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Atlas Copco Craelius Bits
Atlas Copco Craelius Bits
Atlas Copco Craelius Bits
Atlas Copco Craelius, a division of the Atlas Copco Group, has been actively involved in the diamond
drilling industry since 1886. With over 100 years of combined experience, the company today occupies
a leading position among the manufacturers and suppliers of advanced diamond drilling equipment.
General Information
Page Page
Core Bits for Conventional core barrels Core bits for other makes of core barrels
46, A TT, TT48. . . . . . . . . . . . 17 46, 56 Hagby, AQ . . . . . . . . . . 40
56, B TT, TT60. . . . . . . . . . . . 18 A, B, N QTK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
46, 56, 66 T2 . . . . . . . . . . 19, 20, 21 A, B AW34, BW44, LKT60 . 42
76, 86, 101, N T2, TNW . . . . . . . . 22, 23
46, 56, 66, 76 B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 25 Non-coring bits
86, 101 B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
46, 56, 66, 76 Surface set (Diamy) bits 43
116, 131, 146 B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
PDC set (DIAPAX) bits 43
78, 86, 101, 116 T6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 29
131, 146 T6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Rod shoe bits for wireline rods
101, 116 T6S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
131, 146 T6S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 B, N, H, P K/Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Core bits for wire line core barrels Casing shoe bits
A, B AGM, BGM, CORAC A/B2 . . . . . . 33 56, 66, 76, 86 Cr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
N NGM, NQ2”, CORAC N2 . . . . . . . 34 101, 116, 131, 146 Cr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
B BK, BQ, BK3/BQ3, CORAC B . . . . 35 A, B, N, H, P, S W, WG . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
N NK, NQ, NK3/NQ3, CORAC N/N3 . 36
Bit record chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
H HK, HQ, HK3/HQ3, CORAC H/H3 . 37
Super Cutter Rock Group standard with
P PG/PQ, PG3/PQ3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
crossover chart and old matrices . . . . . . . 46
S S GEOBOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Conversion factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Bit selection chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Designs and product range are subject to alteration without prior notice.
2
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Impregnated bits
Diamonds
Only synthetic diamonds except for gauge stones are used in
the manufacture of Atlas Copco impregnated bits. The
constancy of shape, granular size, and strength make synthetic
diamonds better than natural stones.
The diamonds are carefully selected according to quality and
size for the application. Through advanced manufacturing
technology an extensive range of drilling requirements can be
satisfied.
Continuous control of the processes at each step in the
manufacturing ensures that all bits are of identical quality. This
consistent high quality means more drill metres per bit.
Matrix range
Matrix type Label Application
KS (S++) Gold A soft matrix, for hard and very hard polishing rock
Increasing matrix hardness
KM Black A medium hard matrix for hard - medium hard Polishing rock
KX Orange A medium hard matrix for hard - medium hard Polishing and mixed
3
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Impregnated bits
High penetration x x x x x x x x
Moderate penetration x x x x x x x x x
Crown height
Standard impregnated drill bits are available with
different matrix heights:
Low and standard height is used for conventional bits where bit
life does not effect the number of round trips and when large
wear of the bit diameter is anticipated (when extra high matrix
cannot be fully utilized).
W profile For wire line bits Extra or Super matrix height is generally
recommended.
Profiles
Most impregnated bits have W-profile and some flat profile
Flat profile
4
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Surface set bits
Diamond quality
The standard range of natural diamonds for surface set bits is
chosen in a high quality all-round grade:
S Special quality. Selected and processed diamonds with a
highly polished surface. These stones have a high impact
resistance and may be considered as an universal type. Semi-round
Recommended for soft to medium hard formations.
Diamond sizes
(spc - stones per carat)
As a general rule; the softer formation, the larger the diamonds
used i.e. 20 to 25 spc.
In hard formation, smaller diamonds 30/50 spc are typical.
Profiles
Surface set drill bits are available in different profiles to obtain
optimal drilling performance.
There are three standard profiles for core bits i.e. semi-round,
multi-step or face-discharge types
Surface set non-coring bits have a conical profile.
5
Craelius Exploration Core Bits TC bits
TC CORBORIT® bits
CORBORIT® is another type of tungsten carbide bits
manufactured of crushed carbide chips with a granular size of
2-5 mm, mixed with a special alloy.
