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ELEMENTARY

SCIENCE 6
ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE
FOURTH QUARTER | MODULE 1 OF 1

“THE EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANIC ERUPTION”

Teacher Christian Jade G. Quijano

Subject Teacher

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE |SCIENCE 6

 INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE
Now, more than ever, the academic community faces new challenges brought about by the health
crisis. With this recognition, the Department of Education (DepEd), through its Basic Education Learning
Continuity Plan (BE-LCP) identified different learning delivery modalities to ensure learning even without face-
to-face instruction in the classroom. One such modality is the Modular Distance Learning (MDL), where self-
learning modules or SLMs are to be used as primary learning resources.

Valuing this need and to fortify opportunities, Pres. Quirino Treasured Child School, Inc. gives life to
Enhanced Learning Module (ELM). This is our response to the call for quality instructional resources in
varying learning delivery modalities. It features to the non-negotiable attributes of self-learning modules,
namely interactive, self-implementing, self-instructional, and compact. Our ELMs are also complaint to the
learning timeframe recommended in the DepEd Order No. 1, s. 2021.

Moreover, the ELMs are developed based on the K to 12 curriculum guides (2016). They are also
enhanced with resources in digital forms and additional contents that further engage, support, and challenge
the learners. The learning examples and opportunities within the ELMs address the six facets of the Filipino
whole learner: healthy, safe, engaged, supported, challenged and value-oriented.

After completing the discussions, activities, and exercises in the ELMs, it is hoped that the learners
become more creative and critical thinkers, life and career-ready, healthy and holistically developed. An
integral part of our aspiration is that they become lifelong learners while the PQTCS stays true to its mission in
creating quality learning solutions.

The elements of the ELMs are consistent with those stated in the DepEd Self-Learning Modules
Framework. These are as follows:

1. Introduction – Each ELMs starts with an overview of the topic or content to be covered in the module.
2. Pre-Test – This provides test items that check the learner’s prior knowledge of the lessons.
3. Target – This presents the learning objectives that are based on the K-12 learning competencies and standards.
4. Optimize – This allows the learners to review and revisit previously learned concepts.
5. Capture – This provides the learner with activities that jumpstart the discussion.
6. Navigate – This provides clear and concise discussion of the content to sufficiently develop the intended learning
competencies.
7. Enrich – Learner’s understanding of the concepts and skills are reinforced through guided and independent activities/
assessments.
8. Focus – This allows the learner to summarize and synthesize key ideas presented in the lessons.
9. Apply – This engages the learner in tasks that will enable him\her to transfer the knowledge and skills learned to real
life situations, issues and problems.
10. Post-Test – This end-of-module assessment evaluates the learner’s level of mastery in achieving the learning targets.

For the learner, the following are some reminders in using this ELM:

1. Use the module with care.

2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this ELM, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this ELM, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE |SCIENCE 6

 OVERVIEW

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are natural calamities that affect changes on the
Earth’s surface. Volcanic activities and earthquakes modify the landscape randomly and
remarkably.
The effects brought about by these changes might not be immediately visible, but over
time, the effects would become greater, and thus, more observable.
This module will serve as a guide in identifying the different effects of earthquake and
volcanic eruptions on the earth’s surface and on how they can greatly affect the lives of people,
animals, and also to other organisms. This will help you acquire more ideas on why and how
certain changes take place, why they happen, and what we must do to prepare for them
Have fun and enjoy learning with this lesson.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the module, I can…

1. identify the different effects of an earthquake and volcanic eruptions on the earth’s
surface;
2. describe changes on the earth’s after an earthquake and volcanic eruptions happen; and
3. create a tri-fold volcanic safety brochure

ACTIVATING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

Independent Activity 1. Written Works

Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. This refers to the effects of the earthquake on the destructions of buildings,

infrastructures, crops, as well as the number of casualties __________.
A. Magnitude B. Intensity C. Focus D. Epicenter
2. When is an area surrounding a volcano NOT considered a danger area?
A. stable and far from the crater
B. might experience landslides
C. might be buried in lava
D. might experience a range of earthquake shocks
3. This refers to the amount of energy released by an earthquake from its focus _________.
A. Intensity B. Magnitude C. Epicenter D. Focus
4. How will you keep yourself safe during calamities?
A. Disregard the precautionary measures
B. Follow the precautionary measures
C. Ignore the precautionary measures
D. Both a and c
5. Which of the following event causes an earthquake?
A. changing temperature
B. too much heat from the sun
C. mixture of crustal plates
D. movement of crustal plates

Now that you’ve answered the activity, answer the following questions:
J Is the activity difficult or not?

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE |SCIENCE 6

 J How did you come up with your answers?

Well, how was it? Do you think you hit the right answers? If you fared well, very good! It means
that you have known much about the topic. But don’t be too confident enough, you might learn
new things from this module.
Are you ready? Let’s begin.

LESSON 1: EARTHQUAKE

LESSON

The earth consists of different layers. Its surface belongs to the first layer called the
crust. This layer is made up of several large and small plates. The middle layer is called
mantle. It is the thickest layer of the earth and is mostly made up of magma. The central
layer is called the core and is divided into liquid layer called outer core and a solid layer
called inner core. The movement of plates on the crust is often accompanied by earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions.
The Illustration of the Different Layers of the Earth

A. EARTHQUAKE

An earthquake is the sudden movement or vibration of the crust. It is caused when rock
masses shift in new position. As the rock masses shift into new positions, the energy stored in
the rock masses is transmitted onto the surface in the form of seismic (earth vibration)
earthquake waves. Earthquakes usually happen along faults. Faults are cracks in Earth’s crust
between two huge plates. The plate on each side of a fault grinds against each other with
tremendous force. The motion of the ground during an earthquake is measured by an instrument
called a seismograph.

