospitals,
and D.L. McCorquodale, assistant director of professional services for
education at the Sepulveda Hospital (14 items), 1958-1965.
Viking Press, letters to Naumburg from B.W. Huebsch on behalf of 11 684

Viking Press concerning a script of a play by Naumburg (5 items),
1937-1949.
Vilumsons, Alex, a patient and trainee of Naumburg's acquaintance 11 685

Bach, letters to Naumburg requesting admission into a summer course (2
items), 1968.
Voices (American Academy of Psychotherapists), letters to and from 11 686

Naumburg and John Warkentin, editor of the journal, concerning the
possibility of Naumburg submitting an article for publication (6 items),
1968.
W. W. Norton & Company, letters to and from Naumburg and Mary 11 687
E. Ryan, permissions editor, concerning a permissions request from
Walden School (New York, N.Y.), letter from Naumburg to Nathan 11 688
Levine, director of the School, concerning a statement for a meeting held
in memory of Hill, a teacher at the School (1 item), 1971.
Warren, Helen M., an art therapist at a family counseling agency, letters 11 689-700
to and from Naumburg regarding working with Ripley, of the psychiatry
department and hospital of the University of Washington, and Chivers,
of the Northwest Clinic of Psychiatry and Neurology, in the process of
arranging lectures during a visit to the Seattle area by Naumburg; as well
- Page 80 -
I. Correspondence
as discussions of Warren's work with O'Connell, her supervisor at the

counseling service (108 items), 1967-1972.
Warren, Helen M., an art therapist at a family counseling agency, letters 12 701-708
to and from Naumburg regarding working with Ripley, of the psychiatry
department and hospital of the University of Washington, and Chivers,
of the Northwest Clinic of Psychiatry and Neurology, in the process of
arranging lectures during a visit to the Seattle area by Naumburg; as well
as discussions of Warren's work with O'Connell, her supervisor at the
counseling service (108 items), 1967-1972.
Wasserman, Burton D., a high school teacher, letters to and from 12 709
Naumburg regarding his participation in her 1959 National Art Education
Association panel at the suggestion of Fairchild, Professor of Fine Arts at
Teachers College (2 items), 1959.
Watkins, Ann, 1885-1967, letters to and from Naumburg regarding the 12 710
script for a play by Naumburg (2 items), 1937.
Webb, Sidney, 1859-1947, professor of Naumburg at the London School 12 711

of Economics and Political Science, letters to Naumburg (6 items), 1912.
Webber, Helen Ross, art therapist and art teacher, letters to Naumburg (2 12 712
items), 1963.
Weissman, Sybil, student at the Rhode Island School of Design and 12 713
president of a student group focusing on bringing art to the Rhode Island
State Mental Hospital, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), 1963.
Wernersville State Hospital (Wernersville, Pa.), letter to Naumburg from 12 714

Marjorie W. John, occupational therapist and training director of the
Activities Department at the Hospital, requesting reprints of which she
had been informed by Burger, a Houston art therapist and correspondent
with Naumburg (1 item), 1963.
- Page 81 -
I. Correspondence
Wertheimer, E., student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 12 715

undated.
Wharton School, letters to and from Naumburg and Ray H. Abrams, 12 716
of the Department of Sociology, regarding Naumburg addressing the
"Rorschach group" (2 items), 1948.
Whitehorn, John C. (John Clare), 1894-1973, psychiatrist-in-chief of the 12 717

Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, letters to
and from Naumburg (4 items), 1946.
Whiteman, Donna, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1970. 12 718
Who's who in America, form letter and form from Paul Rohe, director of 12 719
research, inviting Naumburg's participation (3 items), 1973.
William Heinemann Medical Books, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 12 720

1970.
Williams & Wilkins, letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1966. 12 722
Williams, Frankwood E. (Frankwood Earl), 1883-1936, letters to and 12 721

from Naumburg (3 items), 1932.
Wilton, Eva, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1969. 12 723
Winkler, Mary Anna, student of Naumburg, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 12 724

1967.
Wisconsin State Employment Service, letters to and from Naumburg and 12 725
Terry T. Schoenick, a research analyst conducting a federal government
study of art therapists (2 items), 1970.
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I. Correspondence
Wishod & Fisch (Firm), letters to and from Naumburg and Richard C. 12 726-727
Agins, partner in the firm, concerning copyright of a script for a play;
includes notes in preparation for making a will and leaving New York (17
items), 1973-1974.
Wolff, Werner, 1904-1957, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1949. 12 728
Wollner, Gertrude Price, letters to Naumburg (2 items), 1963. 12 729
Woltmann, Adolf G., New York psychologist who gave and analyzed 12 730
Rorschach tests for Naumburg's clients, letters to and from Naumburg (3
items), 1949-1952.
World Congress of Psychiatry (Madrid, Spain), letters to and from 12 731

Naumburg and Enrique García-Barros, organizer of exhibition of
psychopathological art for the Congress, and Alison Groom, executive
secretary for the Congress, concerning Naumburg's application to exhibit
at the Congress (10 items), 1966.
World Congress of Psychiatry (Mexico City), letters to and from 12 732-734

Naumburg and Ramón de la Fuente, president of the organizing
committee of the Congress, and Robert Volmat, head of the committee
organizing an exhibit of psychopathological art at the Congress (16
items), 1971.
Wurzweiler School of Social Work, form letter to Naumburg 12 735

from Morton I. Teicher, dean of the School, requesting a letter of
recommendation for one of Naumburg's students (1 item), 1967.
York University (Toronto, Ont.), letters to Naumburg includes a form 12 736

letter from D. Friedlander, summer practicum coordinator, concerning a
lecture by Naumburg for that program (2 items), 1967.
- Page 83 -
II. Elementary education materials
Young Filmmakers Foundation, letters to Naumburg from Rodger 12 737-741

Larson, a director of the foundation (16 items), 1970-1972.
Ypsilanti State Hospital (Ypsilanti, Mich.), letters from Naumburg 12 742

addressed to Richard B. Hicks (2 items), 1959.
Zen Meditation Center of Rochester, letters to Naumburg (5 items), 12 743

1968-1974.
Zigrosser, Carl, 1891-1975, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), 12 744

