Table of Contents

Letter of acceptance of the task ................................................................................................. 2

Site Background ......................................................................................................................... 3

Equipment .................................................................................................................................. 3

Risk assessment ......................................................................................................................... 5

Method Statement ...................................................................................................................... 7

Cross Section View (Car Park) .................................................................................................. 9

Reasons for flooding ................................................................................................................ 11

How to stop flooding ............................................................................................................... 12

Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 15

Appendix .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

References ................................................................................................................................ 19
 Letter of acceptance of the task
Brandon Tan Hong Wee

8658 N. Marsh Dr.

Pompano Beach, FL 33060

22 December 2021

Benjamin Chang An

31 Mill Lane
Kirkcaldy
KY6 2DU

Dear Mr Benjamin:

We are delighted to accept your task to survey Car Park X on the University Campus. It has
been reported that the area is prone to flooding. We will perform levelling fieldwork to
identify the slopes and varied heights of the various places to determine why flooding is
occurring and suggest few possible resolutions.
As a result, we'd want to plan the survey for December 30, 2021, with a two-hour completion
time, including levelling fieldwork.

When that, after the surveying job is completed, the survey data and cross-section drawings
will be submitted as a report.
We shall await additional communication from your office regarding the confirmation of the
day and time. Meanwhile, if you want further information, please call 546-XXX-654; we
eagerly await your response.

Sincerely,

Brandon Tan
(Brandon Tan Hong Wee)
Site Background
Car Park X is one of the parking lots on the University Campus. Aside from offering parking
for automobiles, the car park also includes space for motorcycles. There is a comprehensive
drainage system in the area, as well as some gullies. Furthermore, it is surrounded by well-
kept plants and trees, giving the University a lovely appearance, and the soil has aided in
stormwater management.

Equipment
1. 1 Auto Level and Tripod - Instruments that were used to measure the level by
automatically reducing variations and being able to read the values on the staff
through a magnifying camera with crosshair while using an even and stable tripod.

2. Leveling Staff – The instrument that is used to determine the level of the current place
it is placed at.
3. Chalk/Marker - Tools used to mark/labelled details on site.

4. Hammer – A tool used to insert the staff in the ground to achieve stability.

5. Measuring Tapes – A instrument that is used to measure distance between 2 points.

6. Booking Forms – A form that students will fill in with found data.
Risk assessment
Task and description: Date of approval:
RA & MS for which University of Reading To complete a 2-pec test and a levelling task in the parking x on the
Name of project: Levelling Fieldwork
Malaysia Approved by:
company? University campus.

Contract No: N/A Date of RA & MS: Revision date:

Required PPE:

Hard hat Eye protection Safety Boots Hi-Viz Gloves Ear protection Dust Mask

X X X
Part 1 – Task HS&E Risk Assessment
2 3 4
1
Health / Safety Risk assessment Mitigating action and mitigated risk assessment
What are the hazards? Who might be harmed, and how? Likelihoo Severity Risk What action is necessary to reduce risks to ALARP Likelihoo Severity Risk Any further actions to be
d (L=1-5) (S=1-5) Rating d (L=1-5) (S = 1-5) Rating
LxS (As Low as Reasonably Practicable) LxS completed?

 All task workers to be inducted to the task through a briefing.

Groups of people exposed to the hazard:
 Before going from one side to another, students should constantly be aware
 task workers
of their surroundings.
 Wearing right shoes in right weather conditions is critical in order to reduce
Due to the uneven slop and various sorts of ground
Slip, Trip and Falls 2 2 4 the risk of slip, trip and falls. 1 1 1  Briefing
surface conditions (flooded ground), students may
 Furthermore, students should avoid using their phones when going about the
slide.
campus.
 PPE (see Required PPE list) must be worn at all times.
 Groups of people exposed to the hazard:
 task workers  All task workers to be inducted to the task through a briefing, toolbox talk
and training.  Toolbox talk
Contact from Hand tools: Hammer for  Ensure that the right technique is followed when hammering object.  Training
placing nail.
Risk of student being struck by a hammer as a result 3 4 12  Supervisor should ensure the hammer is in good condition before using it.
2 3 6  Briefing
of poor technique or a hammer in poor condition
 PPE (see Required PPE list) must be worn at all times.
(loose or damaged handle is very danger).

Groups of people exposed to the hazard:

 task workers

Risk of injury to the task workers through improper

Injury through improper lifting of the  All task workers to be inducted to the task through a toolbox talk and trained
lifting technique or lifting too much weight.
survey equipment (Tripod, reading staffs) in proper lifting technique.  Toolbox talk
and/or lifting beyond physical ability.  Only students who are physically capable are permitted to carry the  Training
Increased risk of injury to task workers and a risk of
injury to others if non-task workers interfere with the 2 2 4 equipment. 1 2 2  Briefing
 The lift area must be free of tools, materials and those not directly involved
lift.
in the lift.
 PPE (see Required PPE list) must be worn at all times.
Increased risk of injury to task workers if the area
around the lift is not clear and free of obstructions.

