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SCIENCE 9
QUARTER 3 – MODULE 4

FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed to help grade 9 students like you to learn more
about climate specifically the factors that may affect the climate in a certain area. As
envisioned by the Department of Education, this will help you have a good grounding
on the concepts, principles and application of science. As you go through, you will
encounter activities that will enhance your mental ability and reasoning skills.

The module contains the lesson:

Lesson 1 - Factors Affecting Climate.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate climate from weather;
2. identify the different factors that affect the climate of an area; and
3. explain how different factors affect the climate of an area.
S9ES-IIIe-30

What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of weather condition?

A. Desert C. Thunderstorm
B. Hurricane D. Tornado

2. How do you feel when you are walking in the middle of a desert?
A. dark and wet C. rainy and humid
B. hot and dry D. wet and cold

3. Which scientific tool is used to measure air pressure?

A. Barometer C. Graduated cylinder
B. Balance scale D. Rain gauge

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4. Which statement BEST describes climate? Climate is _______________.
A. the usual weather in a place
B. a description of an ecosystem
C. condensation in the atmosphere
D. the amount of air pressure on a certain day
5. What happens to air temperature when you climb to the top of mountain?
A. gets colder
B. gets warmer
C. stays the same
D. doubles every 100 m
6. Tagaytay experiences colder temperature than in Manila. Which of the
following factors explain this?
A. Altitude
B. Latitude
C. Circulation of air mass
D. Distance of place to the body of water
7. In what climate regions does evaporation occur very fast?
A. Dry climate
B. Polar climate
C. Temperate climate
D. Tropical climate
8. What type of vegetation is usually found in dry climate?
A. Cacti
B. Conifers
C. Grasses
D. Palms
9. What causes the different climate on Earth?
A. Size of the Earth
B. Shape of the Earth
C. Distance of the Earth from the sun
D. Amount of solar energy received by different places on Earth.
10. Which of the following BEST describes climate?
A. The weather that occurs in the atmosphere within a day
B. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a long period of
time
C. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a short period of
time
D. The disturbance in the atmosphere that happens in a long period of
time

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 Lesson
FACTORS AFFECTING
1 CLIMATE

What’s In

What is climate? How does it differ from weather? Are types of climate the
same in all parts of the world? These are just few of the questions that tickle your
minds especially during months when you experience extreme atmospheric
temperature, humidity, and rainfall.

What’s New

WORD UP
Determine which terms in the box refer to weather and which one refers to
climate. Fill in the Venn diagram with the terms under the correct heading of each
circle. Write in the overlapping part of the circles the terms that refer to both
weather and climate.
zone humidity tornado

precipitation long-term condition tropical

short-term condition typhoon cold front

temperature rainfall hurricane

CLIMATE WEATHER

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 What is It

Climate is the result of average atmospheric conditions in a certain region

over a long period of time. This is usually different for different seasons. For example,
a region may tend to be warm and humid during summer. But it may tend to be cold
and wet during rainy season.

Weather is a result of the atmospheric conditions at a certain place over a

short period of time. It is the short-term changes we see in temperature, clouds,
precipitation, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and wind in a region.

The climate and weather of a place are composed of sunshine, rain, cloud
cover, winds and etc. Of these, however, the major elements are temperature,
humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure and wind.

Analysis of these elements can provide the basis for forecasting weather and
defining its climate. These same elements serve as basis of climatology study, within
a longer time scale rather than it does in meteorology. Climatology is the science of
climate, the study of the climatic elements and the factors that affect it while
Meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena.

What are the factors that influence the climate of a certain place?

Several factors affect or determine the kind of climate of a certain region on

Earth. Some of these factors are latitude and tilt of the Earth, altitude and elevation,
ocean currents and temperature, wind system, precipitation, air masses, and
mountain barriers.

Latitude and Tilt of the Earth

Sunlight hits Earth’s surface at
varying angles due to Earth’s shape.
The angle at which the sun’s rays strike
the Earth varies from region to region.