CORBORIT® bits have considerably more cutting edges than
standard TC bits and are recommended in medium to medium
hard sedimentary formations.
CORBORIT® bits cause less vibration and offer better core
recovery than standard TC bits.
CORBORIT®
All TC bits can be used in clean-out operations, e.g. for the
removal of steel fragments from a drill hole.
6
Craelius Exploration Core Bits PDC bits
DIAPAX
Bits with brazed round PDC inserts.
DIAPAX
TRIPAX
Bits with brazed cubic or triangular PDC inserts embedded in TRIPAX
the matrix. Bits with cubic inserts available with sawtooth
profile.
TRIPAX
CORBORIT®
7
Craelius Reaming shells and casing shoe bits
Reaming shells
Reaming shells are placed behind the drill bit on the core barrel
to maintain the correct hole diameter and stabilize the core
barrel.
A reaming shell has to be replaced when its diameter
becomes less than the diameter of the new bit. In this way only
the very last part of the hole has to be reamed when a new bit
is inserted. A reaming shell also helps to stabilize the core
barrel. Reaming shells are available for all types of core barrels
and drill bits.
8
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Bit profiles
Semi-round profile
Profile for high penetration rate. Lower carat weight than other profiles. Standard profile for
surface set thin kerf drill bits.
W profile
Standard profile for most impregnated bits.
Flat profile
Profile for some impregnated bits.
Concave profile
Profile only for non-coring bits.
9
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Letter Codes
Written example:
1. Core bit, surface set, 146T6S, SPC 20/25, Quality S, Face discharge.
Short: CBT DMY 146T6S 20/25 S FD.
2. Core bit, impregnated, 46TT, Matrix SC5, Standard high.
Short: CBT DBT 46TT SC5/2.
3. Core bit, impregnated, BGM, Matrix KM, extra high.
Short: CBT DBT BGM KM/3.
10
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Recommendations
Drilling recommendations
To recommend a suitable bit for a given situation Using impregnated bits
some important facts calls for experience plus Keep a constant penetration rate. When
consideration of: penetration drops, immediately increase weight
• Geology on bit to maintain a constant penetration rate
(This is automatically done on the DIAMEC
• Type and size of core barrel APC drill.
• Flushing media
The bit sticker shows drilling parameters and
Drilling parameters such as: information about max. weight. This is a max.
• RPM Revolution per minute (rev/min) weight only for the drill bit itself. It is normally
much higher than the max. weight allowed to
• ROP Rate of penetration avoid damage to the core barrel system or hole
• RPI/RPC Revolution per inch/centimeter deviation. Occasionally the max. weight may be
• WOB weight on bit applied for a short time to sharpen the bit or to
Flushing drill through a section of very hard rock.
Excessively high bit pressure will only result in
First choice abnormally high wear of the bit. At the same
Impregnated or surface set bits. time, too low weight on bit will polish the
Generally an impregnated bit is the best solution diamonds and the bit will loose its self-
due to better life and performance. However for sharpening ability.
very soft formation or if the drill rig has too low
rotation speed for impregnated bits, a surface set ROP - Penetration rate
bit should be the best solution. Penetration rate is a very important drilling
When choosing an impregnated bit study the parameter especially for impregnated bits.
available matrix range, bit selection chart and It should be kept as high as possible for most bit
other recommendations. types.
If it is high, the bit always has better
All impregnated bits have a sticker with written
possibilities to be kept sharp (impregnated bits)
instructions about how to run the bit. This,
“Keep the bit cutting”. Never let the bit polish!
together with the experience of the driller, will
make it easy to choose the right bit for the job. However with too high penetration rate the bit
will be sharpened too much and get an excessive
wear. Always try to keep a constant penetration
rate and regulate bit weight according to that (this
WOB - Weight on bit is automatically done on the DIAMEC APC drill.
Suitable WOB is difficult to recommend With high ROP always keep a high flush on the
and depends on bit type, formation, RPM, ROP, bit.
flushing and condition of the drill bit front (sharp
or polished). The ROP depends o factors such as:
WOB for the chosen ROP is however a very • Dimension and bit type
important indication about actual drilling • Type of machine
conditions. For both surface set and impregnated • Possible RPM range of the machine
bits using a too high WOB can cause problems
such as:
• Formation
• Hole depth
• Excessive wear on the bit
• Hole deviation
• Hole deviation
• Flushing
• Damage or wear on core barrel or drill rods
Recommended ROP for each type of
impregnated bit is on the bit sticker.