Groups of people exposed to the hazard:

 task workers  All task workers to be inducted to the task through a briefing.
 Briefing
Sun or heat exposure 2 2 4  Should arrange some umbrellas to prevent the job worker from being 1 1 1
Risk of student getting sunstroke due to hot weather. exposed to the sun for an extended period of time.

Table below shows the risk assessment Matrix

CONSEQUENCES

Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Almost Certain [5] Moderate (5) High (10) High (15) Catastrophic (20) Catastrophic (25)

Likely [4] Moderate (4) Moderate (8) High (12) Catastrophic (16) Catastrophic (20)
LIKELIHOOD

Possible [3] Low (3) Moderate (6) Moderate (9) High (12) High (15)

Unlikely [2] Low (2) Moderate (4) Moderate (6) Moderate (8) High (10)

Rare [1] Low (1) Low (2) Low (3) Moderate (4) Moderate (5)
Method Statement
Yes No
5 - Is a method statement required for the task?

6 - Supervision
Name of Supervisor Competencies
Dr. Mustafa Klufallah
Sr. Ts. Dr Radzuan Sa’ari
Responsibilities to strictly manage the task
 Toolbox talk must be given prior to the activity.
 Demonstration of the correct way of using the equipment.
 Ensure the site is free from hazards.
 Check whether the equipment is in good condition or not.

7 - Competent labour resource

Restrictions and pre-
< 18
Name Trade Competencies existing ill-health /
Y/N
disabilities
Kok Een Bei N -
Erika Tham Wei N -
Lyn
See Thian Wee N -
Tan Wei Jun N -
Amanda Yao Ling N -
Tong Jun Xian N -
Boo Xue Yu N -
Gwee Ying Ying N -
Ong Xin Hui N -

8 - Plant & equipment and material resource

Hard Hat Auto Level
Hi-Viz Whiteboard Marker
Mask Booking Form
Tripod Levelling Turtle
Measuring tape Hammer

9 - Logical sequence of the task (from delivery to disposal of waste)

Time allowed for planning Task start date
2 hours
Sequence
All task workers must have attended the task
1 6
toolbox talk.
Before entering the vehicle park, do an
instrument test to see whether the instrument
2 is operating correctly; if the instrument is not
working properly, submit it to the relevant
firm for quick modification.
Ensure that the equipment is placed in an
3 area free of objects that might interfere with
the data collection process.
Set up the auto level by observing the bubble
4 level (make sure to make the bubble appear
in the middle.)
Adjusting the lens until the hair cross is in
5 10
focus and you can clearly see the staff.
Est. task completion date
Using the measuring tape, confirm that the
distance between the auto level and the staff
is precise.
Start to observe the staff by using the correct
7
technic and sequence.
Record the collected data in the booking
8 form, make sure the value is in 3 decimal
places.
A result calculation must be done as soon as
9 the task ended, identify the reliability of the
result using correct formula.
A redo is necessary if the collimation error of
the resulting result is larger than the
misclosure allowance. If this is not the case,
the fieldwork for levelling has been finished.

10 - Are any permits required? (highlight or circle)

Permit to Load / Use
Ladder / Stepladder Permit to Enter a
Hot Work Permit Permit to Dig and Unload /
Permit Confined Space
Dismantle
Permit to Work on Other
Request for Isolation
Live Electrical Pressure Test Permit Permit to Access
of Services
Systems

11 - Attachments (drawings / sketches / special risk assessments e.g. COSHH)

 1 4
2 5
3 6

12 - Emergency procedures relevant to the task

Foreseeable emergency Escape / rescue / mitigation procedures
Serious injury that requires Nearest Hospital:
an instant first aid.
Gleneagles Medini Hospital
Tel no : 07-560 1000
Address: 2, Jalan Medini Utara,
79250 Nusajaya,
Johor.

Nearest Ambulance Service:

First Ambulance Johor

Tel no :1-300-88-1919
Address: Iskandar Malaysia Studio (First Ambulance Services Sdn Bhd)
No. 1, Persiaran Layar Perak,
79250 Nusajaya,
Johor.

An emergency necessitates a Anjung Police Station

police inquiry. Tel no: 07-510 3222
Address: Lot 375, Persiaran Ledang Heights,
East Ledang,
79250 Nusajaya,
Johor.

