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november-december 2021
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NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2021
07 Edit note
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08 Likes mignonne dsouza
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08 CÀOS editorial consultant
10 ESMÉE shailendra mehta
12 MODERN CLASSIC HOME shailendra@ifj.co.in
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18 Transformation
studio head
18 CAVOUR 82 harish raut
20 COLOUR ME HAPPY harish@ifj.co.in
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26 Materials subscribe@ifj.co.in
28 Industry overview
28 concrete
34 Fiber cement board
40 Marble
46 PLYWOOD
52 LAMINATES
58 Wooden flooring
64 GLASS
70 CERAMIC TILES
76 leather
82 PAINT
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EXPLORE.
American
Hardwoods.
Architects and designers all
over the world have embraced
American hardwoods for the range of
colours, grains and textures they offer,
as well as for their consistency in
grade, quality and supply and their
sustainable credentials.
For more information visit:
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CÀOS
Silvia Bini, Viareggio
Commission: Studio Svetti Architecture, Italy
Materials used:
Metal, plaster, silk velvet, polished concrete.
The Càos store is the last of the projects carried out by the Tuscan
entrepreneur Silvia Bini, who is a reference name for luxury retail.
Characterised by the simplicity of lines and shapes, it is dedicated to
prestigious brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Fendi, Celine, Saint Laurent
and Stella McCartney. Located in the former Sorelle del Mare on the city’s
waterfront, which eliminates partitions. Spread over 800 sq. m., the space
features a staircase in a tripe-volume along with a minimum use of materials.
LIKES
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photos wichmann+bendtsen
ESMÉE
above the tables, one would are upholstered in deep-
find large trees and greenery green leather Nuance seats,
in the areas. Neutral grey and which maintain a patterned
green comprise the colour Dedar fabric. These booths sit
palette, which maintain a light alongside the Loafer Chairs,
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Materials used:
Teakwood, cement tiles, brass, wood.
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photos suryan and dang
LE MARCHE
Gurugram
Commission: Group DCA, New Delhi
The rear portion has a cold cuts Customised task lights enable the
section and a wine and beverages product range to remain the visual
boutique, which offers customers with focus, as compared to generic
independent enclosed areas in an ambient lighting. Spotlights mounted
otherwise centralised store. The venue upon the track systems illuminate
also offers world foods, household items the area in a diffused light, which
and other items, and the black and white also divert the focus away from the
November-December 2021
interiors create the distinctive visual utilitarian exposed ceiling (metal grid
identity. Harlequin checkered floors, and wooden louvered members).
monochrome tiles, sleek metal partitions They also visually guide the
and lighten wooden tones comprise the customers through the layout, while
design language. brightly illuminated signage enable
them to traverse the store.
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photos sanjith seetharam
LEXUS SHOWROOM
Bengaluru
Commission: DS2 Architecture,
Bengaluru
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photos iuri niccolai
transparency, privacy and intimacy. The firm has maximised the height of
the original single floor environment, which creates a mezzanine floor for a
second bedroom, private bathroom and Turkish baths. A glass partition in
CAVOUR 82
burnished metal separates the two levels, along with adding permeability.
The rooms feature soft and natural tones that add a warm and welcoming
feel, such as petrol green in the living area and ultramarine blue in the
master bedroom along with slatted dark oak flooring.
Italy The restoration work involved demolishing a section of the original attic,
which allowed the firm to create a double-height space. As a result, the
single area is instantly transformed into a spacious and fuctional split-level
Commission: Pierattelli Architecture, Italy apartment. One enters into an open-plan living area with a compact Arcilinea
peninsula kitchen in a petrol-green colour, along with a freestanding Smeg
Materials used:
Glass, dark oak, marble, metal glass.
Transformation
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photos the fishy project
COLOUR ME HAPPY
Mumbai
Commission: Kaviar: Collaborative, Mumbai
Materials used:
Brick, metal, brass.
elements running across the periphery, are however
The client wanted to a reenvisage an replicated to form a seating element in the dining
erstwhile dull stock builder apartment into space. Flowing across the ceiling and walls, the pipes
a colourful home, which spread across 1,222 also form open shelving and lighting features.
sq. ft. Apart from the bold colours, patterns,
prints, textures and artefacts amplify the Mid-way into the design, the firm discovered the
space as it extends the client’s personality. client to be a closet artist. A singular wall is converted
The code-approved red firefighting pipe is into a gallery with an artist, where the minimal
functionally an important safety feature, but two-dimensional linework displays the client’s
is regarded as an eyesore to most residents. artwork. Colour pops through the living and dining
Three existing red pipes are seen as linear spaces using patterns, prints and textures in the soft
furnishings. Though the bedrooms have individual
colour schemes, but remain true to the original
emotion of joy. In the grandparents’ room, several
older pieces are upcycled to create new furniture. A
deep-red Pichwai artwork adorns the wall within a
curved arch, which serves as a memento.
