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A New Sharpened Cascaded Comb-Cosine Decimation Filter: Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek, and Sanjit K. Mitra
A New Sharpened Cascaded Comb-Cosine Decimation Filter: Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek, and Sanjit K. Mitra
1 1 − z −32
.
H 3 ( z 16 ) = (5)
2 1 − z −16
Using Eqs. (1-3) we express the modified comb filter
H m (z ) as,
H m ( z ) = H1k1 ( z ) ⋅ H 2k 2 ( z M 1 ) ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ H Nk N ( z M 1 ⋅⋅⋅M N −1 ), (6)
where ki is the number of the cascaded filters Hi. Notice
that the comb subfilters Hi, i=2,…N-1 can be moved to a
lower rate, [12].
It follows from Eqs.(6) and (4-5) that,
k
H m ( z ) = H 1k1 ( z ) H 2k 2 ( z 4 ) H 3 3 ( z 16 ) . (7) a. Overall magnitude response.
To improve the magnitude characteristic of the filter (6)
we use the cascaded cosine prefilter [11] introduced in [13],
K
H CCOS ( z ) = ∏ H COS ( z N i ) . (8)
i =1
The corresponding magnitude response has a form
1 K
H CCOS (e jω ) = K ∏ cos( N i ω ) + cos 2 ( N i ω ) . (9)
2 i =1
The transfer function of the cascaded comb and cosine
prefilters is
K
H mCCOS ( z ) = H m ( z )∏ H COS
n
i
( z Ni ) , (10)
i =1
where ni is the number of cascaded cosine prefilters, and b. Passband.
from [11],
M
N i = i +1 .
2
NK=M1. (11)
Example 2:
For M=32, choosing (4) and (13) from (17) we have
{ } {
H ShCCOS ( z ) = H 1k1 ( z ) Sh H 2k 2 ( z 4 ) Sh H 3 3 ( z 16 ) ×
(18)
k
}
n1 n2
H COS ( z 8 ) H COS ( z 4 ).
a. Overall magnitude response.
Using the values (15) we plot the magnitude characteristic
of the proposed decimation filter in Fig.2. Note that the
magnitude characteristic is improved in both the passband
and the stopband of interest. The passband droop at fc is
0.1944 dB and the stopband attenuation at fA is 144.5657 dB.
In the next section we consider how to obtain a more
efficient structure for the decimation filter given in (17).
4. EFFICIENT STRUCTURE
The proposed decimation filter (17) and the cascade
equivalence [12] are used to build an efficient structure.
We first consider an efficient structure of the filter
presented in Example 2. According to (18), we can move the
sharpened comb and cosine filters to a lower rate as shown
in Fig.3.a. b. Passbnd zoom.
Therefore, we have
k2 k
1 1 − z −4 1 1 − z −M 2 2
H 2k2 ( z ) = −1
= −1
, (19)
4 1 − z M 2 1 − z
and
k3 k
k
1 1 − z −M 3 3
1 1 − z −2
H 33 ( z) = = −1 −1
. (20)
2 1 − z
M 3 1 − z
The corresponding sharpened comb filters are, [4]
{ } {
Sh H i i ( z ) = [H i ( z )]2 ki 3 z − ( M i −1) ki / 2 − 2[H i ( z )]ki . (21)
k
}
c. Stopband zoom.
Cosine filter
n1
H COS [
( z 8 ) = 0.125(1 + z −16 )(1 + z −8 ) ]
n1
(22) Figure 2: Example 2.
is moved to the second stage to become 0.125 n1 (1 + z −2 ) n1 , We denote cosine filters of the second and the third stage
and to the third stage to become (1 + z ) . −1 n1 as (Fig.3.b)
Similarly, cosine filter
H 2,COS ( z ) = (1 + z −2 )n1 + n2 (1 + z −1)n2 . (24)
n2
H COS [
( z 4 ) = 0.125(1 + z −8 )(1 + z − 4 ) ]
n2
(23)
and
H 3,COS ( z ) = (1 + z −1 ) n1 . (25)
can only be moved to the second stage to
[
become 0.125(1 + z −2 )(1 + z −1 ) ]
n2
.
Sh{ H 2 2( z)}
Input n1+n 2 n
4 4
k k
H 1 1 (z ) (1+ z −2 ) (1+ z−1 )2
scaling
n1 Output
2
k3
H 3 ( z) (1+ z −1 )
a.
Input
4 Sh{H 2 2(z)} 4
k1 k
H (z )
1 H 2,cos (z)
scaling
Output
H 3 3(z)
k
H 3,cos (z) 2
b.
Figure 3: Efficient structure for Example 2.
Input
Sh{H 2 2(z)}
k
k
H 1 1(z ) M1 H2,cos (z) M2
scaling
k Output
HN N(z) HN,cos (z) MN
Figure 4: General structure.
Using a similar approach we can obtain the general Systems – II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol. 48, pp.
structure shown in Fig.4. The first section is the cascade of k1 898-903, October 2001.
comb filters of length M1. The polyphase decomposition [4] A. J. Kwentus, Z. Jiang, and A. N. Willson, Jr., “Application of
allows the polyphase filters to move to a lower rate, which is filter sharpening to cascaded integrator-comb decimation filters,”
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol.45, pp.457-467,
M1 times lower than the input rate, as explained in [3]. February 1997.
Sharpened comb filters at all other sections can be [5] G. Jovanovic-Dolecek and S. K. Mitra, “Efficient sharpening of
realized as proposed in [4]. CIC decimation filter,” Proc. 2003 International Conference on
Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Hong Kong, pp. VI-385-
5. CONCLUSION VI-388, April 2003.
[6] G. Jovanovic-Dolecek and S. K. Mitra, “Sharpened comb
A new computationally efficient structure for a multistage decimator with improved magnitude response,” Proc. 2004
comb decimation filter is proposed. The sharpened technique International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
and the cosine prefilters are used to improve the magnitude Processing, Montreal, Canada, Proc. vol.2, pp. 393-396, May 2004.
characteristic of the filter. [7] L. L Presti, “Efficient modified-sinc filters for sigma-delta A/D
converters,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems – II: Analog
As a result, the proposed filter has a low passband droop
and Digital Signal Processing, vol. 47, pp. 1204-1213, November
and high stopband attenuation at the frequencies of interest. 2000.
Using different values for ki, ni and Mi we can manipulate the [8] G. Jovanovic-Dolecek and S. K. Mitra, “ Efficient multistage
corresponding magnitude response. comb-modified rotated sinc (RS) decimator,“ Proc. EUSPCO-2004,
The proposed structure is multiplier-free structure and has Vienna, Austria, pp.1425-1427, September, 2004.
no filtering at the high input rate. The tradeoff lies in the [9] F. Daneshgaran and M. Laddomada, “A novel class of
slightly increased number of less complex comb filters in the decimation filters for ∑∆ A/D converters,” Wireless
first stage. Further research would be dedicated to the Communications and Mobile Computing , vol. 2, No. 8, pp.867-
problem of systematically choosing the values of the 882, December 2002.
parameters. [10] G. Jovanovic-Dolecek and S. K. Mitra, “ Efficient Comb
Rotated Sinc (RS) Decimator with Sharpened Magnitude response,”
Proc. IEEE International Midwest Symp. On Circuits and Systems,
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