COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

VOLUME-1
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019

VOLUME 1 – THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN The THIRTEENTH SANGGUNIANG PAN LUNGSOD of MANDAUE, with
members in session duly assembled, hereby OR DAINS
RESOLUTION adopting the CLUP and enacting the ZO

CITY ORDINANCE NO. 13-2015-1037

HON. Glenn O. Bercede … PRESIDING OFFICER
Series of 2015 HON. Emmarie M. Ouano-Dizon … MEMBER
HON. Diosdado P. Suico … “
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING ORDINANCE NO. 14, SERIES OF 1979 HON. Beethoven C. Andaya … “
KNOWN AS “AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING A COMPREHENSIVE HON. Jose Jefferson C. Ceniza … “
ZONING REGULATIONS FOR THE CITY OF MANDAUE AND HON. Editha Flores-Cabahug … “
PROVIDING FOR THE ADMINISTRATION, ENFORCEMENT AND HON. Nenita Ceniza-Layese … “
AMENDMENT THEREOF AND FOR REPEAL OF ALL ORDINANCES IN HON. Jimmy C. Lumapas … “
CONFLICT THEREWITH” TO ADDRESS THE PRESENT LAND HON. Demetrio C. Cortes, Jr. … “
MANAGEMENT NEEDS AND INCORPORATING DISASTER RISK HON. Electone C. Dabon … “
REDUCTION MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION. HON. Benjamin H. Basiga … “
HON. Ernie N. Manatad … “

WHEREAS, Ordinance No. 14, Series of 1979 otherwise known as the

Comprehensive Land Use Development Plan and Zoning Ordinance was adopted and
implemented since 1979 (although with some sections partially amended) which for now
is already thirty-six (36) years, and thus considered as antiquated;

WHEREAS, with the past City Mayors from the late Honorable Demetrio C.
Cortes and Honorable Alfredo M. Ouano, and with the surviving Honorable Thadeo Z.
Ouano and now with Honorable Jonas C. Cortes who will be serving his third and last
full term until June 30, 2016, it is imperative for this legislative body to act on the
amendment and revision of the comprehensive framework development plan of Mandaue
City not as a drastic effort but for us to be protected from further allegations of negligence
and just keeping a “wait and see” attitude; and

WHEREAS, it is now the noble intention of the members of the 13th

Sangguniang Panlungsod of Mandaue to at last initiate the passage of an enabling
ordinance adopting the proposed Comprehensive Development Plan and Zoning
Ordinance based on the available inputs of social, economic, political and administrative
profile of the City of Mandaue.
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019

FOREWORD

After more than 30 years we have now produced the

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Mandaue City.
This milestone is a step closer to realizing our vision of
becoming the primary source of high quality manufactured
consumer products by 2020.
Our City of 32.84 square kilometers requires meticulous and precise urban planning. This is not
a job that could be done overnight. Our department heads, city officials and most especially our
City Planning and Development Office have labored day and night to produce a footprint that
will chart the future of Mandaue City.

As you shall see, our CLUP has taken all considerations including the conflicting demands of
social equity, economic growth, environmental sensitivity and aesthetic appeal.

The effect of this plan will be felt for generations to come. As Mandaue City progresses into a
bustling metropolis in the future, we are hoping to equip ourselves with the right mindset and the
right attitude to face it. As this CLUP transforms Mandaue at the outside, we also commit that
we are transforming our city from the inside, one public servant at a time. This is the essence of
transformation, this is what it means when we say I AM MANDAUE.

Thank you.

JONAS C. CORTES
City Mayor

Acknowledgement
The framers of the Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) 2015, the City
Planning and Development Office under OIC City Planning Officer Architect Florentino
F. Nimor, Jr. and the 25 staff, wish to extend their sincerest gratitude to the following
persons and agencies for their valuable contribution in completing this document:
The City Mayor and City Councilors in their participation of Module 1 to 6 workshops: Mayor Jonas
C. Cortes, Vice Mayor Carlo Pontico C. Fortuna, City Councilors Diosdado P. Suico,
Emiliano M. Rosal, Jefferson C. Ceniza, Beethoven C. Andaya, Alfonso F. Albaño,
Noeleen M. Borbajo, Editha F. Cabahug, Victor C. Biaño, Procopio R. Villanueva;
The Barangay Captains in their participation of Module 1 to 6 workshops: Glen O. Bercede, Vicente
C. Dayanan, Dionesio B. Villamor, Corregidor A. Cosedo, Leo C. Jabas, Vidal T.
Cabatingan, Edgar S. Bihag, Editha M. Montesa, Damaso G. Tumulak, Cesar Y. Cabahug
Jr., Antonio A. Maquilan, Jovita Tuela Z. Ouano, Andres C. Suson, Oscar A. Mendoza,
Walter O. Dy, Dario S. Tariman, Mario S. Bihag, Jesus O. Neri, Elstone Dabon, Jesus
Arcilla, and Carmelino Del Mar Jr.;
For Social Sector:
Flaviana C. Basilgo, Dr. Oscar E. Quirante, Dr. Edna R. Seno, Engr. Roberto J. Ranile,
Violeta S. Cavada, Edgardo Sanchez, Marietta Q. Orque, Supt. Simeon S. Dolojo Jr.,
Angelina A. Cagatula, Mario Perez, P/INSP. Oscar A. Montenegro, Ana Dualos, Dr.
Narcisa P. Guido, Ret. PC/INSP. Edwin A. Ermac, Rep. Petronille M. Baldebrin (MCPO
City Director), Rep. Ronaldo Orbeta (Fire Marshal), Tony Pet Juanico (HUDO), Virginia
Zapanta (DepEd), Jemie Olis Cadampog (BJMP Jail Warden;
For DevAd Sector:
Atty. Briccio Joseph C. Boholst, Atty. Ernesto C. Maringuran, Lamberto N. Marababol,
Josefina S. Perez, Atty. Eliseo B. Ceniza Jr., Frelyn E. Mabanag, Atty. Eustequio Sanchez,
Cipriano Jamora, Hubert G. Ortega, Mewida Jaca, Myrna Calumba, Teresita Canapi, Paul
Gahi, Michelle Yu, Atty. James Abadia, Nenita Regencia, Julie Ballesteros Ma. Loisella E.
Lucino, DILG City Director;
For Economic Sector:
Dr. Ma. Daisy A. Penetrante, Engr. Alvin A. Ceniza, Bonifacio A. Cabahug Jr., Louella
Cabañero, Musoline Suliva, Engr. Gemeniano V. Vasquez, Engr. Krister Cosedo
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
For Infrastructure Sector: Engr. Antonio B. Sanchez, Engr. Dario A. Mago, Engr. Roy
Mangubat, Engr. Roland Requirme;
Development Administration & Economics Consultant: Mr. Perry Fajardo;
Environment: Felix Suico Jr., Engr. Ricardo Mendoza, Ernie Manatad,
Guadalupe Latonio- NGO;
Other Contributors: NSO, DepEd, CHED, City Health Office, City Nutrition Office, DGS,
HLURB Region 7, HUDO, NHA, Cooperative, Local Urban Poor Affairs Office, CSWS,
PNP / BJMP, Barangay Offices, City Agriculture Office, DA / BFAR, MAO, CENRO /
PENRO, NIA, MISO, Tourism Office, DOT, DPWH, LTFRB, CPA, ACERT, DPWH
DISTRICT 6TH Engineering Office, VECO, MCWD, PAG-ASA Mactan, National
Telecommunications Office, Globe Telecom, Inc., City Budget Office, City Treasurer’s
Office, City Accounting Office, City Administrator’s Office, City Assessor’s Office,
HRMO, FISCAL, DENR, DTI, JICA;
The Public Hearing Board: Jonas C. Cortes, City Mayor, Chairman, Members: Hon. Diosdao
P. Suico, Hon. Nenita Ceniza Layese, Hon. Ernie N. Manatad Atty. James M. Abadia,
Atty. Giovanni Y. Tianero, Dr. Edna Seno, Ms. Violeta Cavada, Florentino F. Nimor Jr,
Dr. Susana B. Cabahug, Engr. Oscar Rodriguez, Engr. Antonio B. Sanchez, Mr. Vicente
Bathan, Ms. Marlyn Bedia;
Public Hearing Moderators: Jhoaden G. Lucero, DILG City Director and Atty. Jammal James
Calipayan, Executive Secretary to the City Mayor;
The attendees to the Public Hearing on June 19 and 25, 2015 at the Hall of Fame,
Mandaue City.

Table of Contents
Brief History .............................................................................................................. 1
Human Resource ....................................................................................................... 2
Physical Features........................................................................................................ 3
Existing Land Use & Land Use Trends ......................................................................4
Physical/Infrastructure Resources .............................................................................. 7
Transportation Sub-sector .......................................................................................... 8
Social Sector Study .................................................................................................... 9
Education Sub-sector ..............................................................................................10
Health/ Sanitation Sub-sector................................................................................. 11
Housing Sub-sector ................................................................................................ 12
Social Welfare-services Sub-sector......................................................................... 13
Power sub-sector ........................................................................................................ 13
Water Sub-sector........................................................................................................14
Information and Communication Technology ........................................................... 14
Waste Management .................................................................................................... 15
Economic Structure .................................................................................................... 15
Agriculture Sub-sector ............................................................................................... 15
Commerce and Trade Sub-sector ............................................................................... 16
Industry Sub-sector .................................................................................................... 16
Tourism Sub-sector .................................................................................................... 18
Priorities Issues and concerns .....................................................................................25
Comparative and Competitive Advantages ................................................................ 28
The Comprehensive Land Use Plan ........................................................................... 30
The Concept Structure Plan........................................................................................ 32
Mandaue major road & urban center.......................................................................... 37
The Land Use Plan ..................................................................................................... 38
Ten-Year Land Use Requirements and Allocation (2015-2024) ................................ 44
Ten(10) Year Land Use Alllocation: 2015 – 2024 ..................................................... 44
Figure 9. Proposed Land Use ..................................................................................... 46
Land Use Categories ................................................................................................... 47
Priority Programs and Projects ...................................................................................48
Climate Change / Disaster Risk Stimula Affecting the LGU .................................52
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
List of Appendecis
Table. Barangay, area and density, NSO Population 2000 and 2010 ........................... 4
Table 4.2. Existing Land Uses Area, Distribution, and percentto total ............................ 7
Table 67. Capitalization of Industrial Establishments ................................................... 16
Table JICA Study of 2014 – Mandaaue CityEmployment Profile ........................... 17
Table 3. Urbanization Level for the Past 20 years ........................................................ 19
Graph. Urbanization Levels for the Past 20 years ....................................................... 20
Table 4. Popualtion Density, year 2000& 2010 .......................................................... 20
Graph. Population Density, 2000 and 2010 ............................................................. 21
Matrix. Spatial Development Patterns of Barangays ................................................. 22
Table 61. Historical Data on Number ofCommercial Establishments.......................... 23
Table 67. Inventory of Existing Industrial Establishment by
Intensity and Capitalization.......................................................................... 24
The Concept /Structure Plan................................................................................................ 30
The Physical Structure Plan .......................................................................................... 31
Figure 2. The topography elevation ofthe City ...........................................................32
Figure 3. The preferred location land use ofthe city .................................................... 33
Figure 4. The Industrial and Commercial Related Activities divided by Sleep-Work..... 33
Figure 5. Finger Stellar Diagram................................................................................... 34
Figure 6. Urban strip development alongMajor Roads ................................................ 35
Figure 7. Multi-Nodal Urbanform Diagram................................................................. 35
Figure 8. ProposedRoad Network ............................................................................... 36
Ten (10)- Year Land Use Allocation : 2015-2024
Land Use Allocation (Hectares) ................................................................... 42
Figure 9. Proposed Land Use....................................................................................... 44
Land Use Categories .................................................................................................... 45
Annex 1- Traffic Issues ................................................................................................ 50
Matrix. Climate Change , Disater Risk / Stimuli Affectingthe LGU ........................51-53
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BRIEF PROFILE OF CITY (GENERAL INFORMATION) Ariston Cortes³ 10th Municipal President 1925 - 1934

Brief History
Alejandro del Rosario 11th Municipal PresidentConstruction of 1934 – 1940
The Venetian chronicler Antonio Pigafetta wrote of a settlement called Mandani, Mandaue Presidencia & Mandaue City
established in 1521 by a flourishing group of Austronesian people, which existed in the Central School⁴
area with a chieftain named Apo Noan,⁷ , then a few decades later another ruler named
Lam Busan⁸. When the Spaniards came between 1580 and 1700, Mandani was constituted Alejandro S. Fortuna 12th Municipal President Killedby Japanese 1940 -1943
into a “pueblo”(people). This may have started off as a mission village (which included for treason
present day Consolacion, Liloan and Poro) serving as a bulwark for the church in the
northern Cebu and was managed by the Jesuit in 1638, then a century later by the
Recollects.² Local leaders during the Spanish regime were Capitanes, Tenientes and the Alejandro Fortuna was the final leader with the title of El Presidente of Mandaue.
Cabeza de Barangay. The Philippine Revolution in 1898 gave the town a new form of He was succeeded by Ariston Cortes who had the new title of Mayor of the town of
administration in accordance with the organic decree of the Central Revolutionary Mandaue.
Government. The pueblo then was officially known as Poblacion de Mandaue (Town of
Mandaue). The short-lived revolution was overthrown by the American troops and a Mandaue became independent from being American Commonwealth and a
battle nearly destroyed the town in 1901 killing Presidente Benito Ceniza.⁰ In the Japanese Garrison on July 4, 1946 along with the entire nation. In 1945, Hon. Martin F.
American Commonwealth era of the Philippines the leaders were the El Presidentes of Echivarre became the first Municipal Mayor of Mandaue, followed by Hon. Fabiano C.
Mandaue. In 1943, after the war, the title was changed toMayor. Pesons (1948-1951), Urbano M. Seno (1952-1955), Apolonio Z. Gonzaga (1956-1959),
and Hon. Conrado D. Seno (1960-1963).
The El Presidentes of Mandaue:
Name Position Legacy Years Served Between the years 1955 and 1965, Mandaue was not yet considered as a
Loncio Jayme¹ 1st Municipal President development opportunity area as Cebu City dominated it over the rest of the neighbouring
1899 areas in terms of trade and commerce. Mandaue was basically relegated to as major
Elias Espina² 2nd Municipal President The attack of the 1900 - 1901 residential area for workers and students of Cebu City.
American Troops²
Mandaue became a chartered city on June 21, 1969 through Republic Act 5519.
Benito Ceniza 3rd Municipal President Executed by the 1901 Mandauehanons rallied behind the leadership of then Mayor Demetrio M. Cortes, Sr., the
Americans Father of the City Charter, for its cityhood.
Fabiano Suyco 4th Municipal President 1902 - 1903³
Benigno Suyco 5th Municipal President 1904 - 1907 Presidential Proclamation No. 586 designates August 30, 1969 as the date of the
Luis Espina 6th Municipal President 1908 - 1909 formal organization of the government of the City of Manduae. Hon. Demetrio Cortes,
Benigno Suyco 7th Municipal President 1910 - 1911 Sr. served for almost twenty-two (22) years, followed by Hon. Alfredo M. Ouano (1988-
Segunda Jayme 8th Municipal President 1912 - 1919 1998), and Hon. Thadeo Z. Ouano (1998-2007). In 1991, Mandaue City was recognized
as a Highly Urbanized City (HUC).
Alejandro del Rosario 9th Municipal PresidentSeparation of 1919 – 1925
Consolacion

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The passage of several city resolutions encouraging industrial firms and
manufacturing establishments to locate in the area, at the same time protecting their
interest have been successful in stimulating the industrial development of Mandaue City.
Thus, industries, specifically manufacturing have dominated the economic activities of the
city.
Two giant industries considered as showcases of the then fledgling city were first,
the San Miguel Corporation whose complex in Tipolo was started in 1964 and inaugurated
on February 8, 1968. The second, in 1971, was, first set up as Union Carbide Philippines,
then as Energizer Philippines, and which after 40 years of operation shut down its plant
in Jagobiao on May 7, 2011.
Hon. Jonas C. Cortes, the son of the late Demetrio M. Cortes, Sr., was elected in
2007, and was re-elected in 2010, and in May 2013 for his third term.
The following are the present City Officials of Mandaue City:
ab. “MOVABLE HERITAGE” MAndaue City Government, cebu.gov.ph
7 To America and Around the World: The logs of Christopher Columbus and of . “
Antonio
Pigafetta, /Raleigh Ashlin Skelton (Burden Publishing Co.)
8 Magellan’s Voyage: a narrative of the first circumnavigation Antonio Pigafetta/Adolf
Caso (Yale University)
9 “Mandaue” admu.edu.ph
Population and Density of Human Resource
The 2010 National Statistics Office (NSO) census shows Mandaue City
population of 331,320 with 78,394 households, household population of 331,213 and sex
ratio of 98.62.
The school-going population comprise about 38% of the total population, with
the pre-school and elementary age bracket having a sex ratio of 107 and 106, respectively.

Hon. Jonas C. Cortes
Hon. Glenn O. Bercede
Hon. Diosdado P. Suico
Hon. Jose Jefferson C. Ceniza -
Hon. Emmarie M. Ouano-Dizon -
Hon. Elstone C. Dabon
Hon. Ernie N. Manatad
Hon. Bethoven C. Andaya
Hon. Demetrio Cortes, Jr.
Hon. Nenita C. Layese
Hon. Benjamin H. Basiga
Hon. Editha F. Cabahug
- City Mayor
- Vice Mayor
- City Councilor
City Councilor
City Councilor
- City Councilor
- City Councilor
- City Councilor
- City Councilor
- City Councilor
- City Councilor
- City Councilor
The working age population is 66.82% of the total population with sex ratio of
97; the remaining dependent population represents 33% of the total population and
includes the Young (0-14) and the Old (65 and over) with sex ratios of 106 and 69,
respectively. The total dependency ratio of 49.644 is shared by the young dependency
ratio of 45.551 and the old dependency ratio of 4.093 .
The growth rate is 2.46% in 2010. The record shows a rapid population growth
for the past five decades from 29,281 in 1960 to 331,320 in 2010. The average annual
growth rate range from 7.18% in 1970, 6.58% in 1980 and down to 3.75% in 2000.
The population density of Mandaue City based on the 2010 NSO census is 101
people per hectare or 10,100 people per square kilometre.