Transformation
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photos dirk weiblen
ETHAI CAFÉ
Shanghai
Commission: Quarda and Armando, Shanghai
Materials used:
Rammed earth, terrazzo, wood.
Transformation
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Transformation
KNOW YOUR MATERIALS: 700 : Iron
We all know that iron has been
1775 : Iron
reinvented
1852 : Engineered
timber
a quick history used in Roman Arches as ties.
Though iron has been used in
buildings for centuries, the first
known use of iron as a primary
iron was rediscovered as a
construction material in 1775,
The first use of engineered
timber was in the Church of St.
when it was used to build the iron Luke in Formby, England, which
structural material was in late bridge in England. Iron bridge used something resembling
7th century China, when the Tang Shropshire, England (1775) iron modern Glulam beams. However,
concrete
What's nice about concrete
is that it looks unfinished.
Zaha Hadid
The cement era : early days In
India, the cement era began in 1914, when a cement
manufacturing plant was set up by the Indian Cement
Company Ltd. in Porbundar in Gujarat. By 1924, The industry speaks years. The cement industry is one of the eight
India’s cement production was 267,000 tons. However, According to Vivek Patni, Director, Wonder core industries of the country and contributes
the dependency on imported cement due to lower Cement, Udaipur, Rajasthan is the second- substantially to the economy. Construction
rates resulted in closure of many indigenous units. largest producer of cement in the world. He sector is the biggest employment provider
Subsequently, the Cement Manufacturers Association says, “One of the key drivers for the growth after agriculture.”
was formed in 1925 followed by the formation of the of the cement industry is infrastructure,
Concrete Association of India in 1927.This enabled the employing more than a million people, directly The cement production reached 334.48 million
local stakeholders to approach the government and the or indirectly. Ever since the deregulation of the tonnes (MT) in FY20 and was estimated to touch
British government constituted a tariff board, which industry, in 1982, the Indian cement industry 550 MT by 2020. (source: A report by Cement
recommended protection of the indigenous industry has attracted huge investments, both from Manufacturers’ Association). The industry is
against the dumping of the imported cement. When the Indian as well as foreign investors.” Elaborating dominated by major giants such as Ultratech
partition came, out of 24 factories from the undivided upon the recent strides of the cement industry, Cement, Ambuja Cement, ACC Cement and Shree
country, India retained 19 with an annual production Arvind Bodhankar, Joint Executive President and Cement. There are few regional players as well,
of 2.1 million tons. 1948, the government adopted Chief Sustainability Officer, Ultra Tech Cement with a significant capacity, such as, J K Cement,
the Cement Expansion Scheme which envisaged new and Director, Global Cement and Concrete J K Laxmi Cement and Nuvoco Cement. The top
factories to increase the production. New factories were Association (GCCA) says, “The growth rate of 20 companies account for almost 70 per cent
established at Bagalkot, Jaipur, Orissa, Travancore etc. In cement production in the first half of the last of the total production in the country. Vivek
1950-51, there were 22 operating units with an installed decade was around 5 per cent, however, the Patni says, “Statistically, a total of 210 large
capacity of 3.3 million tons. The target of the first five launch of the low-cost housing, smart cities cement plants in India account for a cumulative
year plan was to raise the installed capacity to 5.4 million projects and other infrastructure projects installed capacity of over 410 million tonnes
tons, which was achieved. provided a major boost to it and a steep rise (MT). 77 of these are in the states of Andhra
in the cement production was seen in last two Pradesh, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.”
The cement industry in India, severely restrained by the
November-December 2021
a post-pandemic future
The cement and concrete industry has undergone a
massive hit after the lockdown. According to Vivek
Patni, the demand has contracted by 20 – 30 per cent
pan India, while Raghunath Gupta feels the demand
has been down by 40 to 50 per cent in Delhi and in
NCR, it is down by 20 to 25 per cent. Manufacturers
face issues of retaining the workforce and recurring
maintenance costs of the machinery and the plant.
Other stakeholders in the industry are also in dire straits,
according to Raghunath Gupta as he says, “The market
has completely stopped, the money is stuck and survival
has become difficult for traders.” Kiran Shah, Owner,
Shubhaam Concrete Floors Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, feels the
most affected areas are the residential and commercial
MARCH-APRIL 2021
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly obstructed
the steep growth seen by the industry in the earlier
years. Arvind Bodhankar says,”This outbreak has
caused unprecedented economic shock and the
cement industry is no exception to it. There is bound
to be a demand contraction mainly due to reduced
spend on Capex and slowdown in the real estate
sector.” He also adds. ” In terms of the future, the
post-covid-19 situation will be quite different. The
spending pattern of people will change; there will
be a tendency to conserve cash. However I am very
optimistic as far as cement sector is concerned;
the demand will start picking up from November
–December onwards. The extended monsoon in
most parts of the country will be over, road and
other infrastructure project will restart and migrant
workers would start returning.” His hopes do not
seem unfounded for the Indian cement industry
that has been on a sustained growth path, adding
capacity, driven largely by the construction sector and
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
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resistant and very expensive. fire protection, ceilings and floors. Externally it is
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Various government projects announced by the Canadian
government, including the Affordable Housing Initiative (AHI),
New Building Canada Plan (NBCP), and Made in Canada, are
expected to fuel the demand for fiber cement boards in the
residential segment.
