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A, FE Efi SAP , wT MW u=u(x,y,z,t) (1.3.1) BRA NLR ROK RA u=u(r,t) (1.3.2) Xt F Sat TAK br aH , WA u=u(r) (1.3.3) 13.1 RESHSE CE DEE Hin aL Sa, SF AW JE SRL AH SA BH as TO) Od AAR Eb SP A BA () BA TD BAL 9 9 UT, Rt BLS FR) CEL TT AON AE Hk JE 3 HP, BSE ADV A), A Se Tg EH A SH FAD BAY a FR A TA J AE TEA HE BY Kc, u(r)=e (1.3.4) BE SA AREA HH tas a a 5H (BLT ALA BPCK 13 RESHAGSASHE 13 DH ec HR — HB AT HE BEAT BI — HB A 9 A, TT ie @ FH My Cr.) REA HEA LR OU or) = a Cry) J 9 A, a fi 9 FAL HI HY A yl, @ AF be MH u(r) eB AY, AU Ae 1 EC, Pt EI AP HAMS, A 1.3.1 fiaR. H131 SRSHS eR uc, 13.2 REBAR 00 WL FIRE TG EA Sh AR TEC RG TRAE BES HELE oh EE — SOA Ze tM AEE BLA T BR SA 09 rt FAN BB A EA BLM, IPR AA uM) Hh — ILE My th BI — Fe : RLM JRMEERT Aah AL A My BEEN ALL, 13.2 Bra. MA MYR CEE MCAD ALO) mE, aL u(M)-u(M,) oe He fe fs RM) HM Sb HY Mo ‘ai 13.2 WAM, FO Bs Fad . + BD SM AOR au __ u(M)-u( My) “ai ae (1.3.5) SAIL SCT A u(M) 4E x8 My Mb YE LHe (al Xt BS AOE EK 420 BY, be ARH uM) He 195 a ah 4 <0 BY, br tH (MT EAN 5 T= 0 AE CM EN, Ti FEARS KM AK WS IA MAK. Alt, RP, TH FE RAM, BEREAN TAL AY De Fal, SCD e 1a) SF — AE A A 4 Fa Td BCH SE EG Ma FR EK YAEL Td SP RH A ZS GR HK. MEAS BRR FAM AAA MRRPBl KBD D> au _ du de du dy au dz al ax dl ay dl ar dl BRL AG xyz BSA Boy AR dx dl SUP cosa ,cosB cosy Wy Uf) iy ARIK. FAL, 1B) A A Me Re ta SBP HEKA dy =eosey cox, Se =cosy a a a ee coset casB + cosy (1.3.6) ay az 133 PERHBE FODDER P AEH BA TES BP To AR , HEI HET] — RAMA YEAR Te] 6A ArT) BRS BE 4 8 AR Pd 0, PEE ST EA OT A BRK IBA, , HL SHAE tt ZH Tb BE A EK RK HE HE EBD TR PAM AT EMME. Appr HSH u CE M Bb ADB BEE MAH, AES grad u RRA, EE Bi M AMY TAL e, ISR PH u CE, M EIT Te, BAT 1) PBC, BD ou e: + grad u=—7 (1.3.7) HE MT A, 4 ae, 4 grad u AY AT ABIALAY ,e, - grad u ANAK, He, - grad u=|grad u|. FASt grad u AY 7 (6 BU be ASH u HE M Abe CK Tal, BEAD KAYE CK. ELA @, Bem BE HC ARIK AA y A] BA 2A fT FA, a grad u=e, all. (1.3.8) hee =| grad w| >0, PRUA PRAIA wu BE BE ASAE Fey oR Ew SH TA. Jy T Fe BG IE AEM BL u=u, Al u=uytdu (du>0) Jeti it PR w BAY (ELA Ze ABR 1) BN SL Til AUP 1.3.3 7B. AE SPAM TAT w= uy EA wnugtdu SUAS TAL Da (el 1 3h BF ATA w= uy tdu Eat, : LAY CAEL Hd J A TY , (BA HE = All, BY GAT u=u, WK e, MEI, B133 REBAF SA«K 13 HESHSHSRSeR Jeu AN ou/ al, ARAL. HG A pa eM eb I ae Pk Bek HAE, HE TY SHAFT SRE NE LSPA (ARE MAAR RIARS BRRAK. CH AERA PE grad u =e,(e, + grad u)+e,(e, + grad u) +e,(e, + grad u) (1.3.9) CEREADT P , 25 FA BOG EE V" (GR ME“ del” Be“ Nabla” ) , 4 EL fA AE mah ne, pre de, 2 (1.3.10) ax ay | az FE VARA RAD YE REE. A PH we 9 BESET) FS AGE V eo grad u=(e, Se, ate gd t Wu (1.3.11) EAE AEH w BEE BE DOSE VEAP tit Pw HE — BIH, FE TALEE AS bn AR be HF, A A 1.3.7), LA 4 3 BE A} BN du au ou Vuze, +e, 4 1.3.12 ap ** bab a ( ) au, au ou Vu=e, —te, —te, — ar “rae * rsinbad PRUE SPAT A al, A HE Sa HY ELAS AE C1) REE u WBE — 4 A HE PK Vu te Hu TE A ES; (2) RHI u TERETE RM ROH FE RET (Al @, AY 07 1) BCRP OE Va TET Tee, EAB ; (3) RASH u TE M Rb R EE PK AT, A Pe eM) 77 [A] PAIGE IE HE AF A: V(cu)=¢ Vule WHR) (1.3.14) V(utv)= Vus Vo (1.3.15) (1.3.13)16 #1 Kitt >> V(uv)=0 Vutu Vo (1. 