Reference: Mandaue City has twenty seven barangays with a population of 331,320. In 2010,
Wikipedia: a combined population of 322,686 is distributed among twenty five urban* barangays,
History: Cebu’s 4 cities & 49 municipalities with trimmed accounts of Gervacio L. Lavilles while two rural barangays have a combined population of 8,634. (*Classification as urban
abc . “The war against the Americans: resistance and collaboration in Cebu, 1899 – 1906” based on the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) Resolution No. 9 series of
– Resil B. Mojares (Ateneo de Manila Press) 2003 entitled “Adoption of the Operational Definition of Urban Areas in the
ab. “Mayoral contest in Mandaue City off to an early start” Aledel Gonzalez-Cuizon. Sun Philippines”).
Star Cebu

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The estimated population of Mandaue in 2014 is 364,144 growing at an average
rate of 2.46 % annually. Mandaue’s population is approximately 8 % of the population of
Cebu Province. The profile of its human resource can be described as follows:
• 96 % literacy rate
• 37 % of 5 years old and above age group population have attended
high school
• 29 % of 5 years old and above age group population have attended
elementary school
• 24 % of 5 years old and above age group population have attended post secondary
or the tertiary level of education.
• 6 % of 5 years old and above age group population are college degreeholder
• 67 % of the total population is the labor force.
or 32.85 square kilometres. Every square kilometre is inhabited by more or less 10,100
people.
The city is the sixth smallest government unit in terms of land area; among the
Metro Cebu Local Government Units, the city is the second smallest next to the
municipality of Cordova in the island of Mactan. The city’s land area is only 3.18% of the
total land area of Metro Cebu and less than 1% of the total land area of the Province of
Cebu.
The city is divided into 28 barangays which include the City South Special
Economic Administrative Zone (CSSEAZ). The barangays are further divided into sitios.

The labor force population of 222,234 comprise 67% of the total Household
Population of 331,213. Out of this, the male population of 109,274 comprise 49.17%; the
female population 50.83% or equivalent to 112,960. Sex ratio is96.74%, that is, there are
more female than male population in the labor force. (there are 96.74 males for every 100
females)

Physical Features

Based on the coordinate system of Universal Transverse Mercator, Mandaue City

is located on Zone 51-P, Luzon, Philippines, at Latitude 10.352834 ̊ and
Longitude123.960915.

It is one of the three highly urbanized cities on the island and forms part of the
Cebu Metropolitan area. Located on the middle eastern coastal region of Cebu it is
bordered in theNorthwest and Southwest by Cebu City, in the Northeast by Consolacion
which is linked via the Cansaga Bridge, and Southeast by Mactan where Lapu-lapu City is
located and which is connected via two bridges, the Mactan-Cebu Bridge and the Marcelo
Fernan Bridge.

A highly-urbanized city administered with the supervision of the provincial

government (City Charter), Mandaue City is part of the Sixth District of Cebu joined with
the municipalities of Consolacion and Cordova. Although qualified for a lone district
since 1991, this was neglected by lawmakers. It has a total land area of 3,284.761 hectares

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The table below shows the barangays, area and density, based on NSO 26. Tipolo 15,972 17,273 132.466 121 130
population data of years 2000 and 2010. 27. Umapad 10,436 17,454 212.828 49 82
28. CSSEAZ 184.614 0 0
Population Land Area Density
29. Foreshore 200.70
Barangay 2000 2010 (has.) 2000 2010
Total 259,728 331,320 3,284.761 79 101
1. Alang-alang 11,420 12,475 78.368 146 159
Source: CPDO
2. Bakilid 5,728 5,027 45.572 126 110
3. Banilad 17,265 22,297 217.396 79 103 For the period between 1982 to 2011, the PAGASA Climatological Normals
4. Basak 7,631 7,858 49.932 153 157 reported an annual mean temperature of 28.1 C; annual mean maximum of 31.3 and
5.Cabancalan 9,395 12,202 132.285 71 92 annual mean low of 24.8 . The highest recorded was 37.0 while the lowest was 19.2 ,
in the month of May and January, respectively.
6. Cambaro 6,286 8,082 42.678 147 189
7. Canduman 10,537 17,100 201.495 52 85 The annual mean relative humidity recorded is 81%; there were 30 typhoons, 15
8. Casili 2,002 3,743 93.309 22 40 storms and 14 depressions in the same period. The annual average rainfall as recorded is
9. Casuntingan 9,837 13,217 108.955 90 121 1,564.5 millimeters, the greatest of which is 493.7 mm, while the greatest fall in one day is
276.1 mm. There were a total 146 average annual rainy days; the greatest recorded is 27
10. Centro 4,248 3,236 29.285 145 111 in the month of January. The prevailing wind is NE with speed of 3 mps (meters per
11. Cubacub 4,144 8,255 86.241 48 96 second) or equivalent to 10.8 kph (kilometers per hour).
12. Guizo 7,578 8,554 40.645 186 210
13. Ibabao-Estancia 8,720 8,641 53.277 164 163 The PAGASA Climatological Extremes Report for the period 1972 to 2012
showed that high temperature of 37.6 C̊ occurred on June 12, 1993; while the lowest
14. Jagobiao 8,409 12,227 127.405 66 96
recorded was on January 16, 1992. There was also a record high of 37.0 n May 31, 2010.
15. Labogon 13,601 19,175 96.531 141 199 During the same period, the recorded greatest daily rainfall was in November 12, 1990
16. Looc 12,486 14,438 90.55 138 159 with 276.1 mm rainfall. The prevailing wind direction recorded is South with speed of 55
17. Maguikay 15,154 17,782 120.981 125 147 mps.
18. Mantuyong 5,718 5,869 13.555 422 433
Mandaue City is one of the two (the other one being the municipality of
19. Opao 8,798 9,907 103.675 85 96 Consolacion) local government units located within the mainland Metro Cebu where the
20. Pagsabungan 16,117 16,838 130.667 123 129 elevation of land is less than 100 meters (330 feet). Many areas of the city which are
21. Paknaan 13,570 22,957 174.061 78 132 extremely flat comprise 30% of the total land area. These barangays are within the 2-
22. Subangdaku 19,171 20,333 125.24 153 162 5%slope category, namely: the City South Special Economic Administrative Zone
(CSSEAZ) or the South Point, Opao, Looc, Mantuyong, and parts of Umapad, Cambaro,
23. Tabok 10,691 15,709 128.377 83 122 Subangdaku, Basak, Guizo, Tipolo, Paknaan, Labogon and Jagobiao. Another 32% of the
24. Tawason 2,350 4,891 160.645 14 30 total land area belong to the 5-20% slope comprising the barangays of Tipolo, Bakilid,
25. Tingub 2,464 5,780 103.028 24 56 Guizo, Ibabao-Estancia, Alang-alang, Paknaan, Labogon, Maguikay, Tabok and Jagobiao.

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The remaining 37% of the land area have the 20-30% slope. These are Casuntingan,
Banilad, Cabancalan, Canduman Tingub, Pagsabungan, Cubacub, Tawason and Casili.
The greater portion of the city , comprising of about 85% of the total land area
is dominated by the Mandaue Clay Loam soil series. This is found in the 2-20% slopes.
Faraon clay characterizes the rest of the land for 20-30% slope; Hydrosol type is found in
the Barangay of Opao.
Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends
Mandaue’s Urban Transformation
In the fifties and early sixties, Mandaue was not yet considered as a development
opportunity area since Cebu City was the dominant urban center in terms of commerce,
trade and industry. Mandaue was just a “dormitory town” i.e., home for migrants/transients
who are working or studying in Cebu City.
Towards the end of the sixties, before Mandaue became a chartered city, Cebu
City underwent rapid urbanization resulting an urban sprawl outside of its borders. Many
commercial and manufacturing establishments have spilled over to Mandaue, thus the
beginning of suburbanization of areas outside Cebu City.
Mandaue became a chartered city on June 21, 1969 through Republic Act 5519.
The development policies and thrusts of Mandaue City government created a business
climate that attracted businesses to locate in Mandaue City. In the mid-seventies and early
eighties, Cebu City and its surrounding suburban areas including Mandaue, gradually
transformed into a metropolitan area, now known as Metro-Cebu. In 1991, Mandaue City
was recognized as a Highly Urbanized City (HUC).
Urbanization Level and Population Density
Urbanization level is one indicator that measure the extent a city/municipality is
undergoing urban transformation. It is expressed in terms of the percent of urban
population with respect to the total population. On the other hand population density, as
an indicator for urbanization, is the ratio of the total population of a city/municipality to
its total land area.
The urban transformation taking place in Mandaue City can be described
quantitatively as follows:
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
• Urabnization level was 95% in 1990; 96% in 2000; and 97% in2010
• By 2014 urbanization level expected to be 98.5%
• Population density was 59 hectare in 1990; 85 persons per sq.m in 2000;
and 101 persons per hectare in 2010 .
Please refer to Appenix 9: Urbanization Level Map (Executive Summary)and Appendix
10Population Density Map(Executive Summary) for a geographical illustration.
Spatio-Economic Development and Human Settlement Patterns
The spatial development and land use patterns of the barangays in Mandaue City
during the seventies and the early nineties can be described as follows:
• Those barangays which are located within one kilometer radius from the “poblacion” (Barangay
Centro) and within the sphere of economic and government influence of the“poblacion”;
• Those barangays which are wholly or partly located along the city’s major arterial roads or
transportation corridors but are beyond the one kilometer radius from the “poblacion”. This is
where most of the commercial and industrial establishments locate and migrants also settle or
live near their place of work;
• Those barangays located far from the “poblacion” and the transportation corridors, but where
developers locate their residential subdivision projects and investors locate their factories and
manufacturing firms.
• As a result these isolated barangays hosting these residential subdivisions and factories
experienced population growth and economic development, thus gradually resulting in u rban
sprawl .
There were five major arterial roads of Mandaue City during the seventies and
the early nineties connecting Mandaue City to other adjacent city/municipality (Cebu City,
Lapu-lapu City and the municipality of Consolacion). These following arterial roads are dscribed
below:
• National Highway: from barangay Subangdaku to barangay Jagobiao (7.3 km)
• M.L. Quezon St : from corner Talamban Road to corner National Highway (3.2 km)
• A.S. Fortuna St. : from corner Banilad road (Foodland) to corner NationalHighway
• (2.7 km)
• A.C. Cortes Ave. : from corner National Highway to 1st Mactan Bridge (2.1km)
• Hernan Cortes St : from corner National Highway, Barangay Subangdaku to corner
M.L Quezon St. in Barangay Cabancalan (2.9 km)
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redevelopment program. It is an intricate and a complex process to undertake in order to

In the mid-nineties after the Mandaue Reclamation Project (now the CSSEAZ) achieve for a balanced urban growth management with minimal impact on existing socio-
was completed and was opened to traffic, another arterial road emerged … the Ouano economic activities.
Avenue-Plaridel Street-UN Avenue corridor leading to the 2nd Mactan Bridge (Marcelo Fernan
Bridge). Sometime in 2010 the Canasaga Road from corner Plaridel and UN Avenue to Land Use Analysis: 1979 Zoning Ordinance vs. Actual Land Use
the Cansaga Bridge was open to traffic.. Refer to Appendix 2: Road Network Map Based on the 1979 Zoning Ordinance and the corresponding zoning map/district
a total of 2,513 hectares has been allocated to various land uses. This allocation excludes
There are several land use patterns related to spatial development such as the the roadways, waterways, and foreshore land which total about 422 hectares. Out of the
following: 2,513 hectares allocated only 2,017 hectares are actually used; the remaining 496 hectares
• Concentric circle are idle/vacant lots or used for aquamarine activities.
• Sector
• Multi-nodal Of the total land area of 2,017 hectares being used, only 843 hectares are
conforming as per zoning ordinance or about 43 %. Please refer to Table _7_: Comparison
• Axial (linear/strip development, stellar form, multi-nodal) of the 1979 Zoning Land Use Allocation and Actual Land Use for moredetails.
• Grid form
• Trend extension (Leap-frog form of land use patterns) The land allocation for each land use classification is summarized below:
• Residential 672.187 hectares
• Commercial 263.056 hectares
The spatial development patterns of Mandaue evolved from a concentric growth • Industrial 1,332.658 hectares
pattern (within barangays adjacent to the Poblacion/Centro) and then into an axial growth • Institutional 33.796 hectares
(strip/linear) pattern along arterial roads. Although some interior barangays experienced • Agriculture 168.684 hectares
a sort of leap-frog growth patterns (trend extension) taking place in the eighties up to the • Forestland N/A
present. • Others 18.534 hectares
Total Land Area 2,513.593 hectares
This urbanization pattern of the city is characterized by a continuing spatial
expansion radiating from the urban core, along major arterial roads, directed towards Based on the recent survey and evaluation the actual land use per classification is show
other barangays emerging as secondary growth centers. This growth pattern encouraged the following:
of what urban planners call as “finger stellar” (a linear/strip form) type of development. • Residential 983.912 hectares
Historically this is a natural path for a small town to take once it starts to urbanize and • Commercial 514.089 hectares
eventually becomes a city.or a major urban center. On the other hand some investors and • Industrial 349.38 hectares
developers tend to locate in certain barangays not traversed by major arterial roads. Refer • Institutional 82.678 hectares
to Appendix 15 (Executive Summary) : Mandaue City Land Use Patterns • Agriculture 34.133 hectares
• Forestland N/A
Considering its compact land area as indicated by its population density the city’s • Others uses/categories 549.401 hectares
present built-up area is transformed into a full built environment. In most likelihood, the • Reclaimed areas 184.614 hectares
city’s spatial growth is emerging into a multi-nodal and multi-nuclei growth patterns • Foreshore land 200.70 hectares
because of the leap-frog type of development. There is a need to manage its spatial growth • Roads and waterways 385.854 hectares
and land use activities. This means, Mandaue has to undergo an urban renewal and

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Total Land Area 3284.761 hectares LAND USE CATEGORIES ACTUAL LAND USE 1979 ZONING
PLAN
The present total land area of Mandaue including all reclaimed areas is 3284.761 hectares Area(ha) % Total Area(ha) % Total
an increase of 771.168 hectares in a span of 35 years. Urban Use Areas:
Residential 983.912 35.98 672.187 24.58
There is a need to formulate a new Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and Commercial 514.089 18.80 263.056 9.62
amend the Zoning Ordinance to correct or at least minimize the non-conforming land Infrastructure/utilities(Roads, 220.742 8.07 220.742 8.07
uses. The zoning map is already 35 years old and may no longer be responsive to the waterway, rivers)
demands of the latest trend in urban development and growth patterns. There are new Institutional 82.678 3.02 33.796 1.24
trends and technologies employed in business and industry that are emerging like: Parks/Playgrounds and other 6 0.22 25 0.90
• business process outsourcing (BPO), recreational spaces
• computer-related information/communications activities Industrial 349.38 12.78 1,332.658 48.74
• high-technology manufacturing activities Agriculture 34.133 1.25 168.684 6.17
• new urbanism concept for mixed-use development and walkability Forest and forest use categories
• planned unit development (PUD) Mining/quarrying
Grassland/pasture
The basic principle in land use planning of “rational and judicious allocation of land for Agro-industrial
various uses” have encountered issues and concerns for the continued implementation of Tourism
the existing ordinance. This is shown by the following observationsbelow: Other uses/categories:
• Some land uses already existed before the 1979 Zoning Ordinance Cemeteries 13.917 0.51 18.534 0.68
• Many issuances of variances and exemptions Dumpsites/Sanitary Landfills
• Transportation/traffic issues not adequately considered Buffer zones/greenbelts
Idle/vacant lands 496 18.15
• Adequacy of physical infrastructures (roads, drainage, etc.) not adequately
Open spaces
considered
Water Uses
Table 4-2. Existing Land Uses Area, Distribution, and Percent to Total Nipa swamps
The table below shows the comparison of the actual land use and the 1979 Mangrove forests
Zoning Plan. A computation of the actual land use against the 1979 Zoning Plan with
respect to conforming use resulted to the following findings: Tourism (recreation/resorts)
Settlements on stilts
Confirming use = 43 % Infrastructure (e.g. Ports, fish
Non-confirming use = 40 % landing)
Vacant and Idle lots = 17 % Aquaculture and marine culture 33.281 1.22
(e.g. Fish cages/fish pens/seaweed
culture, etc.)

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Others, specify (e.g. River Transportation Sub-sector

sand/gravel quarrying, coral reef,
seagrass beds) The strategic location of Mandaue City makes it the gateway from Cebu City to
Total 2,734.335 100.00 2,734.335 100.00 the northern towns and to Mactan Island. All the inter-city public transport system has to
Source: CPDO pass through Mandaue City. In fact the North Bus Terminal is located in Mandaue making
it as the hub for northbound provincial buses. From this terminal passengers are ferried
New parcels of land accounted in the entire land area of the city: to Cebu City.

Reclaimed areas 184.614 hectares The road network of Mandaue consists of the national and the local roads
Foreshore land 200.70 hectares (city/barangay). The combined length of the road network is approximately 139.14
Roads and waterways 385.854 hectares kilometres broken down as follows:

a) 105.35 km for local roads (including 6.03 km of roads in theCSSEAZ);

Physical / Infrastructure Resources b) 33.79 km. for national roads
INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR STUDY About 61.47 km or 44 % of the total road networks are concrete-paved; 56.27
km. or 38 % are asphalt-paved; 2.61 km. or 1.88 % are gravel surface and 5.39 km. or
The purpose of this study is to determine the adequacy and capacity of the 3.87% are earth roads. The general conditions of all the concrete and asphalt-paved roads
exisitng infrastructure facilities/utilties to meet the present and future needs of the are acceptable/serviceable while the gravel surface road needs improvement or immediate
population in the City of Mandaue. The study also attempts to respond to the major areas repairs. Table 79 shows the details of the roadnetwork.
of concerns and issues related to the formulation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(CLUP). There are twenty (25) bridges in Mandaue City, 19 of which have a load capacity
of 20 tons each while the 6 have load capacity of 15 tons each. All the bridges are made
The infrastructure sector consists of the following sub-sectors, namely: of concrete except the two bridges connecting Mandaue City and Lapu-lapu City in
a) Transportation Mactan Island which are steel bridges. All the bridges are 100 % serviceable. Table 80
b) Power shows the inventory of bridges. A map also shows the geographical location of the road
c) Water network and the bridges in the City of Mandaue. Some of the ancillary road services
d) Information/Communication Technology available to the city are: a) 31 pedestrian crossings; b) sidewalks; overpass/skywalk; c)
waiting sheds; d) traffic signal system and e) road signage. Table 81 shows the detailed
The study aims to undertake thefollowing: description and location of these facilities.
a) Assess the exisitng facilities/utilities of each of the sub-sector There are only two public land transportaion terminals in Mandaue City. One is
b) Evaluate each sub-sector’s capacity to support the delivery of basic services the North Bus Terminal with building and waiting area inside, which caters primarily to
to the city’s populace buses, V-hires, and jeepneys plying to the northern towns beyond Compostela. The other
c) Recommend improvements to the facilities of each sub-sectors. in order to one is a jeepney terminal located at Parkmall (a shopping mall) which caters to jeepneys
achieve the desired physical growth of the city at the same time strengthen plying to Cebu City, Lapulapu City, Consolacion, Liloan and Compostela. This terminal
the local economy.