The commercial building segment held the largest Growing popularity in India
share in the fiber cement market in 2019, growing Currently, FCB is predominantly used in
at a CAGR of 8.35 percent. Asia-Pacific dominated construction in Metro and tier II cities. It is specified
the market with a share of more than 35 per cent by an increasing number of Indian architects and
during the forecast period. The economic outlook designers in some high-end hospitality, healthcare,
for Asia-Pacific region appears encouraging owing residential, commercial and institutional spaces.
to the large economic developments in China, Lack of product awareness and inhibitions attached
India and other developing countries, where to asbestos seem to be the major challenges.
rapid industrialization and humongous amount Another reason cited for reservations to use FCB is
of construction are primary demand drivers. In high installation cost.
Southeast Asia, Indonesia is another large and
fastest-growing market after the Indonesian The consumption of fibre cement boards in India
government started a program to build around is still very low at 0.28 kg per person, compared
November-December 2021
one million housing units across the country with to 12.5 kg per person in Australia and 3.4 kg. per
a budgetary provision of USD one billion. person in the USA. However, it is emerging as a
popular product with a growing awareness about
health and hygiene. Besides, compared to wood
and wood products it is cost effective and eco-
friendly ensuring a chemical free environment. It is
widely promoted as an eco-friendly green product.
Reduction in the construction time and the trend
of dry construction becoming a norm to bypass
the non-availability of skilled masons as well as INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
text shailendra mehta
inputs M+Writetank
Marble
The construction segment dominated the
demand in marble during the last couple of
decades with an unprecedented growth in
A glimpse of the industry The Over 80 per cent of the production of marble in
global marble market is worth over $50 Billion India comes from Rajasthan which has a marble
(Source:DecisionDatabases.com). Currently India is slab production capacity of around 1,000 million
among the world’s top ten producers of marble. The sq. ft. per annum. Gujarat is in second place with
implementation of new liberalization policies in 2016 about a 10 per cent share of the industry and the
reduced several norms and restrictions on setting up rest is shared by States of Andhra Pradesh and
marble factories as well as on importing marble into the Madhya Pradesh.
country, positively impacting the market.
Over 95 per cent of the total marble processing
centres in the country are located Makrana,
Jaipur, Alwar, Ajmer, Udaipur, Nathdwara,
Rajsamand, Abu Road Banswara, Chittorgarh and
Kishangarh in Rajasthan. In Gujarat, processing
units are located at Ahmedabad, Ambaji and
Vadodara. These areas, with a rich tradition
of stone processing and carving jaalis, pillars,
garden furniture, floral and other designs by
expert craftsmen were always seen as important
centres for sourcing marble slabs as well as
finished products.
November-December 2021
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
largest marble market. Almost two-thirds pillars. In India too, the famed Makrana
of its total 150,000 population is directly marble, a type of white marble, has
or indirectly dependent on the stone been popular in sculpture and building
industry. Local entrepreneurship has décor for centuries. Mined in the town of
transformed Kishangarh into a global Makrana in Rajasthan, it was used in the
center for domestic and imported marble construction of several iconic monuments
and granite. such as the Taj Mahal in Agra and the
Victoria Memorial in Kolkata. Makrana
With more than 50,000 marble sellers, marble is listed as a global heritage stone
suppliers, manufacturers, exporters resource by the International Union of
and importers, the town generates an Geological Sciences.
annual business of over INR 120 billion.
The market size of imported marble in Not only premium grade marble, but
Kishangarh is around INR 50 billion of semi-precious stones, granite, travertine,
which branded players account for over onyx, limestone and composites sourced
INR 10 billion according to the Kishangarh mainly from Italy, Spain, Greece, Brazil,
Marble Association. There are over 1,000 China, Vietnam, Egypt and Turkey are also
gangsaws, 5,000 edge cutting machines, processed in Kishangarh on a large scale. marble quarried from Northern Changing times, changing trends
around 25,000 godowns and more than Om Prakash, Owner, Payel Enterprises, Italy, usually available in slabs Marble is no more a luxury
50,000 traders in Kishangarh, which also says, “Kishangarh offers about 10,000 has a very high luster. It is softer patronized by a privileged class.