1924-1952.
II. Elementary education materials, 1913-1974.
Series Description
Montessori and Walden materials arranged chronologically. Materials include promotional brochures,
correspondence, articles not by Naumburg, catalogs, transcripts from a Children's School history class,
and items associated with commemorative events at the Walden School.
Box Folder
Montessori materials, 1913-1916. 13 747 - 757
New York (N.Y.). Board of Education, letters to and from Naumburg 13 749-751
and Commissioners Abraham Flexner and Isadore Montefiore
Levy, elementary school committee chair George J. Gillespie,
buildings committee clerk Morris Warschaum, kindergartens director
Fanniebelle Curtis, supplies superintendent Patrick Jones, NYC schools
superintendent Maxwell, and Olivia Leventritt; also later letters signed by
Olive L. Riley, director of art for the Board, and by M. Aden, secretary
for Morris Krugman, regarding Naumburg's short-lived Montessori
classroom in a public school (25 items), 1953-1959.
- Page 84 -
III. Writings
Children's/Walden School materials, 1917-1971. 13 758 - 789
Miscellaneous elementary education materials. 13 790 - 791
III. Writings.
A. Education.
1. Book and Book Ideas.
Description & Arrangement
Arranged alphabetically by title. Book cover and reviews for The Child and the World, published 1928.
Preliminary notes or outlines for several other unpublished books concerning education.
Box Folder
Promotional materials and reviews of The Child and the World. 14 792 - 796
Notes for Democratic Education on Trial (unpublished). 14 797 - 806
Notes on education and psychoanalysis. 14 807 - 808
Notes for The Human Side of Teaching(unpublished). 14 809 - 826
Notes on modern education and psychotherapy. 14 827 - 830
Notes for Open Sesame (unpublished). 14 831
Notes for The University at Seven (unpublished). 14 832 - 834
- Page 85 -
2. Articles
2. Articles.
Arranged alphabetically by title. Articles on the Children's School/Walden School, along with articles on
other schools and more general educational issues, dating from 1916 through 1944.
Box Folder
"The Crux of Progressive Education" . 15 835 - 836
"A Direct Method of Education" . 15 837 - 841
"Do American Schools Prepare for Democracy?" (unpublished). 15 842 - 843
"The Eurythmics of Jacques Dalcroze" (unpublished?). 15 844
"Four Jobs to One" (unpublished?). 15 845
Gary School series, Evening Mail. 15 846 - 852
Nervous Child introduction. 15 853 - 855
"Progressive Education" . 15 856
"Saving the 'Average' Student from Traditional 15 857 - 864

Education" (unpublished?).
Survey dialogue series. 15 865
"What Is Experimental Education?" . 15 866
"Where Do You Stand?" - A Response (unpublished). 15 867
- Page 86 -
3. Reviews
3. Reviews.
Arranged alphabetically by name of reviewed author. Reviews by Naumburg of eight books on

education and child development by other authors, mostly from the New York Times.
Box Folder
Abrahamsen, David. 15 868
Benedict, Agnes E. 15 868
Cohen, Frank J. 15 869
Glueck, Sheldon. 15 869
Hayes, Cathy. 15 870
Mead, Margaret. 15 871
Read, Herbert Edward. 15 872
Sirjamaki, John. 15 873
B. Psychotherapy.
1. Books and Book Ideas.
Arrangement
Arranged chronologically.
- Page 87 -
A. Studies of the Free Art Expression of Behavior Problem Children and Adoles...
A. Studies of the 'Free' Art Expression of Behavior Problem Children and Adolescents as a Means
of Diagnosis and Therapy, 1947.
Includes copies of the first pages of the book and reviews, arranged alphabetically by reviewing author.
Also includes materials for the 1973 re-publication of this work under the title An Introduction to Art
Therapy, primarily drafts for Naumburg's new introduction.
Box Folder
Studies of the "Free" Art Expression of Behavior Problem 16 874 - 912

Children and Adolescents as a Means of Diagnosis and Therapy
(1947 1st ed. and 1973 rev. ed.).
B. Schizophrenic Art: Its Meaning in Psychotherapy.
Drafts, photographs for illustrations, research notes from sources by other authors arranged
alphabetically by author name, reviews arranged alphabetically by reviewer name.
Box Folder
Schizophrenic Art: Its Meaning in Psychotherapy. 18 954 - 979
Schizophrenic Art: Its Meaning in Psychotherapy. 17 913 - 953
C. Psychoneurotic Art: Its Function in Psychotherapy , 1953.
Galleys, drafts, and reviews arranged alphabetically by reviewer name.
Box Folder
Psychoneurotic Art: Its Function in Psychotherapy. 18 980 - 987
- Page 88 -
D. Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy: Its Principles and Practices
Psychoneurotic Art: Its Function in Psychotherapy. 19 988 - 1027
Psychoneurotic Art: Its Function in Psychotherapy. 20 1028

- 1050
D. Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy: Its Principles and Practices, 1966.
Drafts, photographs and captions for illustrations, reviews arranged alphabetically by reviewer name,
promotional materials.
Box Folder
Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy: Its Principles and Practices. 20 1051

- 1065
Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy... 21 1066

- 1098

- 1129

- 1155
E. Book ideas.
Preliminary notes and outlines for unpublished books concerning art therapy, arranged alphabetically by
title when possible.
- Page 89 -
2. Articles
Box Folder
Notes for Fantasy and Reality (unpublished). 23 1156

- 1160
Notes for The History and Development of Dynamically 23 1161

Oriented Art Therapy (unpublished).
Notes on the history and development of art therapy. 23 1162
Notes on interviewing. 23 1163
Notes for People and Psychotherapy (unpublished). 23 1164

- 1165
Notes on universal symbolism. 23 1166
Notes for The Use of Art in Relation to Education, Re-education, 23 1167

and Therapy (unpublished).
Miscellaneous book ideas and file folders. 23 1168

- 1171
2. Articles.
Arranged alphabetically by title. Published and draft versions of articles concerning art therapy.
Box Folder
"Art and Personality" . 24 1172

- 1173
"Art as Symbolic Speech" . 24 1174

- 1214
- Page 90 -
2. Articles
"Art Education for the Emotionally Disturbed" . 25 1215

- 1230
Art Therapy in Relation to the War (unpublished). 25 1231

- 1232
"Art Therapy in Theory and Practice" . 25 1233
"Art Therapy: Its Scope and Function" . 25 1234

- 1241
"Art Therapy with a Schizophrenic Patient" . 25 1242

- 1256
"Art Therapy with a Schizophrenic Patient" . 26 1257

- 1267
"Art Therapy with a Seventeen Year Old Schizophrenic Girl" . 26 1268

- 1283
"Children's Art Expression and War" . 26 1284

- 1290
"Discussion" . 27 1291
"A Discussion of the Paper " . 27 1292

- 1293
"The Drawings of an Adolescent Girl Suffering from Conversion 27 1294

Hysteria with Amnesia" . - 1297
"Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy" . 27 1298

- 1305
- Page 91 -
2. Articles
"Expanding Non-Verbal Aspects of Art Education on the 27 1306

University Level" . - 1316
"Fantasy and Reality in the Art Expression of Behavior Problem 27 1317

Children" . - 1322
"The Nature and Purpose of Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy" . 28 1323

- 1331
"The Need of a More Creative Orientation in Universities and 28 1332

Colleges" . - 1340
"Perspectives in Art Therapy" (unpublished). 28 1341

- 1347
"Portata e Funzione della Terapia Artistica" . 28 1348
Problem of Passion for Perfection (unpublished). 28 1349

- 1350
"Psychodynamics of the Art Expression of a Boy with Tic 28 1351

Syndrome" . - 1356
"Religious Symbols in the Unconscious of Man" . 28 1357

- 1362
"Spontaneous Art, Creativity and Psychotherapy" . 29 1363
"Spontaneous Art in Education and Psychotherapy" . 29 1364

- 1369
"Spontaneous Art in Psychotherapy" . 29 1370

- 1384
- Page 92 -
3. Reviews
"Spontaneous Art in Therapy and Diagnosis" . 29 1385

- 1394
"A Study of the Art Expression of a Behavior Problem Boy as an 29 1395

Aid in Diagnosis and Therapy" . - 1397
"A Study of the Art Work of a Behavior-Problem Boy as It Relates 29 1398

to Ego Development and Sexual Enlightenment" . - 1401
"A Study of the Psychodynamics of the Art Work of a Nine-Year- 30 1402

Old Behavior Problem Boy" . - 1405
"Symbolic Images Created by Patients in Art Ther." . 30 1406