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is open type i.e., no terminal building but with passenger loading/unloading area; Refer to increasing with the influx of residential subdivisions, townhouses and condominiums.
Table 82 for details. Mandaue’s urban growth and development will put pressure on the transportation system
as well as the traffic flow in its road network. This situation is largely attributed to the
The public transportation systems consist of an intra-city and the inter-city following:
transport. The intra-city are the tricycles (pedicabs) which ply around the city’s road
network and barangays. At present there are approximately 1,585 legitimate/registered 1) Increase in the number and use of private cars
tricycles. The inter-city public transport are jeepneys, mini-buses and V-hires plying 2) Disorderly loading/unloading in the street
between Mandaue City and to other cities such as Cebu, Lapu-lapu and Danao as well as 3) Inadequate and/or disorderly parking
to other municipalities in the northern areas such as Consolacion, Liloan and Compostela. 4) Disorderly movement at certain intersections
Mandaue City serves as the transportation hub or the origin and destination of buses 5) Lack or inadequate pedestrian crossings
plying to the northern towns. Table 83 shows the details of the public land transportation 6) Heavy/cargo trucks in the city’s roads
vehicles by type and service routes. 7) Inadequate/ineffective public transport terminals
8) Disorderly public transport systems
There are no rail and air transport system facilities available in Mandaue City. 9) Impact of non-conforming land uses to the transportation system
Although there are no government-owned seaport facilities in Mandaue City, but there 10) Limited road capacity (not in pace with the number of vehiclesincrease)
are nine (9) private wharves or port facilities used for passenger and cargo vessels. There
are about 11 shipping routes being served by these seaport facilities. Some of these routes A recent JICA study found out travel time and speed along these routes:
are Manila-bound while the rest are bound for other ports in Visayas and Mindanao. In
its own small way Mandaue City is also a minor shipping hub. For passengers and cargos. SRP to Ouano Avenue – 1st Mactan Bridge – MEPZ 2
Table 84 shows the details of the sea transport facilities. Travel Time : 30 minutes on bothdirections
Travel Speed : 40 km / hr. (more in somesections)
Based on the report of ACERT for the past three years, (shown in Table 85) a
total of 726 road/vehicular accidents occurred within Mandaue City. About 127 road SRP to Cebu North Hagnaya Wharf Road – Marcelo Fernand Bridge – MEPZ – 1:
accidents (17.5 % of the total) happened in Barangays Maguikay and Pakna-an, There are Travel Time : good for 40 – 60 minutes.
no details on the nature of these road accidents. Travel Speed : 30 km / hr or slower

Just like any highly urbanized city, Mandaue City is no exception with regard to Source: Infrastructure Development Institute – Japan Preliminary Study for the
transport and traffic-related problems/concerns. Its geographical location makes the city Construction of the Third Bridge on Mactan Channel in Metro Cebu, Cebu Province
a natural gateway from/to Cebu City, Lapu-lapu City and the municipality of Consolacion
and up to the northern towns of Cebu Province. Aside from being a natural gateway,
Mandaue is both an origin and destination in the movement of people, goods and services.
With a population of 331,320 and increasing at an average rate of 2.46 % annually, increase SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
in demand for public transport facilities and in the ownership of private cars will be
expected in the future. The major role of any local government unit (LGU) as mandated by the Local
Government Code is the delivery of basic services to its populace. Any development plan
On the other hand Mandaue’s local economy keeps on growing as industrial and
of the LGU aims to uplift the well-being of its populace and improve their quality of life.
commercial establishments continue to locate in Mandaue. Residential neighbors are also
One of the contributing factors in the improvement of the people’s quality of life is the

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LGU’s social development plan. This plan should address the needs of its people in terms
of social and welfare programs and projects.
The social aspect of the LGU’s development plan requires the assessment and
analysis of the existing conditions of its social sector. The social sector consists of the
following sub-sectors: a) Education; b) Health and Sanitation; c) Housing; d) Social
Welfare Services; e) Protective Services, and f) Sports and Recreation. There is a need to
analyze the present situation of each sub-sector in order to determine the problems,
concerns, gaps and deficiencies. The social sector study attempts to answer the following
questions:
a) What is the level of education in terms of literacy rate, ratio of enrolment to
school-going population, and the availability, adequacy and accessibility of the
various educational facilities?
b) What is the over-all health conditions of the city in terms of mortality, morbidity
and incidence of diseases?
c) Is there any backlog in the current housing needs? How about the futureneeds?
d) What is the poverty incidence in the city and what are the contributoryfactors?
e) Are there adequate sports and recreational facilities available for the physical,
mental and social development of the populace?
f) How adequate and efficient are the protective services of the city in terms of the
safety of each individual and the community at large as well as peace and order
situation?
EDUCATION SUB-SECTOR
There are 27 public elementary schools and 17 secondary schools in Mandaue
City. The elementary schools are located in 23 barangays but some schools are also
accessible to adjacent barangays without schools. The elementary schools are occupying a
total land area of about 10.13 hectares while the secondary schools, 4.68 hectares. The
public schools occupy a combined area of 14.81 hectares.
There are 30 private schools in the city offering elementary, secondary and post-
secondary education. These schools are located in various areas in the city and are
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
accessible by public transportation. These private schools occupy a combined area of 26
hectares. Table 14 shows the details of the schools by level, type, facilities and conditions
of these facilities.
For the school year 2012-2013, there were 47,391 enrollees in the elementary
level, with 85% of the enrollees in public schools. In the secondary level, there were
25,807 enrollees with 72% in public schools. The average teacher-pupil ratio in the
elementary level in the public schools is 1:49, and 1:16 in private schools. In the secondary
level, the teacher-pupil ratio in public schools is 1:40, and 1:13 in private schools. The
classroom-pupil ratio in public elementary is 1:56, and 1:71 in the secondary; that of the
private schools, is 1:17 and 1:35 in elementary and secondary levels, respectively. (Tables
15 and 15-A).
The DepEd target of 1:35 student-teacher and student-classroom ratio by 2010
in the elementary level, and 1:40 for the high school level, is recommended.
Annex 6, Standards and Guidelines for Education sets the following space
standards for elementary schools in rural areas: One-half hectare (½ ha.) for a central
school which has six classes, for a non-central school with 7-10 classes; Three-fourth of a
hectare (¾ ha.) for eleven to twenty classes; One hectare (1 ha.) for twenty-one or more
classes.
For secondary schools, space standards is for a twenty-one classroom with a
minimum area of 3,735.5 square meters per school site.
There are 32 post-secondary educational institutions in Mandaue City. Twenty
of these institutions are offering vocational-technical education, while twelve are offering
tertiary education with bachelor degrees. For school year 2013-2014, there were a total
27,053 enrollees in the post-secondary level. Table 16 shows the details of tertiary and
voc-tech schools by type and total enrolment.
Table 17 shows the historical enrolment in public schools by level for the last
three school years. Between school year 2011-2012 and 2013-2014, the elementary level
increased by 2,349 while the secondary level increased by 1,345.
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Table 15 shows that in school year 2012-2013, there were 821 teachers and 721
classrooms in the public elementary schools; while in the secondary schools, there were
466 teachers and 262 classrooms. Table 18 shows that school year 2015-2016 requires
1,242 both teachers and classrooms in the public elementary schools, or additional 421
teachers and 521 classrooms, respectively. In the secondary level, the school year 2015-
2016 requires an additional 34 teacher and 238 classrooms.
Between SY 2015-2016 and SY 2023-2024, a period of ten years, an additional
681 teachers and 912 classrooms are needed in the elementary level and 416 teachers and
603 classrooms in the secondary level. Refer to Table 18-A for details.
Table 19 shows the historical enrolment participation rate for the last five school years.
This participation rate is the percentage of Mandaue City’s enrolment relative to that of
Cebu Province. On the average Mandaue City’s enrolment participation rate is65.4%
`
HEALTH/SANITATION SUB- SECTOR
One of the factors that describe human development or the improvement of the
quality of life of the community is the over-all health condition and physical well-being of
the people in terms of hygiene and sanitation. The ultimate measure of health/sanitation
sub-sector to human development is life expectancy or longevity. A longer life span is a
result of a better health condition, better fertility rate, morbidity rate and mortality rate.
Of course these require the provision of adequate health and sanitation facilities that are
available and accessible to the entire populace.
The general health situation of Mandaue City for the past 6 years (2009 – 2013)
is shown in Table 20. The table presents three health indicators, namely: fertility,
morbidity and mortality rates. Fertility rate is measured in terms of crude birth rate (CBR)
which is the number of births per one thousand population, and total fertility rate which
is the sum of age-specific fertility rates and is dependent on the age grouping and the age
group interval. The average CBR of Mandaue City for the past five years is 23.80 births
per one thousand population, while the average TFR is 3.30 children per one thousand
population.
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
Another indicator is morbidity, which is defined as the incidence of persons with
disease or sickness relative to the population in a given area. Using the general medical
morbidity data in Table 22 for the last two years, 2012 and 2013, the average is 13,421
persons. If we relate it to Mandaue City’s population of 331,320 (based on 2010 census),
the average incidence of morbidity is 40 persons per one thousandpopulation.
The third indicator of the general health condition is mortality rate which is
commonly measured in terms of crude death rate(CDR) and infant mortality rate (IMR).
Referring to Table 20, the average CDR for the past five years is 3.522 persons per one
thousand population. The average IMR is 9.96 infant deaths per one thousand live births.
There are 27 barangay health centres located in each of the city’s barangays. Each
health centre has a bed capacity of either one or two. There are five major hospitals in
Mandaue; three are privately-owned, and two government-owned. The five hospitals have
combined capacity of 428 beds. There are a total of 1,004 medical personnel for both the
government and private medical/health facilities. Please refer to Table 21 for details of
medical health facilities and personnel as of 2012.
Of the ten leading causes of morbidity in Mandaue City for the past three years
(2011 – 2013), the top five causes are:
1) Upper respiratory tract infection
2) Animal bite
3) Wounds
4) Tuberculosis
5) Pneumonia
The above causes are about 87.48 % of the combined total of the ten leading
causes. The upper respiratory tract infection is about 41.17% of the total causes. Table
22 shows the details of the ten leading causes of morbidity.
With respect to mortality, the five topmost causes for the past three years (2011
– 2013) with a 3-year cumulative total of 1,894 deaths are the following:
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1) Myocardial infraction, 538 deaths
2) Carcinoma, 463 deaths
3) Pneumonia, 353 deaths
4) CVD, 280 deaths, and
5) Coronary Artery Disease, 260 deaths
The average mortality cases attributed to the above causes is 379 deaths. Table
22-A shows the details of mortality rate.
The incidence of malnourished children in Mandaue City for the past four years,
from 2010 to 2013 averaged about 1,449 children. The degree of malnutrition are
classified as underweight, severely underweight and third degree. From the data shown
in Table 23, about 76.38% of malnourished children are just underweight.
There are a total of eight cemeteries and memorial parks located in Mandaue City. Five
are privately-owned while three are government-owned or church-owned cemeteries
which are classified as public cemeteries. The privately-owned cemeteries/parks have a
combined capacity of 20,486 burial lots/niches, while the public cemeteries have 5,188,
or a total of 24.5 hectares for both private and public cemeteries. The three public
cemeteries are described as already congested. (Table 24)
Table 25 shows the data on the number of households with toilet facilities as of
the year 2000. There are no available data in the later years. In terms of percentage, about
68.14% of the total households have sewer/septic tanks, either private (45.63%) or shared
(22.51%). The remaining 31.86% of households have other means of human waste
disposal.
Table 26 shows the projected requirements for barangay health facilities until year
2024. The estimates are based on the criteria of one barangay health station per 5,000
population. By 2024, a total of 93 barangay health station is needed or an additional of
66 health stations of the present 27.
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
HOUSING SUB-SECTOR
Referring to Tables 30 and 31, the housing situation in Mandaue City for the
period 2000 – 2010 can be described as follows:
1) The number of occupied household units averaged about 97.6% of the total
number of households;
2) The ratio of the total number of households to the occupied household units
is 1.025
(This ratio means the presence of doubled-up household units);
3) In 2007, the total housing backlog is 4,658 units or 6.86% of the total
households. The housing backlog is broken down as follows:
a) 2.86% are doubled-up housing units
b) 2.38% are unacceptable units per housing standards
c) 1.62% are makeshift/improvised
In 2012, there were 60 homeowners’ associations consisting of 7,800 households
occupying lots which are either government or privately owned. There are informal
settlers living along river banks and natural waterways described as danger zones. In
2012, nine danger zones have been identified where 3,632 informal settlers areresiding.
About 3,641 households are occupying government lots; 2,253 are occupying
private lots under the Community Mortgage Program, and 1,466 are occupying private
lots under direct purchase. (Table 32)
In 2015, a total of 15,235 households are occupying in government and private
lots along danger zones. Of this, 3,579 households are resettled in government lots, 2,443
availed of the Community Mortgage Plan, and 1,466 households acquired property
through direct purchase. The rest will be under the programs of the local government,
such as “Balik Probinsiya” and the Transitory Housing Programs. (Table 32-A)
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There were 64 residential subdivisions as inventoried, with 11,043 household
units available. These housing units occupied a combined land area of 167 hectares. (Table
33)
There are eleven (11) government settlement sites for informal settlers; three (3)
in Cabduman, one (1) in Subangdaku, two (2) in Tipolo, two (2) in Guizo, one (1) in
Mantuyong, one (1) in Paknaan, and one (1) in Jagobiao ,with a total of 4,783 households.
(Table 34)
SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES SUB-SECTOR
The level of social welfare services being provided by the local government unit
depends on the presence of social welfare organizations, its existing facilities and the
various programs/projects undertaken. Its effectiveness can be measured in terms of the
clientele it serves relative to the population.
All the 27 barangays in Mandaue City have Day Care Center l while seven
barangays have Day Care ll, and three have Day Care Center lll. (Table 40)
The clientele for the Social Welfare Services programs/projects are classified as:
a) children and Youth; b) disadvantaged women and family; c) persons with disability; d)
elderly persons; e) persons in emergency cases, and f) poorest of the poor. As of 2013,
a total of 43,016 persons were recipients/beneficiaries of the social welfare services. The
elderly persons (60 years and above) ranked second with 30.56% to emergency cases
with 45.46%; children and youth ranked third with 8.29%, and poorest of the poor,
fourth with 5.44%. (Tables 40, 41). Table 42 shows the social welfare related projects
approved and implemented 2013-2014.Eleven projects are funded jointly by the national
government and the LGU, and one project which is sole LGU-funded.
Another basic social welfare services that an LGU must provide to its populace
is to assure their safety and security as well as the protection of life and property. As
shown in Table 43, as of 2013 there were 429 personnel in the police force and 82
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personnel in the fire protection services. The police substation/precincts are located in
ten different places of Mandaue City occupying a total land area of 2,93 square meters;
while the fire protection services station are located in five different areas occupying a
total land area of 1,838.33 square meters.
In 2013 there was a total of 23 fire incidence of different causes in the 27
barangays. About 13 fire incidence were attributed to electrical short circuit which were
accidental in nature. In the same year 2012, out of 23 fire incidence 12 involved
residential houses, while the rest involved commercial, industrial and institutional. Table
45 shows the details of fire incidence.
There were a total of 1,620 reported crime incidence of various types involving
both sexes in 2013 in the 27 barangays of Mandaue City. The five barangays with the
most number of crimes are Subangdaku, 243; Banilad, 154; Maguikay, 134; Guizo, 120,
and Tipolo, 90. These barangays are responsible for about 45.746% of the total number
of crime incidence in Mandaue City. Table 46 shows the details.
POWER SUB-SECTOR
The electricity needs of Mandaue are supplied by the Visayan Electric Company,
Inc. (VECO), a privately-owned electric distribution utility company. VECO is the
franchise-holder to supply and distribute power to the cities of Cebu, Mandaue, Talisay
and Naga as well as the municipalities of Consolacion, Liloan, Minglanilla and San
Fernando.
The total number of electricity consumers in Mandaue City served by VECO is
57,037. About 50,372 are residential households or 88% of the total. The total electricity
consumed by the consumers located in Mandaue City for a typical month is 52 million
kilowatt hours (based on June 2013 data).
The electric power distribution system facilities of VECO are already available to
all the twenty seven (27) barangays of Mandaue City, at least reaching the barangay hall.
The estimated number of households in 2013 is about 88,101 as compared to 50,372
households with VECO connection. The remainder of 37,369 households does not
necessarily mean that all of them are not served. There is that possibility that one VECO
service connection served more than one household either legally or illegally. Although
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there are households who cannot afford to avail of VECO connection even if they are
near VECO’s power system facilities. For purposes of this analysis Mandaue City is 100
% served by VECO in terms of the availability of the power system facilities. Refer to
Table 87 and Table 88 for details.
The projected power requirements by type of connections in terms of kilowatt
hour are shown in Table 89. In 2012 the total electrical energy consumed in Mandaue
City’s households and business establishments is 569 million kilowatt hours. This is
projected to increase to 663 million kilowatt hours in 2014 and then to 868 million kilowatt
hours in 2017.
The efficiency, reliability and adequacy of power is not of much concern
considering that the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Energy Regulatory
Commission (ERC) are closely monitoring and coordinating with all electricity
distribution companies, including VECO. Furthermore the power generation function is
already privatized and open for competition, thus the presence of several players in the
industry.
The only concerns issues are in the environmental aspects of power
generation.There is still much debate about the use of renewable use of energy resources
which are environmentally-compatible as compared to the conventional sources like coal,
crude oil, hydro and even geothermal, which are still proven to be cheaper and
commercially available in large production quantities.
Other concerns of Mandaue is the manner the distribution poles are erected and
the various attachments to these poles. Although VECO as as franchisee has the
privilege to set up their electric poles along public roads “ right-of-way” , some poles
and its attachments pose danger to the public and are unsightly to look at.
WATER SUB-SECTOR
The supply and distribution of water in Mandaue City is primarily provided by
the Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD). In 2012 there were 22,875
concessionaires with 22,499 household concessionaires. As of 2012 the estimated
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
number of households is 82,298. MCWD supplied a total of 19,428 cubic meters of
water in 2012. Table 92 shows the details.
There are five barangays having their own local waterworks system serving a
total of 3,686 concessionaires as shown in Table 91. There are nine barangays that have
communal faucet type of water supply system. There is a total of 34 communal faucets
serving 6,800 households. As shown in Table 90, there are 170 households having their
water sources either a hand pump or electric motor-driven pumps. Table 93 shows that
there are two barangays having dug well as a source of water supply.
A total of 33,155 households (based on available data) in 2012 have access to water
supply system of various types or approximately 40.3 % of the number of households in
2012.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Mandaue City is the home of two major television broadcasting stations, RPN-9
and ABS-CBN Channel 3. There are also two AM radio broadcasting stations and one
FM radio broadcasting stations. These are owned by RPN and ABS-CBN. Refer to Table
95 for more details.
In 2012 there are twenty-three (23) cell sites for mobile/cellular phones located
in Mandaue City by just one provider alone, Globe Telecom. Cable television is also
available in Mandaue City either wired or wireless system. Although there is no available
data to show the details.
For voice communications there two telephone system provider, PLDT and
Globe Telecom. With regards to the internet there many providers and internet cafes or
stations are all over Mandaue City. These communications systems are accessible and
within reach by many households as well as by the business and industry. There is no
available data to show the details.
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
The solid waste generation in Mandaue City is classified as: a ) domestic, b)
commercial, c) industrial, d) hospital, and e) others. A total of 185 tons of garbage is
generated each day with domestic (household) waste accounting for almost 52%,
commercial and industrial waste,about 34%, and the rest are hospital and other waste. Of
the total daily solid waste generation, only 79% is collected, the rest are presumed dumped
in open pit or burned. (See Tables 27 and for details).
ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
ECONOMIC SECTOR STUDY
The implementation of the various programs and projects under the LGU’s
development plan greatly depends on its budget and financial resources. The LGU’s
resources come from its locally-generated revenues and from the internal revenue
allotment (IRA). Of the two resources the local revenues that come from permit/license
fees, property/sales tax, etc. is within the control of the LGU through its business and
economic development strategy. This locally-generated revenue is related to the amount
of the investments, production output and volume of sales generated by the business and
industry.
The structure of the local economy or the LGU’s economic base is the driver of
the LGU’s growth and development. A strong economic base will provide more
employment, better wages and higher household income thus, improving the quality of
life of the people. On the other hand a robust local economy with a favorable business
environment attracts more investments in the city. Therefore the more businesses the
more tax revenues for the city and the more available local funds for development
projects.
The profile of the economic sector of the LGU’s development plan requires the
assessment and analysis of the existing local economic structure. The economic sector
consists of the following sub-sectors: a) Agriculture; b) Commerce and Trade; c) Industry;
and d) Tourism. There is a need to analyze the present situation of each sub-sector in
order to determine the problems, concerns, gaps and deficiencies. The economic sector
study attempts to answer the following questions:
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
a) What are the various economic/business activities which comprise the local economic
structure?
b) What is the contribution of each economic activity to the local economy in terms of
investments, sales volume and the number of persons employed?
c) What are the dominant business activities that can be considered as the driver of the
local economy in terms of the local market (within the LGU jurisdiction) or outside
market (from the other LGUS)?
AGRICULTURE SUB-SECTOR
As shown in Table 49 there are sixteen (16) major agricultural crops being
produced in Mandaue City. These crops are grown in various barangays with a total land
area of about 34.133 hectares. As of 2013 a total of 407 metric tons of these major crops
are produced for local sales and consumption only. Of the 16 major agricultural crops
four are staple crop like corn and fruit-bearing trees such as banana, mango and jackfruit,
these crop/trees occupy a total of 27.50 hectares with a production volume of 150 metric
tons. Table 50 shows the detailed information.
The existing livestock activities in 2012 are piggery, cattle and goat raising; while
the poultry products are broilers and eggs. Livestock and poultry farming occupies a
combined area of 23 hectares. Most of these livestock raising are backyard activities except
for the poultry farms (egg and broiler) are classified as commercial but caters only to the
local market. Table 51 shows the details.
There are still some small areas for fishing grounds and aquaculture farming in
Mandaue City In the year 2012 about 91 tons of fishing/aquaculture products were
produced. However this catch is sold for local consumption only. The details are shown
in Table 52.
Table 52-A shows the details of local produced fishing/aquaculture products in
2013 which is about 807 tons, taken from the sea channel by the local fisher folks which
number about 167, although only 47 are registered, from fishing boats and from certain
fishponds in the city. These are either sold at the different satellite markets within the
city, the Public Market and neighborhood, as well as for local consumption.
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The remaining forestland in Mandaue based on the 2010 data is only about 43.85 b) Centro 1,244 - the poblacion, town center
hectares with 37.85 hectares as production forests. Only about 6 hectares are classified as c) Banilad 978 - along A.S. Fortuna (arterial road)
protection forests. About 86.32 % of the land area for production forests are used for d) Tipolo 961 - along Cebu North Road (arterial road)
both timber and non-timber products. For details see table 53. e) Ibabao 920 - along a major local road within1 kmradius
from Centro (poblacion)
Table 55 shows the status of the Agricultural Support Facilities and Services as
of 2013. There are two rice/corn mills and ten ice cold storage plants. There are other The five barangays has 5,676 commercial establishments or 42.4 % of the total.
post-harvest facilities such as market centres and warehouses in each of the 27 barangays. Table 62 and 63 also shows that in 2013 there are 13,372 business establishments in the
commerce and trade sub-sector issued with business permit. About 7,565 establishments
Between 2012 and 2013, the land area used for crop production and or 56.6 % are engaged in wholesale and retail trade.
livelihood/poultry farming is reduced from 74 hectares to 62 hectares. Refer to Table 58
for the details
INDUSTRY SUB-SECTOR
There are some reforestation projects that have been implemented in these three
In 2013 there were 1,317 industrial establishments located in 27 barangays as
sites namely, Casili, Umapad (old dumpsite) and certain portions along the Butuanon shown in Table 66.
River. Two of these projects are government initiated while one is a private undertaking.
Refer to Table 59 for details Table 67 shows the capitalization of each industrial establishments located in the
27 barangays. The combined capitalization of the 1,317 industrial establishments in
COMMERCE AND TRADE SUB-SECTOR Mandaue is Php 4.3 billion. There are ten barangays with its industrial firms having a
combined capitalization of Php 100 million and up. The ten barangays with its number of
The major commercial areas of Mandaue City occupy a land area of about 197 industrial firms and corresponding capitalization are the following:
hectares. The biggest commercial/trade center in one contiguous area is the City South
Special Economic Administrative Zone (CSSEAZ), a reclaimed area of 184 hectares. Barangay No. of Industrial Firms Capitalization
However, the buildable area net of roads and buffer zones is approximately 122 hectares. a.) Tipolo 64 Php 1,230 million
About 22 % of this is owned by the Mandaue. b.) Canduman 66 Php 653 million
c.) Pakna-an 72 Php 260 million
There are satellite markets in 18 barangays with a combined land area of about d.) Tabok 51 Php 257 million
0.68 hectare. The city’s public market has an area of about 0.25 hectare. Major e.) Subangdaku 54 Php 223 million
supermarkets, shopping malls and other commercial/office buildings occupies a f.) Tingub 34 Php 210 million
combined of 7 hectares located in different areas. Refer to Table 60 fordetails. g.) Alang-alang 43 Php 163 million
h.) Ibabao-Estancia 39 Php 145 million
Table 61 shows the Historical Data and Number of Commercial Establishments i.) Banilad 54 Php 113 million
By Barangays. In 2013 there are a total of 13,372 commercial establishments located in j.) Pagsabungan 31 Php 124 million
the city’s 27 barangays. The topmost five barangays with more that 900 commercial
establishments are the following:
The ten barangays have a total of 508 industrial establishments or 38.57 % of the
a) Subangdaku 1,573 - located along Cebu North Road (arterialroad) total; while its combined capitalization is Php 3,378 billion or 78.5 % of the total.

