SOLAR PV WATER PUMPING SYSTEMS

“किसानो िा कििास है , दे श िा कििास”

Presented by/द्वारा प्रस्तुत

Richa Parmar/ऋचा परमार
Deputy Director/उप कनदे शि
NISE Gurugram
 Content
• Introduction: Types of PV System
• Solar PV Water Pumping System (SPVWPS)
• Components of SPVWPS
• Constructional Features
• Types of Motor and Pumps
• Submersible SPVWPS
• Surface SPVWPS
• SPVWPS Test Protocols
• Performance Parameters
• Case Study and Design analysis
• Crop water requirement
• KUSUM Scheme
 TYPES OF PV SYSTEMS
PV System

Stand-alone System Grid-connected System

Directly
Without storage With storage Hybrid system connected to
the public grid
With Wind
turbine
Connected to
With
the public grid
cogeneration
AC standalone via house grid
Engine
system
With Diesel
DC Standalone generator
system
 Solar Water Pumping System
• Solar water pumping system, the pump is
driven by motor run by solar electricity
instead of conventional electricity drawn
from utility grid. The pumping system
draws water from the open well, bore well,
stream, pond, canal etc.
• It is important to match the operating
characteristics of the motor to that of the
pump by choosing appropriate measures.
• motor technologies:
1. Brushless dc (BLDC) motor
2. Induction (AC) motor
3. Permanent Magnet DC Motor
 COMPONENTS OF SPVWPS

SPV Controller

Motor Pump set

PV Array
 Application

Irrigation

Community
Drinking
Application Water
Water
Supply

Storing
Solar
Energy
 Solar Water Pumping System Benefits
• Decreases the rising electrical energy demand for Pumping Water for Irrigation.
• 50% of any solar project cost are invested in battery back up and run during day
time so no investment in back up.
• Millions of Diesel Pump Sets can be replaced with Solar PV Pump Sets.
• Can substantially reduce consumption of Grid Electricity and Diesel for Irrigation
use.
• Benefit to targeted citizen(Government policy) & Early pay back period.
• Environmentally friendly, reduces fossil fuel burden and more saving due to low
maintenance
• Various applications like irrigation, livestock watering etc.
PV Array and Mounting Structure
Continue….
• Combination of Solar PV Panel ( Must be certified
as per IS 14286/IEC 61125, IEC61730-1&2)
• Series or Parallel connections as required
• Mounted on metallic structure (galvanization as per
IS 4759)
• Seasonal tilt angle and 3 times manual tracking in a
day(30% of output increases)
 SPV Pump Controller
Various Components of SPV Controller: RMS VFD

• MPPT charge controller: Maximum Power

Point Tracking optimize power generated by PV
array
• DC to DC OR AC (Inverter) converter
• VFD :- Variable Frequency Drive control speed
of AC motor
• RMS:- Remote Monitoring System wireless
operation, data recording( I, V, water flow) live,
• Protection against Dry run, open circuit, under
voltage, reverse polarity, etc.
 Universal Solar Pump Controller (USPC)
• For operating the pump the USPC must follow the MNRE
specifications for SPV pumping systems.
• Universal Solar Agriculture controller should come with multiple
outputs which can be permanently connected to the application by
selecting appropriate options for example following applications
should automatically started by USPC by appropriate mean such as
keypad or remote for selection.
(i) Water Pumping
(ii) Chaff Cutter
(iii) Deep fridge/ Cold Storage
(iv) Atta Chakki
Manual changeover is not allowed.
 Continue….
Sr.No. Sr Description Desired requirement
Desired No.
Description requirement 1 Characteristic of voltages Pure sinusoidal or Filtered AC output voltage at
1 Motor Supply Three phase R-Y-B motor terminal. No PWM pulses allowed at the
Phases motor terminal, as it generates pronounced voltage
spikes. The USPC output is intended to use for the
2 Rated motor 48-50Hz traditional induction motors based applications
which are design for sinusoidal grid supply.
frequency
2 THD of motor terminal Below 3%
voltages
3 Frequency 0 to 52Hz
3 THD of motor current (in Below 5%
operation case of balance/linear
motor)
4 Rated motor 415V ± 5% 4 Balance supply Three phases should be balanced and no negative
voltage sequence components to be allowed
5 Voltage spikes Recurring or non-recurring voltage spikes more
Constant V by F or than 620V (peak of 440V AC supply) is not allowed
constant motor between any two terminals
Desired motor 6 Alarms and Protections Output voltage low, Output frequency low/high,
flux control
Low irradiance/PV power, Current overload, Peak
5 operation
Torque overload
 Protection Standards and Controller Standards for
Solar Water Pump System
Sr. no. Standard Name Description
1. IEC 60034-30-1 Rotating Electrical Machines-Part 30-1: Efficiency Classes of Line operated AC