3. 16) (v Vu-w Vv) (4.3.17) Vf(u)=f'(w) Vu (1.3.18) BIB BRI R=e,(x-x’) +e,(y-y') te(z-2') ,R=|R|o EW: R iy i (1) WR=43(2) V(x) WR)=- VAR) a a fo ae a a Str, V=e, aati qh re fia, V'=e, nae At x.y’ 2" EH. WR: (1) HE R=|R]= J (a-x') + (y-y') + (2-2) RAR (1.3.11) IR R IR VR =e, one on, ok ax 7 ay * az a - +e, em az e,(x-x') te,(y-y") +e,(2-2') V (arn!) "+(y-y") + (2-2') Oe Ray aL R AREAS (1.3.11) A es es e,(anx') te,(y-y') te,(z-2') R VETO tay Tr (3) HAGE PS BE HEAR (1.3.11) , af(R) af) af(R) te, te a 7" a ~ Be df(R) aR df(R) aR df R) aR ce pg dR ax” dR ay * dR a d WR) wee R dR dr R YiR)=e, irl 58CK 14 RERHERSKE vim ae v 'R _af(R) ~€,( x72’) ~e,(y-y')-e,(2-2') AR GVO) a(R) R dR R Guy Vf(R)=- V'f(R) PE FEL HAE DA (x! 5,2!) RAR TRY AB ALLE PBS) A VA (x,y,z) BEATA TY A BEE (BR A) A, PA be 8 ies PR a PA —14 FeRNBSSHAE — FED FE 1) Wy FE MAE — PR TAL , Fy HT FE 89 SP FR HESH. AA, H 5H EET MA EAD I EI CER AALS HP, 0 A SiH a 2 VE IE Feit. Pt, — 4 Fe SH FOOT — 4 BR BOR RR. FE ELA AE RP TR mA F=F(x,y,2,t) (1.4.1) FH Ais BER BRE F=F(r,t) (1.4.2) MEF Sat FE K Y e H , WB R F=F(r) (1.4.3) A AEG FAAS i A = ERP F(x,y,2)=e,F,(x,y,z) +¢,F,(x,y,2z) +€,F,(*,y,2) (1.4.4) st F(x,y,2) F,(x,y,2) Al F(x ,y,2) EF (x,y,z) PRE xy Als eS 4 Stitt. 141 RAD RBR EF AE Fr), TF — Be tl ee Te Seb aa a ES TA A 17H1ls KBD >» Fal 1.4.1 Bras, WOR A by HR AE — a8 BR Tl BG EH Fr) PERRI Vy ALD), MUA Aa id RR ES SF ) 8 Ro PAM Hwa 3h A HAY He SR Ta SO RH ARH, In) HERERO AF. ys — AH, eS PY EAA LT VAR AER ths FE BH RA IH IG AE BY 2 TA] RE AR aE ld Hy REG , Ae A A HR RE BR o WAT Tl, MATAR As Ah Oe A A ES A Wh FAL HK Be BE EH BM BRBR EEA LER WLP SR ME dr TEM Ab 5 Rt PEATE). AR ARR A ET Sa, FE MAb dr 35 F SEER drxF=0 (1.4.5) FE EAE ALR BY De BR APR RD EAL, BT FB) SEG HR, AA 2 RHR TELA MIRA} /F =e, F +e, F,+e,F, dr=e.dxte,dyte,dz, Ms (1.4.5) IS a r| [rear (1.4.6) UAL BR RH Far (LF AS ts a , J PL 2s TE — 0, M(x, yz) bE BAY Ha 3p RE eB E=—. 4mer SUH eo WIM raexteytez.r= |r| RARER ERR r fe: B= r=" (eo xe,yte.2) ts (1.4.6) BY 18 BAER OY BAF Aner 4mer HA iB - z sys HAH Jy RAE { Cece WHEE ABO yeee RAIA ABAT ¢ BRCE AS (AE RIA) SE OOH gem aeee A 1.4.2 Bras. BRRESC14 RNR SRE 142 RENE 2 AT HS EO INS, Se St a SE I MEALS. BES 2ST TAT, Sy TTS: A EE BS 7 A a LiL Seite, LF SE it dS=e,ds (1.4.7) FITTER oe, AY HI A PAE IE : — Je: AS Sy FF a S EAS —4> WIG , 3X 4 FF Hh Te — FFA A HRC PBL ak, EFA A HN BE C AGE FT Hy 1 Je , He A SR HE MU BL Ee, A Fr fe] , AUP 1.4.3 Bit as 5 3 — BP ATE Jee dS 9 FAL A TT ERP TH 7 , HA — ABR, FAIA wy AF a BR Tif TERA Fb FEM — TRICK Mit dS, HF AST TERA dS HY pRB + dS i OW F LTH TC B143 RF Fit aH S AO fit dS Ait. Henn S EA TAY Fs dS HIM, Bia F SEM TAT S HY BD o=[F-dS=[F- eas (1.4.8) fh a, ZEA AL BR AE D ee — th TTS EHUTTELSY f D - dS EAE Ht D il sh RE BHM HH SE ATT RS |B + dS ER BAU HELL PAM RRP dS =e,dS_+e, dS, +e,dS, , FES (1.4.8) WAH © = [Cer +e,F, +e,F,) + (e,dS, + e,dS, + e,d5,) 7 = [ (ras, + F,dS, + F,dS,) (1.4.9) s FS WE A EASE FAA TC RE S89 Hh SEH) dS ATE HF Se, FAZER BE fil , MUSE A TATA TC AS ASH HY TE; RP MBIT dS HY TEM BY dS AY AM FS e, AIZEN TT ARIE dS 95H HN HAE URS Sf — PAL ¢> tT, Sk Pa) 2 TT 9 aH Re a @ =$F dS =4F + eds (1.4.10)