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There are seven major industrial/manufacturing activities in Mandaue City with % Employment Share of the Economic Sertor
about 1,167 establishments engaged in these activities. The breakdown of these activities
and establishments is shown below: LGU Agriculture Industry Service
Carcar 10.7% 14.6% 74.7%
a) Food-based products 528 Cebu 4.7% 14.8% 80.5%
b) Chemical-based 69 Compostela 10.0% 22.3% 67.7%
c) Metal-based 193 Consolacion 4.5% 22.2% 73.3%
d) Wood-based products 245 Cordova 8.8% 33.7% 57.5%
e) Plastic/rubber-based products 54 Danao 9.4% 28.3% 62.2%
f) Non-metal products 163 Lapu-Lapu 4.5% 29.8% 65.6%
g) Others 65 Liloan 5.6% 26.1% 68.3%
Mandaue 0.7% 27.7% 71.7%
Table 68 shows detailed inventory of the existing industrial/manufacturing Minglanilla 4.0% 24.1% 71.8%
establishments. As shown in Table 69 the manufacturing sector contributed Php 614 Naga 10.1% 30.1% 59.8%
million in local revenues in 2012. Table 70 shows the list of local policies related to San Fernando 16.4% 21.0% 62.6%
Mandaue City’s industrial development in 2012. Talisay 5.3% 28.0% 66.7%
Metro Cebu 5.2% 22.4% 72.4%
JICA STUDY OF 2014- MANDAUE CITY Source: JICA
EMPLOYMENT PROFILE: EST. FOR 2012

Household 343,400
Population
Labor Force 247,090 72% of total population
Economically 162,840 66% of labor force
active pop.
Employed 144,660 89% of economically active population

By Economic Metro-Cebu Location

Sector quotient
Agriculture 980 1% 5% 0.13
Industry 40,020 28% 22% 1.24
Service 103,660 72% 72% 0.99
Total 144,660 100% 100%

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TOURISM SUB-SECTOR
There are twenty-nine (29) accommodation facilities such as hotels, pension
houses, lodging houses, etc. located in twelve (12) barangays in the city. The city has also
the following facilities catering visitors and tourists: a) four (4) sports recreational facilities;
b) four (4) major export/quality manufacturing establishments which showcase their
products; and c) five (5) major shopping malls. Tables 71 and 73 show the details of the
inventory of tourism establishments and facilities.
Table 72 shows the accessibility of these tourism facilities and attractions in
terms of distances. On the average its accessibility to/from the airport ranges between 5
to 8 kilometres; to/from the seaport about 3 to 4 kilometres; to/from the national
highway or major arterial roads about 2 to 3 kilometres. Table 74 shows the details of the
various tourism support facilities and services.
As shown in Table 76 there were 29 local tourists/visitors recorded in 2011
and 25 foreign visitors. Table 77 shows the various cultural and religious activities held
yearly that attract tourists and visitors. There are eleven (11) activities that are officially
recognized or recorded. Table 78 also shows some potential local tourist attractions. Some
of these are: a) Mandaue Presidencia; b) National Shrine of St. Joseph; c) Bantayan Sa Hari
(watch tower); d) Rizal-Bonifacio Memorial Stage and Library; and e) several old ancestral
houses that date back before the 2nd World War.
• Lapu- Lapu City and Cordova town and vice versa pass by Mandaue through the
following arterial roads:
o Ouano Avenue (Cebu City boundary) – Plaridel St – UN Avenue – 2nd
Mactan Bridge
o UN Avenue (corner North Road) – 2nd Mactan Bridge
o A.C. Cortes Avenue from corner North Road (Fly-over) to 1st Mactan Bridge
• There are other entry/exit point to Cebu City through the following arterial roads:
o A.S. Fortuna St. from Foodland to corner National Highway/NorthRoad
o M.L. Quezon St from corner Talamban Road to corner North Road (Fly-
over)
o H. Cortes from Ayala Access Road (Cebu City boundary) to corner M.L.
Quezon St
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
o H. Abellana St. from Talamban (Cebu City boundary) to corner North Road
(Basak)
Mandaue is also a public transportation hub since the North Bus Terminal and
some jeepney terminals are located in the city, thus serving the commuters within Metro-
Cebu and the Northern Cebu towns of Cebu Province. Mandaue is also very accessible to
the Mactan-Cebu International Airport (MCIA) and the Cebu International Port (CIP)
and the domestic port for the inter-island ships.
Local Economy
Mandaue has a very robust and well-diversified economic base consisting of the
manufacturing, trading and commercial activities. Its economy can be described as
follows:
• Annual gross sales/output of about Php 142 billion.
• Consist of 13,372 commercial establishments with annual gross output of Php 92
billion
• Consist of 1,317 manufacturing establishments with an annual gross output of
Php 49 billion
• There are 5 major shopping malls and several nationwide food chains and retail
stores
• It is the host of the largest brewery in thecountry
• The location of several manufacturing establishments such as food processing,
wood-based products, metalworking activities, rubber/plastic products,etc.
• Host of several middle and high-end residences, townhousesand condominiums
Physical Infrastructure and Utilities
Mandaue’s physical infrastructures and utilities are comparable with the other cities in
Metro-Cebu or in Central Visayas Region. These infrastructures/utilities are the
following:
• Road network consisting of 139 kilometers in a land area of only 32 sq.
kilometers
• 6 major arterial roads serving as entry and exit point to Cebu City, Mactan
Island and the northern Cebu towns and cities.
• 25 bridges within the city’s territorial area and all are 100 % serviceable
and accessible
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• Electricity is supplied by the Visayan Electric Company, Inc. the second largest Table 3. Urbanization Levels for the Past 20 Years
electricity distribution utility in the country and available to all the27barangays
● The supply and distribution of water in Mandaue City is provided bythe No. Barangay Year *Tempo of
o Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD).
o Barangays local waterworks system. 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 Urbanizati
● Information and communications technology is available through on %
o 2 major television broadcasting stations, two AM and one FM radio 1 Alang-Alang 8,646 9,184 11,420 12,690 12,475 3.77%
broadcasting stations.
2 Bakilid 5,943 5,106 5,728 6,387 5,027 1.52%
o Several cell sites for mobile/cellular phones are located in thecity.
o Cable television is also available in Mandaue City either wired or wireless 3 Banilad 12,985 14,947 17,265 19,505 22,297 6.73%
system. 4 Basak 4,494 5,272 7,631 9,383 7,858 2.37%
o 2 telephone system provider, PLDT and Globe Telecom..
5 Cabancalan 7,393 7,605 9,395 10,598 12,202 3.68%
6 Cambaro 6,875 6,137 6,286 8,105 8,082 2.44%
7 Canduman 3,799 5,618 10,537 14,276 17,100 5.16%
8 Casili 1,271 1,670 2,002 3,569 3,743 1.13%
9 Casuntingan 6,021 7,013 9,837 13,472 13,217 3.99%
10 Centro 3,650 4,743 4,248 3,498 3,236 0.98%
11 Cubacub 2,098 2,515 4,144 9,048 8,255 2.49%
12 Guizo 6,570 4,697 7,578 8,303 8,554 2.58%
Ibabao-
13 8,188 7,619 8,720 9,624 8,640
Estancia 2.61%
14 Jagobiao 6,147 6,937 8,409 10,481 12,227 3.69%
15 Labogon 9,991 10,263 13,601 17,326 19,175 5.79%
16 Looc 8,198 9,620 12,486 15,250 14,438 4.36%
17 Maguikay 10,228 11,727 15,154 17,980 17,782 5.37%
18 Mantuyong 4,948 5,088 5,718 6,461 5,869 1.77%
19 Opao 6,114 7,371 8,798 10,569 9,907 2.99%
20 Pagsabungan 7,376 6,817 16,117 15,485 16,838 5.08%
21 Paknaan 10,665 12,764 13,570 19,546 22,957 6.93%
22 Subangdaku 14,846 14,058 19,171 21,223 20,333 6.14%
23 Tabok 4,992 7,371 10,691 13,902 15,709 4.74%
24 Tawason 1,085 1,400 2,350 3,949 4,891 1.48%

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25 Tingub 1,464 1,618 2,464 4,668 5,780 1.74% Table 4. Population Density, Year 2000 & 2010
26 Tipolo 9,988 10,636 15,972 17,952 17,273 5.21%
27 Umapad 5,998 6,518 10,436 15,326 17,454 5.27% Base Population Land Area Density
Barangay
179,75 2000 2010 (in Has.) 2000 2010
Total 194,290 259,728 318,577 331,320
3 Alang-Alang 11,420 12,475 78.368 146 159
Source: NSO Bakilid 5,728 5,027 45.572 126 110
* Rate of Increase/ decrease for the last 3 years from 2007-2010 Banilad 17,265 22,297 217.396 79 103
Basak 7,631 7,858 49.932 153 157
Cabancalan 9,395 12,202 132.285 71 92
Urbanization Levels for the past 20 years Cambaro 6,286 8,082 42.678 147 189
(1990, 2000 & 2010) Canduman 10,537 17,100 201.495 52 85
25,000 Casili 2,002 3,743 93.309 18 40
Casuntingan 9,837 13,217 108.955 90 121
20,000 Centro 4,248 3,236 29.285 145 110
Urbanization level

Cubacub 4,144 8,255 86.241 48 96

15,000 1990 Guizo 7,578 8,554 40.645 186 210
10,000 2000 Ibabao-Estancia 8,720 8,641 53.277 164 162
Jagobiao 8,409 12,227 127.405 66 96
2010
5,000 Labogon 13,601 19,175 96.531 141 199
Looc 12,486 14,438 90.55 138 159
0 Maguikay 15,154 17,782 120.981 125 147
Alang-Alang

Ibabao-…

Tabok
Centro
Bakilid

Cubacub

Tawason
Banilad
Basak
Cabancalan

Casili
Cambaro

Guizo

Paknaan
Subangdaku
Casuntingan

Opao
Canduman

Pagsabungan
Jagobiao
Labogon
Looc
Maguikay
Mantuyong

Mantuyong 5,718 5,869 13.555 422 433

Opao 8,798 9,907 103.675 85 96
Pagsabungan 16,117 16,838 130.667 123 176
Barangay
Paknaan 13,570 22,957 174.061 78 132
Source: CPDO Subangdaku 19,171 20,333 125.24 153 162
Tabok 10,691 15,709 128.377 83 122
Tawason 2,350 4,891 160.645 15 30
Tingub 2,464 5,780 103.028 24 56
Tipolo 15,972 17,273 132.466 121 130

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Umapad 10,436 17,454 212.828 49 82 There are twenty-seven (27 barangays in the City of Mandaue with a combined population
CSSEAZ 0 184.614 0 0 of 331,320 based on the 2010 NSO census. For the past two decades the city’s population
was 179,753 in 1990 and 259,728 in 2000. In order to have a comparative analysis of the
Foreshore 200.70 population distribution in the study area, the 1990, 2000 and 2010 census by barangays
Total 259,728 331,320 3,284.761 79 101 are used.
Source: NSO, CPDO
The tables above show household population and household size according to urban and
rural barangays for the years 1990, 2000 and 2010. The classification of a barangay to be
an urban area is based on the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) Resolution
Population Density No. 9 series of 2003 entitled “Adoption of the Operational Definition of Urban Areas in
(2000 and 2010) the Philippines”.
500
The following are the comparison of the urban and rural household population
400 distribution in Mandaue City.
Population density

300 • In 1990, there were five (5) rural barangays with a combined population of 9,717 , and
twenty-two (22) urban barangays with a combined population of 170,036;
2000
200
• In 2000, there were four (4) rural barangays with a combined population of 10,960, and
2010
100 twenty-three (23) urban barangays with a combined population of 248,768;

0 • In 2010, there were two (2) rural barangays with a combined population of 8,634, and
twenty-five (25) urban barangays with a combined population of 322,685.
The two remaining rural barangays, Casili and Tawason are far-flung barangays not
directly accessible to the major arterial roads. These barangays are located in the north-
eastern portion of Mandaue City in its boundary with Cebu City and the municipality of
Barangay
Consolacion.