has a flourishing market for the power- varieties of marble starting from INR 20 compared to Indian stone and has Mukesh Patodi, Owner, Patodi
loom and ball mills sector. per sq ft. There are newer varieties such a crystal-like appearance. Indian Stones, says, “The popularity of
as Vietnam white marble which is very marble has a medium luster. marble is seen across the rural
A wide range of product delicate and meant for wealthy people.” Both are commonly available in a and urban middle class across the
Marble, one of the oldest and the most Over half a million tonnes of raw stone thickness of 18-20 millimeters but country. The application of marble
beautiful of metamorphic stones is formed is imported through ports across Gujarat the thickness of Indian marble can has become a status symbol among
when limestone is subjected to immense and Maharashtra and processed annually, go up to 30 millimeters.” the middle and upper middle class.
pressure for a long period of time. Popular which constitutes around 50 to 60 per cent However, institutional sales account
in ancient Rome and Greece, it was widely of the country’s total raw stone imports. Some processing units import for almost 70 to 80 per cent of the
used to construct a variety of structures, Narendra Singh Panwar, Director state-of-the-art machinery from total turnover.”
from hand-held sculptures to massive Rajputana Marbles, Bhilwara, says, “Italian Europe. While big players have
several cutting machines with 50 While there are many options
to 100 blades that cut large stone available in the market today,
blocks weighing up to four tons into marble continues to be an
plates or slabs of desired thickness evergreen trend for all, according to
in 12 to 15 hours, smaller units Rajesh Bhandari, Director, A-Class
have one or two cutting machines Marble India Pvt. Ltd. “This is
that produce a turnover worth also because marble is available
INR 250 to 300 million annually. in a broad range of colours,
A few players have gone to the patterns and designs. A smooth
extent of using the most advanced finish and luminous appearance
automated technology that almost after polishing makes it the most
November-December 2021
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
extremely durable and long lasting. Marble is also a symbol of
elegance, versatility and exclusivity and forms a staple in the
spatial design of luxury hotels owing to its regal appearance,”
he adds. Referring to the swarm of retailers, distributors
and traders from all over India who come to Kishangarh
to buy marble, Shahbuddeen Noor Mohammed, Owner,
Rameshwaram Granite, Kishangarh who caters predominantly
to the markets of Delhi, U.P., Punjab and other areas in north
India as well as Gujarat and Maharashtra, says the markets
are growing. He says, “We have regular supply to Mangalore,
Bangalore and several other areas in Kerala and Tamilnadu
despite the growing trend to use ceramic and artificial stone”.
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
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PLYWOOD
Industry reports indicate that 75 per cent of the
market is dominated by unorganized players, most
with a local presence and limited reach. One of
the major hubs where both organized as well as
unorganized players produce a whopping 50 per
cent of the plywood in India is Yamunanagar in
Haryana; aptly called the ‘plywood capital of India’.
This hub also exports ply and other wood products
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
price difference between organised and
unorganised segments is expected to
drop considerably post-GST (Goods and
Services Tax) with a rationalization on
plywood from 28 to 18 per cent.
In addition, there are factory owners who bulk produce promoters of the bigger brands pushing for exclusive
and whose pricing is volume-based. These further rattle and quality products. However, post GST, the price gap
the market but have insignificant annual turnovers between the offerings of organized and unorganized
and their pricing policy varies from day to day. Such players have reduced, leveling the playing field for all.
risk-takers are always ready to experiment and work
hard and are not dependent on the government or Everything changed with GST
associations for decisions and policies. Over the last decade or so, the organised sector grew
at a CAGR of 12 per cent, suggesting a bias towards
Some of the leading organized brands with a pan-India this segment. Players within the organized sector
as well as international presence include, Greenply, consistently increased their budgets on advertising in
Century Plyboards Limited, Merino, Kitply and Uniply. electronic, print and social media in a brand building
They dominate the organized market with a share of 52 exercise which saw a consistent rise in consumer
per cent (Source: Televisory Research). preference towards branded products. With the upper
Up until 10 years ago, organized players dominated hand in volume and supply chain, they have been able
the luxury plywood segment while unorganized to provide better product innovation, wider choices and
manufacturers had the lion’s share of the mid and warranties. This has certainly influenced consumers
lower end of the market. This was mainly due to the to pay a premium for a quality product. However, the
November-December 2021
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Besides, the exemption limit for GST is considerably
lower at INR 20 lakhs. This brings most of the
unorganised players under the GST net, resulting in
further reduction in the price differential.
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
text shailendra mehta
inputs aadrita chatterji
LAMINATES
The beauty of laminates is their wide range of
applications. It is the most under-rated material !
Lalji Vishwakarma, Carpenter.