13 - Review of the Combined Task Risk Assessment & Method Statement

 review at least monthly to ensure continual improvement
Date of review:
Reviewed by:
Revision No:
Cross Section View (Car Park)
CROSS SECTION VIEW OF THE CARPARK X
MR3 - MR1 TBM - SC1 Gullies - Drain

76.876.633
76.539 76.556
76.6
76.4
76.163
REDUCED LEVE (M)

76.2

7675.867
75.8
75.51
75.6
75.345
75.4
75.137
75.2

75
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
DISTANCE (M)

With this graph above we can compare the slope between the three lines and determine the
overall flatness of the car park. From MR3 to MR1 which a horizontal slope of the edge of
the surveying site and from TBM to SC1, we can see that car park has different degrees slope
at different areas which may cause puddles of water to exist when there is rainfall. With this
we can assume that flooding can occurs easily with the existence of the puddles of water due
to the unevenness of the car park.

FROM GULLIES TO DRAIN

76.6
76.5
76.4
REDUCED LEVEL (M)

76.3
76.2
76.1
76
75.9
75.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
DISTANCE (M)

The graph shown above shows the slope from the gullies to the drains, and as shown the
height changes is around 0.7m while the distance is around 25.5m. This can be considered as
a slope that help the rainwater to flow faster into the gullies so we can confirm that the
drainage system would normally work under the standard conditions.
 FROM MR3 TO MR1
76.64

76.62
REDUCED LEVEL (M)

76.6

76.58

76.56

76.54

76.52
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
DISTANCE (M)

The graph shown above is to describe the slope of the car park horizontally when looking at
figures during site task shown at the appendix. With the values shown we can see that the car
park has a very slight slope which may just be considered as flat since the height change by
around 0.1m while the distance changed is around 17m. Which mean the flooding can occur
easily.

From TBM to SC1

76.4

76.2
Reduced Level (m)

76

75.8

75.6

75.4

75.2

75
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Distance (m)

As shown on the graph above, this graph has the point TBM to SC3 to SC2 to SC1. As we
can observed that all the slope is significant enough for the rainwater to flow rapidly but there
are 2 slopes with rainwater flowing towards SC2, this can cause water the store in that ‘hole’
and be the starting for a flood to occur.
Reasons for flooding
Flooding in the car park could happen but rare since it is a very flat open area with slopes.
But as mentioned there are situations where it could happen, in our knowledge and
experiences we can think of 3 possibilities.

The first situation is heavy and long rain. Rain often happens and depending on the time of
the year heavy rain could happen quite often, so usually the building requirements of the car
park should have this covered. Unfortunately, in the case of this car park the land may be a
bit too flat which may cause flooding since the liquids could not flow rapidly into the drains.
And through some other observations we realized that there are a lot of drains around the car
park but the majority of them are on the walk path which is slightly higher than the ground
level of the car park. So due to this, small flooding may happen since the drainage system
will work when water is let into it which is when the water level is at a level where it could
be considered a small flood. Even though some smaller drains are spotted on the car park but
in this situation, we mention they would not be enough.

The second situation will be clogged drains and plant infiltrations. Obviously, clogged drains
would be done by the human in the areas since usually the items clogging the drains will be
large plastics or large amounts of rubbish stacked together which will reduce the water
flowing efficiency which means the drains would help in heavy rains. Plants infiltration
would only happen with the presence of trees which were placed around the car park, this
will only occur when the pipes have cracks which could be caused by many reasons like,
workers being careless or small animals/insects causing holes from inside the pipes.
The last situation is related to the second situation, and it is poor maintenance. Regular
maintenance of these drains is required but not often, maybe 2 to 4 times per year is good,
since weather is unpredictable. But without proper checking on the drains, we normally
would not know that the drainage system is not working or not.

As for the suspect mentioned by client which isn’t included in here is the surface material, we
believe that this factor could have an impact on the flooding issue but with the current
information we have, we do not think that the surface material would be a major factor that is
contributing towards the flooding.

How to stop flooding

One way to reduce flooding is to use permeable pavements, which can be used in a low-speed
area like a car park. But how can permeable pavement be used as a tool to reduce flooding?
These permeable pavements can allow solvents to pass through it which can reduce the
amount of rainfall going into the drainage, in other words it is a cheap and less effective way
to reduce flooding but due to it not needing maintenance often and able to work in low-speed
area we can cover the whole car park with it. This method is also eco-friendly since grass can
grow in it while not disturbing the efficiency of the permeable pavements. Not only that, but
we can also prevent the need to redesign the car park since the majority of the car park is flat
and the slope area is enough to prevent the flooding caused by the huge flat area in the car
park.
The second way is the more obvious one which is just to increase the number of drains or the
surface areas of the drains. But with this method it will be more costly and less eco-friendly
compared to the method above since the new drains need to be connected to the drainage
system which requires more construction. Another problem is where to add the drains since
the car park we surveyed has already placed the drains at the edge of the car park. The way I
see it we would be adding them into places like the middle of the road where cars would not
usually drive over, which will take much more effort as we mentioned previously. If we put
drains in the middle of the roads throughout the car park this could be really effective since it
can solve the problem of the flat area not allowing rapid flow of rainwater, with drain in the
middle of the road we can let water in more often which just allow the drainage system to do
its job. Or we could increase the surface area of the original drains to the drain to accept the
water much faster, with this method the cost and workload would greatly decrease since we
are just redesigning the original drains, but it would be less effective when it comes to
reducing the amount of flooding since we did not solve the problem that the flat area brings.