Source: CPDO Table 3 shows the urbanization level of Mandaue City from 1990 to 2010. Urbanization
level is defined as the percent of the urban population to the total population at a certain
point in time, indicative of the progress or development taking place. The following are
the urbanization levels for the past two decades:
• 95% in 1990;
• 96% in 2000;
• 97% in 2010.

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Table 4 shows the comparative population density in the urban and rural areas from 1990 “poblacion”. This was where most of the commercial and industrial establishments locate
to 2010 as described below: and where migrants settle or live near their place of work;

In 1990, the average urban population density was 70 persons per hectare while the rural
population density was 15;
• Urban population in 2000 was 128 persons per hectare and rural density was26;
• In 2010, there were 143 persons per hectare in the urban areas and 83 persons per hectare
in the rural areas;
• The barangays far from the “poblacion” and from the transportation corridors and
where the residential subdivisions and the factories were located, resulting to population
growth and economic development in these areas.
The table below shows the spatial development and settlement patterns of each barangay.
Spatial development of some barangays may involve any two of the above-mentioned
description.

• The gross population density in 1990 was 59 persons per hectare; 79 persons per hectare Spatial Development Patterns of Barangays
in 2000, and 101 persons per hectare in 2010.
Description Barangay
In 2010, Casili and Tawason were considered rural barangays with population of 3,743 Within 1-kilometer radius from Centro,Mantuyong, Guizo, Alng-alang,
and 4,891, respectively. Population density was 40 persons per hectare for Casili and 30 Poblacion Ibabao-Estancia, Cambaro, Looc
for Tawason. All the other 25 barangays were classified as urban in terms of population Along major transport* Subangdaku, Tipolo, Tabok, Labogon,
and various economic activities located in said barangays. corridor Pagsabungan, Basak, Jagobiao,Banilad,
Bakilid, Maguikay, Cabancalan,
The five most populated barangays in 2010 (Table 4) were Paknaan, Banilad, Subangdaku, Casuntingan
Labogon and Maguikay. The least populated were Centro, Casili, Tawason, Bakilid and
Tingub. Opao, Umapad, Paknaan, Tingub,
Subdivisions/Industrial- Cubacub, Casili, Tawason, Canduman
In terms of population density, the top five were Mantuyong, Guizo, Labogon, Cambaro Manufacturing Firms
and Alang-alang. The least dense were Tawason, Casili, Tingub, Umapad and Canduman.
* Major arterial roads with entry/exit points to/from Cebu City, Lapu-lapu City and
1.3 Heirarchy of Settlements/Barangays Consolacion: M.C. Briones, National Highway, A.S. Fortuna, M.L. Quezon, A.C. Cortes,
The spatial development and human settlement patterns of the barangays in Mandaue City H. Cortes, U.N. Avenue
during the early seventies and the nineties, the period of the city’s urban transformation Source: CPDO
can be described as follows:

• The barangays located within one-kilometre radius from the “poblacion” (Centro), and
within the sphere of economic and government influence of the“poblacion”;

• The barangays which were wholly or partly located along the city’s major arterial roads
or transportation corridors but were beyond the one- kilometer radius from the

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Table 61. Historical Data on Number of Commercial Establishment Tipolo 838 885 1,081 975 961
Umapad 197 206 321 278 293
Barangay 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total 12,326 12,406 14,537 13,468 13,372
Alang-Alang 516 523 609 556 566 Source: MISO/CPDO
Bakilid 642 610 765 767 783
Banilad 905 952 1,009 950 978
Basak 444 447 471 418 404
Cabancalan 475 513 600 587 537
Cambaro 313 303 365 335 324
Canduman 373 361 417 370 376
Casili 7 6 12 12 12
Casuntingan 421 444 527 528 540
Centro 1,456 1,442 1,480 1,364 1,244
Cubacub 64 63 69 54 59
Guizo 578 564 617 550 544
Ibabao-Estancia 905 903 986 934 920
Jagobiao 96 97 113 106 111
Labogon 256 246 326 297 318
Looc 376 360 547 493 512
Maguikay 611 595 795 747 696
Mantuyong 163 153 186 166 160
Opao 147 150 283 245 253
Pagsabungan 154 155 187 149 156
Paknaan 413 409 548 483 512
Subangdaku 1,533 1,574 1,662 1,587 1,573
Tabok 306 306 350 357 379
Tawasaon 29 30 35 31 33
Tingub 108 109 176 129 128

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Table 67.Inventory of Existing Industrial Establishment by Intensityand Weaknesses: Priority Issues and
Capitalization Concerns Population Growth and Urban
SprawlMandaue is a highly urbanized city having a land area of only 32 square kilometers
Barangay Number of Industrial Capitalization and with an estimated population of 364,144 in 2014. Its population density is about
Establishments 10,800 persons per square kilometer and one of the highest in the country.
Alang-Alang 60 163,069,461.68 Just like other developed cities it is experiencing population in-migration from
Bakilid 49 91,034,036.36 the less-developed areas or rural towns. It is a haven for migrants seeking employment.
Banilad 76 128,851,764.24 On the other hand investors and entrepreneurs are attracted to locate in Mandaue because
Basak 49 82,518,925.00 of its strategic location and good business climate. Most business and economic activities
Cabancalan 80 101,189,782.51 tend to concentrate along arterial roads that link the urban core and to other barangays,
Cambaro 19 74,176,395.95 resulting in the emergence of minor growth centers.
Canduman 91 653,338,671.09 Since it is not a planned and managed growth, the situation resulted in urban
Casili 3 1,200,000.00 sprawl and the presence of blighted areas in the urban core and in certain suburban areas.
Casuntingan 68 119,649,500.00 It is further aggravated because of a 35-year old Zoning Ordinance that is no longer
Centro 24 14,250,000.00 responsive to the modern trends in land use management and development. In fact about
Cubacub 11 5,320,000.00 42 % of the actual land uses do not conform with the 1979 ZoningOrdinance.
Guizo 42 22,980,700.00
Ibabao-Estancia 59 145,240,170.10 URBAN SPRAWL
Jagobiao 19 74,835,128.15
Labogon 46 79,397,000.00 There is an inconsistency in the actual land use of the city with regard to the 1979
Looc 31 61,355,500.00 Zoning Plan. 46.79% of the City’s land total area do not conform to the Zoning
Maguikay 85 92,017,871.00 Ordinance.
Mantuyong 7 1,475,000.00
Opao 35 27,240,950.00 There is an 18.25% of the City’s total land area that are idle lots. Most of these
Pagsabungan 47 123,924,677.29 areas are landlocked and are dormant.
Paknaan 90 260,471,155.00
Subangdaku 72 223,570,961.29 There are currently 60 Homeowners’ Associations in Urban poor settlements.
Tabok 72 256,776,342.27 The population density of Mandaue is 108 persons per hectare.
Tawasaon 11 3,720,000.00
Tingub 52 209,705,964.51 (Source: CPDO/HUDO)
Tipolo 84 1,230,225,209.91
Umapad 35 56,276,851.09 To ensure rational and judicious allocation of land, there is a need to implement
Total 1,317 4,303,812,017.41 orderly spatial development and managed urban growth.
Source: MISO / CPDO

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Transportation and Traffic Management
Mandaue being a transportation corridor or a “gateway” in Metro-Cebu possess
both development opportunities (strengths) and constraints (weaknesses). Based on the JICA
Roadmap Study for Sustainable Urban Development in Metro-Cebu (Interim Report II,
July 2014) the following were noted/observed:
● Daily two-way traffic volume (7am-7pm) is estimated to be 289,600 vehicles per day
● Traffic congestion is observed during peak hours with the following trafficflow:
o Morning Peak: 33,650 vehicles perhour
o Afternoon Peak: 30,450 vehicles perhour
● Reduced travel speed in the urban core and arterial roads ranging from 10 kph to
20 kph
Due to population growth and increase in vehicular movement the situation may
deteriorate further and discourage prospective investors and business locators to come to
Mandaue. Ultimately it may affect its goal of a sustainable economicdevelopment.
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT
The average speed of the vehicles passing through the major thoroughfare is 10-
15km/hr. (Source: JICA/Engr. Rodriguez CPDO Consultant)
Mandaue is the junction of major roads leading to north, south, Mideast, and
Midwest of Cebu. There are currently a number of road width lanes not consistent
throughout a corridor.
2 Lanes in H. Abellana St., A. Del Rosario St., G. Ouano St., Subangdaku Flyover,
Mactan Bridge (AC Cortes), H. Cortes., S.B. Cabahug St., P. Burgos St., and
Maguikay Flyover.
4 Lanes in Lopez-Jaena, Cebu North Road, ML Quezon, UN Avenue, Plaridel
Street, Marcelo Fernan Bridge, MC Briones, AS Fortuna, AC Cortes, JL Briones,
AS Soriano, and M Logarta Avenue.
6 Lanes in MC Briones, Mantawe Avenue, Zuellig Avenue, and EO Perez.
8 Lanes in Ouano Avenue.
(Source: TAFT Parsons Brinckerhoff)
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
There are 377,778 Generated Vehicle trips per day as per land use in the
City of Mandaue. The peak hour is at 9AM-10AM which generates 68,358 volume
of vehicles. 54% of vehicles are cars and motorcycles.
As a gateway from the Mactan Island, the estimated number of traffic
crossing the two bridges is 86,100 vehicle trips for 24hrs on a weekdays. 43% or
36,951 trips are going to Mandaue while 57% or 49,149 trips pass through
Mandaue (Source: TAFT Parsons Brinckerhoff)
There are 614 jeepney units and 82 overlapping jeepney routes; 1,585
tricycles within Mandaue.
There is a proliferation of undesignated jeepney stops wherein jeepney
drivers tend to load and unload passengers anywhere. There is also a continued
existence of unregulated parking on streets and sidewalks.
(Source: CPDO)
Housing and Settlements
One of the challenges that Mandaue must face is to provide socialized housing
for the less-privileged sector of the society like the following:
● Informal settlers along danger zones
• Informal settlers occupying government lot or private lot with no formal
agreement with lot owner
• Lot owners with houses not acceptable per housing standards or just merely
improvised
The following issues/concerns need to be addressed by the City’s proposed
socialized housing program:
• Continued existence of informal settlers including those in danger zones … how
to control them, where and how to relocate them?
• The form or kind of assistance to be given to less privileged non-informal settlers
(residents/ lot owners) whose houses are substandard and/orimprovised
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INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS • Current classroom need, secondary 201

• Projected classroom need, secondary 603
• There are 3,632 households living along 9 danger zones and 3679 households • Current school site need,
occupying government lots. Elementary: 15.80 has. secondary : 3.98 has.
• Projected school site need,
• There are also 2,705 households occupying private lots under the Community Elementary : 16.57 has. secondary : 8.45 has.
Mortgage Program and 1,416 households occupying private lots under direct (Source: CPDO/DepEd)
purchase.

Environmental Concerns (Flooding, Pollution, and Waste Management)

Social Infrastructure/School Building (Education) Mandaue has been identified by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) one
Majority of the elementary (85%) and secondary (72%) pupils depend on public of the most flood-prone areas in Metro Cebu, considering that almost one-third of its
education … this means more public school buildings to cope the growth in population. land area is almost a flat terrain (2% to 5% slope) towards the shoreline. About 29 % of the
Furthermore the present classroom to pupil ratio in public schools is quite below the population is exposed and highly susceptible for flooding.
DepEd standards.
Initial estimates for the next 10 years (2024) based on projected population and Most drainage ways both natural and man-made are clogged, silted or obstructed.
DepEd standards, the additional school buildings for both elementary and high school There are structures and human settlers along the required easement of natural waterways
level needs about 16 hectares in the next ten years. The immediate issues and concerns to (rivers, creeks, etc). The coastal area or shoreline of Mandaue is polluted both by human
be addressed are: or industrial waste. Based on the report of the Metro Cebu Water District (MCWD) has
● Where and how to secure the additional land/space? declared that sea water intrusion has already reached the coastal area.
● How much budget needed for lot acquisition and school buildingacquisition?
● Can the existing school sites still be available for expansion and maximize its use Air quality in Mandaue just like any highly urbanized city is somehow
without jeopardizing classroom size and quality per DepEd standards? experiencing a certain degree of pollution. This is attributed to stationary source due to
industrial activities and mobile source from exhaust gas motor vehicles. Dust pollution
EDUCATION occurred in some areas due to unpaved or dilapidated roads and also a result of flooding.
An air emission inventory in Region VII in terms of pollutants, mobile sources is about
DepEd STANDARD 58 % of the total while stationary sources is only 28 %.
• Student-classroom ratio, elementary : 1:35 The present solid waste generation is 185 tons per day. In the next 10 years the
• Student-classroom ratio, secondary : 1:40 total residual waste to be disposed is estimated to be 228,530 tons. This require a land area
of 9.41 hectares of sanitary landfill.
NEED
The following concerns has to be addressed by the City to live up to its
• Current Classroom need, elementary 521 expectation as a healthy and green community:
• Projected Classroom need, elementary 912 • What mitigating measures (both technical and legal) to control or correct the
flooding problems?

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• What to do to eliminate or minimze pollution of natural waterways and water : Solid Waste Management
bodies?
• How about the remaining watershed or catchment … what needs to bedone?
Average daily waste generated : 185 tons
• How will the city address the air quality problems in the coming years as At 25% residual waste disposal : MRF
population, economic activities and vehicular movements areincreasing?
• What are the options of the City in disposing the residual solidwaste? For the next 10 years - 228,530 tons residual waste for disposal
- 9.41 hectares of sanitary landfill area required
ENVIRONMENT: Flooding and Pollution
Comparative and Competitive Advantages
According to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) Report, Mandaue City has the Strategic Location
biggest land area among the 19 cities/municipalities identified as highly susceptible to Mandaue is a transport corridor between Cebu Cebu City and the Northern Cebu
flooding, towns/cities and to Mactan Island (Lapu-lapu City and Cordova) as described below:
The total land area based on a 50,000 scale on hazard mapping is 925 hectares or about • All vehicles from Cebu City going to the northern towns/cities of Cebu Province
31.7% of the total area of Mandaue City. and vice-versa pass by Mandaue through the following major arterialroads:
o North Road/National Highway from Subangdaku (Cebu City boundary) to
A large segment of the population is exposed in high susceptible area for flooding. (97,341 Jagobiao (Consolacion boundary)
or 29.38%) o Ouano Avenue (Cebu City boundary) - Plaridel St – Cansaga Road – Cansaga
Bridge
According to MCWD in its Resolution No. 079-2014 on July 15, 2014, salt water intrusion All vehicles from Cebu City going to Mactan Island (Lapu-lapu
has already reached within the coastal area where its own well and other private wells have
been extracting ground water. Main gateway to Cebu Island from the nearby international airport. Cebu is
one of the top destinations in the country for business and trade.
The groundwater model which provides MCWD the predictive capability to determine -Less than a kilometer to and from major transport nodes:
the extent of salt water intrusion up to 2030 based on specific extraction scenario forecasts Mactan- Cebu International Airport
that salt water intrusion will reach MCWD well by 2030 if the current method of extraction Cebu International Port
is continued. - The junction of major roads leading to north, south, mid-east and mid-west
of Cebu
According to DENR as per classification of Fresh Surface Water (Rivers, Lakes,
Reservoirs, etc.) Butuanon River is classified Class D for the whole segment of the river. Highly educated and skilled workforce
Beneficial uses of this category are:
1. For agriculture, irrigation, livestock, watering etc. Abundant labor supply (63% of population )
2. Industrial Water Supply Class II (e.g. cooling, etc.)
3. Other inland waters, by their quality belong to this classification. Political resolve or political will of Local Chief Executive
(Source: DENR AO No. 34)
Business –friendly community

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Attractive for development THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

-Topography: mainly flat to gently sloping which makes easier development and
infrastructure improvement
-Mandaue has long been known as a manufacturing and trading port since the Vision/ Mission
Spanish organization
Vision:
Progressive City
-Classified as a Highly Urbanized City ( HUC ) enjoying independence for “Mandaue a green city with sustainable economic development focused on high-quality
provincial decisions manufactured consumer products for better living standards of its populace through
-Low crime rate inclusive governance”
-All residents have access to electricity
Mission:
-10-km long coastline
Embrace comprehensive green practices incorporated in all aspects of development
Source: JICA/Parsons Brinckerhoff/ISA Provide basic social services and support infrastructures
Provide a balance between economic growth and healthy environment

Enhance homegrown products

Promote high-value manufacturing activities that has less detrimental effect to the
environment
Be responsive in its governance function guided by it core values
Institutionalize multi-sector involvement

Judicious allocation of lands for various uses by prioritizing the issues on:

