Analysis No.

3 Chemical Examination of Urine

IG CANTPS, PRECOTS LORS E
OAMT
Pre-laboratory Questions
(to be submitted prior to the start ofthe experimentation)
1. Enumerate clinically significant chemicals detected and/or measured in a
urine specimen. Indicate their significance.
2. What are the laboratory safety precautions needed to observe in handling
some of the reagents needed in the chemical examination of urine?

3. What is the importance of detecting sugar in the urine?

4. What are the principles involved used? (is it involved or used?) in the
different parameters found in a 4-parameter urine test strip?
1p-aiel in demining e e of syctemic qed-bas disordere
0e tabcic or respiator origin ond in
te manc9 ment ofuninanY
at a me p chc
coditians that reaqui he unge bu maintained
to
lucose - tor tte deechion ond monitonra of diobetes llitus.
Ketones- for
te
Ctupel)
management
ad
diabefes melitus
monitorire of insuin depecnt

eload- 6ee 1f thore are prerence o red blod cele hergpbin,

of myoAlobln.
indichon of fier di6ease
Bilinubnr eariu
rcbiliegen mayindicale liver diseace hendyhc deordeg, as
wel aS ons ipahon Hes+ or tpe pre Sence ot uninanu
Nitrite arapid 5cre enir
fract infechop CU)::
been Hseds Parti alarly in dilukett
Leykoqyte eeLSOtohaueceeot the Prs encR of kocy te
alkaie
leu

urine ,ard auld not app0c and e m'croscopj

ponbaceral u1,
xaminotionibr urn badenal
nay
inflommathon of
of urnne Culture
and frad,
Specimenls
reeni

s
parhent hyctrotior, and dehyd ratcn
Spocifo Grou ty for monionmg ofrene
of tubular canentahon
to dete diabee insipidus ono D delominebilka,
upsansoctog specimens
*Handhing and onog Necgunt Shpg
cduo do
Ilo CcTukior
from dekn aahion cdured by mosture, volatile
must be Ppecec

6huld be d i opaque
ch mlcals, hedts
packa ged
lght
Conttoecs
moisture ut a desiccant

poed ttem fom cnd light

ps
Bcttes
rmoed Just
muf be
must be tig hty
uhoold not be opene
he
Pnor to testn), and
tesedled Imn edialeky
frasence of Uolcti le dimes
in
ffe botH

manudaoturer ecomnend hct reagqent reer beered at

6tng qreotedd
teom emperttue belou 0O bt efh
not be used bast tfeexp rotiremoung
an dat
Must the ctnas.
-Chemical pads mst not be touchsd whep
A us ual ins pechioo of he trip houd be done edob ine
to dekct dehnorion,
ouen thougb fte nps may Gi0
ae
be uitio expiretian da
 addlitjon to glucoses oommonly urd reducing ugaRs
lncude
to 8aactose rucj6e, pentose, and laclose, of which olactase
urin o
the mast din callu signiticcunt Galactoe 1
heu bom epresents an bef error of meteb diem" 10 whion
te
tte e awn
ack of braakdoo
Preuns
me galaictosel-phosphae uri
iggste
sem8
golooose and nesuls in aluhe
y ns
to thnue Ond atter omplicatons in
lu ding death The aPpeoraa
of oter tdu ong 6ugor
ad lactose is quenty i Ucualu of min
ound inHhe unie a olnica significoho
0F nursa9 moher
1) Theuine tet 6tnp oous di hum bes of parome fes (4,1o,,de wh
fet
Ineude ukocys, Nime, Urobilino gen, Yoein, PH, Blood, Specifi e
Kotope Bliabin, Guucose ond Ascorbic
eidRe cgent rw)
t
he Ropd Respone T Psmekr unnoyeis
4
Stne is a

uali he and semi quaot bhe, dip-and recel tst the deection
cose plocb Proen, and leutocytes in unne to oid in the
oGu
9eral valu ahon of healip ad in the diagnocs and moniorice
diseares
of metabolic or 6yekmc
Glueose his ttun not afecko) bg the prerene of Kefonas o

I
a peific alucoo-oxida peroi dase
Hhe
CGOD
pt
he
PoD7 reacio bared methad
is

-liko actfuty of
Blood Thie est bayed ontte FeoXidase isoproybenaere
reachion cf
Hmoglobio uhich catoluaes he d
dihydrpuroxid aso and
esulting cdlor anges Gom dell
ou ,0,
50 elramethybonajdoe
o
green to dart Hue he
Any een pots or qreen coor develdfma on he eaqet
Car uthip GO sec ode is signfiaant ar
Ghould be acnikd
furtter Bload is oftep, but not injariablyy found in he
uni
ofmenstruah ng femaes Te siqoifi cac off a tpo
tectding Uanes among pch ent ond diñcaludgr met
requ redd is
,hese
bared ped meris
Profen Thie reaction is on
he peno menan knous as he Piien
eror of pH incicat w here an
idi
cator thot is highlu butered
he
ce Proens nions)
will change color in he Pesen OF
indicotor releases hydogy los to #ho Pokip A a coRsto pt, te
deuolopme o
dny geen cdcr s due to the Prernce Poten o
tigh pt (p
,
to chloraqui ne, tolbutamide, quinie, or quinidine
do not oect thts test. Colors ranqe frop uelouw

us
to ellgw qeen
for neoptie results to geeblu for posihu
and gheen
This test por
di aularly ssite to lbumin.
eukoaufes. this test reueals
fhe estrases cedve te
pesence aF qronloqde esteroees
den
ahxct pya2oP onino add R6
to liberte denvahaed hydroxy PHEole. The reac
uth a
dia2um 6alt to praduce a uoet dye tbe
ntocr ond used Leukoajid
detechs ba at
pH-oube indtator yseny
Specific Grauty pfa chage of polyeleetou
 Part 1 Routine Urinalysis

LABORATORY REPORT NO. 3

Chemical Examination of Urine

LorenF
Name: Cantos, Preious Date:

Year and Section:AMT Group No.: .

