Search...

Search Upload  Log in 


Download presentation

ini Street
Rimini Street
We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to
download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social Custom

Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table
system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!
Support

Buttons:
 Atoms tend to be more stable if they have 8 valence electrons. Costs?
 The only column in the Periodic Table with 8 valence electrons is Rimini Street
family # 18.  They are the most stable elements in the Periodic
8
Table.  This is the reason to explain why they don’t perform
chemical bond with any element. Cancel Download
 Family # 18 is nonreactive or stable.
 He (Helium) is an exception, because it has only 2 valence
electrons and it stable or non reactive element. It is part of the
Family 18.
 Another exception is H (Hydrogen), need only two valence
electron to be stable.  Actually, it has only one valence electron.
Need only one more to complete it stability or nonreactive state.

Learn More

7 / 44

Fisher's House - San Pedro

Nos renovamos para ti
Descubre la experiencia de Fisher’s House en Punto Valle

Datos de la tienda Cómo llegar

Similar presentations
Atoms and Bonding Chapter 4 Unit – Introduction to  198


the chemistry
Published by Ella Lindsey Modified over 6 years ago

 Embed  Download presentation

 
Download presentation
Presentation on theme: "Atoms and Bonding Chapter 4 Unit – Introduction to the
chemistry"— Presentation transcript:We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to
download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social
system. Shareand
1 Atoms buttons are aChapter
Bonding little bit lower.
4 UnitThank you!
– Introduction
to the chemistry
Buttons:
Physical Science Mrs. N. Castro

2 All the vocabulary words. 8

Homework
Work chapter’s vocabulary words in your home.
Remember, as always, do it in the index cards.
Cancel Download
Front part – the vocabulary word.
Back part – vocabulary word definition.
Bring all the index card with a rubber band for tomorrow.
Value – 10 points.
All the vocabulary words.

3 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table

Read pages 125 to 127.
Answer the following:
What is compound?
How the elements are combined?
What is chemical bond?
Which particle from the atom can form chemical bond?
Compound – Substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio or
proportion.
The elements are combined using a chemical bond.
Chemical bond – force of attraction that holds atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of the
electrons between them.
Electrons

4 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table

Is there all electrons in the same energy levels?
Which electrons can form chemical bond, all of them or any specific?
In which energy level we can find the valence electrons?
What determines the valence electrons in each atoms?
No
Valence electrons
In the higher energy level with the higher amount of energy.
They determines the chemical property, to whom the atom will establish a chemical bond and how
will be.

5 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table

Group or Family number
Valence electrons
Chemical bond
1 2 13 3 14 4 15 5 16 6 17 7 18 8
Which is the maximum of chemical bonds that the atom can do?
Which family is able to perform the maximum chemical bond?
Which is the minimum?
Note: Families 3 to 12 will be study in future grades.

6 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table

How the valence electrons can help me to determines the quantity of chemical bonds the atom can
perform?
Using the electron dot diagram or Lewis diagram.
To perform electron dot diagram:
Write the element symbol.
Surround the symbol by dots. 
Each dot mean one valence electron. Download presentation
Maximum numbers of dots – 8
Maximum dots per side – 2
Side - 4 We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to
download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social
system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!
7 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Buttons:
Table
Atoms tend to be more stable if they have 8 valence electrons.
The only column in the Periodic Table with 8 valence electrons is family # 18. They are the most stable
elements in the Periodic Table. This is the reason to explain why they don’t perform chemical bond
with any element. 8
Family # 18 is nonreactive or stable.
He (Helium) is an exception, because it has only 2 valence electrons and it stable or non reactive
element. It is part of the Family 18.
Cancel Download
Another exception is H (Hydrogen), need only two valence electron to be stable. Actually, it has only
one valence electron. Need only one more to complete it stability or nonreactive state.

8 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table

Let’s work with
Electron Dot Diagram.
Teacher will perform some
and you will perform more.

9 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table

Ways to forms atoms bonds:
Valence electrons may be transferred from one atom to another. One atom loose the valence
electron and the other gain it.
Atoms share valence electrons.
Depend on how the atom form the bond, it will be the chemical bond.
Types of chemical bonds;
Ionic bonds – metal with nonmetal
Covalent bonds – nonmetal with nonmetal
Metallic bonds – metal with metal

10 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table

Metal
React by loosing valence electrons.
Reactivity will depend on how easily its atoms loose valence electrons.
Nonmetals
React when they gain or share enough electrons to have 8 valence electrons (except H).
Nonmetals usually combine with metals by gaining electrons.
Nonmetals can also combine with other nonmetals and metalloids by sharing electrons.