11
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Recommendations
Revolutions
per minute (RPM)
Impregnated
TRIPAX
Surface set
DIAPAX
CORBORIT®
TC-bit
12
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Recommendations
Flushing
Particularly for impregnated bits, bit performance is strongly dependent on water flushing. The flushing has three
purposes: Cooling the bit, lubricating the bit and drill string and lift up the cuttings. Some bit types need a lot of
water to perform well, others do not. For most bit types a reduced amount of water sharpens the bit and reduces
bit life, while a lot of water can polish the bit but increase the bit life. This is most valid in hard and polishing rock.
Suitable amount of water for each bit type is stated on the sticker for drilling parameters.
The required lifting capacity depends on the diameter of the hole and drill rods used. The water volume can be
calculated in the diagram below.
Always use the higher volume of the two values, from the diagram and that recommended on the sticker of the
drill bit. It is essential to use an accurate flow meter.
CORAC H, HK, HQ
N/NW
40 56/42
Flow rate in litres per minute (l/min)
B/AW
66/50
H/HW
60
101/HW
PG, PQ, S GEOBOR (*)
66/42
80 N/BW
S GEOBOR (#)
76/50
100
N/AW
76/42
120
140 66/50
H/NW
116/HW
160 86/42
101/NW
180
H/BW
200
116/NW
131/HW
131/NW
Example: A 76 mm diameter hole is to be drilled, the drill
146/HW
rod diameter is 50 mm and the desired flushing water velocity
is 40 cm/s. Find the line for the 76 mm hole/50 mm drill rod;
then find the velocity 40 cm/s on the curve’s X-axis. Follow the line 76/50 until
it bisects the 40 cm/s line, then follow a horizontal line to the left line and 146/NW
read off the water volume = 63 l/min.
(*) GEOBOR Method I Water velocities and water quantities for
(#) GEOBOR Methods II, III. various hole diameters/rod diameters
13
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Recommendations
Bit Sticker
CRAELIUS diamond drill bit
Bit outer diam. Bit O.D. 46-48(A)
Matrix SC10
Each bit has a sticker showing Matrix Rev/min 1200-1800 (Higher rpm for higher penetr. rate)
Penetration rate 10-25 cm/min (4-10 in/min)
recommended Drilling parameters Formation Water flow Min 20 l /min (Sharpens at 10 l/min)
rev/min Max weight on bit (WOB) 22 kN (5000 lb)
The sticker can be removed and placed Penetration rate
Rock Group (10)
Remark
Extremely hard and polishing rock
10 l/min water shortly to sharpen the bit
on, for example the control panel of the Water flow
drill for easy access to recommended
Max. weight on bit
drilling parameters such as rev/min,
penetration rate etc.
Sticker with recommended Drilling parameters
14
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Core bit data
Core barrel
Size Design Hole diameter Core diameter Hole area Core area Cutting area
mm in mm in cm2 in2 cm2 in2 % of hole area
N Q3,CORAC 75.6 2.98 45.1 1.77 45.0 6.96 15.9 2.47 64.6
H Q3,CORAC 96.1 3.78 61.1 2.41 72.8 11.29 29.3 4.5 59.7
P Q,G 122.7 4.81 85.0 3.34 117.2 18.24 56.7 8.76 51.6
S GEOBOR 146.0 5.75 102.0 4.05 167.3 26.03 81.7 12.7 51.7
GEOBOR 150.0* 5.91 102.0 4.02 176.6 27.3 81.7 12.7 53.7
15
Craelius Exploration Core Bits Core bit data
Core barrel
Size Design Hole diameter Core diameter Hole area Core area Cutting area
mm in mm in cm2 in2 cm2 in2 % of hole area
101 T2 101.5 3.99 83.7 3.3 80.6 12.5 55.0 8.53 31.8
116 T6 116.5 4.58 93.0 3.66 106.2 16.47 67.9 10.53 36.1
131 T6 131.5 5.17 108.0 4.25 135.4 20.99 91.6 14.2 32.3
146 T6 146.5 5.76 123.0 4.84 168.1 26.06 118.8 18.42 29.3
16
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 46, 48 TT
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 46 TT
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 46 TT
Size Design Type Product Number
A 48TT Medium hard - hard, Abrasive + mixed SC6-8/3 8CF 3702 6870 00
A 48TT Medium soft, Abrasive, Highly fractured SC4-5/3 6CF 3702 6232 00
Reaming shells 48 TT
Size Design Type Product Number
17
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 56, 60 TT
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 56 TT
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 56 TT
Size Design Type Product Number
18
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 46 T2