Urban Sprawl
Traffic and Transport
Informal Settlements
Education
Environment

Goals, Objectives, Strategies

I – Goals

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Achieve an orderly spatial development and a managed urban growth of Mandaue City in
the most efficient and productive manner for the improvement of the quality of life of its
populace.
Achieve a rational land use pattern and urban growth that contribute to a safe and healthy
environment while enhancing Mandaue City’s visual quality as a greencommunity.
Assure an efficient spatial connectivity/accessibility of the City’s existing and potential
urban centers and its physical linkage to the entire Metro-Cebu area as well as the entire
Cebu Province.
II - Objectives:
Formulate and implement land use policies/guidelines, zoning regulations and legislative
measures for an efficient and economically viable urban growth and spatial development
of the City.
Encourage and promote mixed-use development through selective attraction of trade and
commerce activities with very minimal conflict in other land uses such as residential,
institutional, parks and public open spaces.
Support the development of selective manufacturing activities with high value-added
products that are environmentally-compatible with adjacent land uses.
Introduce an urban renewal/redevelopment program for the City’s urban core, the
CSSEAZ and other PUDs, transforming these areas into a modern and green urban center
in Metro-Cebu.
Provide adequate road space and capacity to ensure accessibility and mobilty within the
City’s urban growth centers and also as a gateway to and from Cebu City, Mactan Island
and to the northern towns of Cebu Province.
III – Strategies/Policies:
Any land using activity shall locate only in its proper land use classification unless
specifically allowed in another land use classification.
CY 2019-2029
Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Mandaue City
Plan 2019
Comprehensi
ve Land Use
Residential areas of the City shall be areas that are safe, healthy and conducive for aPlan
proper
2020
living environment and shall be accessible to educational, commercial, and public facilities.
Commercial areas of the City shall be accessible, convenient and attractive locations for
the efficient and profitable operation of existing and future commercial activities.
Industrial/manufacturing areas of the City shall be located in specific and suitable areas
that are accessible to arterial or distributor roads and utility services but with minimal
environmental impact on the other land uses.
Institutional establishments such as a school, library, museum, and health/medical
facilities shall be allowed to locate in residential and commercial areas as part of the City’s
mixed-use development strategy.
Land uses with unique characteristics or may result in compatibility issues with other uses
in the surrounding areas shall be subject to a thorough review and evaluation; if allowed
to locate in the said areas, it shall provide a transition or buffer zones with the other land
uses through landscaping or screening.
No industrial or manufacturing activities of any kind or size shall be allowed in a land use
classified as residential area.
Walkability in the City’s urban core through pedestrian-friendly sidewalks shall be
encouraged and the concept of landscaped gardens and “pocket plazas” shall be
introduced.
The existing historical/heritage sites and landmark structures in the City’s inner urban
core (Centro) as well as its “poblacion or small town image” shall be preserved and
maintained
Latest trend in green building technologies shall be promoted and encouraged particularly
at the PUDs and the City’s urban core.
The appearance of streets/intersections at key entry points in the City, such as the
CSSEAZ and other PUDs and the City’s urban core shall be improved to enhance the
City’s image to its residents and visitors.
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The Concept/Structure Plan

Planning for the construction and improvement of arterial and major collector/distributor
roads shall be properly coordinated with other transportation planningbodies.
An intra-zone public transportation system (a shuttle van or minibus circulating within
the city), with connectivity/accessibility to City’s urban core, the CSSEAZ and the other
growth centers shall be considered.
Mandaue City’s spatio-economic growth patterns somehow resulted in conflicting and
non-conforming land uses. In addition to this land use issues, traffic congestion occurs
along the major arterial roads in the city, thus increasing travel time or reducing travel
speed.

On-street parking shall be properly regulated in arterial and major collector/distributor

roads and off-street parking shall be required from commercial, institutional and industrial
developers located along these roads.

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Planning Approach The Proposed Structural plan

The Physical Structure Plan: The planning areas of the whole city
New concepts in urban design are evolving with emphasis on: a) mixed-use
development; b) green technologies; and c) manufacturing activities with less
environmental impact. There is now a need to correct the present land use situation to a
more orderly spatial development and a managed urban growth thus making Mandaue
truly a modern urban center.

A highly urbanized city having a high population density with a compact built-up
area requires a non-traditional approach in land use planning. Mandaue has reached a
point wherein land use allocation is not the issue but more on urban redevelopment and
spatio-economic growth management. With the complexity of Mandaue’s spatial trends
and land use patterns, the future land use plan should consider an approach of dividing
the city into several small planning areas.

This approach will make the plan formulation easier and manageable. The city is
divided into four quadrants as planning areas. One dividing line of the quadrants referred
to as the Y-axis, is the North Road linking the northern and southern points of the Cebu
Island. The other line, the X-axis is the Butuanon River down to the U.N. Avenue leading
to the International Airport of Mactan Island. These quadrants are bounded by the
aforementioned X and Y axes.

Figure 1. The x-axis and y-axis of the City

There is a need to attain self-sufficiency in every quadrant in terms of land use by

applying “mixed use planning principles” in order to create a significant decrease in people
as well as vehicle capacity travelling going to the Cebu North Road and to the bridge
across Butuanon River.

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Other factors considered in the planning strategy relates to government-mandated
programs, namely: a) Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM); and b) Climate
Change Adaptation (CCA). These factors are relevant, considering the characteristics of
the city’s terrain and topography.
Mandaue City has a land elevation of less than 100 meters (330 feet). About 30%
of the total land area are within the 2-5% slope. Almost 32% of the total land area have a
slope between 5-20% and the remaining 37% of the land area are within the 20-30% slope.
see map (page 32-a)
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
Development Thrusts
The present primary urban core would ultimately expand and may include the
city-owned properties at the CSSEAZ (Southpoint). Mandaue’s urban character in terms
of space and economic development is very dispersed, diversified and dynamic. The city’s
spatial growth patterns are emerging into the following
• Quadrants 1 and 2: Multi-nodal growth patterns (strip/lineardevelopment)
• Quadrants 3 and 4: Trend extension growth patterns (leap-frog type of
development).
Based on the quadrant system planning approach the development thrust will be:
• Each quadrant should have a certain functional role for the city
• In each quadrant secondary urban center (growth node) will emerge orevolve.
• The secondary urban center will serve as a counter-magnet to the city’s major
urban core, thus dispersing business and economic activities
Spatial Strategy
• Mixed-use land development
• Selective attraction of high-tech manufacturing activities with less environmental
impact
• Promotion of green technologies through buffer strips/zones between different
land uses
• Establishment of secondary urban center in each quadrant and defining its
role/function
• Enhancement of the connectivity and accessibility of each quadrant
• Consideration of government-mandated DRRM and CCA guidelines
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Figure 2. The Topography Elevation of the City

Volume 1 Page -32 A

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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019

Preferred Location Land Use:

The western half of the city under Quadrant 2 and 3 are the ideal areas for
residential use. This is mainly due to its higher land elevation and its distance from the
coastal area. Such also is a strategic location which cannot adversely affect the existing
land use along the boundary of Cebu City and Consolacion. It also maximizes conformity
of the existing dominant land use for it is currently used as Residential.
The preferred residential zones are graduated from high-medium to low density
building footprints. The remaining eastern half under quadrant 1 and 2 are ideal for non-
residential use. The existing dominant land use in Quadrant 1 is for commercial while in
Quadrant 4 is Industrial. The conformity to the proposed land use and zoning are
consequently sustained and maximized.

Figure 4. The Industrial and Commercial

Figure 3. The preferred location land use of the City
Related activities divided by Sleep-Work

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The Existing Situation

All plans are in relation to Disaster Risk Reduction Management and Climate Finger Stellar:
Change Adaptation concerning particularly the topography and terrain of the City. Seaport
and tourism can also get the most out of the ongoing seafront development along the The situation in the City can be much described as a so called “Finger Stellar”
Mactan Channel. type of development currently circulating its consequences of road congestion. The
present urban development of the city is characterized by a strong urban core with
Strategic Policies secondary centers of moderate densities distributed throughout the main radial roads. A
• Quadrants 1 and 2 shall be for trade and commerce activities that can co-exist type of development which encourages “strip development” wherein the concentration
with residential and institutional land uses. of development will locate along major transportation routes and congestion will occur at
• No new manufacturing establishments shall be allowed in Quadrants 1 and2 the urban center main radials.
• Quadrants 3 and 4 shall be designated for light and medium to high
manufacturing activities that can co-exist with residential, commercial and
institutional land uses.
• All existing manufacturing establishments located in all four quadrants shall be
allowed to operate, but shall not expand nor diversify itsoperations.
• Improve and/or construct radial and circumferential road systems to encourage
secondary urban centers or growth nodes
• Limited and regulated strip/linear development along the radial and
circumferential road systems
• Provide intra-city public transportation system with connectivity from the major
urban core to all the secondary urban centers of each quadrant.
These policies shall govern the land use and zoning map.

Figure 5. Finger Stellar Diagram

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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019

MANDAUE MAJOR ROAD & URBAN CENTER:

There is now a need to transform the present situation to a more appropriate

concept in order to heal the development consequences of the city.

The “Multi Nodal Urban form” will be the ideal option to consider. It redirects
and decongests development away from the urban core toward identified urban growth
areas. Cluster of development or planned units of development (PUDs) can be identified
with each of the quadrants having its own specialization or themes such as: Civic and
Trade Center, Recreation and Tourism, Light Industrial Development, Mixed Used
Commercial-Residential Development, Medium Industrial Development. These PUD
areas will support the urban core as it captures market while providing its neighborhood
facilities and services to its area of influence.

This can further be enhanced in terms of mobility by providing an outer

circumferential road network where points of activities will be interconnected. An inner
circumferential road is also provided as an alternative to accommodate intra-city mass
transport system interconnecting the four quadrants mentioned earlier; with the proposed
road network scheme, proper zoning policies can be formulated in relation to their
respective functions.

Figure 7. Multi Nodal Urban form Diagram

Figure 6. Urban strip development along the Major Roads

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A feature of the proposed road network is to segregate public and cargo transport.
The Cebu North Road and the A.C. Cortes Avenue will be assigned as the “Public
Transport Corridor”. On the other hand, the Ouano Avenue, Plaridel Street, and the U.N.
Avenue will be likewise assigned as the “Cargo Transport Corridor”, a 24/7 access road
for Cargo Transport which can translate a smooth flow transfer of economicgoods.
A hierarchy of roads must be considered; from main arterial road to
collector/secondary roads; collector/secondary roads to local roads. With this we will now
have a system wherein no local road can go directly to connect to the main arterial road
without passing through a collector/secondary road. The main objective of this concept
is to reduce road congestion and bottleneck, an efficient way to preventtraffic.
The Land Use Plan:
Section 458 of Republic Act No 7160 otherwise known as the Local Government Code
of 1991 gave the local government units (LGUs) the authority and likewise mandated
them to prescribe reasonable limits and restraints on the use of property within their
territorial jurisdiction. The same law provided that these development limits and restraints
will be embodied in a Zoning Ordinance (ZO), the basis of which is the Comprehensive
Land Use Plan (CLUP).
Thus, the CLUP and the ZO shall guide and determine the development thrusts
and directions of Mandaue City, which, among others, will be the basis for the
development regulation and management of the following areas:

• Human settlement areas

o Residential areas all types (low, medium, high density including
socialized housing)
o Townhouses and condominiums
• Production areas
o Commercial activities
o Industrial/manufacturing activities
• Protected areas such as:
o Natural bodies of water (rivers,creeks, lake, etc)
o Swamps and wetlands
o Foreshore lands
o Parks and open spaces including buffer strips between non-
conforming uses
o Cemeteries and memorial parks
o Historical and heritage sites and landmarks
• Public infrastructure and utility system facilities
o Road network configuration and bridges
o Public transportterminals
o Port facilities (sea and air)
o Storm water management and flood control system
Figure 8. Proposed Road Network o Wastewater treatment and disposal system
o Public utility services (power, water and telecommunications)

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The CLUP is the official guide for the future physical and spatial development of the
City’s territorial jurisdiction. It translates the City’s vision and values into a scheme that
describes, how, why, when and where to build, rebuild or preserve the city. The CLUP is
a guide to decision making by the City Development Council, the Sangguniang
Panglungsod and the City Mayor.
Mandaue City government through its elected officials have the responsibility for
the City’s governance that encourages multi-sectoral involvement and participatory style
of leadership. Their decisions must be fair and equitable to the private property owner,
but such decisions shall be made in full regard to the protection and achievement of the
City’s development goals and objectives.
• Quadrant 2 located in the Southwest, composed of 7 Barangays with the Total
Land Area of 882.895 hectares
• Quadrant 3 located in the Northwest, composed of 7 Barangays with the Total
Land Area of 903.762 hectares
• Quadrant 4 located in Northeast, composed of 6 Barangays with the Total Land
Area of 764.432 hectares
The ideal living area is located in the western half of the city under Quadrant 2
and 3. These residential zones are graduated from high-medium to low density building
footprints. On the other hand, the ideal working area is the remaining eastern half under
Quadrant 1 and 4; Quadrant 1 for commercial use and Quadrant 4 for industrial.

Ten-Year Land Use Requirements and Allocation (2015-2024)

Description About the Plan The land use classification of Mandaue City can be summarized as urban use and
The Proposed Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) will be the official guide non-urban use. In the next 10 years Mandaue needs an additional of 522 hectares of land
for an orderly and sustainable spatial development of Mandaue City, thus making it an for urban use, increasing it to 2,810 hectares. It is an increase of 22.75 % over the present
environment-friendly and livable city. The formulation of the CLUP aims to achieve the urban land use of 2,295 hectares.
following:
• Rational and judicious allocation, utilization, acquisition and disposition of land On the other hand, the land area presently classified as non-urban use is 958
according to the City’s development thrusts and spatial strategy. hectares and portions of these land, about 522 hectares, are subject for conversion to
• Minimize or eliminate land use conflicts among various users ofland urban use. The non-urban use will reduce to 48 hectares or by about 48.85 %.
• Promotion of desirable land use patterns to prevent misuse and abuse ofland
• Conservation or protection of areas with ecological, aesthetic, historical and Based on the projected population of 465,594 by the year 2024, the estimated
cultural significance additional land area requirements per urban use classification are as follows:
• Compliance with the following: • Residential 201 hectares
o R.A. 7160: The Local Government Code • Commercial 120 hectares
o R.A. 7279: Urban Development and Housing Act • Industrial 80 hectares
o Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) Planning Guidelines and • Institutional 28 hectares
Standards
o DRRM and CCA guidelines • Parks and Open Spaces 17 hectares
• Cemeteries 3 hectares
The dividing lines of the planning areas are designated as the X and Y axes, The • Roadways 65 hectares
X-axis is along the Butanon River and U.N. Avenue as while the Y-axis is along the Cebu • Sanitary landfill 8 hectares
North Road. The four quadrants are described as follows:
The remaining land area of 418 hectares for non-urban use are the following:
• Quadrant 1 located in the Southeast, composed of 8 Barangays with the Total • Acquaculture and marine 141 hectares
Land Area of 532.972 hectares. • Idle/vacant land (unclassified) 133 hectares

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• Foreshoreland 201 hectares o Social infrastructure support

▪ Schools and learning institution
Please refer to Table 9: Ten Year Land Use Requirements and Allocation (2015-2014) ▪ Public libraries
for a more details. ▪ Daycare and health centers
▪ Memorial parks and cemeteries
Mandaue City Proposed Land Distribution: ▪ Sports and recreational facilities
Figures 3 & 4 : Proposed Map Based on the Four Major Land Use Categories shows the ▪ Public assembly areas
general land use map of Mandaue City. Broadly defined four based on the (4) major land o Administrative infrastructure
use categories as follows: ▪ City government center
• Settlements/Residential Land Use ▪ Barangay halls
o Private subdivisions, self-built housing sites, public housing areas, socialized ▪ Police and fire station facilities
housing, ▪ Solid waste disposal areas
o Resettlement sites, and transient housing facilities comprise the city’s An aggregate of about 404 hectares which is 12 percent of the city’s total land
settlement areas.
area
o It has an aggregate area of about 1,216 hectares and occupies 37 percent of
the city’s total land area • Protected Land Use:
• Production Land Use o Rivers, creeks, swamps, wetlands and other bodies of water
o CSSEAZ and the Urban Core o Parks, open space, and buffer zones and historical sites
o Commercial/Mixed-Use Development Zone o Parks and playgrounds
o Industrial Zone for selected light and medium industries o Natural and man-made landmarks
o Fishpond/aquaculture o Buffer strips between conflicting land uses
o An aggregate area of about 1,315 hectares and occupies 40 percent of the o Planting strips, road islands and sidewalks
city’s total land area o Easements of public use and setbacks
• Infrastructure Land Use o Historical and heritage sites
o Physical infrastructure: transportation and utility systems An aggregate protected area of about 224 hectares and occupies 7 percent of the
▪ Roads and bridges city’s total land area
▪ Public transport terminals
There is still an aggregate land area of 126 hectares of vacant/idle lands which are
▪ Parking facilities
still unclassified as to its land use, or about 4 % of the city’s total landarea.
▪ Sewerage system facilities
▪ Stormwater drainage system and flood control facilities
Proposed Urban Land Use Policy Framework
▪ Power supply and distributionsystem
The proposed urban land use map, which is also referred to as the proposed
▪ Water supply and distributionsystem comprehensive land use plan includes the policy framework for each of the following land
▪ Information and communication technology facilities using zones:
o Economic infrastructure support • Settlement Areas and Residential Zone
▪ Public market
• Production Areas
▪ Slaughterhouse/abbatoir
o City’s Urban core
o CSSEAZ