- 1409
"The Use of Spontaneous Art in Analytically Oriented Group 30 1410

Therapy of Obese Women" . - 1428
"Visual Unity in Man's Expression from Primeval Man to the Art of 30 1429
Mental Patients Today" (submitted but not published).
Untitled. 30 1430
Miscellaneous unidentified pages. 30 1431
3. Reviews.
Arranged alphabetically by name of reviewed author. Naumburg's reviews of books by other authors on
psychotherapy.
Box Folder
Bender, Lauretta. 31 1432
- Page 93 -
3. Reviews
Bruch, Hilde. 31 1433

- 1434
Cocteau, Jean. 31 1435

- 1437
Dax, E. Cunningham. 31 1438
Dracoulidès, N. N. 31 1439
- 1440
Eissler, Ruth. 31 1441
Farnham, Marynia. 31 1442
Freeman, Lucy. 31 1443
Gruner, S. 31 1444
- 1470
Gruner, S. 32 1471
- 1484
Hatterer, Lawrence. 32 1485
Kellogg, Rhoda. 32 1486
Kraus, G. 32 1487
- 1488
Kris, Ernst. 32 1489

- 1491
- Page 94 -
C. Other
Meares, Ainslie. 32 1492

- 1493
Moustakas, Clark. 32 1494
Pickford, R. W. 32 1495
Plokker, Johannes. 32 1496

- 1497
Rank, Otto. 32 1498

- 1499
Reitman, Francis. 32 1500

- 1501
Vinchon, Jean. 32 1502
Psychotherapy review file folders. 32 1503
C. Other.
Description
Poems, plays, notes, and miscellaneous writings by Naumburg.
1. 1912-1920.
Box Folder
Cinematography research. 33 1504

- 1508
Gordon Craig interview. 33 1509

- 1510
- Page 95 -
2.
Dream. 33 1511
2. 1920-1930.
Box Folder
Poems, 1920-1924. 33 1512

- 1514
"Algiers" , 1928. 33 1515
"Success" , 1928. 33 1516
"Education as a Year-Round Job" , circa 1929. 33 1517
Untitled story, late 1920s?. 33 1518
Poems, 1930. 33 1519
Poems, undated. 33 1520

- 1527
3. 1930-1940.
Box Folder
In Snow and Sun (unpublished poetry book), circa 1931. 33 1528

- 1548
In Snow and Sun. 34 1549

- 1558
Poems, 1937. 34 1559
- Page 96 -
3.
Poetry, miscellaneous, undated. 34 1560

- 1562
A Stranger on This Earth (unpublished play), circa 1931. 34 1563

- 1590
Sunflower and Cypress (unpublished play), 1937. 35 1591

- 1637
Sunflower and Cypress. 36 1638

- 1687

- 1731

- 1783

- 1832

- 1881

- 1920

- 1961

- 1979
"Vincent against the World" (unpublished scene), 1937. 43 1980
- Page 97 -
4.
The Living Answer (unpublished play), 1937. 43 1981

- 1991
"This Passion for Questionnaires" (unpublished?), circa 1937. 43 1992
Cleavage (published one-act play), 1938. 43 1993

- 1998
Playground (dance synopsis), 1938. 44 1999

- 2012
Martin Flavin(unpublished play), 1940. 44 2013

- 2018
"The Lonely Way" (unpublished), undated. 44 2019
Mac(unpublished play), undated. 44 2020
The Mothers-in-Law (unpublished play), undated. 44 2021
Premonition (unpublished play), undated. 44 2022

- 2024
Tête a Tête, or Pedestal (unpublished play), undated. 44 2025

- 2029
Miscellaneous. 44 2030
- 2032
4. 1940-1950.
Box Folder
War reflections, undated. 44 2033
- Page 98 -
5.
Poetry, undated. 44 2034
5. 1970-1974.
Box Folder
Draft passages on the history and development of art therapy, 45 2035

arranged alphabetically by title. - 2052
Untitled drafts. 45 2053

- 2058
Revisions arranged alphabetically by title. 45 2059

- 2061
Organization notes. 45 2062

- 2063
File folders. 45 2064
IV. Lectures.
A. Education.
1. Crisis in American Education lecture series.
Texts and research for a 12-lecture series given at the New School for Social Research in 1932
considering the educational philosophies of Fascism, Communism, and Democratic-Capitalism.
- Page 99 -
1. Crisis in American Education lecture series
Box Folder
Crisis in American Education lecture series. 46 2065

- 2073
Crisis Lecture 1, “Three Ways of Life in the Modern World”. 46 2074

- 2089
Crisis Lecture 2, “The Meaning and Significance of Communism 46 2090

as a Form of Society”. - 2116
Crisis Lecture 2. 47 2117

- 2121
Crisis Lecture 3, “How Communism Proposes to Transform 47 2122

Russian Education”. - 2152
Crisis Lecture 4, “The Meaning and Significance of Fascism as a 47 2153

Form of Society”. - 2166
Crisis Lecture 5, “How Fascism Proposes to Transform Italian 48 2167

Education”. - 2175
Notes for Crisis Lectures 4 and 5. 48 2176

- 2196
Crisis Lecture 6, “The Purpose and Trend of Education under 48 2197

Communism, Fascism, and Democratic Capitalism”. - 2211
Crisis Lecture 6. 49 2212

- 2219
Crisis Lecture 7, “What to Teach and What Not to Teach under a 49 2220
Communist, Fascist, or Democratic-Capitalist Society”. - 2229
- Page 100 -
1. Crisis in American Education lecture series
Notes for Crisis Lectures 6 and 7. 49 2230

- 2233
Notes for Crisis Lecture 7. 49 2234

- 2240
Crisis Lecture 8, “America Pays High for Democracy”. 49 2241

- 2267
Crisis Lecture 9, “Emergence of the Individual in Modern 50 2268

Education”. - 2292
Crisis Lecture 10, “The Public School System as a Symbol of 50 2293

Democracy”. - 2319
Notes for Crisis Lectures 8 - 10. 51 2320

- 2329
Crisis Lecture 12, “The Breakdown of Higher Education”. 51 2338

- 2348
Crisis series notes. 51 2349

- 2361
Crisis series file folders. 52 2362

- 2371
Crisis Lecture 11, “The Progressive Education Movement and the 51 2330
American Public School”. - 2337
- Page 101 -
2. Other lectures on education issues
2. Other lectures on education issues.
Arranged alphabetically by title. Lectures dating from 1933 through 1962.
Box Folder
"The Implications of Technocracy for the Future of Education" . 52 2372

- 2374
"Man's Creative Capacities" . 52 2375

- 2380
"The Practicing Professional in Our Art Teaching Program" . 52 2381
"Suggestions on How to Develop a Comprehensive Approach to 52 2382

Art Education in the Proposed Friends' World College" .
Miscellaneous lecture notes. 52 2383

- 2386
3. Notes on education issues.
Box Folder
Miscellaneous education notes. 52 2387

- 2395
- Page 102 -
B. Psychotherapy
B. Psychotherapy.
1. Lectures.
Arranged alphabetically by title. Topics include case studies, art therapy programs, and comparative
study of images in primitive art.
Box Folder
“Analytically Oriented Art Therapy: Its Place and Purpose”. 53 2396

- 2401
“Art as a Means of Diagnosis and Therapy”. 53 2402

- 2403
“Art as Symbolic Speech”. 53 2404

- 2412
“Art Education for the Emotionally Disturbed”. 53 2413

- 2414
“Art Expression and the Unconscious”. 53 2415
“Art for the Emotionally Disturbed Child”. 53 2416