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 46 T2
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 46 T2
Size Design Type Product Number
19
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 56 T2
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 56 T2
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 56 T2
Size Design Type Product Number
20
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 66 T2
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 66 T2
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 66 T2
Size Design Type Product Number
21
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 76, 86 T2
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 76 T2
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 76 T2
Size Design Type Product Number
Reaming shells 86 T2
Size Design Type Product Number
22
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 101 T2, TNW
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 101 T2
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
23
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 46, 56 B
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 46 B
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 46 B
Size Design Type Product Number
Reaming shells 56 B
Size Design Type Product Number
24
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 66, 76 B
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 66 B
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 66 B
Size Design Type Product Number
Reaming shells 76 B
Size Design Type Product Number
25
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 86, 101 B
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 86 B
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 66 B
Size Design Type Product Number
26
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 116, 131, 146 B
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 116 B
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
27
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 76, 86 T6
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 76 T6
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
Reaming shells 76 T6
Size Design Type Product Number
Reaming shells 86 T6
Size Design Type Product Number
28
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 101, 116 T6
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 101 T6
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
101 T6 Medium soft, Abrasive, Highly fractured SC4-5/2 10CF 3702 6652 00
116 T6 Hard - Very hard, Slightly abrasive SC8-9/2 14CF 3702 6913 00
29
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 131, 146 T6
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 131 T6
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
30
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 101, 116 T6S
Surface set (DIAMY®) bits 101 T6S
Size Design Rock formation Diamond size/Quality Waterways Product Number
31
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 131, 146 T6S
Surface set (DIAMY®) bits 131 T6S
Size Design Rock formation Diamond size/Quality Water ways Product Number
32
Craelius Exploration Core Bits ATW, (AGM), CORAC A, BTW(BGM), CORAC B2
A GM, CORAC Extremely hard, Non abrasive SC10/4 8ECF 3702 6902 00
A GM, CORAC Hard - Very hard, Polishing KS (S++)/4 8CF 8370 2300 27
A GM, CORAC Hard - Very hard, Slightly abrasive SC8-9/4 8CF 3702 6921 00
A GM, CORAC Medium hard - hard, Polishing + mixed KX/3 8ECF 8370 2300 09
A GM, CORAC Medium hard - hard, abrasive + mixed SC6-8/4 8CF 3702 6901 00
B/B2 GM, CORAC Extremely hard, Non abrasive SC10/4 10ECF 3702 6741 00
B/B2 GM, CORAC Hard - Very hard, Slightly abrasive SC8-9/4 10CF 3702 6387 00
B/B2 GM, CORAC Hard - Very hard, Polishing KS (S++)/4 10CF 8370 2300 28
B/B2 GM, CORAC Hard - Medium hard polishing KM/3 8CF 8370 2101 40
B/B2 GM, CORAC Medium hard - hard, abrasive + mixed SC6-8/4 10CF 3702 6825 00
B/B2 GM, CORAC Medium hard - hard, Polishing + mixed KX/3 10ECF 8370 2300 10
B/B2 GM, CORAC Medium soft, Abrasive, Fractured SC5/3 10CF 8370 2115 80
33
Craelius Exploration Core Bits NGM, NQ2”, CORAC N2
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits NGM
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
N2 Q,CORAC Hard - Very hard, slightly abrasive SC8-9/3 10CF 3702 6592 00