11 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table

Metalloids
Can either lose or share electrons when they combine with other elements.
Hydrogen
Its has 1 valence electron – Family 1
Is nonmetal.
Properties very different from alkali metals.
Share its electron when form compound with other nonmetals to obtain a stable arrangement of 2
electrons.

12 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table

Practice
N
Element name?
Find the protons, electrons and neutrons.
Is N reactive or stable?
Mention two elements with properties similar to N. Explain why they are similar.
How many bonds N can performed? 
Download
With which elements, N will prefer to establish presentation
chemical bond? Why?

We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to

13 Atoms, bonding and the Periodic Table
download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social
More practice system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!
Perform all exercises
from your book, Buttons:
pages 125 to 129.
Include “Assess Your
Understanding”
8

14 Ionic Bonds
Lesson 2 Cancel Download
Pages 131 to 137

15 Ionic Bonds Metals atoms are likely to lose electrons.

To perform ionic bonds you need ions
ION is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge.
Example: Cl-, Na+
Types of ions: Fisher's House - San Pedro
Negative ion – when atom gain an electron.
Positive ion – when atom lose an electron.
Reserva en Fisher’s House
La mejor selección de mariscos y

Examples: pescados te están esperando

K = 1 valence electron, Family 1, lose the electron = K+
Br = 7 valence electrons, Family 17, gain 1 = Br _
Metals atoms are likely to lose electrons.
Nonmetals atoms likely to gain electrons.
Metal
Nonmetal Datos de la

Cómo llegar
tienda

16 Ionic Bonds Common Ions Monoatomic – ion made of one element

Example: K+
Polyatomic – ions made of more than one elements. Can be positive or negative charges.
Example: HCO3- = one Hydrogen, one Carbon and three Oxygen = one negative charge
See table on page 132.

17 Let see some examples of ionic bonds.

Ionic bond – is the attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
Ionic compound – resulting compound from ionic bond. The ionic compound always is neutral,
charge = 0. The total positive charge of all positive ions equals to total negative charge of all the
negative ions.
Let see some examples
of ionic bonds.

18 Ionic Bonds Video

19 Ionic Bonds – Formulas What is the different between this?

K , KBr , K+ , Br-
K = element symbol KBr = chemical formula
K+ = positive ion Br- = negative ion
Chemical formula - is a group of symbols that show the ratio of elements in a compound.
KBr – ratio = one K and one Br
MgCl2 – ratio = one Mg and two Cl
The formula tell you:
The elements that component the compound.
The ratio of each element in the compound (subscripts).
 20 Ionic Bonds – Formulas Rules:
To write the formula for compound, always write the positive charge first and then the negative 
Download presentation
charge.
Add subscripts that are needed to balance the charge. ONLY SUBSCRIPTS.
If no subscripts is written, its is understood
Wethat theyou
think subscript is 1. this presentation. If you wish to
have liked
Example: NaCl = no subscripts for both elements;
download means: onerecommend
it, please Na and one Cl. it to your friends in any social
Formulas for compounds off polyatomic ions system. Share buttons are away.
are written in a similar little bit lower. Thank you!

Buttons:
21 Ionic Bonds – Names Rules for ionic compounds:
The name of the positive charge comes first, followed by the name of the negative ion.
NaCl – Sodium chloride
MgBr – Magnesium bromide 8
The name of the positive ion is usually the name of a metal.
If the positive charge is a polyatomic ion, use the name of the polyatomic ion. NH4Br – Ammonium
chloride Cancel Download
If the negative ion is a single element, the end of its name changes to –ide. MgO – Magnesium oxide
If the negative ion is polyatomic, its name usually ends in –ate or – ite.
NH4NO3 – Ammonium nitrate.
NH4HCO3 –Ammonium bicarbonate

22 Ionic Bonds Exercises: Teacher exercises

Find the ratio of each element in the compound.
Write chemical formula for ionic's compounds.
Name ionic's compounds.
Complete exercises from pages 131 to 135.

23 Ionic Bonds Properties of ionic compounds: Hard. Brittle crystals.

Forms solids by building up repeating patterns of ions. This three dimensional arrangement is called
crystals.
High melting points
When dissolved in water or melted, they conduct electric current.
Attraction between ions is very strong, so it takes a lot of energy to break the bond.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they become ions again.
The charged particles carry electric current where the neutral ionic crystals do not.

24 Ionic Bonds Extra exercises:

A fluorine (F) ion has a charge of 1-. An aluminum (Al) ion has a charge of 3+.
Draw for both atom the electron dot diagram.
Explain how the F and Al would exchange valence electrons to form an ionic compound. Draw the
explanation first and then explain in your own words.
Write the compound’s chemical formula.
Name the compound.
A potassium ion has a charge of 1+. A sulfide ion has a charge of 2-. What is the chemical formula for
ionic compound and the name.
Name the following compound MgO
Perform exercises on pages 136 and 137.

