ETHICS

(GE ET)
Day 1 I. II.
 ETHICS

III. Course Description

III. Course Description
Ethics deals with principles of
ETHICAL behavior in modern
society at the level of the person,
society, and in interaction with
the environment and other
shared resources based from
human reason or critical
thinking. (CMO 20 s 2013)
❑ Principles of Ethical behavior
❑ Modern Society
❑ Person ❑ Shared resources
❑ Society
❑ Environment
 Human reason or critical thinking

HUMAN
HUMAN ACT
KNOWLEDGE
Principles Morality
of Ethical of Action
behavior
 Morality or Ethics
❖ pertains to the standards of RIGHT and
WRONG that an individual originally
picks up from the community. The
course discusses the context and
principles of ethical behavior in modern
society at the level of individual,
society, and the interaction with the
environment and other shared resources
 Morality or Ethics

Standard
Right and Wrong
Individual Person
Community
The course also
teaches students to
make MORAL
DECISIONS by using
dominant frameworks
and by applying a
seven-step moral
reasoning model to
anayze and solve
moral dilemmas.
The course is organized according to
the three (3) main elements of the
moral experience: (a) AGENT,
including context-cultural,
communal, and environmental; (b)
ACT; and (c) REASON OR
the
FRAMEWORK (for the act).
A MORAL BEING

✔ Agent
3 elements
✔ Act
of the moral
✔ Reason or
experience
Framework
IV. GENERAL
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
Expected attributes: STUDENTS
❑ Creative Critical Thinker
❑ Transformative Lifelong Learner
❑ Socially Responsive
Expected attributes: STUDENTS
❑ Creative Critical Thinker
Manifest Augustinian, Marian,
Missionary, and Filipino Religiosity
needed in the students community
work
Expected attributes: STUDENTS
❑ Creative Critical Thinker
Assimilate the Catholic, Moral and
Ethical character in their future
professions in view of the modern
society at large
Expected attributes: STUDENTS
❑ Creative Critical Thinker
Develop and sustain a nurturing
community towards a Christocentric
attitude in their future respective
workplaces.
Expected attributes: STUDENTS
❑ Transformative Lifelong Learner
Propose ethical changes and
development in schools and in large
community.
Expected attributes: STUDENTS
❑ Transformative Lifelong Learner
Show Catholic nationalist
perspective in responding to
educational problems and in
delivering vital outreach services
for the improvement of people and
community.
Expected attributes: STUDENTS
❑ Socially Responsive
Show Augustinian virtues/ethical
values and the understanding and
appreciation of corporate social
responsibility
Expected attributes: STUDENTS
❑ Socially Responsive
Display and continue passionate
learning in order to better fulfill their
mission as Christian disciples and
builders of the Faith.
Day 2 Knowing oneself
Weaknesses

Strength
Human Person
Moral
Ethical world
Political
Socio-Economic

Poor Sectors
in the society
 Strength
Values
Uniqueness
 Jesus Christ
Christian Values
Augustinian
Values
Consolanian
How do I
manifest
Christian
Values?
 6 Core Interiority
Humility
Values of
Compassion
the
Courage
University Community-
Orientedness
Missionary Spirit
Unity Trut
h
Charity

3 Augustinian
Values/Virtues
 Course Requirements:
I. 3 Major Exams ( 40% of Grades)

II. 60% of the grades

Projects ( 3 ) as output for 1 semester
Seatwork (Lectures, Reflection paper)
Quiz
Recitation
 Suggested Reading Materials
1. Ethics ( Principles of Ethical Behavior in
Modern Society) by Jen Micah De Guzman
2. Introducing Christian Ethics ( Samuel Wells)
3. God’s Companions Reimagining Christian
Ethics (SamuelWells)
4. A Textbook of Christian Ethics ( Robin
rd
Gill) ,3 edition
5. The Common Good and Christian Ethics
(David Hollenback)
6.Christian Ethics: A very short Introduction
(Stephen Long)
 Introduction
to
Ethics and Philosophy

