LIGHT AND SHADOW 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS Pg. No TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pg. NoT

LIGHT, EMISSION AND

SHADOW
LIGHT AND SHADOWFORMATION
FORMATION

Prepared by : J.P. Nikil Lakshin

Grade : VII – D
School : Indian Public School
Submitted to : Annie Josephine. C
Submitted on : 04. 02. 2022
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Pg. No

1. Introduction 3
2. Light 3
3. Characteristics of Light 4
3.1 Reflection 4
3.2 Refraction 4
4. Rays and Beams 5
5. Classification of Object based on Light 5
5.1 Luminous Object 5
5.2 Non-Luminous Object 6
5.3 Difference between Luminous and Non-Luminous Object 7
5.4 Types of Non-Luminous Object 7
5.4.1 Opaque Objects 7
5.4.2 Translucent Objects 8
5.4.3 Transparent Objects 9
6. Shadow 9
7. Shadow Formation 10
8. Types of Shadow 10
8.1 Umbra 11
8.2 Penumbra 11
9. My Evidence on Shadow Formation 12
10. Conclusion 13
11. References 13
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1. INTRODUCTION

The purpose is to provide understanding of light by enabling them toexplore

how light interacts with different objects and to discover relationships between
light and shadow. It is explained in detail how light travels and appearance of a
shadow changes throughout the day.

Look at the things around you, what makes you see these things aside from
your eyes ? It is because of the Prescence of light. Light makes us see the things
around us.

2. LIGHT

Light is a form of energy that exists as an electromagnetic wave which we can

see, this means that it doesn’t medium. Light travels in a straight path through
vacuum. It behaves like a wave; thus, it also has a wavelength, frequency, and
amplitude. Light travels at a speed of 299,792,458 meters per second. Visible
light is emitted by excited atoms and molecules by very hot solids. Light exists
as rays and beams.

Fig: 2 Sources of Light

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3. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT

• Light travels in straight line

• Light can be reflected.

3.1 REFLECTION - Reflection is the turning or bouncing back of the light

from the surface it hits.

Fig 3. 1 Reflection of Light

• Light can be bent / refracted.

3.2 REFRACTION - Refraction is the bending of the light rays when it

travels from one medium to the other medium.
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Fig 3.2 Refraction of Light

4. RAYS AND BEAMS

Rays represents a single line of the light.

A beam is a stream of light and is shown by a number of rays.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF OBJECTS BASED ON LIGHT

5.1 LUMINOUS OBJECT

The Luminous objects are objects that can generate or emit light on its own.
These objects are responsible for vision, helps us in darkness.

Example - The sun is example of Natural source whereas the torch shines
because of the chemical energy stored in its batteries is converted into light
energy.
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Fig 5.1 Luminous Object

5. 2 NON-LUMINOUS OBJECTS

The Non-luminous objects are objects that cannot generate or emit light on its
own. We get to see non-luminous object because light gets reflected from their
surface.

Example - Moon and tree are natural and living non-luminous objects whereas
mirror is artificial non-luminous object.

Fig 5.2 Non-Luminous Object

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5.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LUMINOUS AND NON-LUMINOUS

OBJECT

Luminous Objects Non-Luminous Objects

Objects that can emit light energy
by themselves are known as
luminous objects.
These are objects are visible to our
eyes directly.
The sun is a non-living example.
The Glow worm is living example.
Objects that cannot emit light
energy by themselves are known as
non-luminous objects.
These objects are visible because
they reflect light.
The moon is a non-living example.
The tree is a living example.

Tab 5.3 Difference between Luminous and Nonluminous Object

5.4 TYPES OF NON-LUMINOUS OBJECTS

5.4.1 OPAQUE OBJECTS

Opaque objects are objects that doesn’t allow light pass through it. Lights that
fall on them are absorbed to some extent and the rest are reflected back.
Example – Wood, Brick and Plastic
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Fig 5.4.1 Opaque Objects

5.4.2 TRANSLUCENT OBJECTS

Translucent objects are objects that allow light pass partially through it. Lights
that fall on them are scattered that only some goes through it.

Example - Frozen glass

Fig 5.4.2 Translucent Objects

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5.4.3 TRANSPARENT OBJECTS

Transparent objects are objects that allows all the light to pass through it. Light
that falls on it, is passed through it.

Example – Car window and Glass

Fig 5.4.3 Transparent Objects

6. SHADOW

Shadow is nothing but just the blockage of light.

Fig 6. Shadow
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7. SHADOW FORMATION

A shadow forms when a light is not able to pass through or blockage of light,
obviously this only happens to opaque objects where light cannot pass through
it. When light is not presence in a particular area, the place remains dark. So
that area is called shadow. As light can pass through air and water because they
are transparent, shadow doesn’t form in this case.

Fig 7. Shadow Formation

Shadow made by sun,

 Morning - The Sun is low in the sky and casts a long shadow
 Afternoon - The Sun is above the tree and casts a short shadow.
 Evening - The Sun is low in the sky and casts a long shadow

8. TYPES OF SHADOW

The umbra, penumbra and are two distinct parts of a shadow, created by any
light source after impinging on an opaque object.
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8. 1 UMBRA

The umbra is the innermost and darkest part of a shadow, where the light source
is completely blocked by the object.

8.2 PENUMBRA

The penumbra is a half-shadow that occurs when a light source is only partly
covered by an object.

Fig 8. Types of Shadow

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9. MY EVIDENCE ON SHADOW FORMATION

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10. CONCLUSION

Lights and Shadows only exist because of the presence of each other. Without
light, there would be no shadow. Shadow needs light and having light, there
will always be a shadow. By the presence and interaction of light and shadow,
our lives can be transformed.

11. REFERENCES

1. https://www.slideshare.net/jericzabs/lights-and-shadow-of-our-so

2. https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/umbra-shadow.html

3. https://www.britannica.com/science/light

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow

5. https://studynlearn.com/blog/luminous-and-non-luminous-objects/