- 2421
“Art in Therapy”. 53 2422

- 2432
“Art Therapy and Art Education”. 53 2433
“Art Therapy as an Effective Technique in the Treatment of 53 2434

Obsessive-Compulsive Patients”.
- Page 103 -
1. Lectures
“Art Therapy for the Emotionally Disturbed and Mentally 53 2435

Retarded”. - 2437
“Art Therapy: Its Scope and Function”. 54 2438
“Art Therapy with a Seventeen Year Old Schizophrenic Girl”. 54 2439

- 2453
“Art Therapy with an Obsessive Compulsive Boy”. 54 2454

- 2458
“Art Therapy with the Emotionally Disturbed”. 54 2459

- 2462
“Can Modern Educational Principles Be of Use to 54 2463

Psychotherapists?”. - 2467
“Color and Form: Their Relation to Personality”. 54 2468

- 2470
“A Consideration of the Nature and Significance of Dynamically 54 2471

Oriented Art Therapy”.
“The Contribution of Art Therapy to the Practice of Clinical 54 2472

Psychology”. - 2477
“Creative Art and Psychotherapy”. 54 2478
“The Creative Unconscious and the Artist”. 54 2479

- 2485
“Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy in the Treatment of a 26 Year 55 2486

Old Schizophrenic Woman”. - 2490
- Page 104 -
1. Lectures
“Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy in the Treatment of a 55 2491

Depressed Woman”.
“The Emotionally Disturbed Child”. 55 2492

- 2493
“An Exploration of Man's Symbolic Use of Art through the Ages”. 55 2494
- 2496
“Fantasy and Reality in the Life of Children”. 55 2497

- 2503
“Genuine Art Expression with Behavior Problem Children Involves 55 2504

the Same Principles of Release as with Well Adjusted Children”. - 2507
“The History and Development of Art Therapy”. 55 2508

- 2513
“History of Interest and Use of Art Productions of Mental Patients 55 2514

in Relation to Psychiatry”.
“How a New Approach to Spontaneous Art Expression Can Help 55 2515

Children”. - 2517
“How Could Course Requirements for the Ph.D. or Ed.D. Be Better 55 2518
Adjusted to Art Education?”. - 2521
“How Understanding of Dynamic Psychology by Art Educators 55 2522

Can Improve Mental Health and Expand Creativity in Their Pupils
and Themselves”.
“Images and Hallucinations of an Alcoholic Patient during Art 56 2523

Therapy”. - 2533
- Page 105 -
1. Lectures
“The Importance of Symbolic Expression in the Spontaneous Art of 56 2534

Behavior Problem Children”. - 2551
“The Importance of Training Art Therapists in the Adequate Use of 56 2552

the Psychiatric Interview”. - 2556
“Methods and Purpose of Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy”. 57 2557

- 2560
“The Nature and Purpose of Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy”. 57 2561

- 2563
“The Need for a Deeper Psychological Awareness for Art 57 2564

Teachers”. - 2571
“The Need of Expanding the Psychological Awareness in Art 57 2572

Educators”.
“New Directions in Art Education”. 57 2573

- 2583
“Personality through Art”. 58 2584
“Perspectives on the Development of Dynamically Oriented Art 58 2585

Therapy”. - 2590
“Potential Role of Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy in the 58 2591

Psychiatric Division of a Day Hospital”. - 2600
“The Power of the Image: Symbolic Projections in Art Education 58 2601

and Psychotherapy”. - 2604
“The Power of the Image: Two Case Studies Illustrating Art as a 58 2605
Symbolic Language”.
- Page 106 -
1. Lectures
“The Practice of Spontaneous Art in Education and 58 2606

Psychotherapy”.
“The Projection of Parental Images as Symbolic Speech”. 58 2607

- 2612
“Psychoanalytically Oriented Art Therapy with a Schizophrenic 58 2613

Patient”. - 2614
“The Psychotherapeutic Significance of Schizophrenic Art 58 2615

Productions”. - 2619
“The Psychotherapeutic Significance of the Spontaneous Art 58 2620

Productions of a Psychoneurotic Patient”. - 2628
“Relation of Art Therapy to Art Education and the `Normal' 59 2629

Student”.
“Releasing Creative Art from the Unconscious”. 59 2630

- 2632
“Religious Symbols in the Unconscious of Man”. 59 2633

- 2638
“A Report to the Staff of the Department of Art Education on Two 59 2639

Courses That I Am Giving”. - 2640
“Retardation and Spontaneous Art”. 59 2641

- 2642
“The Role of Art Therapy in a Children's Day Treatment Center 59 2643

and School”.
- Page 107 -
1. Lectures
“The Role of Art Therapy in the Treatment of an Ulcer Patient”. 59 2644

- 2646
“The Role of Spontaneous Art in Education and Psychotherapy”. 59 2647

- 2651
“Some Psychological Implications of Color Preferences”. 59 2652
“Spontaneous Art in Education”. 59 2653

- 2658
“Spontaneous Art in Education and Psychotherapy”. 59 2659

- 2662
“Stereotype and Symbol in the Art Productions of an Obsessive 59 2663

Compulsive Boy”. - 2668
“Stereotype and Symbol in the Art Productions of an Obsessive 60 2669

Compulsive Boy”. - 2676
“Supplementary Training for Occupational Therapists: in Dynamic 60 2677

Psychology and Spontaneous Art; and in Case Study Recording”. - 2680
“The Theory and Practice of Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy”. 60 2681
“Understanding Art Experiences through Nonverbal 60 2682

Communication”.
“The Use and Methods of Art Therapy”. 60 2683
“The Use of Art in Psychiatry”. 60 2684

- 2685
“The Use of Spontaneous Art in a Psychiatric Hospital”. 60 2686
- Page 108 -
1. Lectures
“The Use of Spontaneous Art in Analytically Oriented Group 60 2687

Therapy of Obese Women”. - 2713
“The Use of Spontaneous Art in Education and Psychotherapy”. 61 2714

- 2718
“The Use of Spontaneous Art in Psychotherapy”. 61 2719

- 2720
“The Use of Spontaneous Art in the Treatment of Disturbed 61 2721

Children”. - 2722
“Value and Use of Spontaneous Art in Education”. 61 2723

- 2724
“The Value of Art Therapy to Art Educators”. 61 2725

- 2729
“The Value of Art Therapy Training to Undergraduate Students”. 61 2730
“Visual Unity in Man's Expression: from Primeval Man to the Art 61 2731
of Mental Patients Today”. - 2746
“Visual Unity in Man's Expression: from Primeval Man to the Art 62 2747
of Mental Patients Today”. - 2777
“What Dynamic Psychology Has to Offer Art Educators”. 63 2778
“What Is Art Therapy?”. 63 2779

- 2784
Untitled lectures. 63 2785

- 2803
- Page 109 -
2. Discussions/Responses
2. Discussions/Responses.
Arranged alphabetically by title of original paper. Naumburg's responses as a discussant at conferences.
Box Folder
Discussion of “Analytical Therapy of Adults through 63 2804

Painting” (Stern). - 2808
Discussion of “An Exploratory Investigation of the Personalities of 63 2809

Creative Adolescent High School Students” (Hammer). - 2815
Discussion of “The Use of Children's Graphic Art in Psychiatric 63 2816

