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Yellow Fever East Asian Fetish Among Anime Fans Otakus
Yellow Fever East Asian Fetish Among Anime Fans Otakus
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank everyone who helped me with this research paper; it would have
been impossible to do it without their assistance. Firstly, I would like to thank my parents
for their support. I am also thankful to my partner for inspiring me to work on this topic.
The primary research would have been impossible to conduct without the aid of the
people who did my survey. I specially have to thank my friend Iqram Zaman for giving
me ideas on this topic. Most importantly, I am grateful to my faculty Md. Mehedi Hasan
for teaching me to write a research paper. His guidance made it easier. He helped me to
see new perspective and fix my errors.
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ABSTRACT
The research paper finds out the psychological development and changes that affect
anime fans preference in women due to watching anime. Is finds out if anime actually
have any affect on its viewers in shaping their preference. After the research was done it
is clear that anime indeed affect the viewers’ preference in women. In fact it influence
them into becoming racial discriminators. The research paper also shows that their
preference affect them in their lives, some of the anime fans like to live in their make
belief world. They are creating a delusion for them to live in. Looking through some
online sources it became clear that anime have negative affects on their viewers. From
my primary data collection it is also clear that anime affected the viewers into liking East
Asian women more.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction…………………………………………………………… 5
Background…………………………………………………………… 6
Research Questions…………...………………………………………. 8
Hypothesis………………………………………………….…………. 8
Methodology…………………………………..………………………. 8
Recommendations……………………………………………………… 24
Limitations………………………...…………………………………… 24
Conclusions…………………………...………………………………... 25
References…………………………………...…………………………. 26
Appendix……………………………………………………………….. 27
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INTRODUCTION
Entertainment is a very important part of human lives and anime is doing a wonderful job
in keeping its viewers entertained. But problem arises when it starts affecting their
personality and preferences. Some anime even promotes unethical sexual behavior and
fetishizes child pornography as well as huge age gap relationships (Lent, 1999, p. 129).
Anime also influence viewers into fantasizing about East Asian women. They later with
time develop East Asian fetish. It is also known as yellow fever, a mental condition
where people prefer and desire East Asian women as companion. Their identity as East
Asians become more important to people with the fetish than other attributes as a human.
East Asian fetish objectifies East Asian women and puts a mental burden on them.
Japanese cartoons known as anime promotes East Asian culture and women to its
viewers. For this, anime fans become fascinated about their culture and women, which
creates an obsession. It’s mostly a physical attraction created by racial discrimination.
Though people with East Asian fetish usually try to disagree but actually their interest is
‘’purely superficial physical attraction’’ (Kim. 2011, Prasso. 2006, Cohen. 2002).
The focus of my research is how anime is influencing its viewers and creating East Asian
fetish among them. It is persuading them to become racial discriminators. The research
will find out how anime is affecting their mental state and their relationship with the
society. I wonder if their fetish is affecting their partner, if they are having problem
finding a partner and the impact of East Asian fetish on their lives. I hope to find answer
to these questions and know in detail about their lives through my research work.
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BACKGROUND
The real origin of anime is difficult to trace but it is assumed that anime series were
created from before World War II. But after the war for a long period of time anime was
not created. Osamu Tezuka, known as the god of anime and manga, is considered the
Walt Disney of Japanese cartoon. He was inspired by Walt Disney to create animes in his
own style. One of his most notable work is Astro Boy (1963) was the first anime to be
dubbed in English (Nagata, 2010, para. 9). Hayao Miyazaki, the founder of studio Ghibli,
is also a very important figure helping anime to be famous worldwide (Nagata, 2010,
papa. 13). Hayao Miyazaki even won Oscar for his film ‘Spirited Away’ (Chambers,
2012, p. 94). From 1970’s the anime industry started diversification and created new
genres. They are creating content for people of all ages and attracting audience from all
over the world. There are over 45 genres of anime. For mature audience anime has hentai,
ecchi, yaoi, harem, yuri etc. These genres show a lot of unethical sexual things that can
mentally and emotionally affect a viewer. Now a day many kids are growing up watching
and learning from anime all over the world (Nagata, 2010, para. 34). Anime often shows
more than what a child should see. It can affect people into developing different sexual
fetishes as well (Lent, 1999, pp. 127-128). Anime fans believe that anime is helpful for
them; it can help to create new friends, learn new language, and expand their imagination
(I. Zaman, personal communication, November 20, 2018). Parents shouldn’t see anime as
a threat for their children but think of it as them seeking answers to life (Bennett, 2009, p.
4). But unfortunately, there is a much darker effect on the fans that the fans themselves
are not aware of. Some anime fans think of anime characters as their better halves and
call them ‘waifu’. Some of the most popular female characters are Asuna Yuuki (Sword
Art Online), Lucy Heartfilia (Fairy Tail), Hinata (naruto), Rias Gremory (high school
DxD) etc. All of these characters have unrealistic physical features. Anime always shows
unrealistic features to make people more attracted and this creates different fetishes.
