Bachelor’s in Electrical Engineering

Transmission and Distribution Design

For Bachelor’s Students- Fourth Year/ First Part

By: Asst. Prof. Menaka Karki

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 Lecture-0
Introduction

Asst. Prof. Menaka Karki

Institute of Engineering,
Tribhuvan University, Nepal
1. Introduction
2. Attendance and mail address (Name/Roll number/Email address)
3. Requirements in the class Copy, Pen, Book, Calculator
4. One class representative  Class co-ordination through him/ her
5. Regarding leave  need application
6. Evaluation techniques: [20+80+25=125]
1. Class attendance
2. Tutorial + assignment + lab report submission (1 week’s time)
3. Assessment (20)
4. Final exam (80)
7. Exam from Chaitra-1
8. Course Structure: 7 Headings and 2 Labs

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 Course Outline
• TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION DESIGN EE  Year : IV/ Part : II
– Lecture: 3
– Tutorial: 0
– Practical: 3

• Course Objectives:
– To address general matters of
• electrical power and energy demand load characteristics,
• technical requirements and economic principles related to design of transmission lines
• technical requirements and economic principles related to design of distribution systems.

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• Introduction [4 hours]
– Advantages of grid systems
– Transmission line design & planning
– Technical and economic comparison of ac and dc transmission
– Physical structures of transmission lines: ampacities, towers, sire choices, insulation and protection against
lightning, shielding, grounding, sagging and clearances
– Right‐of‐way and other design and construction problems, terrain and weather implications
– Transmission system design for Nepal

• Transmission voltage level and number of circuit selection [4 hours]

– Effect of voltage level in power and energy loss, conductor and insulator economy
– Technical aspects of alternating current overhead lines: power and VAR transmission capability as functions of line
length, line impedance and voltage level,
– choice of voltage level for transmission for single and multiple circuit

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• Overhead line insulator design [8 hours]
– Factors affecting insulator design
– Air clearance computations, shield wires and tower grounding
– Overhead line insulator material, types of overhead line insulators
– Advantages of string insulators, string efficiency, string insulator configurations
– Selection of overhead line insulators considering continuous operating voltage and over voltages

• Conductor & support selections [10 hours]

– Electrical, mechanical and economical requirements
– Conductor material and preliminary size selection
– Meeting electrical requirements; voltage regulation, efficiency, corona etc.
– conductor choices, wire types and size, bundled conductors
– economical size determination
– Route selection for transmission lines
– Surveying requirements for transmission line design and construction
– mechanical aspects; tensioning and sagging, stringing chart, supports at unequal level
– tower design: span selection, ground clearance, moments acting on tower and tower strength computation

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• Electric power Distribution [4 hours]
– Underground and overhead lines systems
– Radial and networked systems.
– Distribution equipment: overhead lines, single phase and there phase cables, distribution transformers, switcher
– Voltage levels, regulation, compensation
– Urban and rural distribution system
– Right‐of‐way, effects of terrain and weather and other construction problems
– Distribution practices in rural and urban Nepal

• Electrical loads Characteristics & Load forecast [7 hours]

– Characterization of loads: domestic, commercial, industrial
– Time dependence of electrical loads: load duration curves, load factor, daily variation, seasonal and annual
variation, long and short term prediction of load, effects of conservation, effects of rates, diversity, load
uncertainty
– Characteristics of electric loads in Nepal
– Load forecasting techniques, small area load forecast

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• Distribution system design [5 hours]
– Load center selection
– Selection of distribution transformer locations, their sizes and primary voltage level
– selection of distribution line layout, distribution transformers, overhead lines and/or cables protection
– evaluation of capital and operation costs

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 Practical
• Design of an overhead transmission line (25 hour)
– Evaluation Of Electrical Requirements
– Choice Of Ac Or Dc, Voltage Level, Conductors, Insulators
– Route Selection Form Maps
– Civil And Mechanical Engineering Aspects: Right‐Of‐Way, Tower Design, Tensioning, Sagging, Construction Aspects
– Electrical performance: regulation, stability compensation, protection

• Design of a distribution system (15 hour)

– Evaluation Of Loads: Growth, Geographical Distribution
– Selection Of Distribution Line Layout, Distribution Transformers, Overhead Lines And/Or Cables Protection
– Evaluation Of Capital And Operation Costs

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 References
• Class notes
• Elgerd, "Electric Energy Systems Theory," McGrow Hill
• Stevnsion, "Elements of Power System Analysis," McGrow Hill
• Deshpande, "Elements of Electrical Power system Design," Pitman and Sons
• Marsh, Economics of Electric Utility Power Generation," Clarendon Press
• Gonen, T., 2011. Electrical power transmission system engineering: analysis and design. CRC press.
• Grigsby, L.L., 2006. Electric power engineering handbook. CRC Press LLC, London.
• Gonen, T., 2015. Electric power distribution engineering. CRC press.
• Bayliss, C.R., Bayliss, C. and Hardy, B., 2012. Transmission and distribution electrical engineering.
Elsevier.
• Pabla, A.S., 2012. Electric power distribution. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
• https://nepalindata.com/media/resources/items/15/bTransmission-System-Development-Plan-of-
Nepal.pdf  Transmission Line Development and Planning in Nepal (of 2018)
• Electric Power Distribution Engineering by Turan Gonen
• Power Distribution Planning Reference Book, H. Lee Willis
• Electric Power Distribution Reliability, Richard E. Brown

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 Evaluation
• Evaluation Scheme:
• *There could be a minor deviation in Marks distribution

Marks
Chapter Hours
Distributions*
1 4 8
2 4 8
3 8 16
4 10 16
5 4 8
6 7 16
7 5 8
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 General Electric Power
System Layout

Generation
Transmission
Distribution

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Based on Voltage levels

•low voltage distribution: 400/230 V;

•medium voltage distribution: 11 kV;
•medium voltage sub-transmission: 33 kV;
•high voltage transmission: 66 kV, 115 kV,
132kV and 220 kV;
•extra high voltage transmission: 400 kV

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 Transmission and Distribution System Design

• Voltage level selection • Load Identification and calculation

• Substation Design • Transformer Selection
• Tower Design • Feeder Length and Routing
• Insulator Design+ Equipment determination • Conductor/ Cable Selection
• Conductor/ Cable Selection
• Routing of lines

Top – Bottom
Approach

Bottom – Up
Approach

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 Typical planning process

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 Typical Expansion process

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