And lastly would be just to improve the maintenance of the drains to confirm that the
drainage system is fully working, since the intention of having a drainage system is to prevent
flooding, ensuring the system is fully working is most likely the best way to prevent flooding.
But there is still a way to prevent the flooding, but this method is not recommended since it
requires reconstructing the car park. Because of the uneven slope which can cause puddle we
could remove it by redesigning the car park, but as mentioned above it is not recommended
since it is not cost effective when compared to the other method mentioned.

Conclusion

After some thoughts, we concluded that if we want to improve the car park's security against
flooding the best way would be to implement permeable pavement and ensure good
maintenance, since this way cost is kept within a reasonable range with the benefit of
improving the drainage system in an eco-friendly way. But if we do not factor in the cost, we
would recommend implementing the drains in the middle of the road of the car park and
redesigning the whole car park to ensure the slope on the car park is pushing the water
towards the drains, since we believe that the original drainage system is compactible enough
to prevent flooding from happening. Additionally good maintenance also is needed since we
are relying on the drainage system alone to prevent flooding. Lastly, we do not recommend
using permeable pavement and add in more drains in the middle of the road together, since
both of them reduces the efficiency of how they function, when the permeable pavement
traps water the drain in the middle of the road would not have the design amount of water
flowing into them.
Discussion
Challenges during the practical levelling fieldwork
We concluded the findings were incorrect on the first try at surveying the location since they
differed from the calculated results due to our unfamiliarity with the equipment. As a result,
we had to request a redo since the findings were not accurate enough. We discovered the
possible faults we may have made on the first try on the second try.

1. Tripod condition - Because we want the highest precision, we need to make sure the
tripod is in good shape so that while it's in position, the auto level’s level doesn't vary
when we move it.

2. Ground conditions have an impact on data accuracy - data tends to contain

slight errors when we attempt to calculate the outcome, due to different ground
conditions.

3. Pointing the auto level to staff - Due to the wrong pointing technique or not focusing
object correctly, we were unable to assure that the staff was read accurately through
the auto level every time.

4. Climate/weather conditions – During the practical setting out, there was a sudden
change of weather from a hot sunny day to a rainy day disrupting the process.

5. Obstructions while setting out – Due to the site located at a carpark, motorcycles (fig
2.0) could be seen obstructing the process. Tree branches shown in Figure 1.0, can
be seen interfering the process of data collecting.
Appendix
Figure 1: Team members pushing Tree branches away

Figure 2.0: Motorcycles parked

Results and Calculations
2 Peg Test

Levelling task booking form (Using Excel)

Backsight Intermediate Foresight Height of Reduced Remark
Sight Collimation Level
1.257 - 76.602 75.345 TBM
1.864 0.993 77.473 75.609 MS
1.606 75.867 Gullies
2.336 75.137 SC2
1.314 0.917 77.870 76.556 Drain
1.048 1.331 77.587 76.539 MR1
1.424 76.163 SC1
1.029 1.954 76.662 76.633 MR3
1.152 75.510 SC3
1.316 75.346 TBM
6.512(bs) 6.511(fs)
6.511(fs) 75.345(First)
75.346(Last)
0.001m 0.001m
Working:
Reduced level = Height of Collimation-Foresight
Reduced level = Height of Collimation-Intermediate sight
Height of Collimation = Reduced level + Backsight
Checking:
Total of Backsight-Total of Foresight = Final Reduced Level-First Reduced level
6.512 – 6.511 = 75.346 – 75.345
0.001 = 0.001

Allowance misclosure = ±5 √ N mm
Where N = Number of instrument positions

Allowance misclosure = ±5 √ 9 mm
= 0.015m
Thus, actual misclosure (0.001m) < allowance misclosure (0.015m), the levelling is
acceptable.

Figures during the site task

A self-drawn 1:100 scale site to find the shortest distance between the intermediates.
References
Evaluating the potential benefits of permeable pavement on the quantity and quality of

stormwater runoff | U.S. Geological Survey. (2020, May 30). USGS.

https://www.usgs.gov/centers/upper-midwest-water-science-

center/science/evaluating-potential-benefits-permeable-pavement

N. (2021, September 15). Signs that tree roots are infiltrating your pipes. Nuflow.

https://nuflow.net/signs-that-tree-roots-are-infiltrating-your-pipes/