2. IEC TS 60034-30-2 Rotating Electrical Machines-Part 30.2: Efficiency Classes of Variable speed AC

3. IEC 61683 Controller and MPPT for Water pumping System Efficiency Measurements

4. IEC 60068-2-6 Environment testing- Part 2-6 (Vibration test)

5. IEC 60068-2-30 Environment testing- Part 2-30 (Damp Heat test)
6. IEC 60068-2- Environment testing – part 2-(6,21,27,30,75,78)
(6,21,27,30,75,78)
7. IEC 62093 Design Qualification
8. IEC 60529 Degree of Protection provided by enclosures (IP)
9. IEC 60364-4-41 Low Voltage Electrical Installations – Part 4-41 (protection for safety – protection against electric shock)
10. IEC 62103 Electronic equipment for use in Power Installations
11. ICE 61800-3 Adjustable speed electrical power drive system – part 3 (EMC requirements and specific test methods)
 TYPES: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING
SYSTEM

1. DYNAMIC PUMPS 2. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

 Constructional Features
• Impeller Design and Material: The impeller is the primary component which
determines the performance of the pump.
• Blades of the impeller at the time of rotation transfers energy to the fluid with
the increase in pressure and velocity
• The design of the impeller depends on the requirements of pressure, flow and
the type of application.
 SOLAR WATER PUMPING SYSTEM - SUBMERSIBLE TYPE
• Submersible pumps are used to pump groundwater from deep wells or
bore holes up to 450 meters
SOLAR WATER PUMPING SYSTEM – SURFACE TYPE
• These pumps draw water using the suction principle and they are used to move
• water from shallow wells, ponds, streams, and tanks, where the pump itself can
be located within approximately 7 meter above the water level.
 Performance Parameters
• Hydraulic energy=Total dynamic head
(m)*Discharge per minute
(lpm)*9.8m/s2
• Wire to water efficiency = (Hydraulic
energy*100)/ (Input energy)
Where,
• Input Energy = Input Power (Watt) * 60
And,
• Input power = Voltage (V)*Current (A)
• Submersible pumps: static head +
dynamic head
• Surface pumps: suction head+ delivery
head + friction loss
 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP OF SOLAR WATER
PUMPING SYSTEM IN NISE
Computer System
Data Acquistion

Solar Panel

Flow meter
Switch
Controller
Logic
Valve

Pressure Terminator

Simulator

Deep-well centrifugal pump

Motor

Tank
 Step by step procedure for testing

Installation and Commissioning of Solar Pump set & modules at test site by the customer.
Step 1

STC Measurement of PV Module.

Step 2
Measurement and Performance evaluation of SPV Water Pump System under realistic test condition, Winter profile and
Step 3 summer profile.

Evaluation of Remote monitoring arrangement. The following parameters need to be provide: Daily water output, Power
generated by the PV array, Up time of the pump during the year, No. of days the pump was unused or under
Step 4 breakdown/ repairs.

Evaluation of Controller safety Parameter.

Step 5
Calculate Water output (Liter per day and Liter per day per watt) at 7.15kWh/m2.
Step 6

Preparation of Report
Step 7
Simulator Methods
 Solar Water Pump Test Facility and Test Standards
Table 1: Standards For PV Array
Sl. no. Standard Name Description
1. IEC 62124 PV Standalone system design verification
2. IEC 61725 Analytic Expression for daily solar profile
3. IEC 62548 Design requirements for photovoltaic (PV)
arrays
Table 2: Standards For Pumps
Sl. no. Standard Name Description
1. IEC 62253 Design Qualification & Performance Measure

2. MNRE MNRE Guidelines

3. IS 14582 Single Phase Small A.C. Electric Motors for

Centrifugal Pumps for Agricultural Applications —
Specification
4. IS 11346 Tests for Agricultural And Water Supply Pumps—
Code Of Acceptance
5. IS 14536 Selection, Installation, Operation and Maintenance
of Submersible Pump set -Code of Practice
6. IS 5120 Technical Requirements for Roto-dynamic Special
Purpose Pumps Fig.3: Solar water pump test facility at National Institute of Solar Energy
7. (NISE), India
IS 14220 Open-well Submersible Pump sets —Specification
 SOLAR WATER PUMP TESTING FACILITY
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SOLAR ENERGY, GURUGRAM
Continue…
 Pressure Gauge Pyranometer
Flow meter

