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Introduction to Pathology
Introduction to Pathology Course
Dr. Sadequel Islam Talukder
MBBS, M Phil (Pathology), MACP (USA)
April 24, 2021 www.talukderbd.com
Subject
• Pathos means suffering and logos means study.
Literally, Pathology is the study of suffering.
• Pathology is the bridging discipline between basic
science and clinical practice.
• Pathology deals with the structural and functional
changes in the cells, tissues and organs that underlie
diseases.
• Pathology attempts to explain the “whys” and
“wherefore” of the signs and symptoms manifested
by the patients by the use of molecular,
microbiologic, immunologic and morphologic
techniques.
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Branches of Pathology General Pathology

Traditionally, the study of pathology is divided General pathology is concerned with basic
into reactions of cells and tissue to abnormal
• General pathology and stimuli that underlie all diseases.
• Systemic pathology Systemic Pathology
Systemic pathology or special pathology deals with
the specific responses of specialised organs and
tissue to more or less well defined stimuli.

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Academic Terms for 1 Year Pathology

Divisions of Pathology Subjects
Course
• General Pathology • 1st term for 6 months for
• Haematology – General Pathology
• Systemic Pathology – Haematology

• Clinical and Chemical Pathology • 2nd term for 6 months for

– Systemic Pathology
– Clinical and Chemical Pathology

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Books on Pathology Subjects Lecture Handout Dr. S I Talukder

• *Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Latest Edition – Kumar,
Abbas, Fausto, Aster • Photocopy Shops
• *Practical Pathology and Microbiology, Latest edition– Professor K A
Khaleque • Website www.talukderbd.com
• *A Short Text Book of Pathology – Professor Tahminur Rahman
• *de Gruchy’s Clinical Haematology in Medical practice, Latest edition –
Frank Firkin
• A Text Book of Haematology – Dr. Mainuddin Ahmed
• Clinical Pathology, A Practical Manual, 2nd edition – Sabitri Sanyal
• *Talukder’s Colour Drawings of Common Pathology Slides – S I Talukder
• Colour Atlas of Histopathology – R C Ciurran

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Objective of Human
Doctors are More Than Human
Life for Life
Human for Human Usually a healthy man does not come to doctor

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Objective of Medical Students Role of Medical Teachers

To be a good doctor As enzyme

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Learning Teaching Pathology to

Undergraduate Medical Students
• Domains of learning • Goal:
Knowledge – To provide comprehensive knowledge of cause
Skill and mechanism of disease, in order to enable
Attitude them to achieve complete understanding of the
clinical manifestation and natural history of the
disease.

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Departmental Objectives • Interpret laboratory results and understand

After completion of pathology course, undergraduate medical students will be able their implication
to:
• Demonstrate knowledge about the use of
• Explain basic mechanism of the disease: histopathology, Fine Needle Aspiration
etiology, pathogenesis, morphologic changes Cytology (FNAC), Cytological examination, Pap
with emphasis on common diseases prevalent smear, Frozen section and
in Bangladesh
immunohistochemistry.
• Co-relate between clinical findings and
pathological changes. • Develop attitude for further learning of the
• Chalk out simple investigation plan for subject
diagnosis and follow up of the disease.
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• Develop skills to perform

List of Competencies to Aquire
– TC, DC, Eosinophil count, Estimation of Hb% and
1. Writing histopathological requisition form
ESR.
– Semen analysis 2. Preservation of surgical specimens
– Routine examination (R/E) of urine 3. Sending of surgical specimen to nearby
– Microscopic examination of body fluids histopathology labs
– CSF examination 4. Collection of Pap Smear and collection of
– Writing requisition form for histopathological and FNAC sample from superficial mass lesions
cytopathological examination. 5. Preservation of cytopathological smears

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6. Sending of cytopathological smears from any

areas to nearby labs
7. Preservation of surgical specimens for
immunohistochemistry and immunoflorescence 12.Performing semen analysis
8. Writing requisition form for 13.Performing microscopic examination of CSF
immunohistochemistry and immunoflorescence
examination 14.Interpretation of pathology reports and data
9. Determination of Hb%, ESR, TC & DC of WBC, 15.Writing advice for pathological examinations
Total eosinophil count, BT & CT, preparation of
blood film and comment on PBF
10.Performing routine urine examination at health
complexes
11.Handling and maintenance of microscope

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Distribution of Teaching-learning hours and days Teaching – Learning Methods

• Total teaching hours = 228 hours • Large group – Lecture
– Lectures = 100 hours
– Tutorials = 100 hours • Small group – Tutorial
– Practical = 28 hours • Self learning
• Days – Assignment
– Formative examination
• Preparatory leave = 10 days – Self study
• Exam time = 15 days
• Others – integrated teaching
– Summative exam
• Preparatory leave = 10 days
• Exam time = 20 days

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Teaching Aids In course evaluation

• Computer and multimedia • Item
• Chalk and board
• White board and markers
examination
• OHP • Card final
• Slide projector (written)
• Flip chart
• Models
• Term final
• Specimens (written, oral + practical)
• Projector
• Study guide & manuals

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3rd Professional Examination Related Equipments

• Total mark = 300 • Bino-ocular and teaching • Water bath
microscope • Cell counter
– Written =100 (MCQ 20 + SAQ 70 + Formative • Microscope with • Autoclave
assessment marks 10) projection • Computer
• Centrifuge machine
– Structured oral examination (SOE) = 100 • Electrolyte and gas
• Colorimeter analyzer
– Practical and OSPE = 100 • Spectophotometer • ELISA reader
• Auto-analyzer • Haemocytmeter
• Incubator • Haemometer
• Balance • Westergren ESR tube
• ESR stand

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Course Contents Class Performance Records

• Group A – General Pathology • Card I
• Group B – Haematology A. General Pathology
• Group C – Systemic Pathology B. Systemic Pathology (I)

• Group D – Clinical and Chemical Pathology • Card II

A. Systemic Pathology (II)
B. Clinical and Chemical Pathology

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Eligibility for appearing in the 3rd

Rule (e) for Professional Examination
• To appear 3rd professional examination
students have to pass all the subjects of
previous 2nd professional examination if all
other prerequisites are fulfilled.
• In the mean time students can attend clinical
ward placement, teaching learning.
• Students can also attend the classes of
subjects of 4th phase.
Professional Examination
• Certificate from head of the department of
pathology regarding student obtaining at least
75% attendance in all classes (theory,
practical, tutorial)
• Obtaining at least 60% marks in examination
• No student should allowed to appear in the
professional examination unless the student
passes in all subjects of the previous
professional examinations

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Pass Marks Thank You

I wish you every success
• Pass mark is 60%
• Students shall have to pass written (MCQ +
SAQ + formative), oral and practical
examination separately.

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