Laminates are primarily \The product and market The market is segmented based on
a decorative top layer in home furniture like As wood-based products, the plywood and production and distribution channels,
cabinets, cubicle storage units, countertops, laminate industries are usually clubbed together. and the unorganized market accounts
table-tops, and cupboards. They are also used While plywood is a strong, thin, wooden board for a significant share of the industry.
in wall panelling, column cladding, vanity made from two or more layers pressed and Jikesh Thakkar, Honorary Secretary, Indian
units, office partitions, shelves, signage, etc. glued together with their grain rotated up to Laminates Manufacturers’ Association
According to Elvis Limbani, Founder, Neptune 90 degrees against one another, laminates are (ILMA) and Executive Director, Rushil Décor
Laminates Pvt. Ltd., Rajkot, laminates are prepared by pressing thin sheets of wood, plastic Ltd., Ahmedabad, says, “The current market
widely used in residential, commercial, resin, and flat paper along with a decorative size of the Indian laminate industry is
hospitality, retail and industrial sectors. “They upper layer. In plywood, the grain of alternate around Rs. 35 billion. Out of this, the share
are often used upon surfaces of wood panel layers is crossed, in general, at right angles, of the organized sector is around 40 per
products like plywood, particle boards, and whereas in laminated wood, it is parallel. In cent,” Almost 30 per cent of the country’s
MDF,” he says. India, plywood is the most demanded wood- laminates are supplied by units based in
based product followed by laminate. Ahmedabad and Morbi.
November-December 2021
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Consumer preferences and demand
Changing buying patterns and increased demand for good quality and
branded products has brought about a shift in the market. This shift has
occurred primarily due to urbanization and higher disposable income, feels
Atul Patel, Founder, Bell Laminates, Morbi. “Apart from this, increasing urban
population, rising per capita income and a gradual shift towards the non-food
industry have driven the growth of the laminates industry in India,” he says,
adding, “Laminates are more popular in urban areas in India. Of courses,
tastes differ from state to state, and we primarily cater to interior designers,
engineers, and end-users as well. The laminates market is better suited for the
middle-class segment, as the upper classes prefer veneer.”
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Increasing demand from housing is driving the need for
laminates, which have become an indispensable part of
an evolving real-estate industry. According to Pravin Patel,
Director, Airolam Laminates, Himmatnagar, the furniture
market, modular kitchen market as well as the flooring
market have undergone several changes in design which
has impacted the laminate industry. “Architects and
designers strive for international standards in their designs;
therefore, ten per cent of our designs every year are new.
The paper used in these new products is sourced from
Europe,” he says.
Future positive
Application of laminates on flooring is gaining
wide popularity in urban India, too, according to
Vaibhav Vasishta, Managing Director, Lamiwood,
M/s. Venimadhav Traders, Gurugram. He says, “With
a variety of colors, styles, high-performance, and
durability, it has proved superior to traditional
flooring solutions.” PVC laminates used in kitchen,
November-December 2021
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
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Wooden flooring
A classic product The global wood flooring market is highly
On the basis of the product, the market is competitive with many players spread
segmented into solid wood and engineered across the globe. Large brands adopt various
wood. The solid wood segment is the larger, and strategies, including collaborations, mergers and
anticipated to retain its position till 2024, which acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures to
is attributed to its moderate price. However, the build a sustainable business and to gain a strong
engineered wood segment too is anticipated foothold in the global industry.
There is something so classic and timeless to witness maximum growth rates due to its
favorable features such as dimensional stability India : a nascent market
A global product
Geographically, the global wooden
flooring market is segmented into North
America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the rest
of the world. The Asia-Pacific region held
the largest market share of around 50
per cent in 2018; considering the pace of
development in this region, it is expected
to retain its dominance in the near future.
India and China are the major consumers
of wooden floors in this region.
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
in nature, owing to the presence of numerous government buildings along with medical
unorganized small and medium manufacturers, who and healthcare units. The continuous
jostle for position along with key global players introduction of upgraded engineered wood
The dominant international players include Pergo, and laminate flooring emerging as cost-
Armstrong and Bruce, Tarkett, Mohawk, and effective alternatives to hardwood flooring
Havwoods among others. While major players is anticipated to fuel further growth.
are consistently engaged in the research and
development of wood and laminate floorings with Growth in home renovation owing to
superior durability and customization options, the increased disposable income in tier II
smaller players follow their lead in terms of designs and tier III cities and a faster rise in the
and fitting methods. The compliance with green construction of multi-family residential
building codes by governing bodies is expected to building clusters and residential complexes
positively impact the quality of product demand as are also major demand drivers boosted
wooden flooring will have to all be environment- by an increased awareness in using
friendly and recyclable. sustainable product and materials.
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
as business expansion and acquisition to strengthen
their market presence, which boosts the growth of
the market. Large scale advertising campaigns in the
media by major players vindicate dire predictions of
this segment, as can be seen in its share significantly
increasing in the flooring markets in India.