Data Acquisition system with transducers for voltage Test set up

and current measurement
 Step by step Design for a typical Solar PV water pump
• Water Requirement: Different water sources like well, pond, river, spring, and groundwater would be
selected according to the sites and water requirements.
• Analyze the solar insolation level: The site must be examined for its suitability in installing the PV powered
water pumping system
• Calculate the daily flow rate of the pump: The daily water requirement is defined as the total amount of
water needed in 24 hours.
• Calculate the total dynamic head (TDH) for the pump: The total dynamic head is defined as the submission
of pressure head, elevation head, and friction losses.
TDH = Pumping Level + Vertical Rise + Friction Loss
The two major factors required for calculation of the TDH are:
Flow Rate: Defined as the volume of liquid flows per unit time. SI unit of flow rate is m^3/s. It can be written it
a term of Liters per minute as:
Liters per day hours
Liters per minute = ∗
peak sun hours per day 60 minutes
Vertical Lift: It is the height up to which a pump can draw the water. Submersible well pumps provide the lift to
overcome head pressure.
• Select the pump to meet the daily flow rate: Sizing of the Pump is to determine the approximate size of a
pump used for the particular location and to fulfil daily requirement of the user.
 Design Features
Sr. No. Assessment Variables Output
1. Water source (a) Water depth - Pump type
(b) Water level - Capacity of water available
(c) Delivery capacity
2. Water demand (a) Consumption profile - Storage size
(b) Storage capacity
3. Total head (a) Static head - Pump size
(b) Dynamic head
4. Solar resources (a) Solar radiation - PV size
(b) Sun peak hours per day
5. Flowrate - Pump size
6. Sizing Input Data
7. Pump (a) Flowrate
(b) Total head
 Designing of SPV Water Pumping System for
Irrigation
 Step1- Daily water requirement
 Step2- Total Dynamic Head(TDH)
 Step3- Hydraulic energy required to raise water = density*g*TDH
 Step4 – Determine solar radiation(approximately 6 to 7 hours/day)
 Step5- Determine no. of panels and pump size
• Total wattage of PV panel = hydraulic energy/sunshine hours
• Considering losses = total wattage of PV panels/(pump efficiency*mismatch factor)
• Considering operating factor = total wattage including losses/operating factor
• Total panels of 75wp = considering operating factor/75
• Power rating of motor =considering operating factor/746
UNIT WATER COST FOR A SMALL-SCALE PUMPING
SYSTEM
(Format Sheet for Calculation of Unit Water Cost)
1. System Description:
Location: …………………… Latitude: ……………….…….......
Design Month: ……………… System Head: ………………... m
Design Month Water Requirement: ………………………… m3/day
Power Source: ……………………………...
Annual Water Requirement: ……………….m3
Size: …………………………………….…..

2. Cost Analysis:
Capital Cost Annual Cost Present Worth
Replacements
Maintenance
Operating
Total Annual Cost
Unit Water Cost
 Crop Water Requirement
Table 1 | Total water requirement for 1 Kg of paddy cultivation

Growth stages of Avg. Water As per the Indian Council of Agricultural

Paddy crop Requirement (mm) Per Research (ICAR), the water requirement of
the paddy crop per kg of rice grains from land
Kg Of Paddy preparation to harvesting is shown in the
Nursery 50-60 table 1.
Main field preparation 200-250 The approximate depth for some of the
major crops in India is given below:
Planting to panicle 400-550 Wheat 13.5 cm
initiation (PI)
Rice 19.5 cm

P.I to flowering 400-450 Sugarcane 16.5 cm

Cotton 7.5 cm
Flowering to maturity 100-150
Maize 5.0 cm
Total 1200-1460
Daily consumption rate average values for
different applications
Sr. No. Application Unit Daily consumption rate
(Liters/day)

1 Residential Inhabitant 50 - 275

Milking Cow 95
Livestock Horse or Dry cow 76
2 Sheep or Goat 7.6
Chicken 1.5
Rice (1 ha) 100
3 Irrigation Cereals (1 ha) 45
Vegetables (1 ha) 50
Sugar cane (1 ha) 66
 Water requirement of seasonal crops
S.No Crop Growing period Water needed for the Range
(days) growing period (mm) (m3/ha)

1 Rice 90-150 450-700 4,800-6,500

2 Barley/Oats/Wheat 120-150 450-650 3,300-5,800

3 Maize grain 125-180 500-800 3,200-4,100

4 Onion 150-210 350-550 3,500-5,000

5 Potato 105-145 500-700 3,500-4,500

6 Cabbage 120-140 350-500 3,500-4,800

7 Sugarcane 270-365 1500-2500 10,000-18,000

8 Banana 300-365 1200-2200 10,000-16,000

 Subsidy on Solar Water Pump
Scheme /
Scheme State
Department Scheme Details
Type Name
Name
The Scheme consists of three components:

