03/03/2019

ARHITECTURAL
STYLES &
RENOWNED PERIOD
ARCHITECTS
Ar. Zhardei Alyson V. Naranjo

Famous Architectural Styles

• Classic  Art Nouveau

• Romanesque  Art Deco
• Gothic  Modern

• Baroque  International style

 Brutalism
• Neoclassical
 Post Modern
• Beaux-Art
 Deconstructivism

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CLASSIC : GREEK ARCHITECTURE

PARTHENON (447 BC)
The finest example

Golden Ratio

Enthasis

ROMANESQUE
• Descended from Roman.
• Known for Great abbey churches and Castles.

Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception Santiago de Compostela Cathedral 1075-1211

(Manila Cathedral)

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GOTHIC “Medieval Architecture”

San Sebastian Cathedral (Neo-Gothic)

Notre Dame Cathedral Reims Cathedral

BAROQUE

Church of Our Lady of the Assumption

St. Augustine Church
(Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion), aka. Sta. Maria
aka. Paoay Church, Ilocos Norte
Church, Ilocos Sur

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Neoclassical : mid 18th century -1925

• Revival of Classical Architecture.
• The style was influenced by Vitruvian
principles and works of Andrea Palladio
Palladian Architecture :
• Extremely Popular in 18th century.
• Characterized as Symmetrical and
Balance.
• Influenced by the architecture of ancient
Rome and the principles of classical
antiquity.

• The ideal form that Neoclassical architecture

looks at was the temple. Which was
represented classical architecture in its purest
form. Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello
Architect: Thomas Jefferson

San Ignacio Church, Manila

Architect: Felix Roxas

Old Legislative Building Manila Central Post Office

(National Museum of the Phil.) Architects: Juan Arellano and
Architect: Juan Arellano Tomas Mapua

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BEAUX-ART (means Fine Arts in french):

1880-1930
• A lavish and heavily ornamented
Classical style.
• A reflection of wealth.
• The style was popularized during the

Palais Garnier (Opera Garnier)

1893 Columbian exposition in Chicago.

Architect: Charles Garnier

Advocated by Daniel Burnham, The City
Beautiful Movement.
• Beaux Arts is characterized by order,
symmetry, formal design, grandiosity,
and elaborate ornamentation. 1861-1875

1820-1870 Finally. . .

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ART NOUVEAU (means New Art in french) :

1890s - 1910
• The first architectural style independent of the “The straight line
tradition of antiquity after the Gothic style. belongs to men, the
curved one to God.”
• The major Characteristic of Art Nouveau are the
Swirling "whiplash curves," lines taking on the
shape of a whip; integrating Art with
craftsmanship. The decorative elements are a
combination of nature and industry Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926)
• " a style of decoration and architectural detail
popular in the 1890s featuring sinuous, floral
motifs."—John Milnes Baker, AIA

Casa Milà Barcelona Casa Josep Batlló

(1906-1910) (1904-1906)

(Style Moderne) :
1920s in Europe and 1930s in US
Simple, clean shapes, often with a “streamlined” look; ornament
that is geometric or stylized from representational forms.

Chrysler Building (1930) Empire State Building (1931) Metropolitan Theater Manila (1931)
Architect: William Van Allen Architect: William Lamb Architect: Juan Arellano

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Early 20th Century

“Form Follows Function”

Louis Sullivan The Chicago School : Birth place of Skyscraper

(He is the major player)
The “Father of Skyscrapers”
The First modern Architect

Wainwright Building

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INTERNATIONAL STYLE
“The Architecture of the modern movement”
1910-1970
• Became the global symbol of
modernity.
• The term “International Style” was
coined by Henry-Russell Hitchcock
and Philip Johnson.
• It is often described as "minimalist" due
to the tendency of its adherents to
design buildings that were devoid of all
ornament and reduced to their most
basic structural elements.
• Use of steel, concrete, and glass.

“Cube within a cube.” “A house is a machine for living in.”

"I prefer drawing to talking. Drawing is faster, and leaves less room for lies."