There are many genres of anime that only focuses on sexuality. Some ecchi animes are
watched by teens, also shows inappropriate sexual encounter. Due to pedophilic and other
fetishes shown in anime people are calling Japan as ‘weird Japan’ instead of ‘cool Japan’
(Galbraith, 2016, p. 127). Another popular part of anime fans lives is cosplays,
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Cosplaying means dressing up like characters and doing fantasy role play (Lin, 2008, pp.
12-13). Japan even has some cosply cafés where anime fans can interact with these
people dressed up and acting like characters (Lin, 2008, pp. 14-15). Cosplay has become
very popular in Bangladesh as well. But when people see Japanese people doing cosplays
they get very excited because they can do it more accurately. This is one of the main
causes why male anime fans become attracted to Japanese women. Some fans might
argue why them having a preference is considered a negative affect but their preference
goes to a stage where they create a racial stereotype (Gattig, 1015, para. 6). Japanese
women are shown as fragile, dependent, hyper sexual, and exotic in the films and media
(Shimizu, 2007). When humans view something for a long time it has mental affect on
them. These stereotypes become the truth true them and they find keen attraction towards
East Asian women. Japanese and Hentai porn was on the top ten list of most viewed porn
in 2017. Even in online dating sites Japanese or East Asian women has a different
demand. Here for East Asian women their race becomes more important than other
personality. This racial discrimination has a very negative effect on East Asian women
(Zheng, 2016, para. 23). They face different types of harassment and awkward situations
with people with East Asian fetish. Some East Asian women claimed they can feel that a
person has East Asian fetish by the way they interact with them (Gattig, 1015, para. 10).
Making someone feel uncomfortable due to their race is unfair and should be changed.
When anime is promoting these bizarre fetishes it is also promoting a lot of different kind
of crimes. In this globalizing world no one should feel uncomfortable due to his or her
race. Racial stereotypes should be abolished so everyone can feel equal and have
themselves judged as a person and not a race. If anime is creating or affecting it then
something should be done about it.
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In my research I plan to conduct research on NSU boys who watch anime regarding their
preference of women. My research will address the following research questions:
• What is East Asian fetish?
• What is anime?
• Do people who watch anime prefer East Asian to other women? If yes, why?
• Do boys in NSU watch anime?
• Do NSU students who watch anime prefer East Asian women?
• Why do NSU students who watch anime prefer East Asian women?
• What are the psychological effects of East Asian fetish?
• What are the social effects of East Asian fetish?
HYPOTHESIS
Boys in NSU who watch anime are mostly obsessed in the imaginary world and anime
creates a delusion for them regarding women. Since anime is Japanese cartoons, anime
promotes Japanese and East Asian women to its viewers and creates an illusion about
these women. So anime fans spend a lot of time fantasizing about East Asian women,
which turns into a fetish. Overtime, they start longing for an East Asian partner. They
prefer East Asian women to other countries’ women for marriage or relationship. I expect
to find that the boys in NSU who have been watching anime for a long time will fancy
East Asian women to any other countries’ women because anime is creating a fantasy
regarding East Asian women.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
For my primary research, I conducted a survey among students of NSU who watch anime
and interview them to know more about how anime influenced them into liking East
Asian women, which with time turned into a fetish. For this purpose I designed a
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questionnaire with various types of questions that helped me get different useful
information, which helped me to answer my research questions.
For my secondary research, I used online resources like articles, journals, and other
researches about this issue. Reliable search engines like Google were also used. Goggle
Scholar also was very helpful.
To collect primary data for my research I conducted a survey among 34 participants. All
of them were male anime fans in North South University. The survey provided me with
some interesting information that opened up new dimensions to my research.
Q1.
When
did
you
start
watching
anime
from?
12%
Childhood
15%
44%
Preteen
Teen
Adulthood
29%
Analysis: The graph shows that most anime fans watched anime from a very young age
when their personality is being built. Moreover, only 12% of the participants started
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watching anime after reaching adulthood, when their preference was already created. The
bigger population grew up watching anime and that is why anime had a very big affect in
shaping their personality.
Q2.
How
often
do
you
watch
anime?
Analysis: The graph shows that the biggest group among the participants, watch anime in
a weekly basis, 8 people among the 34 participants watch anime in a daily basis and only
7 people watch it rarely. This shows anime takes a major time from the participants lives
and no one said they don’t watch it.
11
0
5
10
15
20
25
Figure 3: Importance of anime in the viewers’ lives
Analysis: The graph shows that some of the participants are obsessed with anime and
most of the participants enjoy anime more than other sources of entertainment. A smaller
portion of the contributors think of anime as just a source of entertainment and aren’t
very serious about it.