Diagnosis, Therapy and Teaching” (Rabinovitch/Dubo).
Discussion of “The Use of Creative Art in the Psychotherapy of a 63 2817

Ten Year Old Girl” (Prall). - 2818
Discussion of an untitled paper (Dax). 63 2819
V. Exhibits.
Series Description
Arranged alphabetically by exhibit title. Catalog texts and notes from exhibits of patient artwork.
Box Folder
The Art Expression of a Behavior Problem Boy and an Adolescent 64 2820

Schizophrenic Girl. - 2822
Art Expression of Schizophrenic Adolescent Girls and Behavior Problem 64 2823

Boys. - 2827
- Page 110 -
V. Exhibits
Art Therapy in Diagnosis and Treatment of Behavior Problem Children. 64 2828

- 2837
Art Therapy in the Treatment of a Depressed Woman. 64 2838

- 2857
Art Therapy in the Treatment of a Depressed Woman. 65 2858

- 2865
Art Therapy in the Treatment of a Seventeen Year Old Schizophrenic 65 2866

Girl. - 2881
Images and Hallucinations of an Alcoholic Patient during Art Therapy. 65 2882

- 2885
The Power of the Image: Symbolic Projections in Art Therapy. 66 2886

- 2901
The Psychotherapeutic Significance of the Art Productions of a College 66 2902

Girl. - 2907
The Role of Spontaneous Art in Education. 67 2908

- 2927
The Survival Value of Fantasy Projection in Art Therapy. 67 2928

- 2941
Troubled Waters. 68 2942

- 2965
The Universality of Sexual Symbolism. 69 2966

- 2980
The Use of Spontaneous Art in Psychotherapy. 69 2981
- Page 111 -
VI. Client records (RESTRICTED)
The Use of Spontaneous Art in Psychotherapy and Education. 69 2982

- 3002
War and Its Sublimation in Children's Art. 69 3003
VI. Client records (RESTRICTED).
Scope and Contents note
The material in this series is restricted from use until 2044.
A. Juvenile patients (RESTRICTED).
Arranged alphabetically by patient name. Files for 23 institutionalized or previously institutionalized

children and adolescents, including artwork, photographs of artwork, and Naumburg's notes on therapy
sessions. Records date from 1941 through 1956.
The material in this subseries is restricted from use until 2044.
Box Folder
F.B. 70 3004
- 3015
"Beth" . 70 3016
- 3017
E.B. 70 3018
D.C. 70 3019
M.C. 70 3020
- 3032
- Page 112 -
A. Juvenile patients (RESTRICTED)
M.C. 71 3033
- 3039
A.C. 71 3040
- 3044
G.C. 71 3045
- 3061
G.C. 72 3062
- 3070
L.D. 72 3071
- 3077
A.E. 72 3078
- 3087
A.E. 73 3088
- 3094
D.F. 73 3095
- 3101
H.F. 73 3102
- 3115
H.F. 74 3116
- 3130
I.G. 74 3131
- 3132
- Page 113 -
A. Juvenile patients (RESTRICTED)
R.H. 74 3133
- 3139
A.J. 74 3140
- 3144
F.K. 75 3145
- 3155
J.L. 75 3156
- 3162
J.P. 75 3163
- 3175
M.R. 76 3176
- 3208
R.S. 77 3209
O.V. 77 3210
D.W. 77 3211
E.W. 77 3212
- 3226
A.W. 77 3227
- 3233
- Page 114 -
B. Adult clients (RESTRICTED)
B. Adult clients (RESTRICTED).
Arranged alphabetically by client name. Files for 23 adult clients, including artwork, photographs of
artwork, client writing, and Naumburg's notes on therapy sessions. Records date from 1946 through
1973.
Box Folder
S.A. 77 3234
L.A. 77 3235
- 3237
S.B. (1). 77 3238

- 3241
J.B. 77 3242
- 3245
P.B. 78 3246
- 3271
P.B. 79 3272
- 3291
S.B. (2). 79 3292

- 3302
D.D. 80 3303
- 3326
"Dr. F." . 80 3327
- Page 115 -
B. Adult clients (RESTRICTED)
D.F. 80 3328
J.G. 80 3329
- 3331
F.H. 80 3332
- 3335
A.J. 80 3336
- 3348
A.J. 81 3349
- 3358
G.K. 81 3359
- 3369
"Mrs. K." . 81 3370
S.M. 81 3371
- 3380
S.M. 82 3381
- 3387
G.N. 82 3388
- 3398
V.P. 82 3399
M.P. 82 3400
- 3419
- Page 116 -
C. Groups (RESTRICTED)
S.S. 83 3420
- 3430
A.S. 83 3431
- 3457
C.S. 84 3458
- 3460
S.T. 84 3461
A.W. 84 3462
- 3467
M.W. 84 3468
- 3491
M.W. 85 3492
- 3524
M.W. 86 3525
- 3571
M.W. 87 3572
- 3609
M.W. 88 3610
- 3630
C. Groups (RESTRICTED).
Arranged alphabetically by institution or treatment focus. Files for patients or clients receiving art
therapy treatment in a group therapy context.
- Page 117 -
C. Groups (RESTRICTED)
Box Folder
Caroline Zachry Institute Mental Health Study. 89 3631

- 3635
Bellevue Dramatic Therapy Group. 89 3636

- 3639
Obesity Study Therapy Group. 89 3640

- 3651
Psychiatric Institute Children's Ward. 89 3652

- 3669
Stuttering Students. 89 3670

- 3676

- 3716

- 3730
Vassar Hard-of-Hearing Research Group. 91 3731

- 3757
- 3759
- Page 118 -
VII. Art Therapy courses
VII. Art Therapy courses.
A. Early, 1950-1955.
Arranged in chronological order. Includes syllabi and course lecture texts or notes.
Box Folder
The Use of Art Productions in Diagnosis and Therapy of Emotional 92 3760

Problems. - 3776
The Significance of Spontaneous Art Productions in Diagnosis and 92 3777

Therapy.
Dynamic Psychology in the Creative Arts. 92 3778

- 3802
The Theory and Practice of Art Therapy. 92 3803
B. New York University, 1958-1965.
Arranged by department, course, and date. Includes course announcements, syllabi, course lecture texts
or notes, bibliographies, and student questionnaires.
Box Folder
Art Education and Personality. 93 3804

- 3867

- 3910
- Page 119 -
C. New School for Social Research

- 3917
Art Education and Personality/Case Studies of Pupils with Emotional 95 3918

Blocks in Creativity. - 3926
Case Studies of Pupils with Emotional Blocks in Creativity. 95 3927

- 3943
Advanced Case Studies of Pupils with Emotional Blocks in Creativity. 95 3944

- 3945
Miscellaneous School of Education course. 95 3946
Principles and Procedures of Analytically Oriented Art Therapy. 95 3947

- 3960
Workshop in Analytically Oriented Art Therapy. 95 3961

- 3964
C. New School for Social Research, 1965-1972.
Arranged by course and date. Includes course announcements, syllabi, course lecture texts or notes,
bibliographies, and student questionnaires.
Box Folder
Introduction to the Practice of Art Therapy. 96 3965

- 4005
Introduction to the Practice of Art Therapy. 97 4006

- 4017
- Page 120 -
D. Visiting Instructor courses
Introduction to the Practice of Art Therapy/Art Therapy Case Studies. 97 4018