A brighter future
Increasing project scales, especially in the residential
and commercial segments, have provided a new
impetus to this industry. The wooden flooring
November-December 2021
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
text shailendra mehta
materials. It transmits light in a special way. Large manufacturers of annealed glass and those
who process this annealed glass into toughened,
purposes. This industry runs on a chain of players such
as manufacturers, importers, distributors, processors,
Dale Chihuly
laminated or other kinds of designer glass. retailers, and fabricators. There are many glass
Manufacturers are usually large organized players as importers and exporters in India but only a few are
the investment is high, whereas most processing units within the organized sector. Architectural development
fall into the unorganized industry. However, with the and interior design form the real market for glass.
recent growth in demand for glass, the majority of Architects, contractors, fabricators, and developers are
the unorganized players are rapidly moving towards the buyers. The glass industry completely depends on
The Indian commercial organized ways of operation, which is a positive sign.” development in the real estate industry.”
glass industry, thriving on the growth in the
automotive and construction sectors, fuelled
by increasing urbanization and rise in
disposable incomes of end users, anticipates
a steady increase in demand. According
to Anand Santhanam, Head – Sales and
Marketing, Saint Gobain India Pvt. Ltd.,
Glass Business, the Indian glass industry has
been growing at about seven to eight per
cent for the past few years. “The market for
float glass in India is more than two million
tonne, growing at the same rate,” he says.
Santhanam says an impelling demand for
value-added products and further impetus
from trends such as the green building
movement have stimulated the use of glass
in a more evolved manner.
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
and codification which encourage the usage of
safety glass and energy-efficient glass suggest that
the use of glass in the high-performance segments
will grow faster. “If you take the consumption per
A noteworthy surge in adoption of times without losing its quality or head for glass in India, it is still much lower than
commercial glass in construction of purity. Glass is unaffected by noise, countries like China where it is about 1:5 or 1:10.
buildings is anticipated on account air, water.” So, there is a scope for higher penetration going
of its quality, easy installation and forward, and we hope to take advantage of that.
low maintenance cost compared Shivam Aggarwal feels, the That’s why our plan for the next ten years is to
to gypsum, widely used for application of glass in any space is triple our sales. The Indian glass industry presents a
panels, cladding and partitions endless. “Typically, for residential lot of opportunities,” he adds.
in the traditional construction. construction, the budget (for glass)
Sanghvi says, “Glass is now being may vary between 10 to 15 per cent The glass industry invests significant resources in
used in the building industry as and it may go up to 20 per cent intensive R&D programs to develop new products,
insulation material, structural for malls, and other commercial enhance recyclability and effective recycling. It also
component, external glazing spaces. Often, the budget spends large sums to improve the energy efficiency
material and cladding material. It completely depends upon the style of manufacturing sites.
is used to make delicate-looking and design ideas of architects or
fenestrations on facades as well interior designers,” he says.
as in conventional windows. In
interior design, glass is used as An eye to the future
back painted glass, in colored Technological advancement in
mirrors, bent glass, shower cubicles commercial glass has resulted in
etc. Being rust-resistant, glass functional advantages such as
does not degrade with chemical self-cleaning and anti-reflective
or environmental changes. Glass is properties; these key benefits drive
November-December 2021
100 per cent recyclable and does the use of commercial glass.
not degrade during the recycling According to Anand Santhanam,
process. It can be recycled multiple the recent trends of legislation
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Processors and suppliers are
hopeful of supplying glass to
on-going projects as soon as
transportation resumes, while
manufacturers are focusing on
research and development to
provide safer and hygienically-
superior products like anti-bacterial
and viricide glass used as screens
for hospitals, shops and offices.
Newer technologies have undoubtedly tapped a huge potential of A brighter future post covid
this material, pre-dated as an artifact only by stone and pottery. With The COVID 19 pandemic has
the capacity to assume complex shapes and improved insulation shaken the world economy.
properties, glass frees architects and designers from design constraints While, for most industries, it has
and is emerging as a material of the future. been a jolt; it is also perceived
to be a window of opportunity.
Challenges of Covid-19 The versatility of glass has come
Besides a complete breakdown in the demand-supply chain due to through, with its properties of
Covid 19, production activity in the float glass industry has been hit being easy-to-clean, the possibility
hard. According to Vinod Makwana, practical matters in the process of having antimicrobial coatings
are a huge issue, such as the furnace, which cannot be stopped for and transparency. A non-crystalline
15-17 years, once a float line starts. “It needs a huge investment and a solid, often transparent, with
lot of time to resume operations after a stoppage.” He says, “Currently, practical, technological and
manufacturers have continued production, crushing excess stock and decorative applications, glass has
recycling it to keep the furnace running, facing huge losses.” he adds. become an important material in
modern architecture and design.
