Sampling Techniques 2.

Systematic Sampling – process of selecting the desired number of

individuals by choosing every kth element in a list of the population
A sample is a group or collection from the population where information is
gathered for a statistical experiment. Since the researcher rarely has an access to
all the members of the population, he/she rely on the data gathered from a
smaller group which is the sample.

One of the most important steps in conducting a research is the process of

selecting the member of your sample. Sampling is the process of selecting
individuals who will participate in your study.

Example
Types of Sampling Choose 7 random data using systematic sampling by considering every 3 rd
term in the list
 Random Sampling
- It is the process of selecting members of equal chances. It is also
called probability sampling 23 31 24 17 15 25
 Non-random Sampling 42 37 21 38 42 14
- Samples are chosen with little or no consideration to randomization. 22 26 42 39 32 21
42 31 36 39 24 26
It is also called non-probability sampling
27 32 37 25 29 20
Random Sampling Techniques

1. Simple Random Sampling – process of selecting n number of individuals 3. Stratified Sampling – process of subdividing the population into groups
using randomization machine, or lottery and randomly choosing individuals from each group depending on the
percentage of the certain subgroup with respect with the whole
population.
 4. Cluster Sampling – process of selecting clusters from a population which
is very large or widely spread out over a wide geographic area
Example:

Given that you need to do a certain research with a university where your
Example:
research population is all of its students. In your study you will only need 300
respondents If you need to conduct a study that includes all residents of Metro Manila, you
can do a cluster sampling by considering the districts first then randomly choose
Course/Specialization Population
from each districts
Engineering 250
Architecture 55
Computer Technologies 45
Allied Health 150 Non-Random Sampling Techniques
Total 500 1. Convenience Sampling – process of selecting individuals who are
convenient to the researcher
To determine the sample size need in each subgroup, we need to compute for the Example: Choosing your close friends or individuals to be part of your study
percentage of each subgroup with respect to the total number of students instead randomly choosing other individuals
Course/Specialization Population Percentage 2. Purposive Sampling – choosing a certain group of individuals which the
Engineering 250 50% researcher thinks that will give him/her the data needs for the desired
Architecture 55 11% result of the experiment
Computer Technologies 45 9%
Allied Health 150 30% Example: Choosing the best students in a study regarding the effectiveness of
Total 500 100% certain teaching techniques to acquire a good score in the experimental
examination
Now, compute the number of respondents by multiplying the percentage of each 3. Quota Sampling – it is applied when a researcher change its
subgroup to the needed number of total respondents characteristics of its sample because of the quota needed based on the
data gathered
Course/Specialization Percentage Computation Sample Size
Engineering 50% 300  0.5 150 Example: A researcher changes its criteria in an experiment from men age less
Architecture 11% 300  0.11 33 than 20 from its original sample of men of over 30 since the first criteria is more
Computer Technologies 9% 300  0.09 27 available in the researchers area than the older men
Allied Health 30% 300  0.3 90
Total 100% 300 4. Snowball Sampling – is a technique in which one or more member of
your sample will lead you to the other members without the
consideration of randomization
Example: You need to randomly choose homeless people in the whole city but
instead you look for single homeless and then interviewed all other individual in
the same area

Collecting Data

After determining the number of the respondents needed in the statistical

experiment, the researcher will now determine the way of how to collect the
necessary data needed

Methods of Collecting Data

1. Direct or Interview Method – it is a method where the researcher will

interview the respondents.

2. Indirect or Questionnaire Method – data and/or answers are gathered

through questionnaires where it can be done by mail or electronic mail

3. Registration Method – this method is using the data that is stored and
govern by laws, i.e. birth certificates, licenses, death certificate, etc.

4. Observation Method – this method is used if the data needed will be

gathered by observing a certain person, situations, or the likes

5. Experimental Method – this method is used for experimental data like a

before and after conditions, or any under controlled experiment