- 4025
Art Therapy Case Studies of Pupils or Patients Blocked in Creative 97 4026

Expression. - 4046
Miscellaneous New School materials. 97 4047

- 4049
D. Visiting Instructor courses.
Arranged chronologically. Includes course announcements, syllabi, course lecture texts or notes,
bibliographies, and student questionnaires.
Box Folder
Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital, 1954. 98 4050
D.C. Occupational Therapy Association, 1956. 98 4051
Judge Baker Foundation (Boston), 1958. 98 4052
Miami University (Oxford, Ohio), 1962. 98 4053
American Psychological Association Mtg., 1963. 98 4054

- 4058
V.A. Day Hospital (Boston), 1966. 98 4059
V.A. Day Hospital (Boston), 1967. 98 4060
University of California, Davis, 1968. 98 4061

- 4067
- Page 121 -
E. Private instruction
Columbia University, Teachers College, 1972. 98 4068

- 4078
National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis, undated. 98 4079
E. Private instruction.
Arranged chronologically. Announcements and outlines for the seminars Naumburg held in her
apartment.
Box Folder
Seminar in Art Therapy. 98 4080

- 4086
F. Miscellaneous course materials.
Description
Notes for unidentified courses or courses never given.
Box Folder
- 4098
VIII. Student work.
Series Description
Arranged alphabetically by name of student and date. Book reviews and case studies written by students
in Naumburg's courses.
- Page 122 -
VIII. Student work
Box Folder
Alf - Craig. 99 4099

- 4132
Damiani - Gerber. 100 4133

- 4157
Glazer - Krebs. 101 4158

- 4197
Layton - Lymon. 102 4198

- 4224
Magier - Quenet. 103 4225

- 4256
Ragla - Ruben. 104 4257

- 4289
Sanger - Stoloff. 105 4290

- 4315
Teller - Zuckerman. 106 4316

- 4344
Unidentified student papers. 106 4345
- Page 123 -
IX. Consciousness investigations
IX. Consciousness investigations.
A. The Work/Gurdjieff.
Arranged chronologically. Primarily notes from work in A. R. Orage's groups, including formulations
(self-observations) and notes from lectures on literature, dating from 1924 to 1928.
Box Folder
Formulations. 107 4346

- 4359
Literature lecture notes. 107 4360

- 4367

- 4369
B. Pojodag House.
Description
Notes from occult and philosophical studies, dating from 1930 to 1932.
Box Folder
Publicity and study documents. 107 4370
Horoscope. 107 4371
Notes. 107 4372

- 4379
- Page 124 -
C. Eileen Garrett
C. Eileen Garrett.
1. Correspondence.
Description
Correspondence among members of Eileen Garrett's circle, including Naumburg, between June 1933 and
August 1934.
Box Folder
Crandall, Ella Phillips , member of the circle around medium 108 4381-4386,
Eileen Garrett, letters to and from Naumburg regarding Garrett and 4388-4393
other members of the circle including the Lindsays and Bolton (31
items), 1933.
Lindsay, Elmer A. , member of the circle around medium Eileen 108 4386,
Garrett, letters to and from Naumburg regarding Garrett and other 4388,
members of the circle including his wife Florence Lindsay and 4389, 4392
Crandall (10 items), 1933.
Lindsay, Florence L. , member of the circle around medium Eileen 108 4380-4382
Garrett, letters to Naumburg regarding Garrett and other members
of the circle including her husband Elmer Lindsay, Elsa Crandall,
and Bolton (5 items), 1933.
2. Sittings.
Description
Transcripts of conversations between spirit personalities (through the person of Garrett in a trance) and
Margaret Naumburg, both with Naumburg alone and with other 'sitters,' between January 1933 and
December 1939.
- Page 125 -
2. Sittings
Box Folder
Partial Index. 108 4397
1933 January 1 - March 30. 108 4398

- 4419
1933 April 1 - May 25. 109 4420

- 4469
1933 May 30 - September 7. 110 4470

- 4513
1933 September 8 - 1934 March 7. 111 4514

- 4556
1934 March 8 - August 18. 112 4557

- 4599
1934 August 19 - December 6. 113 4600

- 4649
1934 December 10 - 1935 April 9. 114 4650

- 4689
1935 April 15 - November 14. 115 4690

- 4731
1935 December 3 - 1937 December 21. 116 4732

- 4786
1938 January 10 - 1939 December. 117 4787

- 4811
- Page 126 -
3. Naumburg Writings with Garrett's Guidance
Undated. 117 4812

- 4816
3. Naumburg Writings with Garrett's Guidance.
Description
Writing projects undertaken with instructions received in sittings and based on research done with and
on Garrett.
Box Folder
Apparitions. 117 4818

- 4826
Apparitions. 118 4827

- 4836
The Attitude of Analysis to Multiple Personality and Its Application 118 4837
to Mediumship. - 4875
The Attitude of Analysis to Multiple Personality... 119 4876

- 4918
Garrett autobiographical material. 120 4919

- 4927
Clairvoyance notes. 120 4928

- 4934
Clairvoyant impressions of Adolf Hitler. 120 4935
- Page 127 -
3. Naumburg Writings with Garrett's Guidance
Ghost of Maitland Manor. 120 4936

- 4957
Healing notes. 120 4958
Jung notes. 120 4959
Mediumship notes. 120 4960
My Life as a Search for the Meaning of Mediumship. 121 4961

- 4973
Poltergeist notes. 121 4974

- 4996
Principles notes. 121 4997

- 5000
Psychology notes. 121 5000

- 5004
Sexuality/duality notes. 121 5005

- 5007
Sexuality/duality notes. 122 5008

- 5018
Supernormal powers notes. 122 5019

- 5023
Symmetry notes. 122 5024

- 5027
- Page 128 -
4. Garrett Writings

- 5029
4. Garrett Writings.
Box Folder
"The Attitude of Modern Science to Parapsychology" . 122 5030-5031
5. Research Notes.
Arranged alphabetically by name of source author. Passages copied out in researching for writing
projects under Garrett.
Box Folder
Bernheim - Wercollier. 122 5033

- 5044

- 5046
6. Scientific Studies of Garrett.
Arrangement
Arranged alphabetically by name of researcher.
Box Folder
Brown. 122 5047

- 5055
- Page 129 -
D. Other psychics
Brown. 123 5056

- 5063
Levy. 123 5064
Rhine. 123 5065

- 5073
Strakosch. 123 5074
Traeger. 123 5075
D. Other psychics.
Arranged alphabetically by name of psychic. Includes consultations, test situations, examples of

automatic writing, and horoscopes.
Box Folder
"Barit" . 123 5076
"Beatrice" . 123 5077
Beaurepaire, Gerald de. 123 5078

- 5080
Crandall, Ella Phillips. 123 5081

- 5082
Dame, Elma. 123 5083
Dowden, Hester. 123 5084

- 5088
- Page 130 -
D. Other psychics
Grady, Chester. 123 5089

- 5090
"F.H." . 123 5091
Home, D. D. 123 5092
Kellogg, D. D. 123 5093

- 5106
Kellogg, D. D. 124 5107

- 5111
Kingsley, Myra. 124 5112
Krishnaswami, J.?. 124 5113
MacCarthy, Ivie. 124 5114