Data Sheet
A. Tabulate the results for the different albumin and sugar tests with their
corresponding color illustrations.
Name of Test/Analyze Resultinterpretation llustration
Heat
ad
hicl
Aeeho
-cloudu
Pres ence of albumin
e loudy
lest
anaun Cccordnd b
2 Sulfooalicylio faid tes Tutbidity turbidity
of Poteio
Pres enceoF alhumih
3 Hlle/Ring fest -whi
ng Cering
Prasence of albunmin
4 RcbertsRing Tert
nng
Modificoho height of cougulaton
5 KwleckEsbochs Test
6 Kunqe bumy and
Te ClarkClud- Precipitate
cloud.
)Gt)
Posve geen solp
7 Benedicis Test
Fottive
gellow pet
*orage PP
8 Rhings Tec
Sugorblack
red ppt
PPt
9 Nulander
blak
fest
Tace -proo
|
10
Mcore-ller Tert Canoa tello0
E1/s uallau
11 BenedicRs uontitiue opolnt- Pdippars colors
Tec
12 ehling Guathendpoint-blue dtaprRIT colorlees
13
T
Selwanoffs posihue red soluhio
red colution

ed
t
pas ihut
ted
14 Porchard?s fes couhiop Goluhon|

cemy red tc
Pos'huebndk souhoo
15 Rubners fet PPt
16 Bial Orcol tect pasitlle-green sdution
EateRA)

31
 Part 1 Routine Urinalysis

B. POCT Results (this is already letter B; where is letter A?)

Patient's Name: Age/Gender:
Date and time of collection:
|
Urine volume
Color
Clarity
pH
Specific Gravity
Protein
Sugar

Interpretation

Post Laboratory Questions

1. Briefly describe the different classifications of albuminuria.
blbuminuria hos dliftitent dae fi cations which

L 8 mp
are A A ond Ao A ha aAOR a
which homa mCuncreaed. a has arn
ACR
of
bo to 00 mgla ouMch Pmocerodcluy
increased Ab has an
seuerou In ce oased R f76 mgld uhi h

32
 Analysis No.3 Chemical Examination of Urine

2. What is the purpose of centrifuging the urine before testing the presence of

r
albumin?
Sem emi-q uant taiie est unepoten are
Performed on
otcentm tuge une
suparnatant
Whereas ncentn fu ed un oemay Caoe
folsely euakd albumin ee

3. Give the most important precaution in performing the quantitative

estimation for albumin.
Th Ebochtert the most oudely sedmefhd
forquanhtohe himationof obumi
Rcessaru tha The une Isacoic enough tor
diss ocioahon to
t
r
OCCu Urioe lg made with

ain acid inceasge ts ocidtH precAptotion

t ake place happan

4. What are the advantages of Kingsbury-Clark method?s

fhecduantages of KnaGburu-Clark method ic that

is
amountof
does
rapid, easy and mearurer Ominimaul

not
Samp le.
reauire hea ting
it
Angiher adwntag e
is thar

33
 Part 1 Routine Urinalysis

5. Give other urinary constituents which may reduce Benedict's qualitat,

solution other than glucose.
unnany cons that oan reduGe
The
tuens
Benecty qua ohiue olutien otherthon
oucose indudel galac for actos
ruetos

6. What substances give the same reaction as sugar with Nylander's test an
how do you remove it?
fhesubstan ces hat aiv gposihu rcioo or
glandersteta reducina ugars Th es)
teducingsugarsconefsofolucs malfor galacbses
fruotoro, mdaetor, Ofe rsubeton seb that
rtacT D ylanders det art po baplu taqernt
or comami nants
incon ts icier

7. What is the role of sodium carbonate in Benedict's quantitative method?

Sodium carbonat impo rtant in bene olicte

quantiative mefhod
is
asi
uial
PIOudes

for the
abad
Rnuronment which redox
etrien
to OCCur

34
 Analysis No. 3 Chemical Examination of Urine

8. What is meant by renal threshold? What is the normal renal threshold for
glucose?
Renol fnnes
holdtsfheplas ma gucore CDocentotkion
at whichtukular reabeorptioD
Gtachu rohon
qluc
11 nomo thres hod for qlucoru
teaoher
of

9. By what other method can reducing sugars be differentiated from each

other and from glucose?
ther me thede e.ducing 6ugars induce: Felnngis
+ett and benedicfs test DFereo ffafon
of
teduc ng 6ugars can be done usina Pene dicR
Quanitohe Test which hel p dittren ta te a
Sugars go cording to Color or 6hade

10. What chemical test distinguishes fructose from glucose?

Saluaoef fect- wber beoed, betoe sugag 0e 0ore qpdly cehyaraiecd
thn aldoes Hler acidic fudckysir of bothh we odb a Pocb df
erorcind
(o) od concestotd HC) Fructoo te cds togve adefp
ed chery colour uherear Guoore teccks ligyyto procuuce
afint
Pink colour

bor chord' Tect eatd with concentrede hydro chlono add

fomatico
Po6i f oxymethulfurfaol
Color Red dlue
t resorcan)

35