November-December 2021
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
text aadrita chatterji
CERAMIC TILES
advancement, the industry manufactures a wide The market
range of wall tiles, polished vitrified tiles, large- Categorized into organized and unorganized
size slabs, glazed vitrified tiles, and unglazed sectors, the latter segment makes up nearly 60
tiles. Much of this can be attributed to the better percent of the entire industry.
sourcing of raw materials from indigenous sources, Colorful, durable and affordable, the Indian
lower labor cost, global demand, imposition of ceramic tile industry (ICTI) has been steadily
anti-dumping duty on products manufactured in gaining popularity in the architecture and
The attractions of ceramics lie partly in its China and high-end technology. Although India
has one of the lowest sales realizations among
interior design industry. Thanks to technological
advancement, the market has opened its arms to
2019). Ceramic tile manufacturing units in to their extensive product assortment and
Morbi use natural gas or biogas plants to tried-and-tested marketing and distribution
ensure higher fuel efficiency and minimum networks. Outsourcing work has enabled
transit wastage but it does not compensate for the organized segment to boost production
the rising fuel costs, which comprise 15-30 per without much capital investment.
cent of the total infrastructure and cost. The range of premium ceramic products has
risen due to technological advancement and
Though the organized segment remains a lesser competition. Multinational companies
major part of the market, the fragmented from the organized segment are expected to
unorganized sector consists of several introduce enhanced products to serve the
regional players. Supported by international international market and urban customer
markets, the tiles industry has more than segment in India. There is a higher demand
600 manufacturing units and is frequented for polished vitrified tiles and ceramic tiles,
by small and mid-sized units due to many with more than 60 units to be launched with
reasons. Such causes include easy availability an industrial investment of 2000 crore. The
of raw material and technology, proximity to domestic consumption of tiles is envisaged
ports Kandla and Mundra, low-entry barriers, to increase by 2-3 per cent to 5-6 per cent
reasons: revision in the GST rate in November 2017 relaxed regulatory norms, and low fixed CAGR due to government initiatives to ensure
(from 28 per cent to 18 per cent), development of capital investment. smart city projects and affordable housing
real estate complying with RERA norms, urbanization for all. Exports may grow at 15 per cent as
leading to more nuclear families and disposable Drivers of the future China currently struggles with the levying of
income, and government initiatives such as Housing The ceramics tile industry predicts a liking environment tax, the rising cost of coal and
for All. Also, India continues to export Chinese for vitrified tiles which is expected to affect ant-dumping duties imposed by Taiwan,
vitrified tiles to Brazil, Chile, Korea, Vietnam, and the prices due to excessive production capacity Vietnam, Korea, Chile and the European
European Union. in Morbi. More than a hundred vitrified tile Union (Source: The Hindu BusinessLine, 2019).
manufacturing units have been set up in
November-December 2021
Challenging environment Morbi recently which has spread to other To move forward, India’s manufacturing
In March 2019, the National Green Tribunal clusters as well. High-end value-added tiles are plants must see improvement in power and
(NGT) had banned the usage of coal gasifiers and more popular in urban areas, the generation gas supply, and freight and Basic Customs
recommended a shift to PNG, due to the adverse of which is expected to increase in the tier- Duty for lower production costs. Though
environmental impact. Though PNG will benefit II and tier-III cities through government engagement, affordable rates, availability,
the industry in the long run, players still use gas schemes. South India has grown at a faster and supply are important, MRP structures and
at reasonable rates to retain market share as the rate due to more projects as compared to excise duties must be improved as well.
working capital intensity is expected to increase the national average in the domestic market.
due to rising procurement costs and reduced credit The organized sector is likely to see improved
period on PNG. (Source: The Hindu BusinessLine, growth rates than the industry average due INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
text shailendra mehta
LEATHER
We'll be honest here: we love leather. Not only is it sleek and is
a favorable choice among interior designers, leather is full of
advantages that make it particularly ideal for furniture.
Master leather craftsman. Design Craft Upholstery.
expensive leather products. Vegetable
tanned leather is a little more difficult
and a longer process. Obviously, the
cost of the final product is high. Raw
leather is salted and sent to wet blue
While primitive man used tanneries, which is later sold at different
animal hide to cover the body, the development and exquisite leather products are created from prices based on its grade. Otherwise, it is
of agriculture, livestock and technology, paved some of the most unusual and less common hides, further dyed and processed into finished
the way for the development of tanning to create derived from other animal hides including rabbit, leather. Being a natural product, it is
leather. Throughout the middle ages, use of leather beaver, camel and alpaca. imperative to preserve and condition
can be seen in a wide variety of items such as the leather to lengthen its life.” He
footwear, water bottles, clothes, bags, cases, trunks, Hides undergo treatment in the process of tanning adds, “Leather being a labour-intensive
saddles and seat covers. and are turned into leather. The most common industry, manual workers contribute to
tanning methods, according to Sachin Shinde, 80 per cent of the process. Unlike more
Cowhide is internationally the most popular and Founder, Maruti Leather Crafts, Mumbai, are machine-oriented industries, the leather
widely available leather. It is also among the most chrome tanning and vegetable tanning. “Chrome industry generates up to 250 jobs per
durable and desirable leathers. It occupies 65 tanning involves using chemicals, acids and salts every USD 0.2 million, a high number
percent of the market, although the most unique to dye the leather and usually results in less compared to the automobile industry.”
