Crop

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For other uses, see Crop (disambiguation).

Domesticated plants

Crops drying in a home in Punjab, India.

A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or
subsistence.[1] Crops may refer either to the harvested parts or to the harvest in a
more refined state. Most crops are cultivated in agriculture or aquaculture. A crop
may include macroscopic fungus (e.g. mushrooms), or macroscopic
marine alga (e.g. seaweed).
Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock. Some crops are
gathered from the wild (including intensive gathering, e.g. ginseng, yohimbee,
eucommia.
Important non-food crops include horticulture, floriculture and industrial
crops. Horticulture crops include plants used for other crops (e.g. fruit
trees). Floriculture crops include bedding plants, houseplants, flowering garden and
pot plants, cut cultivated greens, and cut flowers. Industrial crops are produced
for clothing (fiber crops e.g. cotton), biofuel (energy crops, algae fuel),
or medicine (medicinal plants).

Contents

 1Important food crops

 2See also
 3References
 4Further reading
Important food crops[edit]

World production of crops by commodity group[2]

The importance of a crop varies greatly by region. Globally, the following crops
contribute most to human food supply (values of kcal/person/day for 2013 given in
parentheses): rice (541 kcal), wheat (527 kcal), sugarcane and other sugar crops
(200 kcal), maize (corn) (147 kcal), soybean oil (82 kcal), other vegetables (74
kcal), potatoes (64 kcal), palm oil (52 kcal), cassava (37 kcal), legume pulses (37
kcal), sunflower seed oil (35 kcal), rape and mustard oil (34 kcal), other fruits, (31
kcal), sorghum (28 kcal), millet (27 kcal), groundnuts (25 kcal), beans (23
kcal), sweet potatoes (22 kcal), bananas (21 kcal), various nuts (16
kcal), soybeans (14 kcal), cottonseed oil (13 kcal), groundnut oil (13 kcal), yams (13
kcal).[3] Note that many of the globally apparently minor crops are regionally very
important. For example, in Africa, roots & tubers dominate with 421 kcal/person/day,
and sorghum and millet contribute 135 kcal and 90 kcal, respectively. [3]

World production of crops, main commodities[4]

In terms of produced weight, the following crops are the most important ones (global
production in thousand metric tonnes): [5]

Crop 2000 2013 2020

Sugarcan
1,256,380 1,877,110 1,870,246
e

Maize 592,479 1,016,740 1,171,332

Rice 599,355 745,710 1,264,410

 Crop 2000 2013 2020

Wheat 585,691 713,183 760,931

Potato 327,600 368,096 359,124

See also[edit]
 General topics and economics
o Cash crop
o Food crop
o Crop cultivation
o Crop yield
o Fruit trees
o Industrial crop
o Intensive crop farming
o Intercropping
o List of most valuable crops and livestock
products
o Multiple cropping
o Neglected and underutilized crop
o Permanent crop
o Sharecropping
o Staple food
o Nursery plants
 Floriculture crops
 Guerrilla gardening
 Management practices
o Cover crop
o Crop destruction
o Crop residue
o Crop rotation
o Crop weed
o Kharif crops (crops specific to South
Asia)
o Nurse crop
o Rabi crops (crops specific to South Asia)
 Genetic diversity
o Crop diversity
o Crop wild relative
o Seed bank
 Origin
 o Neolithic founder crops

References[edit]
1. ^ "Definition of CROP". www.merriam-webster.com.
Retrieved June 20, 2017.
2. ^ "World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook
2021". www.fao.org. doi:10.4060/cb4477en.  Archived  from
the original on 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b Food and Agriculture Organization  of
the  United Nations, Statistics Division (2017).  "FAOstats
Food Supply - Crops Primary Equivalent".
4. ^ "World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook
2021". www.fao.org. doi:10.4060/cb4477en.  Archived  from
the original on 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
5. ^ FAO 2015. FAO Statistical Pocketbook 2015, ISBN 978-
92-5-108802-9, p. 28

Further reading[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Crops.

 Sleper, David A.; Poehlman, John M.

(2006). Breeding Field Crops. Blackwell
Publishing. ISBN 9780813824284.
Retrieved December 5, 2011.
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