HVDC Technology Development For Electricity Networks: 19 January 2011

HVDC – an introduction
Two main types of transmission system are possible

- High Voltage AC
Steve Aughton, HVDC technology development - High Voltage DC
Business Development Manager for electricity networks HVAC is simple and least expensive – widely used for onshore grids and for
steve.aughton@siemens.com windfarms closer to the shore
HVDC is more economical for longer distances and wind farms away from the
shore
Typical break even distance for AC cable technology is about 80km to 90km
2 types of HVDC Technology
- Classical Technology (Thyristor based) / Line commutated
- Plus Technology (IGBT based) / Voltage Source Conversion
At the moment the HVDC is point to point connections e.g.
Interconnectors, both onshore and offshore
National Symposium on Future Energy Networks Connections to offshore wind farms
Copyright © Siemens. All rights reserved.
Future offshore grids need to be multi terminal connections
19th January 2011 - @ the ICE, 1 Great George Street, London
Page 1 January 2011 Matthew Knight Copyright Siemens all rights reserved Page 2 January 2011 Steve Aughton Copyright Siemens all rights reserved
HVDC – Made by Siemens Introducing the two HVDC technologies….

A well proven technology…… HVDC Classic – HVDC PLUS
Siemens has been successful in the HVDC Business

for more than 30 years
1977/2004 2007 2001 2010 2013 2010 1993 1983
BritNed BorWin2 &
1993
Nelson River Neptune Moyle Storebælt Etzenricht Dürnrohr
HelWin1 Wien Südost
1984 1989
Poste Gezhouba-
Châteauguay 2013 Nan Qiao
Black Sea
1997/2004 Transmission 2004 HVDC “Classic” HVDC VSC
Guizhou-
Celilo 2010 Guangdong
2010 Ballia-Bhiwadi 2007 Line-commutated Self-commutated
TransBay
BayCable
Cable Guizhou-
Trans
2011 Guangdong II current-sourced Converter voltage-sourced Converter
1995 Adani 2000
Tianshengqiao-
Sylmar East Guangzhou Thyristor with turn-on Capability Semiconductor Switches with turn-on
1987 2003/2007 2010 only and turn-off Capability, e.g. IGBTs
East-South Yunnan-
Virginia Smith Interconnector Guangdong
2001 2010
2005 Thailand- Xiangjiaba-
Malaysia Shanghai
Lamar
1995 1981 2011 1975/1998 2006
Welsh Acaray COMETA Cahora Bassa Basslink 2013
Inter Island
Connector Pole 3
Page 3 January 2011 Steve Aughton Copyright Siemens all rights reserved Page 4 January 2011 Steve Aughton Copyright Siemens all rights reserved
HVDC “Classic” Interconnectors Onshore HVDC “Classic” Interconnectors

BritNed, UK 2010 Yunnan-Guangdong, China, 2010
Costumer China Southern Power Grid

Project Name Yunnan-Guangdong
Location Chuxiong City/Yunnan
Costumer BritNed Development Ltd Zengcheng City/Guangdong
Project Name BritNed Power Rating 5000 MW
Location Isle of Grain, UK
Type of Plant UHV DC Bipolar
Maasvlakte, NL
1418 km Long Distance
Power Rating 1000 MW
Voltage Levels ± 800 kV DC
Type of Plant HVDC Classic Bipolar 525 kV AC, 50 Hz
200 km Submarine Cable
Type of LTT 8 kV
Voltage Levels ± 450kV DC Thyristor
400 kV AC, 50 Hz
Type of Semi- LTT 8 kV

conductors
World's first UHV DC Transmission Project

with 800 kV in Commercial Operation
HVDC “Classic” Interconnectors Applications of Voltage Source Conversion HVDC
India – Three “Classic” HVDCs at 500 kV integrated into the AC Grid (HVDC PLUS from Siemens)
Adani HVDC – a private Ballia-Bhiwadi – Power Grid - AC systems have limits, 80+ km
Investor goes ahead Corporation of India Ltd
2010 - DC systems are needed for high power long distance transmission Classic ‘Line
2011 2,500 MW
960 km
780 km Commutated’ HVDC need strong AC network at each end
2,500 MW - LCC is not suitable for offshore wind but used widely for inter-country interconnectors
- VSC HVDC is modular with built in redundancy
- Black start capability
- VSC is ideal for offshore wind / O&G or multi-terminal systems
1,450 km
- 1GW is possible now
East-South Interconnector – 2007 2,500 MW - Configurable footprint
the DC Energy Bridge 2003 2,000 MW
Page 7 JanuarySource:
2011ENSG, Our Electricity
Steve Aughton
Transmission network Copyright Siemens all rights reserved Page 8 January 2011 Steve Aughton Copyright Siemens all rights reserved
Offshore interconnectors – HVDC PLUS HDVC PLUS

Onshore Converter Station Layout (indicative only)
DC
Offshore Converter 400 MW Converter DC Switchyard
Station +/-200 kV Reactors Cable Sealing End
Converter Hall
90
m
HVDC DC Chopper
0m
Converter 13
Station
A highly flexible Design