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o Commercial zone
o Industrial zone
• Infrastructure Support
o Physical
o Economic
o Social
o Administrative
• Protected zone
John Maynard Keynes, a British economist in one of his quotes said:
“Governmentcanhelpin stabilizing the growthofeconomies by
stimulating them through appropriate policies.”
-
In order to effectively implement the Proposed Comprehensive Land Use Plan it
is essential to formulate a development policy framework specific for each land use
classification. Hereunder are the development strategies/policies:
• Residential Land Use Policies
o Accessibility, site suitability, utility availability, neighbourhood compatibility
and environmental factors shall be the basis in providing appropriate areas
for low, medium and high density residential development including
socialized housing.
o The integrity of neighbourhoods shall be protected from non-residential
influences by providing buffers between residential and non-residential uses.
o Development of neighbourhoods that are attractive, peaceful and
environmentally-friendly surroundings shall be encouraged.
o Older and blighted neighbourhoods shall be upgraded or redeveloped by
improving streets, drainage, and other urban services and at the same time
remodelling, renovation and beautification by the owners shall be encouraged
or given incentives.
o Multi-family housing such as townhouses and condominiums shall be
developed at a density level and scale that is compatible with the surrounding
neighbourhood and roadway capacity.
o Small-scale commercial development with less traffic and environmental
impact shall be allowed or accommodated at selected locations within
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residential neighbourhoods to provide retail and personal service needs of
nearby residents in a convenient and accessible manner.
o Landscaped gardens, pocket parks and open recreation areas shall be
encouraged in high density residential development.
o Zoning ordinances and subdivision regulations shall be reviewed periodically
to encourage residential developers to invest in housing projects that will
meet the needs of the City’s diverse population and incomelevel.
Production Areas
• Urban Core Land Use and Redevelopment Policies
The city’s urban core with an estimated area of 149 hectares and a
population of 218,217 as of 2010 census covers five (5) barangays. Appendix 16:
City Urban Core Map shows the map of the urban core indicating its barangay
coverage. Barangay Centro or called the Poblacion is the City’s inner urban core.
The urban core is already a built environment with some blighted areas.
Thus the following are urban renewal/redevelopment policies to improve the
visual quality of blighted areas :
o Mixed use development (residential, commercial and institutional uses) shall
be allowed and encouraged.
o Building height shall be strictly regulated and limited to a maximum of four
(4) storeys.
o The City’s urban core shall be a walkable area through pedestrian-friendly
sidewalks with planting strips.
o Latest trend in green building technologies shall be promoted introducing the
concept of.landscaped gardens and “pocket plazas” within the urbancore.
o The visual quality of streets/intersections at key entry points in the City’s
urban core shall be improved to enhance the image to its residents and
visitors.
o Dilapidated or deteriorating real estate properties shall be encouraged to
undertake rehabilitation/renovation program with incentives provided by the
city government
• Inner Urban Core (Barangay Centro): Additional Redevelopment Policies
o The existing historical/heritage sites and landmark structures in the City’s
inner urban core (Centro) described hereunder shall be preserved and
maintained.
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▪ National shrine of St. Joseph Church
▪ Mandaue Presidencia (original municipal hall)
▪ Rizal-Bonifacio Memorial Stage and Library
▪ Mandaue Central School building (pre-war designed bldg – Gabaldon
type)
▪ Bantayan sa Hari (watchtower)
▪ Cabrera ancestral house
o Centro shall maintain its small town character with a“poblacion”
atmosphere, a strategy for its urban tourism program.
o Centro shall continue to be a business destination such as the
site of a new public market surrounded with retail shops and
small size commercial enterprises.
o Available open spaces shall be converted into “pocket plazas” or landscaped
gardens or green spaces..
• CSSEAZ Land Use Policies
CSSEAZ is the City South Special Economic Administrative Zone, 185-
hectare land reclamation. In a special ordinance CSSEAZ is declared as a
commercial mixed-use development that allows residential and institutional uses
to co-exist. Appendix 17 : CSSEAZ Land Development Map shows the
geographical location and physical boundaries with adjacent citybarangays.
Hereunder are the proposed development policies for the CSSEAZ:
o Mixed-use commercial development shall be based on modern trends in
urban development such as planned unit development (PUD), new
towns/townships and business parks.
o Location of retail businesses in the Zone that caters only to local market or
patronage shall be discouraged.
o Development or the construction of high density, medium and high-rise
residential condominiums shall be encouraged to complement the Zone’s
commercial development.
o Landscaped open spaces that serve as buffer zones shall be encouraged in
high-density development.
o Growth and development in city-owned properties (the proposed City Trade
and Civic Center) shall provide specific areas for recreational facilities,
schools, and institutional facilities.
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o Wide range of high-tech light industries with minimal environmental impact
shall be grouped together as an industry cluster.
o Development standards within the light industrial area shall encourage safe,
convenient and attractive surroundings with horizontal separation or buffer
zone between industrial area and other land uses in the Zone.
• Commercial Land Use Policies
o Selective attraction of financially viable and stable commercial activities shall
be given priority to locate in areas identified as potential growthcenters.
o Commercial areas shall be located for convenient access and shall be designed
to provide off-street parking and loading areas.
o Spot commercial development or strip development along major arterial or
collector roads shall be properly regulated or minimized.
o Direct access to individual parking spaces of a commercial area from a major
arterial or collector road shall be regulated or minimized when there is change
in use or there is a redevelopment program for strip commercial activities
along major traffic corridors.
o Development of small-scale neighborhood retail business and offices for
professional services shall be encouraged at the periphery of or within
residential neighborhood areas where suitable sites and conditions are
appropriate to balance compatibility with convenience.
o Integrated commercial and mixed-use development like a Planned Unit
Development (PUD) shall beencouraged subject to the following conditions:
Creation of a master development for the proposed area showing
all the needed physical infrastructures and utilities.
o Arterial and collector road capacities shall be improved through the proper
location and grouping of commercial uses.
o Zoning and development regulations shall be reviewed and updated
periodically to encourage the attraction of a wide range of commercial
development.
• Industrial Land Use Policies
o High-tech industrial activities with low environmental impact shall be given
priority in order to have a diversified and sustainable the economicbase.
o Adequate land shall be allocated and made available for areas designated as
industrial zones.
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o Sufficient buffers shall be provided in order to reduce environmental impact
to surrounding or adjacent non-industrial uses.
o Essential utility services (power, water and telecommunications) shall be
available to these industrial sites as well as adequate linkage and connectivity
within and outside of the City.
o Design and operating standards shall be developed and implemented to
encourage safe, convenient and attractive industrial areas with all loading and
unloading operations located off street.
o Arterial and collector roads shall provide industrial access but truck traffic
through residential areas shall be restricted.
o Consolidation of industrial areas near or have access to arterial and
distributor/collector roads and public transportation routes shall be
considered and encouraged.
o Zoning and development regulations shall be reviewed and updated
periodically to encourage the attraction of a wide range of industrial
development.
Infrastructure Support
• Physical
o Arterial Roads shall have a clean-up program for RROW to free them from
encroachment. A minimum lateral access to arterial roads at an interval of
750 meters shall be enforced.
o Collector and distributor roads may be allowed to form T-intersection with
the national arterial roads, provided a traffic impact study shall be provided
by the developer or project proponent.
o A minimum lateral access along proposed collector roads shall be allowed
but should not be less than 250 meters.
o Distributor roads shall connect to the collector road but not directly to the
arterial road.
o Subdivision developers shall connect their main subdivision access roads
only to collector and distributor roads.
o Service roads shall be required especially for developments along major
arterial roads
o Standard street fixtures such as traffic signages and street names shall be
provided in all roads.
o Public transportation terminal facilities shall be strategically located in the city
and shall not contribute to traffic congestion along majorthoroughfares.
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o Drainage system and flood control facilities shall have a regular preventive
maintenance and clean-up program to prevent siltation, obstruction from
waste materials and encroachment.
o Power distribution facilities such as power substations and
transmission/distribution lines shall follow the standard utility practices to
ensure safety and visual quality to the urbanenvironment.
o Telecommunication System
▪ Location of cell sites for mobile telecommunication system shall be
closely regulated for public health and safetyconsiderations.
▪ Location of telephone system panel board shall be regulated so as not to
obstruct the roadway and sidewalks.
o Water Supply and Distribution System:
▪ Location of pipelines and clustering of water meters shall follow the
city’s ordinance on road easement and sidewalkobstruction.
▪ Groundwater extraction shall be monitored by the City in
coordination with the National Water Resources Board (NWRB), in
order to avoid abstraction beyond sustainable limit.
▪ MCWD the local water service provider shall exert all efforts to
extend its piped water distribution, facilities all the city’s barangays
within the CLUP planning period (2015 – 2024).
▪ National road easements as promulgated by PD 705: The Forestry
Code and the DWPH road standards shall be strictly and
incorporated in the Proposed Zoning Ordinance.
• Economic
o Public markets shall be established in different urban growth centers or
clusters of barangays to decongest the poblacion.
o The management, operation, and maintenance of the existing slaughterhouse
shall be done professionally and in the most business-like manner as an
economic enterprise.
o The slaughterhouse shall comply strictly with the requirements of the
National Meat Inspection Commission and related requirements of the
Department of Agriculture.
• Social
o Location of public facilities or community facilities such as school, library,
museum, health centers, public safety stations, and parks/playground shall
be located in areas which are centrally located and adjacent to
distributor/collector roads.
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o Sites for these public/community facilities shall be planned and acquired in o The following open spaces shall be protected/preserved and notconverted
advance to accommodate future expansion. to any type/form of urban land use:
o Schools, parks and community facilities shall be located close to or within ▪ Cemeteries and memorial parks
residential neighborhoods for accessibility and cohesive neighborhood ▪ Neighbourhood parks and playgrounds
design. ▪ Residential, commercial, and industrial open spaces
o Elementary schools shall be located off major arterial roads but near the ▪ Natural and man-made landmarks
center of residential neighborhoods and within walking distance for most
schools. ▪ Buffer strips between conflicting uses
o Secondary schools shall be located on major collector and/or arterial roads ▪ Planting strips, road islands, and sidewalks
to improve access and minimize adverse impacts of this higher intensity use ▪ Swamps and wetlands
on residential neighborhoods. ▪ Foreshore land
o Public safety facilities such as police and fire stations and substations shall be
located to minimize travel and response times within their serviceareas. The future land use allocation in the next 10 years (2015 – 2024) is shown below:
o Parks and recreation areas shall be evenly distributed throughout the City and Ten(10) Year Land Use Alllocation: 2015 – 2024
shall include larger community parks and smaller neighborhood parks, some Land Use Allocation (Hectares)
of which may serve as buffers between different land use types.
o Uses that commonly have moderate to large scale assemblies of people such Land Use
as churches, funeral homes, membership organizations and other institutions Classification Present Addition Future
shall be appropriately located on adequate land size with sufficient space to Residential 1015 201 1216
accommodate the off-street parking and accessory needs. Commercial 592 120 712
Industrial 382 80 462
• Parks and Open Spaces Protection/Preservation Policies
Institutional 94 28 122
o The City shall identify its parks and open spaces and protect them from being
utilized into commercial, residential, industrial, and other urban uses. (Open Agriculture 32 (32) -
spaces, aside from providing aesthetic, act as the “lungs” of the City as they help reduce Parks/open Spaces 6 17 23
pollution) Cemeteries 14 3 17
o The banks of rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes Memorial/ Park
throughout their entire length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban Aqua-marine 175 (34) 141
areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas, and forty (40) meters in forest culture
areas, along their margins, are subject to the easement of public use pursuant Idel-Vacant/ 582 (456) 126
to Article 51 of the Philippine Water Code (PD1067). Lands
o No person shall be allowed to stay in this zone longer than what is necessary Roadways 191 65 256
for recreation, navigation, floatage, or salvage or to build structures of any
kind.” Foreshore 201 201
o All legal easements that form part of the city’s open spaces and all non- Sanitary landfill 1 8 9
conforming uses shall be subject to the mitigating measures to be provided Total 3,285 - 3,285
in the zoning ordinance. The City of Mandaue has finally decided to update its land use plan to make it more
responsive to the major developments of the City.
Source: CPDO

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located in quadrants 2 and 3; a conformity with the existing land use of Cebu City and
The updated Plan addresses in detail the issues that evolved for 36 years since its last Land Consolacion.
Use Plan, issues that can be traced which influenced rapid urban growth that has shaped
the City of Mandaue over the years.

The dividing lines of the proposed land use are the X and Y axes, Butanon River and U.N.
Avenue as X, Cebu North Road as Y. Being divided by the two axes, 4 quadrants are
accordingly formed.

Quadrant 1 located in the Southeast, composed of 8 Barangays with the Total Land Area
of 532.972 ha.; Quadrant 2 located in the Southwest, composed of 7 Barangays with the
Total Land Area of 882.895 ha.; Quadrant 3 located in the Northwest, composed of 7
Barangays with the Total Land Area of 903.762 ha.; and Quadrant 4 located in Northeast,
composed of 6 Barangays with the total land area of 764.432 hectares.

Each quadrant has its own respective elevation; the proposed land uses and zoning
restriction of each quadrant are all referenced to scientific DRRM and CCAdata.

The ideal living area is located in the western half of the city under Quadrant 2 and 3.
These residential zones are graduated from high-medium to low density building
footprints. On the other hand, the ideal working area is the remaining eastern half under
Quadrant 1 and 4; Quadrant 1 for commercial use and Quadrant 4 forindustrial.

The proposed land use map has also incorporated three features of overlays to cautiously
take unto account the future impact of the zoning ares. These are Hazard Map Overlay,
Waterway and Catchment Overlay and Road Network Overlay.

The red color would indicate the commercial zone, blue for industrial, yellow for
residential, green for parks and open space, and pink for the urban core. The new Land
Use Plan features the application of building density limits in medium and high density
commercial areas of the City. The commercial zone will remain as is but will already be
regulated in terms of business building capacity in order to mitigate the traffic flow
problem along main radial roads. Majority of the industrial business will now be located
in quadrant 4 to maintain the existing land use of the area and to further develop the zone
as a future manufacturing and industrial hub. The proposed residential areas willbe

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Figure 9. Proposed Land Use

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The table below shows the comparison of the actual land use and the proposed Reclamations
land use. A computation of the actual land use against the proposed land use with Water Uses
respect to conforming use resulted to the following findings: Nipa swamps
Confirming use = 39.43% Tourism (recreation /resorts)
Non-confirming use = 40.41% Settlements on Stilts
Vacant and Idle lots = 20.16% Infrastructure (e.g. Ports, fish,
landing)
ACTUAL LAND PROPOSED LAND Aquaculture and marine culture (e.g.
LAND USE CATEGORIES USE USE Fish cages, fish pens, sewed culture,
Area (ha) %Total Area (ha) %Total etc.) Fishpond 175 5.32 141 4.30
Urban Use Areas: Others, specify (e.g River/ sand
Residential 1,015 30.90 1,216 37.02 gravel quarrying, coral reef, seagrass
beds, foreshore 201 6.11 201 6.12
Commercial 592 18.02 712 21.67
Total 3,284.761 100 3,284.761 100
Infrastructure/utilities (Roads ,rivers) 191 5.81 256 7.80
Source: CPDO
Institutional 94 2.87 122 3.71
Parks, Playgrounds and other
recreational spaces 6 0.18 23 0.70
Industrial 382 11.62 462 14.06
Agriculture 32 0.99
Forest and Forest use categories
Production forest 37.85
Protection Area 6
Mining/quarrying
Grassland /pasture
Agro-Industrial
Tourism
Other uses/categories:
Cemeteries 14 0.42 17 0.52
Dumpsite/Sanitary Landfills 1 0.04 8 0.27
Buffer zones/greenbelts 126 3.83
Idle /Vacant lands 544.15 17.72

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Priority Programs and Projects

• Redevelopment of the old town center
ISSUE: Urban Sprawl a. Establish the center as a discipline zone, enforce strictly all applicable existing ordinance
OBJECTIVE: Integrated Development on solid waste, traffic management, sagging utility wires, anti-littering, illegal streamers,
The city to evolve into a live-work environment through an integrated development illegal vending, sidewalk obstructions, drainage improvement and maintenance, greening
of new growth areas in pocket spaces (in partnership with the department of agriculture)
b. Promote the center as a destination for entertainment, leisure, and community activities
A. New growth areas c. Preserve the historical, cultural, and small town character of the inner citycore

STRATEGY: • Seafront development

• Create PUDs incorporating smart growth principles a. Transform foreshore areas into PUDs
a. Civic and Trade center development (Mandaue Expo) b. Conservation of mangrove forests
b. Recreation and Tourism development c. Construction of coastal road
c. Residential-Commercial mixed use development
d. Light Industrial Park development • Density-based mixed-use policies
e. Medium Industrial Park development a. Review allowable uses in the existing zoning ordinance
f. Rear service/access roads in every building Creation of Technical Working Group under City Zoning Development Board (CZDB)
g. Underground power lines and other utilities Note: LZBA *new guideline*
h. Sewerage system b. Creation of development board for every PUDs
i. Establish FAR regulation: Strategically locate high-rise structures with available access c. All developments within PUDs shall secure clearance from its respectiveboard
to various collector and/or local roads to minimize impact on traffic, waste management,
and drainage. B. Connectivity

• Apply green growth strategies STRATEGY:

a. Green corridors along major waterways
b. Buffer zones along coastal areas • Establish an ideal radial-circumferential road network for the city
c. Parks in every PUD a. Inner circumferential road for intra-city mass transport system
d. “Sky Park or aerial greenway” over Soriano Avenue to connect the proposed site for b. Outer circumferential roads that will serve as bypass road and will also serve as links
City Hall to the City Core for all proposed PUDs
e. Greening in old establishments (20% open space shall be devoted forgreening) c. Establish specific cargo transport corridors
f. All roof decks should provide 20% for greening (landscaping or urbanfarming)
1. Ouano Avenue-Plaridel Street-Cansaga Bridge for north and south bound points of
Cebu Province
• Retain fishponds as aquaculture zone 2. U.N. Avenue for Mactan Island bound
a. Retention of existing fishponds for food sustainability (i.e. in times ofcalamity)
b. New technology in aquaculture zones d. Establish specific public transport corridor