Week 2 day 1
I. The Nature of Philosophy
❑ Philosophy is for everyone.
❑ So what is philosophy?
Literally the term philosophy
is derived from the Greek
words philos ("loving") and
sophia ("wisdom"), and means
"the love of wisdom."
But philosophers do not always
agree on the nature and function of
philosophy. Here are four
definitions that attempt to explain
what is generally meant by the
term philosophy. These definitions
do not necessarily reflect a
consensus of philosophical
opinion.
1. Philosophy
ANALYZES the
foundations and
presuppositions
underlying other
disciplines.
2. Philosophy attempts to
develop a
COMPREHENSIVE
conception or
apprehension of the
world.
3. Philosophy STUDIES
and CRITICALLY
EVALUATES our most
deeply held beliefs and
attitudes; in particular,
those which are often
held uncritically.
4. Philosophy
INVESTIGATES the
principles and rules of
language, and attempts to
clarify the meaning of
vague words and
concepts.
II. Ethics as
PRACTICAL
PHILOSOPHY
towards moral order
ETHICS and
MORALITY -
Foundation of Moral
Life
A MORAL STANDARD refers to the
norms which we have about the
types of actions which we believe to
be morally acceptable and morally
unacceptable. Specifically, moral
standards deal with matters which
can either seriously harm or seriously
benefit human beings.
Norms
❑ accepted standard or a way of
behaving or doing things that most
people agree with.

❑ a standard or pattern, especially of

social behavior, that is typical or
expected of a group.
Assignment
❑ Research about the
different
Philosophers in
their idea,
Philosophy and
definition about
Ethics.
 Moral
Standards
Week 2, Day 2
ETHICS
Conscience
and
Human Dignity
 Ethics

Moral Being
❑ an inner feeling
or voice
viewed as
acting as a
guide to the
rightness or
wrongness of
one's behavior.
(con·scienceDictionary result for
conscience
/ˈkän(t)SHəns/)
❑ the sense or
consciousness of
the moral goodness
or blameworthiness
of one's own
conduct, intentions,
or character
together with a
feeling of obligation
to do right or be
good (Merriam-Webster)
❑ a faculty, power,
or principle
enjoining good
acts (Merriam-Webster)
❑ A person's moral
sense of right
and wrong,
viewed as acting
as a guide to
one's behavior.
(oxford Dictionary)
Conscience is a judgment of reason
whereby the human person
recognizes the moral quality of a
concrete act that he is going to
perform, is in the process of
performing, or has already
completed. In all he says and does,
man is obliged to follow faithfully
what he knows to be just and right.
It is by the judgment of his
conscience that man perceives and
recognizes the prescriptions of the
divine law (CCC, 1778)
St Augustine, (4th century
Bishop of Hippo)
✔ believed that
conscience was the
voice of God speaking
to us.

✔ Conscience for
Augustine is a tool to
observe the law of God
within human hearts.
 Types of
Conscience
1. Correct conscience
tells us when something is
a good choice or a bad
choice and that this
decision is in agreement
with what that thing
actually is according to the
objective law
2. Erroneous conscience
judges something incorrectly, when something is
bad you think its good and when its good you
think its bad
3. Certain
conscience
convinced
without any
doubt that an
action is good
or bad
4. Doubtful
conscience
when you
cannot choose
between good
and bad
choices.
5. Lax conscience
when you see no sin
where there actually
is sin.
6. Scrupulous sin
a conscience that judges
that there is sin where
there really is no sin, or
that judges that
something is a mortal
sin when it is only a
venial sin
7. Delicate
conscience
judges correctly and
with careful
attention concerning
the acts that are
about to be
performed.
Dignity
of
Human
Person
THE DIGNITY OF ❑ The dignity of the human person implies and
THE HUMAN requires uprightness of moral conscience.
Conscience includes the perception of the
PERSON principles of morality (synderesis); their
application in the given circumstances by
practical discernment of reasons and goods;
MORAL and finally judgment about concrete acts yet
CONSCIENCE to be performed or already performed. The
truth about the moral good, stated in the law
of reason, is recognized practically and
concretely by the prudent judgment of
conscience. We call that man prudent who
chooses in conformity with this judgment.
Dignity is the right of a
person to be valued and
respected for their own
sake, and to be treated
ethically. It is of
significance in morality,
ethics, law and politics as
an extension of the
Enlightenment-era
concepts of inherent,
inalienable rights. (Wikipedia)
The basis for the theme of
Human Dignity, the
bedrock of Catholic Social
Teaching, is that humans
were created in the image
and likeness of God.
Regardless of any factors
or reasons we can think
of, individuals have an
inherent and
immeasurable worth and
dignity; each human life is
considered sacred.
Human dignity is
something that can’t
be taken away.
Catholic Social
Teaching states that
each and every person
has value, are worthy
of great respect and
must be free from
slavery, manipulation
and exploitation.
‘Catholic social teaching believes that human
beings, created in the image and likeness of
God (Genesis 1:26-27)

