SAN REMIGIO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

San Remigio, Cebu

Teacher-made Learner’s Home Task

Date: Week 2

Grade/Section: STE 10 – NEWTON & EINSTEIN

Subject Area/s: TLE: COMPUTER EDUCATION

I. MELC: Demonstrate proficiency in problem-solving techniques using the computer.

II. Objective/s:
Knowledge: Understand the techniques on programming through problem solving.
Skills: Use computers as a tool in analyzing problems and be able to do basic
programming.
Values/Attitude: Appreciate the importance of programming nowadays.

Subject Matter: Computer programming (concepts and introduction)

IV. References:
https://www.w3schools.com/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/
Wikipedia
https://www.computerhope.com/history/programming
IV. Procedure:

A. Readings

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Computer programming is the process of designing and building
an executable computer program to accomplish a specific computing result or
to perform a specific task. Programming involves tasks such as: analysis,
generating algorithms, profiling algorithms' accuracy and resource
consumption, and the implementation of algorithms in a chosen programming
language (commonly referred to as coding).
Ada Lovelace is credited as being the first person to describe or write a
computer program. In 1843, she described an algorithm to compute Bernoulli
numbers using the Analytical Engine.
The Hollerith tabulating machine was invented by Herman Hollerith in
1889, allowing for data to be programmatically counted and tabulated.
 One of the first programming languages, FORTRAN, was introduced to
the public on October 15, 1956. It was developed by John Backus and others
at IBM.
The original BASIC programming language was developed by John
Kemeny, Mary Keller, and Thomas Kurtz, and was introduced to the public on
May 1, 1964.
Simula is considered the first ever object-oriented programming
language, developed around 1965 by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard.
Martin Richards developed the BCPL programming language in 1966,
which became popular due to its portability.
The MUMPS programming language was developed by Neil
Pappalardo at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1966. Known for its
graphics capabilities, Logo was created by Seymour Papert in 1967.
Tim Berners-Lee developed the HTML markup language in 1990. HTML
is one of the most popular and widely-used programming languages in the
world.
When programs are developed to solve real-life problems like inventory
management, payroll processing, student admissions, examination
result processing, etc. they tend to be huge and complex. The approach
to analyzing such complex problems, planning for software
development, and controlling the development process is
called programming methodology.
 Types of Programming Methodologies
There are many types of programming methodologies prevalent among
software developers.
Procedural Programming
Problem is broken down into procedures, or blocks of code that perform
one task each. All procedures taken together form the whole program. It
is suitable only for small programs that have low level of complexity.
Example: For a calculator program that does addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, square root and comparison, each of these
operations can be developed as separate procedures. In the main
program each procedure would be invoked on the basis of user’s
choice.
Object-oriented Programming
Here the solution revolves around entities or objects that are part of
problem. The solution deals with how to store data related to the
entities, how the entities behave and how they interact with each other
to give a cohesive solution.
Example, if we have to develop a payroll management system, we will
have entities like employees, salary structure, leave rules, etc. around
which the solution must be built.
Functional Programming
Here the problem, or the desired solution, is broken down into functional
units. Each unit performs its own task and is self-sufficient. These units
are then stitched together to form the complete solution.
Example − A payroll processing can have functional units like employee
data maintenance, basic salary calculation, gross salary calculation,
leave processing, loan repayment processing, etc.
Logical Programming
Here the problem is broken down into logical units rather than functional
units. Example: In a school management system, users have very
defined roles like class teacher, subject teacher, lab assistant,
coordinator, academic in-charge, etc. So, the software can be divided
into units depending on user roles. Each user can have different
interface, permissions, etc.
Software developers may choose one or a combination of more than
one of these methodologies to develop a software. Note that in each of
the methodologies discussed, problem has to be broken down into
smaller units. To do this, developers use any of the following two
approaches:
Top-down or Modular Approach
The problem is broken down into smaller units, which may be further
broken down into even smaller units. Each unit is called a module. Each
module is a self-sufficient unit that has everything necessary to perform
its task.
Bottom-up Approach
In bottom-up approach, system design starts with the lowest level of
components, which are then interconnected to get higher level
components. This process continues till a hierarchy of all system
components is generated. However, in real-life scenario it is very
difficult to know all lowest level components at the outset. So bottoms
up approach is used only for very simple problems.
UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM
A typical software development process follows these steps:
 Requirement gathering
 Problem definition
 System design
  Implementation
 Testing
 Documentation
 Training and support
 Maintenance

B. Exercises for skill subjects’ / Analysis questions using HOTS

for content subjects

Exercise 1
Direction: In a whole sheet of paper, write an essay with a minimum of 15 sentences.

“The Importance of computer programs nowadays”

Exercise 2
Direction: Compare and contrast the following terms below.

1. Top-down & Bottom-up approach

2. Procedural Programming & Object-oriented programming

3. Functional programming & Logical Programming

 Exercise 3
Direction: Define the following terms/phrases below based on how you understood
about software development.
1. Software development process follows these steps:
a. Requirement gathering –

b. Problem definition –

c. System design –

d. Implementation –

e. Testing –

f. Documentation –

g. Training and support –

h. Maintenance –
 Exercise 4
Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, explain in your own words the
following.

1. Discuss the difference between manual transactions from an automated one in

terms of speed and accuracy.
-

2. Does automations with transactions nowadays, a product of that so-called

software development? Explain.
-

3. Give at least 3 scenarios wherein computer automations such as in

transactions plays a bigger role in today’s generation.
-
 C. Assessment/Application

Direction: Identify what is being referred to on each items below. Write your
answer on a sheet of paper.

1. The process of designing and building an executable computer program to perform a

specific task.

2. The first computer programmer.

3. Problem is broken down into procedures, or blocks of code that perform one task

each.

4. The desired solution is broken down into functional units.

5. In this approach, system design starts with the lowest level of components.

6. The first computer programming language.

7. Who invented the Hollerith tabulating machine?

8. It is considered the first ever object-oriented programming language, developed

by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard.

9. Who developed the HTML markup language in 1990?

10. It is one of the most popular and widely-used programming languages in the world.

Prepared by:
MELROSE R. CONDE
Teacher
Approved by:

Verified by: JOSEPHUS G. ARELLANO

ALLAN C. CANETE ASP II, SHS
MT-I, TLE

Address: IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City

Telephone Nos.: (032) 520-3216 – 520-3217; SDS Office: (032) 255-6405; ASDS Apao: (032) 236-
4628