There are two types of earthquakes. These are the volcanic and tectonic earthquakes. A
volcanic earthquake happens with a strong volcanic eruption while tectonic earthquake is
caused by the movement of the earth’s crust. A tectonic earthquake may occur on land or
beneath the ocean.

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE |SCIENCE 6

 The strength of an earthquake is measured in terms of magnitude and intensity.

Magnitude refers to the amount of energy released by an earthquake from its focus.
Focus or origin within a fault is the weakest part where the slippage of rocks occurs and where
the earthquake originates. The area above the focus is called the epicenter where strong
shaking of the ground is felt.

In measuring an earthquake’s magnitude, we use the Richter scale which was developed
by Charles F. Richter, an American seismologist.

In the Philippines, we use the PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and

Seismology) Earthquake Intensity Scale in measuring the earthquake’s intensity.

The Richter Scale

Magnitude
0-1.9 Detected only by seismograph
2-2.9 Hanging objects may swing
3-3.9 Comparable to vibrations of a
passing truck
4-4.9 May break windows, cause small or
unstable objects to fall
5-5.9 Damage to well-built structures,
severe damage to poorly built
ones
6-6.9 A roughly cut piece may fall from
walls
7-7.9 Building displaced from
foundations; cracks on Earth’s
surface; underground pipes are
broken
8-8.9 Bridges destroyed, few
structures left standing
9 and above Near-total destruction

Intensity measures how much damage earthquakes cause on the surface or the effects
of destruction of buildings, infrastructures, crops, as well as number of casualties on earth.

EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE

Fissure- is a narrow opening or crack of

considerable length and depth usually
occurring from some breaking of the earth’s
surface due to an earthquake.

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE |SCIENCE 6

 Building destruction – ground shaking is
the primary cause of earthquake damage
to man-made structures like buildings,
houses etc.

Liquefaction – ground failure or loss of

strength structures that can cause major
damage of infrastructure like roads after an
earthquake.

Tsunami – these are series of waves in a water

body caused by the displacement of a large
volume of water, generally in an ocean or large
lake cause by underwater volcanic eruptions.

Landslide – is the movement of rock, earth,

or debris down a sloped section of land cause
by rain, earthquakes, volcanoes or other
factors that make the slope unstable.

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE |SCIENCE 6

 B. VOLCANO

Volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust. Molten rocks, ashes, and gaseous materials are
forced out through its opening. The opening of a volcano is called the crater. In the Philippines
there are many volcanoes. Some of the active volcanoes are Mt. Bulusan in Sorsogon, Mt.
Pinatubo in Zambales, Mt. Canlaon in Negros Oriental, and Hibok-Hibok Volcano in Camiguin.

Volcanoes vary in sizes. Some are just low-lying depressions while others are tall, like Mt.
Mayon. Volcanoes also vary in shape. Some are shaped like a cone while others are like a dome.

How does a volcanic eruption occur? When tectonic plates collide, massive rocks
underground deform and trigger a build-up of temperature and pressure. The high temperature
and pressure results in melting of rocks, producing magma.

Inside the volcano is a magma chamber. Molten rock inside this chamber is forcefully
driven out by intense heat and pressure. The release of magma from the crater is called a
volcanic eruption. The magma that flows out on the surface is called lava. When volcano erupts,
it throws out lava together with gases, rocks, and ashes.

A volcanic eruption can be explosive or nonexplosive. An eruption is explosive when large

amount of pyroclastic materials are ejected by the volcano into the air. Pyroclastic materials
consist of lava, ashes, volcanic glass, and rocks. It occurs when gases in the magma are trapped,
causing a build up of pressure in the magma chamber which result the gases to expand very
quickly and explode violently that can last for several hours or days.

In a nonexplosive eruption, lava just flows out of the crater and gaps along the sides of
the volcano. This kind of eruption happens when there is a less pressure in the magma chamber.

ASSESSMENT

Independent Activity 2. Written Work

Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Where does an earthquake originate?
A. Epicenter B. Focus C. intensity D. Magnitude
2. What kind of volcanic eruption when there is a large amount of pyroclastic are ejected by the
volcano into the air?
A. Quiet eruption B. Nonexplosive eruption C. Explosive eruption D. None of the above
3. Which of the following event causes an earthquake?
A. Mixture of crustal plates B. Too much heat from the sun
C. Movement of crustal plates D. Changing temperatures
4. What does PHIVOLCS mean?
A. Philippine Institute of Volcanology
B. Philippine Institute of Volcanologists
C. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
D. Philippine Institute of Volcanologists and Seismologists
5. At what magnitude can an earthquake cause displacement of buildings and cracks on the
earth’s surface?
A. Magnitude 5 B. Magnitude 6 C. Magnitude 7 D. Magnitude 8

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE |SCIENCE 6

 B. Write true if the statement is correct and false if not. Write your answer in the space
provided.
______1. When lava just flows out of the crater and gaps along the sides of the volcano, it is an
explosive eruption.
______2. Earthquakes may happen when crustal plates move.
______3. When magma flows on the surface, it is already called lava.
______4. An earthquake may happen after a volcanic eruption.
______5. Volcanic eruptions can destroy properties and kill people.

Independent Activity 3. Performance Task.

Make a tri-fold safety brochure. Your brochure should include information about how to
stay safe during an earthquake and volcanic eruptions. Illustrate your brochure with colorful
pictures.

Rubrics:

-END OF MODULE-

ELEMENTARY ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE |SCIENCE 6