- 5117
Mühl, Anita M. 124 5118

- 5119
"J.R." . 124 5120
"Mrs. Rouse" . 124 5121
Severn, Elizabeth. 124 5122
Vaughan, Ruth. 124 5123
Wehner, George. 124 5124
- Page 131 -
E. Other phenomena
E. Other phenomena.
Materials on dreams, arranged alphabetically by name of dreamer, and the correspondence and
experiments of an ESP group of which Naumburg was a member, each arranged chronologically.
Box Folder
Dreams. 124 5125

- 5132
ESP experiments. 124 5133

- 5149
F. Works by others.
Box Folder
Articles/reprints arranged alphabetically by author. 125 5150

- 5179
Periodical issues arranged alphabetically by title. 125 5180

- 5184
G. Miscellaneous.
Description
Notes and file folders.
Box Folder

- 5189
- Page 132 -
X. Proposals
X. Proposals.
Series Description
Arranged chronologically. Includes proposals for an exhibit of art of the Western Hemisphere,
schizophrenia research, a Guggenheim fellowship for support of a book project, Fulbright funds for
travel to South America, the establishment of the American Art Therapy Association, and a Radcliffe
Institute fellowship for support in organizing her papers.
Box Folder
Three Americas Exhibition, 1930s. 126 5190

- 5230
Scottish Rite schizophrenia proposal, 1941. 126 5231

- 5236
Schizophrenia research proposal, 1945. 126 5237
Children's center proposal, 1945. 126 5238

- 5243
V.A. demonstration plan, 1951?. 127 5244

- 5248
Matchette Foundation materials, 1951. 127 5249
Guggenheim Fellowship application, 1952. 127 5250

- 5260
Institute for the Study of Man application, 1957. 127 5261

- 5276
Fulbright-Hayes grant application, 1966. 127 5277

- 5279
- Page 133 -
XI. Biographical/Professional information
Art in Action research proposal, 1967?. 127 5280
American Art Therapy Assn. plans, 1968-1969. 127 5281

- 5287
Book proposal, 1970. 127 5288
Radcliffe Institute Fellowship application, 1973. 127 5289

- 5298
XI. Biographical/Professional information.
Series Description
Includes interviews of and articles about Naumburg, curricula vitae, and biographical summaries, each
category arranged chronologically. Also includes biographical dictionary entries, a New York Academy
of Sciences membership certificate, and letterhead samples.
Box Folder
Interviews and articles re Naumburg, arranged chrono. 128 5299

- 5313
Curricula vitae, arranged chronologically. 128 5314

- 5325
Biographical summaries, arranged chronologically. 128 5326

- 5336
Biographical dictionary entries. 128 5337
New York Academy of Sciences membership certificate. 128 5339
- Page 134 -
XII. Works by others
Letterhead examples. 128 5340

- 5341
XII. Works by others.
A. Articles/Reprints.
Arrangement
Arranged alphabetically by author.
Box Folder
Abenheimer - Bell. 129 5342

- 5383
Bender - De Mille. 130 5384

- 5437
Delay - Fromm-Reichmann. 131 5438

- 5481
Gardner - Klapman. 132 5482

- 5531
Koerner - Maisel. 133 5532

- 5581
Mandelbaum - Pines. 134 5582

- 5640
Polatin - Spotnitz. 135 5641

- 5693
- Page 135 -
B. Periodicals
Steed - Zurmuehlen. 136 5694

- 5745
Unidentified authors. 136 5746

- 5748
B. Periodicals.
Arrangement
Arranged alphabetically by title and by date.
Box Folder
Acta - Art. 137 5750

- 5771
Arts - Bulletin of Art. 138 5772

- 5805
Bulletin of the - Genetic. 139 5806

- 5828
Impromptu - Psychoanalytic. 140 5829

- 5851
Psychology - Zeitschrift. 141 5852

- 5874
- Page 136 -
C. Other materials
C. Other materials.
Box Folder
Pamphlets. 142 5875

- 5899
Arranged alphabetically by organization or business, when

possible. Includes pamphlets describing organizations and publisher
advertisements for books.
Conference materials for conferences at which Naumburg was not 142 5900
a presenter. - 5906
Arranged alphabetically by name of sponsoring organization.

Programs and announcements for conferences in which Naumburg
was not a participant.
Course announcements for organizations and courses for which 142 5907
Naumburg was not an instructor. - 5912
Arranged alphabetically by institution name. Announcements and

bulletins for courses in programs where Naumburg was not an
instructor.
Directories. 142 5913

- 5917
Arrangement
Arranged alphabetically by organization.
- Page 137 -
C. Other materials
Exhibit catalogs for exhibits in which Naumburg was not involved. 143 5918
- 5933
Arranged alphabetically by exhibit title. Catalogs for exhibits in which

Naumburg was not involved.
Iconography collection. 143 5934

- 5939
Description
Volumes of Psychopathologie de l'expression: une collection

iconographique internationale, consisting of folders of unbound
reproductions of images.
Images. 143 5940

- 5947
Description
Images saved by Naumburg by tracing, cutting from magazines, or

purchasing postcards.
Bibliographies. 144 5948

- 5981
Arrangement
Arranged alphabetically by organization or topic.
Psychology vocabulary reference. 144 5982
Description
Psychology vocabulary chart.
- Page 138 -
XIII. Miscellaneous
Research notes (arranged alphabetically by source author, then by 145 5983

title). - 6038
Arranged alphabetically by source author and title. Passages copied

for use in research.
XIII. Miscellaneous.
Series Description
Includes medical notes, art supply notes, instructions for machinery such as tape recorders, financial
notes, and notes by unidentified writers.
Box Folder
Medical/physical notes. 146 6039

- 6040
Art supply notes. 146 6041
Technical materials. 146 6042
Miscellaneous financial notes and records. 146 6043
Miscellaneous notes. 146 6044

- 6045
Miscellaneous notes not by Naumburg. 146 6046
Miscellaneous material. 146 6047
Miscellaneous file folders. 146 6048
- Page 139 -
XIV. Slides
XIV. Slides. Box Folder

147-154
Series Description
2" × 2" glass slides edged with disintegrating tape, used in lectures and
courses. The slides are primarily of patient artwork and were frequently used
in more than one lecture. They arrived gathered into small groups with rubber
bands, of ten with notes written by Naumburg. These groups were transferred
into pockets in binders, preserving the groups where possible. If there was a
note describing the group, it was placed in a pocket immediately preceding the
group; if there was a note indic ating a missing slide, it was filed in the order
found, as if it were a slide.
XV. Photographs.
Series Description
Small photographs sleeved in mylar and filed in binders. This series includes Naumburg family
photographs and photographs of Naumburg; photographs of the artwork of patients M.R. and G.C.,
whose cases were featured in Schizophrenic Art; photographs of the artwork of client M.W., whose case
was the basis of Psychoneurotic Art; and the prints and negatives from Introduction to Art Therapy,
the 1973 edition of Studies of the 'Free' Art of Behavior Problem Children and Adolescents as a Means
of Diagnosis and Therapy, originally published in 1947.
All photographs of patient artwork are restricted until 2044 (boxes 155-159).
Box
Family photographs; Patient artwork (M.R.) (RESTRICTED). 155
Patient artwork (G.C.) (RESTRICTED). 156
Patient artwork (M.W.) (RESTRICTED). 159
- Page 140 -
XVI. Photograph albums
Introduction to Art Therapy (prints). 160
Introduction to Art Therapy (negatives). 161
Miscellaneous. 162
XVI. Photograph albums.
Series Description
Pages removed from three old binders, sleeved in mylar and placed in new binders in their original page
order. The three albums were of photographs from the book Schizophrenic Art and the exhibits "The
Psychotherapeutic Significance of the Art Productions of a College Girl" and "The Survival Value of
Fantasy Projection in Art Therapy."
Box
Schizophrenic Art illustrations. 163
"Psychotherapeutic Significance..." exhibit images. 164
"Survival Value of Fantasy..." exhibit images. 165
- Page 141 -
XVII. Oversize
XVII. Oversize.
A. Photographs and Printed Materials.
Description
Includes a photograph album containing photographs of the artwork of patient G.C., miscellaneous
photographs including some pictures of Naumburg and her family, newspaper clippings, and exhibit
signs.
Box
Photograph album of patient artwork (G.C.) (RESTRICTED). 166
Miscellaneous Photographs, including photographs of Naumburg, family members, 167

