DISSERTATION

FLOOD RESISTANT BUILDINGS

BY
SANTHOSH RAJ R
17AR58
B.ARCH 4TH YR – B SEC
SVS SOA
ABSTRACT

• living is the most important one for humans in their everyday life.

• This living of humans has to deal with the day to day disasters occurring occasionally or frequently. One of the
form of this disaster is flooding.

• In India , Perennial rivers such as Ganga, Brahmaputra, Sutlej etc. always causes flooding during cyclones and
heavy monsoon. The net result of this destruction is the migration of people from affected areas.

• This study is to explore the ways of creating sustainable living environment for the areas that suffers flooding
continuously every year.

• This report will cover the techniques and ways to provide flood residents a housing that will perform great in
both land and water.
INTRODUCTION

• Flood is the most common Disaster of lndia and causes huge losses to lives,
properties.
• The most flood prone regions are Ganga and Brahmaputra river basins. These two
rivers alone carry country's 60% of total river flow.
• The other regions includes Mahanadi, Nannada, Tapti, Krishna and Cauvery river
basins.
• The people in the affected area experiences huge losses and grievances
destroying their homes, their communities, their networks, their support system,
their very way of life.
• Most people do not come back to their homes because their homes were un-
liveable.
• Looking into the matter, there is a need of desiging a new residence for these
areas to withstand the rising water levels that will eliminate the rebuild process
after flood and thereby providing healthier and safer living
AIM & OBJECTIVE
• The aim is to study a new method for construction of houses along riverside or on flooding zones.
• To develop more understanding toward floating structures.
• To study the present day techniques for water adaptable living units.
• To incorporate the design into Indian environment with available resources and methods of
construction.

SCOPE & AREA OF CONCERN

The scope will be limited to the dwelling units focusing on adaptable design during rise in water conditions
such as floods to cater the design need of such areas concerned with regular flooding every year.
LIMITATIONS

• Establishing adequate technical systems to meet human comfort

• Ensuring the safety
• Offering an adequate transportation system to carry people to the structure or
proposing suitable entrances according to the whole project
• Meeting all the physiological requirements of occupants

METHODOLOGY

• Research/data collection
• Case studies
• Research on floating architecture
• Background study on issues and their solutions
• Design process
CHAPTER - 2
CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEMS AND ITS EFFECTS

• Global average surface temperature will increase by 1.1—6.40 C within few decades,
depending partially on upcoming drifts in energy use.
• Warming will be extreme over land and at high latitudes
• Rise in sea level is expected to continue at an alarming rate.
• Indian coastline is susceptible to coastal floods, tsunami, hurricanes and cyclones.
• A little increment in occurrence and severity of these life-threatening climate events or
variation in coastline is likely to have devastating effects and can cause residents
displacement from the affected area.
• These displaced people are likely to experience various health consequences like
infectious, nutritional, traumatic, psychological, and other harsh experiences causing
conflict situations, economic dislocation, and stoppage to the economic growth of affected
area.
CHAPTER - 3
WATER DWELLING TYPOLOGIES
The monsoon rains washes away the lands every year with great intensity. The people of these
regions makes their accommodations for it and have their own construction techniques to
counter these flooding conditions.
Nowadays this strategy is of floating the house during flooding is modified and named as
'Amphibious Houses'. Which has the capability to rise and float during flooding.

TYPES OF WATER DWELLING TYPOLOGIES

Water dwelling units can be categorized based on type of foundation used and their performance
in water. Most of these techniques were employed in different parts of the world for centuries in
while others are newer approach however; each type has proven resilient toward flooding
conditions.
These includes:
• Pile dwelling (or stilt house).
• House Boats.
• Terp Dwelling.
• Elevated Residential Structures.
• Amphibious Houses.
CHAPTER - 4 LITERATURE REVIEW
WHY AMPHIBIOUS?

• During floods, many people have to abandon their houses because of water level rise.
• This rise in water level can take up to months to settle back down destroying the houses,
livelihood and including public utilities.
• It may take a year to restore all the things back to normal but the threat of the disaster to hit
again is also a problem.
• This results in a large amount of migration of people from those areas to somewhere.
• There had to be a better way so that homes were not damaged and people can move back to
their homes after the flood and continue to live their life.
• So what if the houses can get out of the way of the floods that is what an amphibious house
does.
• Unlike the stilts houses or elevated houses where the height is fixed, an amphibious house
rises above the flood level saving the house and settles back down after floods like nothing
happened.
ADVANTAGES OF GOING AMPHIBIOUS
• Residents of the house can stay safely inside the house even during floods.

• These houses remain on ground under normal conditions and rise during flooding.

• The house stays connected to all the municipal services and can even function during floods.

• Amphibious houses have proven excellent in resisting floods and has the ability to recover from disaster.

• These houses are proven a better solution for low cost houses in flood prone regions.

DIS-ADVANTAGES OF GOING AMPHIBIOUS

• These houses are restricted to aesthetic views, as there are limitations of size and shape of the house.

• There are height restrictions up to the height of guidance post.

• The house must be loaded symmetrically to preserve even levelling on each sides.

• The house is subjected to stronger external forces including wind, rain etc.

• There is also limitations to number of floors.

AMPHIBIOUS HOUSE - COMPONENTS
An amphibious house consists of following main components:

• Buoyant foundation.

• Wet dock and debris control.

• Vertical guidance posts.
• Flexible utility connections.

GUIDELINESS FOR DESIGNING

There are specific standards and guidelines to be followed to design an amphibious residence to be
liveable and perfect replacement for conventional houses. For an aquatectural, amphibious design to be
of proper functioning the following criteria has to be followed:
• Floating Capability.
• Buoyant foundation.
• Floating calculations.
• Structural Guidelines.
• Height calculations.
• Levee design and utility access.
REFERENCE
• Engineering Principles and Practices for Retrofitting Flood-Prone Residential Structures(Third Edition) FEMA P-25
January 2012
https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/fema259_complete_rev.pdf
• Review on Amphibious House by Tejas Urkudel Amarchand Kumar, Apoorva
Upadhye, Madhura Padwal, IRJET journal January2019

https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i1/IRJET-V6I1290.pdf

• Stilt Housing Technology for Flood Disaster Reduction in the Rural Areas of Bangladesh by S. Biswas , M.A. Hasan , M
S. Islam, International Journal of Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture & Design(2015)

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/M-Hasan-
4/publication/276883175_Stilt_Housing_Technology_for_Flood_Disaster_Reduction_in_the_Rural_Areas_of_Bangladesh/
inks/555b009b08ae6fd2d82849be/Stilt-Housing-Technology-for-Flood-Disaster-Reduction-in-the-Rural-Areas-of-
Bangladesh.pdf

• Houseboats in Kerala - Constructional Features and Environmental Issues by Dr. Nirmala Mathen, IOSR Journal o
Environmental Science (Dec. 2012).http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jestft/papers/vol1-issue6/F0163143.pdf

• Floating houses — chances and problems H. Stopp & P. Strangfeld Department of Building Physics, University o
Applied Sciences HS Lausitz, Germany 2010

https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC10/ARC10019FU1.pdf