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1. Cebu North Road for north and south bound points of CebuProvince
2. AC Cortes Avenue for Mactan Island bound
3. AS Fortuna for western bound
• (Create) a holistic and integrated multi-nodal mass transportsystem
a. Identify transfer stations through PPPs (e.g. malls, satellite markets,universities)
b. Inner circumferential road for intra-city mass transport system
1. Jeepneys to serve inner circumferential road
2. Tricycles to serve local and/or subdivision roads
c. Inter-City Public Transport
1. North/South-bound: Cebu North Road
2. East-bound: AC Cortes Avenue (Mactan Island)
3. West-bound: AS Fortuna (Talamban)
• Establish specific road right-of-way, setbacks and parking policy in accordance
with hierarchy of road function [arterial, collector and local roads] (Road network
overlay).
• Synchronized intersection management system
• Improve existing roads with complete ancillary road facilities such as pedestrian
crossing, wide sidewalks, waiting sheds, etc.
a. Hierarchy of road functions: arterial, collector, local roads
b. Specific widths for road right of way (RROW)
c. New road openings
ISSUE: Social Challenges
OBJECTIVE: Social Upliftment through Innovative housing and Quality
Education
A. Informal Settlement
Innovative housing programs that will ensure safe, healthy, and conducive living
environment for the local urban poor
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STRATEGY:
• Create small communitiesin existing urban poor settlementscomplete with basic
social facilities
a. Day care center
b. Satellite primary schools
c. Livelihood training center
d. Recreation area
• Maximize resettlement sites by constructing disaster-resilient multi-level
dwellings complete with basic social facilities
a. Minimum of 3 Levels
b. Rain water storage and infiltration facility in every building
c. Permeable or porous pavements and landscape areas for all land developments
d. MRF Facility
e. Day care center
f. Livelihood training center
g. Recreation area
• Large establishments to provide living quarters within working sites
a. Establishments employing a minimum of 100 personnel shall be required to provide
living quarters at least 20% of its employees within the premises of the work site but such
living quarters can
(Establishments with less than the minimum required number of personnel but voluntarily
provide living quarters will be recommended to avail of the tax incentive)
• Establish medium-rise temporary shelter “Kasamtangang puluy-anan”
(Temporary shelter program)
a. One (1) Temporary shelter facility for every clustered barangay
b. To serve as an evacuation center in times of calamity andemergency
c. Building area shall be determined based on the proportionate population ofthe
clustered barangay
A project of Mandaue City aimed at addressing the housing needs of the poor in the
City, by first, providing them with temporary shelter in medium-rise tenement on a
limited period of time including subsidy, and second, access to livelihood to enable them
to gradually become independent, empowered and able to pay for a property of their
own. Prospective beneficiaries would include those identified by the National Office of
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the Department of Social Welfare and Development who are categorized as poorest of
the poor, and those living in danger areas.
The project components include, first, the infrastructure support by way of free shelter
and subsidy given by the government to the target beneficiaries on a short term basis.
This includes the provision of a three-storey condominium to be occupied for free by the
prospective beneficiaries, including subsidy, for a limited period oftime.
The second component would be the identification of skills, or potential for livelihood of
the household members and then access to job opportunities. This would enable them to
earn and gradually become independent of government subsidy. This is the period of
transition towards being ready to transfer to and be capacitated to pay and own a property
on an identified relocation site.
The beneficiaries’ status from totally subsidized to independent and empowered citizenry
is the long term objective of this project.
• “Balik probinsya” program
B. Education
Achieve basic education within the city and introduce novel transitory programs for K+12
STRATEGY:
• Require Colleges, Universities, Schools and other largeindustrial
establishments to provide training facilities for the K+12 program
Public-Private-Partnership to provide training for Junior High and Senior High K+12
program
• Maximize existing school sites by constructing disaster-resilient multi-level
school buildings
a. No single-level school building allowed
b. All school buildings to maximize natural lighting andventilation
c. School site shall incorporate greening and landscapingprinciples
d. Rain water storage and infiltration facility in every building
e. Permeable or porous pavements and landscape areas for all landdevelopments
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• New school sites should be within walking distance from residentialareas
a. New school sites should be located outside the 400meter radius from existingschools
b. No single-level school building allowed
c. All new school buildings to maximize natural lighting and ventilation
d. School site shall incorporate greening and landscaping principles
e. Rain water storage and infiltration facility in every building
f. Permeable or porous pavements and landscape areas for all land developments
ISSUE: Environment (Flooding, Pollution, and Waste Management)
OBJECTIVE: Sustainable Environment
Ensure environmental sustainability by embracing comprehensive green practices.
STRATEGY:
Waste
• Utilize private sanitary landfill outside the jurisdiction of Mandaue
a. Maintain existing agreement with private landfill in the Municipality of Consolacion by
formulating a memorandum of agreement to ensure long termsustainability
b. Establish “waste-to-energy” program under the Mega Cebucontext
• Establish mini sanitary landfill in clustered barangays forcontingencyuse
a. Identify 5 sites on existing vacant/idle lots for contingency landfilluse
b. Prioritize site selection from the inventory of lots for publicauction
• 3 Rs for solid waste through MRF in every barangay
a. Compulsory requirement for every barangay to establish Materials Recovery Facility
(MRF) through utilization of barangay-owned property or leasing of private lots or in
the absence of possible site, through Public Private Partnership (PPP)
b. Barangays to establish comprehensive 3Rs program down to the householdlevel
Water and flooding
• Formulate water quality and resource management policies
a. Moratorium on the issuance of deep well permits; exceptions shall be issued by the
National Water Resource Board (NWRB)
b. Existing deep wells shall still be allowed for those with prior permits, however, its usage
shall be limited to the restrictions of the saidpermit
c. Rain water storage and infiltration facility in every building
d. Permeable pavements and landscape areas for all land developments
• Establish Green corridor along major waterways and coastal lines
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River improvement to include the following: The table below shows the climatae change and disaster risk stimuli and the
a. Channel improvement corresponding interventios and mitigations which are all streamlined in the
b. Construction of mini dams Comprehensive Land Use Plan of 2014 to 2024.
c. Discharge channels
d. Access and side roads
e. Revetments, greening and natural filters

• Preserve natural water ways in private properties (Waterwayoverlay)

• Preserve wetland area ( Cabancalan sink hole)
• Preserve mangrove areas (Paknaan & Labogon)
• Mitigation on toxic waste (i.e. used oil, batteries, etc.)
• Formulate policies on water recycling (i.e. car wash, water refilling businesses,
and restaurants)

Land Usage The table below shows the climatae change and disaster risk stimuli and the
corresponding interventios and mitigations which are all streamlined in the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan of 2014 to 2024.

• Compulsory green building design in Planned Units of Development(PUD)

a. All locators shall be “green building” certified
b. Application of Principles of less building foot prints

• Formulate localized and comprehensive land development policies (related to

natural terrain)

a. Restriction and control of earth cutting and filling regardless of the land development
size (Terrain compatible Structures)
b. Conservation of natural land (i.e. mountains, water basins andmangroves)
d. Disaster-prevention reservoirs and multi-purpose retarding basin
e. Establish urbanization control areas (i.e Floor Area Ratio [FAR])
f. Regulation of fences
g. Regulation of fire wall and buffer strips

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Annex 1- Traffic Issues
DTI comments/recommendations
Traffic issues. The data on traffic and transport (vol. 1, page 22) needs to be linked to the problem of
worsening traffic conditions in Mandaue aptly described in terms of speed (km/hr.) The present discussion
does not immediately give the impression of a worsening traffic condition in thecity.
The City in response to the worsening traffic conditions implemented an alternative plan.
HLURB Standards on road networks equates the total area for roads to the total
population of the City. Mandaue City falls short on this requirement because said
calculation does not take into consideration the limited land area of the City.
The City thus included in the Zoning Ordinance of Mandaue some unconventional
solutions such as Parking Regulations and Traffic Impact Assessment Requirements that
minimize usage of private cars and encourage use of public transportation.
The City has a three-pronged approach in solving the traffic conditions in the City:
1. Long Term Solution:
Comprehensive Land Use Plan 10 year Road Network which includes infrastructure
development such as improvement of road network by providing a circumferential road
or bypass roads through improvement of existing roads and the opening of new roads
along the circumferential routes.
The overall road network plan which determines the hierarchy of roads into usage rather
than its ownership categorized into (1) Arterial, (2) Intermediate, and (3) Local roads, with
the following functions:
Arterial Road - Dedicated for fast moving transport such as the Public Transport
Corridor and the Cargo Transport Corridor.
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
Local Roads - Subdivision roads and Barangay Roads dedicated for pedestrians wherein
slow moving traffic is desired
Collector/Distributor Roads - Intermediary between the local and the arterial roads under
the Traffic Engineering and Urban Planning Principle wherein local roads may connect
to the main arterial road through a collector/secondary road. The main objective of this
concept is to reduce road congestion and bottleneck.
Inner Circumferential Roads - Dedicated for intra-city public transportation system
Outer Circumferential Roads - Dedicated as a bypass road to the main arterial road
From the abovementioned concept, the goal is to produce a road network overlay aside
from the zoning map in order to determine appropriate road right-of-way widths, policies
on building setbacks, and parking regulations.
2. Midterm Solution:
a.) Installation of synchronized signalized traffic light and cameras on critical intersections
which will assist City-wide Traffic Management.
b.) Adaption of High Quality Public Transportation System (HQPTS) which will provide
the public commuters convenience and dignity of travel through time-efficiency as to
arrival and departure, public safety with specific point-to-point stops that will pass through
the City and other specified destinations to encourage private car users to use public
transport system. This system well eventually complement with existing paratransit such
as jeepneys, tricycles and other motorized transport vehicles to be located in inter-modal
transfer stations.
3. Short Term Solution:
Application of New Traffic Schemes based on up-to-date traffic count data and vehicle
composition which will ease out vehicle congestion on merging points and avoid road
frictions.
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CLIMATE CHANGE/DISASTER RISK STIMULI AFFECTING

MITIGATING OPTIONS/INTERVENTIONS
THE LGU

Resettlement sites will be maximized by constructing disaster-resilient multistory tenement housing.

Resettlement sites concerns
a. Every building should have a rain water storage and infiltration facility.
b. All land developments should have permeable or porous pavements and landscape areas.

There shall be buffer zones along coastal areas for the maintenance of ecological balance in the
The maintenance of ecological balance in the community
community.

High demand of per capita waste generation Establish sanitary landfill for contingency use.

Water quality and resource management policies:

a. Moratorium on the issuance of deep wells and exceptions shall be issued by the National Water
Resource Board (NWRB).
b. Existing deep wells shall still be allowed for those who were able to secure permits prior tothe
effectivity of this Ordinance.
Water quality and resource management concerns
c. All water connections should be through MCWD or its equivalent.
d. All refilling station sources must come from MCWD or itsequivalent.
e. Water refilling stations should adopt reverse osmosis system or of similar kind to lessen waste
water generated.
f. Every building should have rainwater storage and infiltration system.
g. All land developments should have permeable or porous pavements and landscapeareas.
Convert areas as temporary storage for storm water for areas with elevation lower than the road
pavement but not lower than the invert elevation of the nearest existing drainage line as disaster-
prevention reservoirs and multi-purpose retaining basin.
Localized and comprehensive land development policies
a. Development permit for earth cutting and filling regardless of land development size to be issued
Localized and comprehensive land development policies by Mandaue City Environment and Natural Resources Office (MCENRO).
b. Retention of terrain of natural lands (i.e. mountains, water basins and mangroves); terrain-
compatible structures should be applied to slopes more than 18%, as well as to flood prone areas,

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Site development risks that it will be affected by landslides, its adverse impact
to soil and the risks that it will cause landslides to nearbyarea/properties
Flood prone areas - High Susceptibility Area (HSA)
Flood prone areas - Moderate Susceptibility Area (MSA)
Flood prone areas - Low Susceptibility Area (LSA)
Flood-prone areas
Obstruction of water flow and drainage in developments
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Mandaue City Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2019
coastal areas and areas within the six (6)-meter elevation from the mean sea level.
c. Only picket fences are allowed for areas less than one (1) hectare. Construction of solid fences
(i.e. concrete hollow blocks) are not allowed. A drainage master plan should be provided for areas
over one (1) hectare as an integral part of fence or development permits.
• Buildings and structures should be laid out and designed to harmonize with the terrain to minimize
earth moving activities
• Appropriate slope, erosion and soil stabilization measures shall be applied, either through hard or
soft engineering measures
• Indigenous and mature vegetation should be retained
• Natural drainage patterns should not be altered; and
• Use sustainable drainage systems to include rainwater storage tanks, green roofs, etc. that can decrease
the flow and make productive use of storm waterrun-off.
• Maximum Allowable lot area per NBC to be filled up is 20% which shall be used for driveways,
garage, base for septic tanks, and other similar uses.
• The rest of the buildable area as per NBC will be onstilts.
• Maximum Allowable lot area per NBC to be filled up is 50% which shall be used for driveways,
garage, base for septic tanks, and other similar uses.
• The rest of the buildable area as per NBC will be onstilts.
• Maximum Allowable lot area per NBC, provided that underground catchment shall be installed for
water retention.
• Raising the lowest floor line at or above the Flood Protection Elevation (FPE) as determined bythe
DPWH by using stilts;
• Providing roof decks that can be used for evacuation purposes;
• Building utility connections such as those for electricity, potable water and sewage shall be located at
elevations higher than the FPE;
• Natural drainage patterns should not be altered; and
• Use sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) to include rainwater storage tanks, green roofs, etc.
that can decrease the flow and make productive use of storm waterrun-off.
To protect and assure unobstructed water flow and to provide direction for drainage outfall in every
development:
a. Land use activities shall not cause the alteration of natural drainage patterns or change the
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velocities, volumes, and physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of storm water. Streams,
watercourses, wetlands, lakes or ponds shall not be altered, re-graded, developed, piped, diverted
or built upon.
b. Outfall of every development should be within their respective catchment area as delineated in
this Overlay.
• Sufficient buffers shall be provided in order to reduce environmental impact to surrounding or
adjacent non-industrial uses.
Effect of industrial uses to surrounding non-industrial uses
• Design and operating standards shall be developed and implemented to encourage safe, convenient
and attractive industrial areas with all loading and unloading operations located offstreet.

• Localized and comprehensive land development policies shall be formulated.

Adverse effects of land developments to the natural land quality
a. Development permit for earth cutting and filling regardless of land developmentsize.
b. Conservation of natural lands (i.e. mountains, water basins and mangroves).
c. Disaster-prevention reservoirs and multi-purpose retaining basin.
d. Establish urbanization control areas (e.g. Floor Area Ratio).
e. Only picket fences are allowed. Construction of solid fences is not allowed (e.g. concretefence
and zocalo).
f. Terrain-compatible structures should be applied to slopes more than 18%, as well as to flood
prone areas, coastal areas and areas within the six (6)-meter elevation from the meansealevel.

• Each facility should adopt green growth principles applicable to them such as:
a. Solar water heating
b. Use of natural light and ventilation
c. Permeable or porous pavements for driveways and terrace and runoff tanks
d. Minimizing waste by reusing building components
e. Promoting bicycle use by providing parking areas
f. Reducing use of fossil fuels by providing electric vehicle charging facilities
g. Use of green roofs with load capacity for deeper soil levels
h. Low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) paints and plastics
i. Native vegetation
j. Use of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lights

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CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT (climate and disaster
risk resiliency of the city)
Climate Projection by PAG-ASA
PAG-ASA has released data showing how temperature, rainfall patterns and
climate may change through 2020 and 2050. In preparing the CLUP, the local government
of Mandaue has taken into consideration the vulnerability and disaster risk resiliency of
the city. This is important in defining the risks posed by climate change and for providing
information in order to identify measures that will enable the city to adapt to the impacts
of climate change. At present, the city is still in the process of completing its climate
change vulnerability assessment. Hence in the CLUP, the determination of the city’s
vulnerability to climate change is based on the available data pertaining to the hazards and
other environmental challenges faced by the city.
Disaster Risk adaptation/mitigation measures and strategies
Based on the geohazard map, the barangays assessed with high susceptibility to
flooding are Alang-alang, Banilad, Cabancalan, Cambaro, Guizo, Ibabao-Estancia, Looc,
Maguikay, Mantuyong, Paknaan, Subangdaku, Tabok and Umapad. Areas along the
Butunon River in Caduman are highly susceptible to flooding, while there are areas of
moderate to low susceptibility in barangays Looc, Maguikay, Umapad and Tabok.
Considering the foregoing fact, the local government of Mandaue, through the
Risk Reduction and Management Council, has allotted budget intended for flood
mitigation projects. At present, the priority projects for flood mitigation include the
Master Drainage Plan and the Rehabilitation of Butuanon River. For the city as a whole,
the Disaster Risk adaptation measures and strategies are the following:

As regards seasonal temperature in 2020, Cebu, where Mandaue City is located, will
experience the following temperature increase in Celsius: December, January, February DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
(DJF) – 27.7; March, April, May (MAM) – 29.6; June, July, August (JJA) – 29.3; September,
October, November (SON) – 28.9. In 2050 Cebu is projected to experience the following
temperature in Celsius: DJF – 28.7, MAM – 30.8, JJA – 30.3, SON –28.9. 1. Drainage improvement
2. Rehabilitation of waterways
3. Comprehensive master drainage plan
For Mandaue City, considerable efforts should be focused on seasonal rainfall change. 4. Mangrove protection and enhancement plan
There is a need to do so considering the city’s land elevation which is less than 100 meters 5. Environmental management and monitoringplan
where 30 % of the total land area is within 2-5% slope, 32% has a slope of between 5-
20%, and 37% of the total land area is within the 20-30% slope. Taking into account the DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
figures, it is not unexpected that flooding continues to be an issue that needs to be
addressed effectively. Prior to doing so, the city has to be alert and study the figures of 6. Stock piling of basic emergency supplies
the seasonal rainfall change projection which are the following: in 2020, DJF - 341.7, 7. Drainage improvement
MAM - 229.1, JJA - 602.8 and SON - 615.1, while in 2050, DJF - 343.6, MAM - 228.8, 8. Drainage installation
JJA – 644 and SON - 625.2. Bearing in mind the projected changes in seasonal rainfall, 9. Procurement of search and rescueequipment/vehicle
adaptation is integral in dealing with the impacts of climate change especially the threat of
flooding. Adaptation may be done through implementing projects that will help the city DISASTER RESPONSE
adapt to these changes and maintain resiliency by starting with disaster risk preparation, 10. Procurement of disaster response equipment
mitigation, reduction and response. This will be explained comprehensively in the 11. Communication equipment
succeeding section.

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12. Water suction pump

DISASTER RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION

13. Riprapping and road development

14. Drainage System

For the vulnerable barangays which are highly susceptible to flooding, the city
has policies, programs and projects intended for them. These include slope protection of
Butuanon Riverbank, improvement and rehabilitation of drainage system, establishment
of flood control system, drainage installation, drainage improvement, and flood control
structure. Mandaue City will also implement local measures to prevent the clogging of
waterways and existing drainage both natural and man-made. This is in response to the
present situation of the natural waterways which are silted, clogged, or obstructed. Also,
this is to prevent the impact of the polluted rivers, creeks, shorelines and other water
catchment.

Protection of the critical coastal and marine habitat is among the primary goals
of Mandaue City. Since mangroves are known to sequester carbon faster than any other
forest types, preservation and protection of the mangrove ecosystems is a priority. In
order to mitigate the impact of climate change, mangroves forests deserve a substantial
portion in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. There are projects and programs aimed at
preserving and protecting urban mangroves forests, i.e. mangrove forest in Cansaga Bay
and the Butuanon River and its tributaries. Another importance being highlighted in
these initiatives is the role of mangrove forests as eco-tourism sector.

Based on the foregoing, Mandaue’s environmental development efforts are

directed towards establishing the green corridor along Butuanon River, skypark or aerial
greenway and development of mangrove eco-park.

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