Five points of Architecture

1. Piloti
2. Roof garden
3. Ribbon window
4. Free plan
5. Free façade
The Unité
represents the most
complete
Villa Sovoye Poissy, France
realization we have
of Le Corbusier's
idea of communal
Movements and Styles: housing, often
Modern Architecture, The described as a
International Style, "city within a city."
Purism, Brutalism

Chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut (1950-55) Unité d'Habitation (1945-52)

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CUBISM characterized by
the use of geometric planes and
shapes.

"We want to create the purely organic building, boldly

emanating its inner laws, free of untruths or ornamentation“

“ Architecture begins where engineering ends.”

Walter Gropius is one of the pioneers of modern architecture,
he was the founder of the Bauhaus, a revolutionary art school in Germany.

Movements and Styles:

Bauhaus,
The International Style

The Fagus Factory (1910) Bauhaus building (1925 - 26)

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"Less is more." "Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space."

Mies van der Rohe call his designs "skin-and-bones" architecture.

Farnsworth House
The house is an
embodiment of Mies'
mature vision of
modern architecture.
“Skin-and-bones”

Movements and Styles: The

International Style, Modern
Architecture, Bauhaus, Art
Nouveau

Seagram Building (1958) S.R. Crown hall,

Illinois Institute of Technology

“I try to make a house like a flower pot, in which you can

root something and out of which family life will bloom.

“Architects must have a razor-sharp sense of individuality.”

Neutra's houses were dramatic, flat-surfaced industrialized-looking

buildings placed into a carefully arranged landscape. Constructed with steel,
glass, and reinforced concrete, they were typically finished in stucco.

Movements and Styles:

Modernism and
The International Style

Kaufman Hause (1946) Coveney House

A Mid-century house

Richard Neutra

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Brutalism
(béton brut or crude concrete) : 1970s
The construction of his own rough, concrete buildings.

Cultural Center of the
Philippines
Philippine International
Convention Center
Folk Arts Theater Leandro Locsin
National Artist of
the Philippines for
Architecture in 1990

Church of Light

The Met Breuer is a museum of

modern and contemporary art Marcel Beuer
Tadao Ando

Church at St. John’s Abbey (1961)

IBM Laboratory (1962) Suntory Museum 4x4 house (2003)

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POST-MODERN
1970s
• The colorful styles of architecture and the decorative
arts.

• Evolved from the modernist movement, yet

contradicts many of the modernist ideas.

• Combining new ideas with traditional forms,

postmodernist buildings may startle, surprise, and even
amuse. Familiar shapes and details are used in
unexpected ways. Buildings may incorporate symbols
to make a statement or simply to delight the viewer.

“Less is Bore.”
“More is More.”

The Author of much acclaimed book

“Complexity and Contradiction in
Architecture.”
He also led the development of Post-
modernism movement in architecture
during 1970s.

Vanna Venturi House:

used the house as a
canvas to demonstrate
Movements and Styles:
some of the
Post modernism,
“complexities and
Expressionism
contradictions” in
modern architecture.

Fire Station #4 Children Museum of

Houston
Robert Venturi

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“In any architecture, there is an

equity between the pragmatic
function and the symbolic function.”

Portland Building

Movements and Styles:

Post modernism,
Expressionism

Denver Public Library

Steigenberger Hotel in Egypt

Michael Graves

“Architecture Is The Art Of How To Waste Space”

“ All Architecture Is Shelter, All Great Architecture Is The Design Of Space
That Contains, Cuddles, Exalts, Or Stimulates The Persons In That Space.”
Pittsburgh’s PPG Place

Movements and Styles:

Post-Modernism, Modern
Neo-gothic
The first ever Pritzker
Architecture Prize in 1979
AT&T Building
The icon of Post-Modernism
Philip Johnson The Glass House

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DECONSTRUCTIVISM
• The basic elements of architecture are
dismantled. Deconstructivist buildings may
seem to have no visual logic.
• Deconstructive ideas are borrowed from the
French philosopher Jacques Derrida.
• Deconstructivist architects : "intentionally
violate the cubes and right angles of
modernism."