Q4.
Do
you
like
East
Asian
women?
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Q5.
Did
you
like
East
Asian
women
before
watching
anime?
13
6% Yes
24%
No
41%
Figure 5: Affect of anime into liking East Asian women
Analysis: In the previous graph no one said they didn’t like East Asian women but this
graph shows that 29% people said they did not find them attractive before watching
anime but now they do. Only 6% claims to be not attracted. It clearly shows that Anime
promotes East Asian women to the viewers and strengthens my hypothesis.
Q6.
Why
do
you
like
East
Asian
women?
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12%
9%
They
are
cute
Q7.
Did
you
start
liking
East
Asian
women
more
after
watching
anime?
15
4%
22% 26%
Yes
Maybe
yes
Maybe
no
No
48%
Figure 7: Tendency of liking East Asian women more after watching anime
Analysis: the majority of the contributors said maybe yes to this question and the 2nd
largest group said yes. This clearly shows that anime affected them in shaping their
preference. Only 4% said that they didn’t like East Asian women more after watching
anime, they are the group that started watching anime in adulthood when their preference
was already created. 22% of the participants think that their probably did not like East
Asian women more after watching anime. This Graph proves my hypothesis.
Q8.
If
you
had
the
chance
to
marry
any
country’s
woman
in
the
world,
would
you
marry
an
East
Asian?
16
24% 21%
DeXinitely
Maybe
yes
no
I
don't
have
a
preference
23%
32%
Analysis: A bigger group wants to marry East Asian women but this question got a mixed
result. But only 24% of the people said they don’t have a preference that shows that they
are not only choosing life partners based on their race. 23% of the participants said they
would not marry an East Asian woman probably because they already found someone
they want to get married to. But this entire graph shows that racial discrimination is
present among anime fans.
Q9. On a scale of 1 to 5 how special are anime girls to you? (1 is lowest and 5 is
highest)
17
16
14 15
12
10
8
6
7
6
4
2 3 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
Analysis: Got a very mixed result from this questions answer. To some people Anime
girls are very special and to some they aren’t, over all it shows a balanced answer that
doesn’t contribute much to my hypothesis. But it shows that to some anime fans, female
characters from anime are more special than real girls.
Q10.
Is
your
preference
of
East
Asian
women
affecting
your
life
in
any
way?
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Yes,
a
lot
12%
62%
Somewhat
76%
No
12%
It
doesn't
have
any
effect
14%
Figure 10: Affect of East Asian women in viewers lives
Analysis: 76% of the participants claimed their preferences don’t have any affect on their
lives but I think they are unaware of the effects. Only a small group thinks that their
preference has a lot of negative affects and 12% think that it has small affects. But
4%
Yes
43%
No
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Q12. Does your preference of East Asian women hurt your relationship?
6%
12%
35%
A
lot
Sometimes
She
isn't
bothered
35%
12%
I
am
with
an
anime
girl
I
couldn't
Xind
a
girl
I
like
Q13.
Is
your
family
bothered
with
your
preference?
25
20
20
15
10
5 7
4
3
0
They
do
not
know
They
support
me
They
want
me
to
They
will
disown
They
know
but
marry
a
me
if
they
Xind
out
are
not
happy
Bangladeshi
girl
with
it
44%
15%
30%
15%
26%
Figure 14: Awareness about East Asian fetish among anime fans
Analysis: Only 30% of the people think that it might not be a healthy preference. 70% of
the viewers are unaware of the fact that their preference created by anime is making
social problems. It shows that they are unaware of the racial discrimination they are
doing as well.
Secondary Data:
Nagata, K. (2010, September 7). ‘Anime’ makes Japan superpower. The Japan Times.
Retrieved from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/
The article tells the readers about the reason for anime to become successful in the global
world. It also tells about the reasons behind the popularity of anime and what makes it
different to the viewers worldwide.
This highlights the anime fandom and the types of changes a person have after they start
watching anime. It also highlighted some of the social effects.
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This book voices the negative fetishes and fantasy anime creates for the viewers. It talks
about some very negative social effects as well.
Chambers, S. N. I. (2012). Anime: From cult following to Pop culture phenomenon. Elon
Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 3(2).
The article talks about stereotypical anime fans and their thought process.
This is about how Japanese anime promotes child pornography. Also it talks about the
changes on peoples’ views on young girls.
This article shows the affects of Japanese culture spreading to the world through anime
and manga. Also how it is promoting the value of East Asian women.
This research paper shows how Japanese idols are dressing up like anime women to
attract anime fans.
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Lent, J. A. (Ed.). (1999). Themes and issues in Asian cartooning: cute, cheap, mad, and
sexy. Popular Press.