*Component A: Decentralized Ground Mounted Grid Connected

Renewable Power Plants
*Component B: CFA of 30% or 50% (North-Eastern states, J&K,
Uttarakhand, HP and the islands) will be provided by the centre. State will
give subsidy of 30% and the remaining will be provided by the farmer.
Centre India KUSUM
Farmer can avail loan from banks for his share.
*Component C: CFA of 30% or 50% (North-Eastern states, J&K,
Uttarakhand, HP and the islands) will be provided by the centre. State will
give subsidy of 30% and the remaining will be provided by the farmer.
Farmer can avail loan from banks for his share.

All States Follow this Scheme.

 Continue…..
Haryana HAREDA Farmer’s share will be 10% of the total cost

General Category: 30% Subsidy

SC Category: 50% Subsidy
Punjab PEDA
Both these subsidies are above the 30% subsidy by GOI under KUSUM Scheme. The subsidies
are applicable to pumps up to 7.5 HP.

Chhattisgarh CREDA States share will be Rs. 50/- per watt. Max. Rs. 2,00,000/- per plant

90% financial assistance to small and marginal farmers

80% financial assistance to medium and large farmers
Himachal Pradesh Saur Sinchayee Yojna
100% financial assistance to a group of minimum 5 farmers / Kisan Vikas Sanghs / Krishak
Vikas Sangh regd. Under Society Act, 2006.
State

As per KUSUM Scheme. Soft loans are available at an interest rate of 5% per annum through
Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency limited (JREDA). The maximum amount of
soft loan will be up to 90% of the unsubsidized part of the spv water pumping system. In case,
Jharkhand JREDA
the MNES financial assistance (subsidy) is not availed, the loan amount can be up to 90% of
the sale price of the system. The principal with the interest is repayable in 10 years (including
one year moratorium) starting at the end of first year of sanction of the loan.

Installation of On-Grid Solar Water Pumping Systems with net-metering facility. Subsidy will
Karnataka Surya Raitha Scheme
be in accordance with Karnataka Solar Policy 2014-2021.
 KUSUM SCHEME
I n July 2019, T he Mi ni s tr y Of New And Re newable Energ y (MN RE) relea se d t he
g ui de line s for its new f lag s hi p prog ram ‘ Prad ha n M an t ri Ki sa n Ur ja Sura ksha Eva m
Ut than Maha bhiya n’ ( KUSUM) . KUSUM i s pre se nte d a s a scheme t ha t prima rily
ai ms a t be ne fiting fa r me rs . Impleme ntat i on of t he R s 34 ,422 crore KU SU M sche me ,
t hat aims t o p rovid e both fi na ncial sec uri ty a nd m o re sus tai nable wa te r acce s s for
fa r mers by ge ne rat i ng s ola r p ower in thei r far ms and us e t he clea n e ne rg y to re place
t he i r d i e s e l wa t e r p ump s .
KUSUM SCHEME

The scheme has the following three components:

• COMPONENT A - Setting up of 10,000 MW of Decentralized Ground / Stilt Mounted
Grid Connected Solar or other Renewable Energy based Power Plants.
• COMPONENT B - Installation of 20 Lakh (Earlier17.50 Lakh) Stand-alone Solar
Agriculture Pumps.
• COMPONENT C - Solarization of 15 Lakh (10 Lakh Grid) Connected Agriculture
Pumps
 Advantages of solar Water pumping system
Sr.No. Category Advantage
1. Operation Operating procedure of solar water pumps are very simple in design
and construction.
2. Independence No fuel dependence
3. Running Cost No running cost even can earn money by grid fed technology
4. Maintenance Low maintenance is required
5. Pollution Zero pollution (no emissions, no spills, no waste)
6. Production Produce best during sunny weather, when water is needed most
7. Noise No noise is produced
8. Lifetime Long lifetime (more than twice that of conventional technologies)
9. Flexibility Easily relocated, moved, or expanded
 High Efficiency Pump Project

A new ‘State of The Art, Testing and R&D Facility’ for Solar Water Pumping Systems is being
developed in order to test solar water pumping system up to 50 HP.
Objectives:
• develop new and improved ‘Models’ of ‘Solar Water Pumping Systems’.
• To increase overall wire to water efficiency
• Improve efficiency of the Variable frequency drive

Future scope:
• Grid interactive system
• System Utilization in other forms
 Thank You/धन्यिाद

आओ हम शुरुआत िरे , किसानो िा आभार

िरे