N2 Q,CORAC Hard - Very hard, slightly abrasive SC8-9/4 10CF 3702 6592 00
N2 Q,CORAC Medium hard - hard abrasive + mixed SC6-8/4 10CF 3902 6923 00
N2 Q,CORAC Medium hard - hard, Polishing + mixed KX/3 8ECF 3702 6219 00
34
Craelius Exploration Core Bits BK, BQ, CORAC B
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits BK, BQ, CORAC B
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
B K, Q, CORAC Hard - Very hard, Slightly abrasive SC8-9/4 8CF 3702 6351 00
B K, Q, CORAC Medium hard - hard, abrasive + mixed SC6-8/4 8CF 3702 6824 00
B K, Q, CORAC Medium hard - hard, Polishing + mixed KX/3 8ECF 8370 2300 06
B K, Q, CORAC Medium soft, Abrasive, Highly fractured SC4-5/3 6CF 3702 6792 00
35
Craelius Exploration Core Bits NK, NQ, NK3, NQ3, CORAC N, N3
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits NK, NQ, CORAC N
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
N K, Q, CORAC Hard - Very hard, Slightly abrasive SC8-9/4 10CF 3702 6388 00
N K, Q, CORAC Medium hard - hard, Abrasive + mixed SC6-8/4 10CF 3702 6839 00
N K, Q, CORAC Medium hard - hard, Polishing + mixed KX/3 10CF 8370 2300 07
N3 K, Q, CORAC Hard - Very hard, Slightly abrasive SC8-9/4 10CF 3702 6593 00
N3/50 CORAC Extremely hard, Non abrasive SC10/4 Scallop 3702 6727 00
N3/50 CORAC Hard - Very hard, Polishing KS(S++)/4 Scallop 3702 6707 00
36
Craelius Exploration Core Bits HK, HQ , HK3, HQ3, CORAC H, H3
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits HK, HQ, CORAC H
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
H K, Q, CORAC Hard and very hard polishing KS (S++)/4 12CF 8370 2300 26
H K, Q, CORAC Hard and very hard polishing KS (S++)/3 12CF 8370 2300 32
H K, Q, CORAC Hard and very hard polishing SC8-9/4 12CF 3702 6404 00
H3 K, Q, CORAC Hard - Very hard, Slightly abrasive SC8-9/3 7CF 3702 6613 00
37
Craelius Exploration Core Bits PG, PQ, PG3, PQ3
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits PG/PQ
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
38
Craelius Exploration Core Bits S GEOBOR
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits S GEOBOR
Size Design Method Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
S GEOBOR 1 Medium hard - hard, Polishing + mixed KX/2 12FD 8370 2300 12
S GEOBOR 1 Medium soft, Abrasive, Highly fractured SC4-5/2 10FD 3740 4007 61
39
Craelius Exploration Core Bits 46, 56 Hagby, AQ
Core bits for other makes of core barrels
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits 46 Hagby
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
46 Hagby Hard - Very hard, Slightly abrasive SC8-9/4 8ECF 3702 6908 00
46 Hagby Medium hard - hard, Abrasive + mixed SC6-8/4 8CF 3702 6788 00
Reaming shells
Size Design Type Product Number
40
Craelius Exploration Core Bits AQTK, BQTK
Core bits for other makes of core barrels
41
Craelius Exploration Core Bits AW34, BW44, LTK60
Core bits for other makes of core barrels
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits AW34
Size Design Rock formation Matrix type/Height Waterways Product Number
B BW44 Medium hard - hard, Polishing + mixed KX/3 8ECF 3702 6415 00
B LTK 60 Medium hard - hard, Polishing + mixed KX/3 8ECF 3702 6326 00
42
Craelius Non-Coring Bits 46 - 76
Surface set (DIAMY®) bits 46-76
Size Conn. box Rock formation Diamond size/Quality Profile Product Number
Stabilzer to be used with bits and core lifter for single tube drilling with wireline rods
Size Rod conn. ID(mm) Matrix type/Height Product Number
43
Craelius Casing Shoe Bits
Impregnated (DIABORIT®) bits
Size Design Matrix type/ Waterways Product Number
44
BIT RECORD CHART
(Test report)
Bit length: ........................ Core barrel: ..................... Drill site: ............................... Machine: ..............................
Date From To Core Total RPM Flushing W.O.B. Drilling Penetration No. of Bit Bit Bit Wear Remark/Formation/Rock
length time rate sharpening length OD ID
45
CLASSIFICATION OF SUPER CUTTERS
CRAELIUS new Rock Group standard for SC bits based on geology
Metamorphosed granitic
Very hard
9 Slightly abrasive
Very competent
rock and quartz rich gneiss.
Quartz and feldspar rich
sedimentary rock.
10 Non abrasive
Fine grained
Very competent
Quartzite.
Highly metamorphosed
acid volcanic.