AC Busbars
Control & Protection
Converter AC Auxiliaries, Spares
Switchyard:
Insertion Resistor
Converter Star Point Reactors
Transformer:
3 phase / ODAN
AC Substation
&
Reactive
AC Compensation
Offshore
Collector Sub
National Grid: Integrated solution:

HVDC PLUS - features and benefits Accelerated Growth scenario – 2030
Integrated solution
potential
Low semiconductor switching
frequency
Low generation of harmonics
Low converter losses
No filters required
~24% savings for UK
consumers
(low harmonic noise)
High modularity in hardware High flexibility, economical Radial Integrated
and software from low to high power ratings Offshore wind
51,552MW
connected
Use of well-proven standard High availability of state-of-
components the-art components HVDC cables 6,562km 5,566km
Sinus shaped AC voltage Use of standard AC
Offshore AC cables 1,229km 1,077km
waveforms transformers
Low engineering efforts Onshore AC lines
593km 162km
Easy scalability (incremental)
(flexible footprint)
Reduced number of primary High reliability, Offshore platforms 182 104
components low maintenance requirements
Cable landing sites 87 45
Cost £33.7bn £25.7bn
Page 11 January 2011 Steve Aughton Copyright Siemens all rights reserved Note: AllPage
figures12
are cumulative January 2011 Steve Aughton Copyright Siemens all rights reserved
Challenges & Opportunities for DC Challenges & Opportunities for DC
e.g. Shared assets Optimising with the onshore grid
C C
A A A A
B B Spare B B
capacity
limited to Different
offshore assets
1 wind farm are built to
£200M £200M
optimise the
£200M £250M overall cost of
£400M £300M £150M the network
£600M £350M
Note: all numbers are for illustration only Note: all numbers are for illustration only
Sequential connections Shared connections Sequential connections Optimised connections

COSTS ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY – REFER TO ODIS REPORT FOR INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVE COSTINGS COSTS ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY – REFER TO ODIS REPORT FOR INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVE COSTINGS
Europe has big grid plans..11 Visions for an EU

HVDC Capacity
supergrid….. a pipe dream?
Wind Greenpeace
Commercially sensitive Speed
G W Adamowitch Mainstream
DC power ≈ Volts x Amps
Volts limited by cable
Polymeric 300/ 320kV SSE/Airtricity
Future?
MI 500kV in service Desertech EWEA
Amps limited by converter design

various options different capacity vs.
footprint, losses etc. Gregor Czisch Trade Wind
in UK National Grid publishes ODIS

includes assumed available technology
dates - Mfrs don’t disagree
http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/ODIS
OMA
1,000MW HVDC PLUS converter
HVDC PLUS Applications

Multi-terminal Future DC grids – are they possible?
Transmission between several Points in AC Grid(s) Current debate focuses on offshore Who is best placed to agree these
- One station determines the DC voltage basics?
- Power is determined by all but one station “HV DC circuit breakers needed for Supergrid” ABB
Control Concept needs to be determined and verified by studies.
Several recent reports make this claim Alstom Grid
But technology is not the issue Nexans
Prysmian
Siemens (and probably our competitors) Siemens
could have a DC breaker in c18months Under the auspices of….
A standards body e.g. CENELEC
We have concept designs and patents for With TSO representation – ENTSO-E
at least 4 ways to make a DC breaker with the blessing of….
When will someone want to buy one? 9 country North Seas Grid Initiative
The answers will be made offshore first!
Technically What Voltage does it have to switch?
Possible! How fast, etc?
HVDC Interconnection in Europe…
…..is it possible? Conclusions
Hydro Power in China Renewable Energy in Europe
Wind Power
> 20...40 GW
Hydro Power The Energy Revolution is underway

> 10..30 GW
Hydro Power and suppliers are developing new
> 30...50 GW
km equipment and ways to deliver
1800
We have the technology to deliver

2000 km 2000 km
We need the regulatory regime which
makes it happen efficiently
Solar >10..20 GW Load Center We need the surety and stability to

UCTE Grid Access of Renewable Energy is with HVDC Technology feasible !! warrant the investment
Onshore and offshore Wind power Geothermal power from Iceland Mixing electricity with water has never
Solar-thermal Generation Pump-storage capacity Scandinavia been so exciting
Photovoltaic Generation Hydro power from Eastern Europe
steve.aughton@siemens.com

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HVDC – an introduction

Two main types of transmission system are possible

HVDC – Made by Siemens Introducing the two HVDC technologies….

Siemens has been successful in the HVDC Business

HVDC “Classic” Interconnectors Onshore HVDC “Classic” Interconnectors

Costumer China Southern Power Grid

Type of Semi- LTT 8 kV

World's first UHV DC Transmission Project

Offshore interconnectors – HVDC PLUS HDVC PLUS

A highly flexible Design

National Grid: Integrated solution:

Cost £33.7bn £25.7bn

Sequential connections Shared connections Sequential connections Optimised connections

Europe has big grid plans..11 Visions for an EU

Amps limited by converter design

in UK National Grid publishes ODIS

HVDC PLUS Applications

Hydro Power The Energy Revolution is underway

We have the technology to deliver

Solar >10..20 GW Load Center We need the surety and stability to

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