and patient artwork.
Newspaper clippings. 168
Newspaper clippings (full length). 169
Exhibit signs. 170
B. Audio Recordings.
Description
Includes reel to reel tapes of client sessions and class sessions, and a cassette tape of a late interview of
Naumburg.
Box
Client records (G.K.), 8 reel to reel tapes (RESTRICTED). 171
Client records (unidentified), 2 reel to reel tapes. 172
- Page 142 -
C. Memorabilia
Courses (Case Studies, 6 reel to reel tapes, 1959-60),. 173
Naumburg interview, 1 cassette tape. 174
C. Memorabilia.
Description
Includes one black glove, one white glove, and three envelopes used in a psychic experiment; a
conference badge for the 4th International Congress of Psychiatry, held in Madrid in 1966; and a
photomechanical printing block for a 1930s newspaper photograph of Naumburg.
Box
* 2 gloves 175
* 3 envelopes
* conference badge
* photomechanical printing block (image of Naumburg).
D. Client Clay Sculptures (RESTRICTED).
Description
6 boxes of sculptures by patient G.C. and 1 box of sculptures by client M.W. These items are restricted
from use until 2044.
Box
Juvenile patient artwork (G.C., 4 items). 176
- Page 143 -
E. Client Drawings and Paintings (RESTRICTED)
Adult client artwork (M.W., 6 items). 182
E. Client Drawings and Paintings (RESTRICTED).
Description
4.5 drawers of juvenile patient artworks, arranged alphabetically by name, 3.5 drawers of adult client
artworks, arranged alphabetically by name, and 1 drawer of artwork from student case studies, arranged
alphabetically by student name. These items are restricted from use until 2044.
Juvenile Patients (F.B. - A.C.).
Juvenile Patients (G.C. - H.F.).
Juvenile Patients (F.K. - J.L.).
Juvenile Patients (M.R.).
Juvenile Patients (E.W.).
Adult Clients (P.B. - A.J.).
Adult Clients (V.P. - A.S.).
Adult Clients (M.W.).
Adult Clients (M.W.).
Artwork from student case studies.
- Page 144 -
F. Exhibit Signs
F. Exhibit Signs. Drawer

60
G. Client Artwork in Dietrich.
Description
4 framed paintings from a student case study, 2 oversize paintings by juvenile patient H.F. in oversize
poster shelving, and 1 sculpture in stone of a torso. The artwork by juvenile patients is restricted
from use until 2044.
4 framed paintings from a student case study.
2 oversize paintings by a juvenile patient (H.F.) in oversize poster shelving (RESTRICTED).
1 unidentified stone sculpture.
- Page 145 -

Margaret Naumburg Papers

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Margaret Naumburg papers

Ms. Coll. 294

Finding aid prepared by Amey A. Hutchins.

Last updated on July 23, 2020.

Scope and Contents..................................................................................................................................... 19

Controlled Access Headings........................................................................................................................23

Elementary education materials.............................................................................................................84

Client records (RESTRICTED)...........................................................................................................112

Art Therapy courses............................................................................................................................ 119

Student work........................................................................................................................................ 122

Repository University of Pennsylvania: Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare

Creator Naumburg, Margaret, b. 1890

Title Margaret Naumburg papers

Call number Ms. Coll. 294

Date [inclusive] 1912-1974

Extent 182 boxes

Abstract Margaret Naumburg (1890–1983) was an American psychologist,

Art therapy is psychoanalytically oriented, recognizing the fundamental importance of the

In the following year, however, she received a challenge to go still further.

Scope and Contents

Controlled Access Headings

• New York (N.Y.)--Intellectual life--20th century

Other Finding Aids

Abrams, Leonia, letter to Naumburg (1 item), undated. 1 1

Abt, Lawrence Edwin, 1915-1994, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1962. 1 2

Acta psychotherapeutica, psychosomatica et orthopaedagogica, letter 1 3

Adelphi University. School of Social Work, letters to and from 1 5

Ad-Hoc Committee on Behavioral Sciences Legislation, letters to 1 4

Alexander, Franz, 1891-1964, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1956. 1 6

Alf, Eleanor, letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1900-1970. 1 7

Allentown State Hospital, letter to Naumburg from Hanna Toni Norton, 1 8

Allport, Gordon W. (Gordon Willard), 1897-1967, letter to Naumburg (1 1 9

American Art Therapy Association, letters to Naumburg from Myra F. 1 10-15

including a memo from Ault regarding the nomination by the executive

American Association of University Women, letters to Naumburg from 1 16

American Group Psychotherapy Association, letters to and from 1 17

American journal of orthopsychiatry, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 21-23

American journal of psychotherapy, letters to and from Naumburg 1 24

American Occupational Therapy Association, letters to and from 1 25

American Orthopsychiatric Association, letters to and from Naumburg 1 26-27

American Psychiatric Association, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 28-31

American Psychological Association, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 32-38

American Psychological Association. Division of Consulting Psychology, 1 39

American Psychological Association. Division of Psychology and the 1 40

American Psychological Association. Division of the Psychology of 1 41

American psychologist, letter from Naumburg (1 item), 1959. 1 42

American Society for Psychical Research, letters to and from Naumburg 1 44

American Society of Psychopathology of Expression, letters to and from 1 45

Anderson, Maxwell, 1888-1959, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 46

Andrews, Michael F., letter to Naumburg (1 item), 1963. 1 47

Annales m'edico psychologiques, letters to and from Naumburg and 1 48-49

Anshen, Ruth Nanda, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), 1 50

Appel, Kenneth E. (Kenneth Ellmaker), 1896-1979, letters to and from 1 51-52

Arnheim, Rudolf, letters to and from Naumburg (13 items), 1957-1973. 1 53

Arnold, Alvin L., letters to and from Naumburg (2 items), 1973. 1 54

Associations des Parents d'Elèves des Lycées, letter to Naumburg (1 1 56

Atlantic, letter from Naumburg addressed to E. A. Weeks and 1 57

Augeros, Xenia, letters to and from Naumburg (3 items), undated. 2 58

Ault, Robert E., letters to Naumburg concerning invitation by Karin 2 59

Authors' League of America, letters to Naumburg from Dorothy Straus, 2 60

Azima, Fern J. Cramer, letters to and from Naumburg, a letter to Hassan 2 61

Bach, George R. (George Robert), 1914-1986, letters to and from 2 62

Bank Street College of Education, letter from Naumburg addressed 2 64

Barlow, Gary, letters to and from Naumburg (4 items), 1963. 2 65