25 Covalent Bonds
Lesson 3
Pages 138 to 145

26 Covalent Bonds It formed when 2 atoms share electrons.

Usually are between nonmetals atoms.
The attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in the nucleus of each atom hold the
atom together in a covalent bond.
The product of a covalent bond is called a molecule.
A molecule is a neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds.
 27 Covalent Bonds

Download presentation
28 Covalent Bonds Exercise: Draw the Lewis diagram for Bromine atom.
Draw the Lewis diagram for the Br2 molecule.
Perform exercise on page 139. We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to
download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social
system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!
29 Covalent Bonds
Buttons: bonds by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.
Atoms can form single, double and triple covalent
Double bond – 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electrons

8
30 Covalent Bonds
Triple bond – share 3 pairs of electrons.

Cancel Download
31 Covalent Bonds Identify the single, double and triple covalent bonds:
Draw the Lewis diagram for (CH3)2SO - dimethyl sulfoxide

32 Covalent Bonds
Solution
C H S O
Fam. 14 Fam.1 Fam.16 Fam.16

33 Covalent Bonds Properties:

Do not conduct electric current when melted or dissolved in water.
Lower melting point and boiling point.

34 Covalent Bonds
Sometimes, atoms of some elements pull more strongly on the shared electrons of a covalent bond
than do atoms of other elements. As a result, the electrons ser shared unequally.
Unequal sharing of electrons causes covalently bonded atoms to have slight electric charges.

35 Covalent Bonds Types of covalent bonds:

Non polar bond – a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally.
Example: H2

36 Covalent Bonds
Polar bonds – Covalent bonds in which electrons are share unequally. When electrons in a covalent
bond are shared unequally, the atom with the stronger pull gains a slightly negative charge. The atom
with the weaker pull gains a slightly positive charge.
Example: HF

37 Covalent Bonds video

38 Bonding in Metals
Lesson 4
Pages

39 Bonding in metals
Metal atoms lose electrons easily because they do not hold their valence electrons very strongly.
The loosely held valence electrons in metal atoms result in a type of bonding that happens in metals.
Most metals are crystalline solids.
A metal crystal is composed of closely packed, positively charged ions.
Each metal ion is held in the crystal by a metallic bonds.
Metallic bonds is an attraction between a positive metal ion and electrons surrounding it.

40 Bonding in metals
Download presentation

Metallic bonds is formed an attraction within metal atoms.
Video ...\..\Clark-9805.Fig.4 (2).mov
Properties: We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to
Luster – When the light strikes these valence electrons,
download theyrecommend
it, please absorb the itlight andfriends
to your then re-emit the
in any social
light. system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!
Malleability and Ductility – The positive metal ions are attracted to the loose electrons all around
them rather than to other metal ions. These ions can be made to change position. However, the
Buttons:
metallic bonds between the ion and the surrounding electrons keep the metal ions from breaking
apart from one another.

8
41 Bonding in metals
Thermal conductivity – Metals conduct heat easily because the valence electrons within a metal are
free to move. Cancel Download
Electrical conductivity – Metals conduct electric current easily because the valence electrons in a
metal can move freely among the atoms.
Alloys – is a mixture made of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
Generally are stronger and less reactive than the pure metals from which they are made.
Example: stainless steel = iron +carbon + nickel + chromium
Gold jewelry = gold+ cooper + silver

42 Assess your understanding

All bondings

43 All Bondings
schweiz2.ch/Chemie/Simulationen%20Chemie/Bindung/Bi ndung%20Hundeanalogie.htm
Compare and contrast the following concepts:
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Metallic Bond
1. 2. 3. 4.

44 END
Complete
chapter review

Download ppt "Atoms and Bonding Chapter 4 Unit – Introduction to the chemistry"

 Similar presentations
 
Download presentation

We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to

download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social
system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!

Buttons:

Cancel Download
 Chemical Bonding  The chemical 1. How are the noble gases different from
properties of elements depend on an other groups of elements? a. Their atoms do
element’s electron configuration.  When the not react easily with other atoms. b. They are
highest occupied energy level of an atom. nonmetals. c. They. 
Download presentation

We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to

download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social
system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!

Buttons:

Cancel Download

© 2022 SlidePlayer.com Inc. Feedback Do Not Sell About project

All rights reserved.
Privacy Policy My Personal SlidePlayer
Feedback Information Terms of Service

Search... Search