Leather in India
Currently the top six countries producing
tanned leather are China, Italy, India,
Brazil, Korea and Russia. Almost 80 per
cent of the world’s leather products are
now made in China.
Exchange earner:
The major factor behind the
transformation in this industry
has been several policy initiatives
by the government of India after
the liberalization of the economy
in 1991. The leather industry
attained a prominent place among
top 7 industries that earn foreign
exchange for the country. According
to Baskar Venkatesan, Indian
leather is popular for its fine grain
pattern, vegetable tanned products
and softness. He says, ”Major buyers
November-December 2021
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
The future looks bright
The Government of India has identified the leather sector
as a focus sector in the Indian Foreign Trade Policy due
to its immense potential for export growth prospects and
employment generation. It has currently approved an
outlay of USD 400 million for employment generation in
the leather industry. As part of the initiative, four mega
clusters that will house tanneries, leather goods and
footwear manufacturing units and training centres are
being set up in Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, West Bengal
and Uttar Pradesh.
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
text shailendra mehta
PAINT
Color is a power which directly influences
the soul. Kandinsky
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
designs, textures, and increasing urbanization are
other major factors contributing to the growth of the
industry.” Priya Bhumkar adds, “The automotive sector
has predominantly driven the growth in the industrial
coatings segment in the past few years. With the auto
sector reeling since 2019, the automotive OEM sector
has also been impacted. Some other applications of New products, new technology consumers that are more mindful of
industrial paints such as wood coatings have shown an While there has been a steady shift from their health and wellness and the earth’s
uptick and a rising trend.” Vinil Gada feels that paint oil and solvent-based to water-based welfare, than ever before. The gradual yet
remains an unexplored area in the raw construction paints, Priya Bhumkar says, “Recent irrevocable shift towards environmentally-
material industry, making it a lucrative market. “As trends in coatings follow the greening friendly products is underway,” she says.
customers upgrade to modern material and designs, curve – environment-friendly and easy
they increase their per capita usage of paints. They to use. Paint companies engage a unique Some of the significant challenges faced
are heavily influenced by social media, which impacts segment of customers with defined by the industry, according to Vinil Gada
how they want to design their living spaces. Thus, this product appeal. New color palettes are, the volatility of the real estate sector,
is the perfect opportunity to serve our clientele with and high-performance colors are also a the need to develop products that suit
innovations, as a luxury paint brand,” he says. Amit definite trend.” Vinil Gada, too, feels green weather conditions, and new entrants
Mishra, Director, Anuradha Enterprises, New Delhi, products are in high demand. “Besides, often facing severe competition due to
adds, “With a rise in disposable incomes across urban rusted and worn-out looks, protective the dominance of leading companies in
November-December 2021
and rural markets, an increasing number of households finishes and concrete effects are currently terms of entry and execution. However,
is switching from traditional white-wash to better in vogue,” he adds. According to Minal India’s per capita paint consumption is
quality coatings like emulsion and enamel. As the Srivastava, there is a rise in the demand meager at 3 kg / per person /per annum,
repainting cycle has reduced from seven years to three, for eco-friendly, non-toxic products in which leaves a vast playing field open
repainting now constitutes between 70 to 80 percent the paints and coatings industry. “This for everyone. Priya Bhumkar says, “In
of total demand. However, the real estate slowdown increase is hinged upon the transforming the developed world, the consumption
is expected to have a reducing impact on sales in the sentiments of today’s highly-aware of paints is about 25 – 30 Kg / per
decorative segment.”
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
person / per annum, and there is potential high only during festive seasons when people
for growth in India. However, the rise in invest in white-washing and painting their
disposable incomes and the overall progress homes and then goes down as they redo it
of society will determine this. Globally, the after a gap of at least 3-5 years. Most believe,
paint industry’s growth is quite saturated, in the post-COVID era, the challenges will
with an average growth rate of 1 - 1.5 percent change drastically. Brands will need to bring
in Europe and North America. Here, paint customers back to the industry and make
companies have grown through consolidation, concerted efforts to restore positive sentiment
like mergers and acquisitions activity. India is among the target audience. Marketing and
a cost-driven market, and companies continue communication will, thus, play a huge role in
to compete based on cost comparisons.” overcoming these distinct challenges.
DESIGN NEWS
text M+ WriteTank
Roderick Wiles,
Regional Director, AHEC.
Technical talk
DINESH R SUTHAR & SONS
T uch Wood To
To T uch Xylos