Comparison chart of the new Rock Group standard with Craelius old matrices names
Old matrices HH, KH KH, KX KH, HM, KM, KX HM, KM, KX KX, KS(S++) KS(S++) KS(S++), KS(SS)
46
Conversion factors
This unit Times Equals This unit Times Equals
Power Speed
kW (kilowatts) x 1000 =W km/h (kilometres/hour) x 0.2777 = m/s
Horsepower, metric x 735.5 =W m/s x 3.6 = km/h
Horsepower, U.K. x 745.7 =W mph (miles/hour) x 0.45 = m/s
ft.lbf/sec x 1.36 =W mph x 1.61 = km/h
Btu/h x 0.29 =W ft/s (foot/second) x 0.3048 = m/s
ft/s /foot/second) x 18.29 = ft/min
ft/min (foot/minute) x 0.3048 = m/min
Volume
l (litres) x 0.001 = m3
ml (millilitres) x 0.001 =l Frequency
dm3 (cubic decimetres) x 1.0 =l blows/minute x 0.017 = Hz
cm3 (cubic centimetres) x 1.0 = ml kHz (kiloHertz) x 1000 = Hz
mm3 (cubic millimetres)x 0.001 = ml r/min (rev./minute) x 0.01667 = r/s
in3 (cubic inches) x 16.39 = ml degrees/second x 0.1667 = r/min
ft3 (cubic feet) x 28.316 =l radians/second x 0.1592 = r/s
Imperial gallon x 4.546 =l
U.S. gallon x 3.785 =l
Ounces (Imp. fluid oz) x 28.41 = ml
Pressure
Ounces (U.S. fluid oz) x 29.57 = ml
Pints (U.S. lig.) x 0.4732 =l bar x 100 = kPa
Quarts (U.S. liq) x 0.9463 =l bar x 100 000 = Pa
yd3 (cubic yards) x 0.7646 = m3 kp/cm2 x 0.98 = bar
atm (atmospheres) x 1.01 = bar
psi (pounds/in2) x 6.895 = kPa
psi x 0.06895 = bar
Force
kN (kilonewton) x 1000 =N
kp (kilopond) x 9.81 =N
Area
kgf (kilogramme force) x 9.81 =N
lbf (pound force) x 4.45 =N mm2 (square mm) x 0.000001 = m2
cm2 (square cm) x 0.0001 = m2
in2 (square inches) x 645 = mm2
Torque ft2 (square feet) x 0.929 = m2
kpm (kilopondmetres) x 9.81 = Nm yd2 (square yards) x 0.8361 = m2
lbf in (poundforce/inch) x 0.11 = Nm Acres x 4047 = m2
lbf ft (poundforce/foot) x 1.36 = Nm Square miles x 2.590 = km2
47
Atlas Copco
Craelius Bit Bit Selection
selection ChartChart
Rock Rock description Approx. hardness TCP PDC Surface set Impregnated bits, Matrix type REAMING
group of rock bits, SPC SHELLS
CORBORIT®
Surface set
KS (M20D)
TC insert
TC insert
KS (S++)
DIAPAX
TRIPAX
20/25
30/50
HM
KM
KH
KX
KS
Clay
Soft shale
Chalk Soft rock
1 Soft limestone
Gypsum
Volcanic tuff
Sand
Loose sandstone
Shale
2 Hard shale
Salt
Soft or medium
(mixed rock)
Frozen soil
Ice
Medium hard limestone
Soft sandstone
Sandy shale Medium
Shale hard, non
3 Calystone
Sandy limestone
abrasive
rock
Soft schist
4 Alluvial deposits
Calcitic limestone
hard
abrasive
Hard shale rock
Medium hard limestone
2004-05 S-Tryck AB
Hard limestone Hard
5 Serpentine
Schist
slightly
abrasive
Dolomitic limestone rock
6 Syenite
Peridotite
Hard, non
abrasive
Andesite rock
Diabase
Pegmatite
Hematite
Magnetite
Metamorphic schist
Gneiss
Amphibolite
Granite
Leptite
7 Basalt
Diorite
Very hard rock
Gabbro
Porphyry
Rhyolite
6991 0352 01d
Trachyte
Conglomerate
Taconite
8 Abrasive sandstone
Abrasive quartzite
Ultra hard rock
Designs and product range are subject to alteration without prior notice.