“ Architecture Should Speak Of Its Time And Place, But Yearn

For Timelessness.”

"the most important Walt Disney

architect of our age". Concert Hall
His original, sculptural, Chiat/Day Complex “Binoculars Building”
often audacious work won
him worldwide renown
Stata Center

Movements and Styles:

Post-modernism and
Deconstructivism

Frank Ghery

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“ It Is Insufficient For Architecture Today To Directly Implement An Existing

Building Typology; It Instead Requires Architects To Carefully Examine The Whole
Area With New Interventions And Programmatic Typologies.”

Heydar Aliyev Center

Morpheus Hotel Tower

"Queen of the curve"

Contemporary Arts Museum

The first woman to receive
the Pritzker Architecture Prize,
in 2004. She received the UK's
Vitra Fire Station

most prestigious architectural

award, the Stirling Prize, in
2010 and 2011.

Zaha Hadid

"Kill the Skyscraper".

“The skyscraper has become less interesting

in inverse proportion to its success. It has
not been refined, but corrupted."

"one of architecture’s most influential

thinkers."

Known for his striking, often IIT Chicago Train Tracks

gravity-defying structures
Movements and Styles:
Modernism, Structuralism,
Deconstructivism
"The CCTV headquarters is an unusual take on the
skyscraper typology. Instead of competing in the race
for ultimate height and style through a traditional
two-dimensional tower soaring skyward, CCTV’s
loop poses a truly three-dimensional experience,
culminating in a 75-meter cantilever."
Seattle Central Library
Rem Koolhaas

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"The more rigorously one searches for the origin of modernity...the further
back it seems to lie. One tends to project it back, if not to the Renaissance,
then to that movement in the mid-18th century when a new view of history
brought architects to question the Classical canons of Vitruvius and to
document the remains of the antique world in order to establish a more
objective basis on which to work.“

-Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture (3rd ed., 1992)

MORE . . . STYLES,

FAMOUS ARCHITECTS & BUILDINGS

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• High-tech Architecture : marked by a
preference for lightweight materials and
sheer surfaces, a readiness to adopt new
techniques from engineering and other
technologies, and the celebratory display of
a building’s construction and services.
– are characterized:
– by exposed structures.
– exposed services (pipes and air ducts etc.),
– a smooth, impervious skin (often of glass)
– a flexibility to create internal service zones,
rather than rooms or sequences of rooms
Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban
Kimbell Art Museum
Louis Kahn
03/03/2019
• Vernacular Architecture (Folk
Architecture) : is the living environment
people have created for themselves,
availability of construction materials and
reflecting local traditions.
– "Folk building growing in response to actual
needs, fitted into environment by people who
knew no better than to fit them with native
feeling“ -FLW
Classical-Modernism
Salk Institute
First Unitarian Church
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Modernism

TWA Terminal at JFK International Airport Gateway Arch

Eero Saarinen

At 101! . . . Modernism

Le Grand Louvre

"has given this century some of its

most beautiful interior spaces and Bank of China
exterior forms.“
I.M Pei (Ieoh Ming Pei) Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

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The Munich Olympiastadion

Frei Otto

Futuristic Architecture

Geodesic dome : Dymaxion House :

offered the greatest volume for the least “dynamic, maximum, and tension”
surface area.

Buckminster Fuller

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Architecture is art, but art vastly High-tech Architecture

contaminated by many other
things. Contaminated in the best (Bold Postmodernism)
sense of the word—fed, fertilized
by many things.”

Porto Antico di Genova

Centre Pompidou (With Richard Rogers) The Shard

Renzo Piano

High-tech and
Sustainable Architecture

City Hall, London

Apple Park (Apple HQ) HSBC Building (Hong Kong)

Norman Foster

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“Let me tell you one thing. In this world we are living in, 98%
of everything that is built and designed today is pure sh*t.
There’s no sense of design, no respect for humanity or for
anything else. They are damn buildings and that’s it.” -FOG

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