The book shows the negative types of fetishes anime promotes. Also describes how
people are being affected by it.
Gattig, N. (2013, June 25). ‘Yellow fever’ and the fantasy of the Asian female. The Japan
Times. Retrieved from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/
The newspaper article talks about East Asian fetish and how people view them as. Also
how East Asian women see the issue as.
Zheng, R. (2016). Why Yellow Fever Isn't Flattering: A Case Against Racial
Fetishes. Journal of the American Philosophical Association, 2(3), 400-419.
The article debates about the racial stereotypes and sexual racism East Asian women
have to face.
The writer of the book discusses the image of East Asian women that is being created by
media.
Cohen, R. (2003). The Good, the Bad & the Difference: How to Tell Right from Wrong in
Everyday Situations. Harmony.
The writer talked about the bad effects of East Asian fetish and its impact on East Asian
women.
Kim, B. (2011). Asian female and Caucasian male couples: Exploring the
attraction. Pastoral Psychology, 60(2), 233-244.
This shows how East Asian women are viewed as in the eyes of American men.
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Prasso, S. (2009). The Asian mystique: Dragon ladies, geisha girls, and our fantasies of
the exotic Orient. PublicAffair
The book describes how East Asian women are shown to the world as exotic and
desirable.
My finding prove that my hypothesis was correct and watching anime does influence
NSU boys to find East Asian women more attractive over time.
RECOMMENDATIONS
My research shows that anime has mostly negative affect on north south university
students, especially among the students who started watching anime from a really young
age. Parents should be more cautious about what their children view and have an eye on
the age rating. The students should also try to raise awareness among them about this
issue.
LIMITATIONS
There were a lot of obstacles that prevented this research to be more accurate and
detailed. Time was a major factor here. Due to time constrains I had to conduct survey
only among 34 students. If there was more time it could have been a more informative
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research paper with more findings. There is not much research done on anime fan base of
Bangladesh, let alone North South University. So collecting secondary data based on this
country was impossible. A lot of books online were not free, so it was difficult to collect
data.
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Nagata, K. (2010, September 7). ‘Anime’ makes Japan superpower. The Japan Times.
Retrieved from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/
Chambers, S. N. I. (2012). Anime: From cult following to Pop culture phenomenon. Elon
Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 3(2).
Lent, J. A. (Ed.). (1999). Themes and issues in Asian cartooning: cute, cheap, mad, and
sexy. Popular Press.
Lin, J. L. (2008). ASTUDY OF TRANSNATIONAL IDOL OTAKU.
Gattig, N. (2013, June 25). ‘Yellow fever’ and the fantasy of the Asian female. The Japan
Times. Retrieved from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/
Zheng, R. (2016). Why Yellow Fever Isn't Flattering: A Case Against Racial
Fetishes. Journal of the American Philosophical Association, 2(3), 400-419.
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Cohen, R. (2003). The Good, the Bad & the Difference: How to Tell Right from Wrong in
Everyday Situations. Harmony.
Kim, B. (2011). Asian female and Caucasian male couples: Exploring the
attraction. Pastoral Psychology, 60(2), 233-244.
Prasso, S. (2009). The Asian mystique: Dragon ladies, geisha girls, and our fantasies of
the exotic Orient. PublicAffairs.
APPENDIX
Primary Information:
Name:
E-mail:
Please circle the chosen option
a) Anime is life
b) I like anime
c) Anime is just another form of entertainment
d) Do not like it
4. Do you like East Asian women?
a) Yes, a lot
b) Yes
c) Not so much
d) No
5. Did you like East Asian women before watching anime?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Did not find them attractive before
d) They are not attractive
6. Why do you like East Asian women?
a) They are cute
b) They resemble anime girls
c) They behave like anime girls
d) They are not special
7. Did you start liking East Asian women more after watching anime?
a) Yes
b) Maybe yes
c) Maybe no
d) No
8. If you had the chance to marry any country’s woman in the world, would you
marry an East Asian?
a) Definitely
b) Maybe yes
c) No
d) I don’t have a preference
9. On a scale of 1 to 5 how special are anime girls to you?
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1 2 3 4 5
10. Is your preference of East Asian women affecting your life in any way?
a) Yes, a lot
b) Somewhat
c) No
d) It doesn’t have any effect
11. Are you in a relationship?
a) Yes
b) No
c) In a relationship with anime girls
12. Does your preference of East Asian women hurt your relationship?
a) A lot
b) Sometimes
c) She isn’t bothered
d) I couldn’t find a girl I like
e) I am with an anime girl
13. Is your family bothered with your preference?
a) They do not know
b) They support me
c) They want me to marry a Bangladeshi girl
d) They will disown me if they find out
e) They know but are not happy with it
14. How do you think anime affected in shaping your preference?