DATE: 17/1/2021 EXPERIMENT-1 ROLL NO: EVD19I030

NAME: PRANAVRAM V
ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF SINGLE PCB TRACE

OBJECTIVE:
• To observe the mechanisms and effects of signal propagation on a conducting trace of
a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
• To observe the phenomenon of signal reflection in trace for varied load impedance.
• To observe and analyse the effects of length on a PCB trace.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PC with Ansys electronic desktop version 2021 installed.

HFSS MODEL:
DATE: 17/1/2021 EXPERIMENT-1 ROLL NO: EVD19I030
NAME: PRANAVRAM V
DATE: 17/1/2021 EXPERIMENT-1 ROLL NO: EVD19I030
NAME: PRANAVRAM V
RESULTS:

When load impedance is,

1. Short circuited

2. 15Ω

3. 50Ω
DATE: 17/1/2021 EXPERIMENT-1 ROLL NO: EVD19I030
NAME: PRANAVRAM V
4. 150Ω

5. Open circuit:

When trace length is,

1. 70mm
DATE: 17/1/2021 EXPERIMENT-1 ROLL NO: EVD19I030
NAME: PRANAVRAM V
2. 280mm

Post activity:
DATE: 17/1/2021 EXPERIMENT-1 ROLL NO: EVD19I030
NAME: PRANAVRAM V
Here, we have taken the calculated value of S11 to be as 35, since while calculation, S11 yields
a value in the fashion: 20log (0), which is undefined and in this case a very high value. So for
scaling purposes, I have assumed the maximum range to be 35db for S11.
(x-axis of graph has been scaled to 3500 since the value for the 50-ohm config is too high)

- When we increase the trace length of the PCB, we find that the S21 parameter
values which shows that the amount of reflective power coming back to it gets
lesser as we increase the trace width.
- S-parameters are mostly used for networks operating at radio frequency (RF)
and microwave frequencies where signal power and energy considerations are
more easily quantified than currents and voltages.
- The physical meaning of S11 is the input reflection coefficient with the output
of the network terminated by a matched load (a2 = 0). S21 is the forward
transmission (from port 1 to port 2), S12 the reverse transmission (from port
2 to port 1) and S22 the output reflection coefficient.

CONCLUSION:
We have successfully analysed and simulated a single PCB trace using the HFSS software
and generated output wave forms for the same. We have also calculated the various S-
parameters and have drawn inferences from the same. The output has also been verified.