Catholic Social Teaching asserts that all

human beings must see within every person
both a reflection of God and a mirror of
themselves, and must honour and respect this
dignity as a divine gift.’
 Life
and
Dignity
of the
Human
Person
❖ The Catholic
Church
proclaims that
human life is
sacred and that
the dignity of
the human
person is the
foundation of a
moral vision for
society.
❖ In our society,
human life is
under direct
attack from
abortion and
euthanasia.
❖ The value of
human life is
being
threatened by
cloning,
embryonic stem
cell research,
and the use of
the death
penalty.
❖ We believe that
every person is
precious, that people
are more important
than things, and that
the measure of every
institution is
whether it threatens
or enhances the life
and dignity of the
human person.
Activity 2: ❑ Creating connections and relevance
Concept ❑ Conclusion
Mapping

Ethics Conscience
Human Dignity
Human Being
Norms
of
Ethics
 Definition of Norms
✔ standards of
proper or
acceptable
behavior
Definition of Norms
✔ Social norms are
shared standards
of acceptable
behavior by groups
✔ What is an ethical norm? Norms may
be defined as standardized ways of
conduct and behavior (e.g., treating
everyone fairly) in a society,
company, or other organization. ... Do
no harm: Avoid harming others by
making good choices and acting in
accordance with ethical standards,
rules, and legal guidelines.
ETHICAL NORM –
Standard on
how to behave
NORMS
OF
ETHICS
✔ There are four key types of norms, with
differing levels of scope and reach,
significance and importance, and
methods of enforcement and
sanctioning of violations. These are, in
order of significance,
FOLKWAYS, MORES,
TABOOS, AND LAWS.
✔ FOLKWAYS
are CUSTOMS that we follow but
are often not written down. We learn
them through intuition as we grow up.
They are often implicit, meaning that
you may not have been taught about
the folkways in your culture. Instead,
you learned them by being embedded
in a culture while growing up.
Examples:
These are
small little
customs like
covering your
mouth when
you yawn.
Examples:
trying not to
smoke downwind
of others,
Examples:
you say
thank you
to the
grocery
store clerk.
✔ MORES
are moral norms. If you break
them you would be seen as not
just in poor taste, but immoral.
They’re often linked to religious
rules.
✔ If you break a more, society will
consider you to be immoral.
Some mores are illegal (making
them also laws), while others
are not.
Examples: Talking behind
a friend’s back could be
considered immoral and
therefore a more that has
been contravened. It’s not
illegal to gossip, but
people will frown upon
you and consider you to
have broken moral
standards.
✔ TABOOS
are ‘negative norms’ – things that
people find offensive and socially
inappropriate if you are caught
doing them.
✔ TABOOS
social norms in a society that
are considered shocking if you
break them. They’re often things
that no one talks about because
they’re so embarrassing and
socially unacceptable.
Examples:
Taboos in
American culture
include adultery,
flirting while
married, and
spitting at
others.
✔ LAWS
are norms that are actually
defined as being legal or illegal.
The government has decided
these norms are so important
that you could get in trouble for
breaking them.
Laws are cultural
and social norms
that are policed
by the state. If
you’re found to
have broken a
law, you could be
fined or even go
to jail.
Examples:
Commonly, a society
will pass laws
related to violence
against others, theft,
and damage to
property.
Similari
ties
between
ethics
and laws
Similarities between ethics and laws:

In general, laws are made based on moral

values of a particular society. They
describe the basic behavior of human
beings. In another word, laws represent
the minimum standards of human
behaviors, that is, ethical behavior.
members of a well-regulated society.
❑ both laws and ethics are systems which
maintain a set of moral values and
prevent people from violating them. They
both provide people guidelines of what
may do or what may not do in certain
situations. In a word, they exist in a
purpose of making people benefit from
being members of a well-regulated
society.
Differences between ethics and laws:

❑ Ethics comes from people’s awareness

of what is right and what is wrong

❑ while Laws are written and approved by

governments
It means that ethics may vary from people
to people because different people may
have different opinions on a certain issue,
but laws describe clearly what is illegal no
matter how people arguing.
❑ To some extent, ethics is not well
defined but laws are defined and
precise.
How Law and Ethics are related?
❑ Ethical values and legal principles are
usually closely related, but ethical
obligations typically exceed legal duties.

❑ In some cases, the law mandates ethical

conduct. Examples of the application of
law or policy to ethics include
employment law, federal regulations,
and codes of ethics.
 Law and Ethics

❑ Is it possible to have
ethics with out law/s?