Figure 1. Tilt of the Earth’s axis

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https://www.shmoop.com/biogeography/
Altitude or Elevation
Elevation or altitude refers to how high a
region is from the sea level. The higher the
elevation, the colder is the climate. This is the
reason why Baguio City experiences cold weather
system.
Figure 2. Baguio City

Ocean currents and Temperature

A body of water such as an

ocean and its currents tend to
increase the temperatures of eastern
coastal areas and decrease the
temperatures of western coastal
areas.
Figure 3 West Philippine Sea
http://conceptnewscentral.com

Wind System
Wind is formed because of the
unequal heating of the land and bodies
of water on the surface of Earth.
Continents heat and cool faster
compared to oceans. This results to the
two-wind system of our country, the
habagat and the amihan. Figure 4 Philippines Wind System
https://nautilus.org/napsnet/
Precipitation
The amount of humidity or water
vapor in the air determines the rate
and amount of precipitation in the
area. Usually, when the atmosphere
becomes full of water vapor, the

Figure 5 Philippines rate of precipitation

likelihood or chance of precipitation
https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph becomes greater.

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Air Masses
Air masses are large areas of air that have
uniform temperature and moisture content. They
form over “source” regions. The air mass assumes the
properties of the surface of the source region; that is,
it could be dry, hot, moist, wet, or cold.
Figure 6 Movement of Air Masses
https://climate.ncsu.edu/edu/AirMasses
Mountain Barriers
The rising air is cooled, which causes condensation of water vapor and
precipitation. This causes windward side to have more precipitation and
vegetation, and leeward side to be often drier. The Sierra Madre Mountain
Ranges is a great barrier in which the province of Pangasinan adopts very
good vegetation.

Figure 7 Sierra Madre Mountain Ranges

https://orangemagazine.ph/2018/
http://expeditieaarde.blogspot.com

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 What’s More

You are my MISSING HALF!

Direction: Below are the words that have been divided into halves. Find the
pieces either and write them in the answer area below.

1. A1 + ____ = LATITUDE 11. G3 + ___ = _____________

2. _____+ B3 = ____________ 12. ___ + D2 = _____________

3. D3 + _____= ____________ 13. D5 + ___ = _____________

4. ____ + A4 = ____________ 14. ___ + D6 = _____________

5. ____ + F5 = ____________ 15. ___+ B6 = _____________

6. F7 + _____ = ____________ 16. H7 + ___ = _____________

7. D4 + _____= ____________ 17. ___ + G2 = _____________

8. G6 + _____ = ___________ 18. B7 + ___ = ______________

9. ___+ ____ = WIND SYSTEM 19. ___ + ___ = LEEWARD

10. H4 + ____ = ____________ 20. E5 + ___ = _____________

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Read the paragraph and identify the correct words that
fit in the given sentences in the box below.

__________ (1) is a result of the atmospheric conditions at a certain place

over a short period time. It is the short-term changes we see in temperature,
clouds, ___________ ( 2), humidity, of atmospheric pressure, and wind in a
region.

___________ (3) is the overall atmospheric condition of a place for a

period of 30 years or more. Climate is influenced by __________ (4), altitude,
and distance from bodies of water, ocean currents, and topography.

The elements of weather and climate include: atmospheric temperature,

pressure, __________ (5), precipitation, and wind speed, wind direction, etc.

The ________ (6) the place is to the equator, the warmer the climate;
the _______ (7) the place is from the equator the colder the climate. Air
temperature ___________ (8) when altitude increases. Bodies of water help
regulate the climate of a certain area. Mountain ranges affect the __________
(9) of precipitation. Ocean _________ (10) will either cool or warm the air
above them. Cold currents bring cold water while warm currents take along
warm water.

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 What I Can Do

CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE:
Answer the following questions comprehensively:

1. How would you describe the climate of the place where you live?

2. How important is an accurate weather forecast?

3. Baguio City and Tagaytay are known for its cold temperature. This is
because of their location. Numerous people visited Baguio City and
Tagaytay City mostly during the “ber” months and summer days, this
is the time of family gatherings and get together. With the current
pandemic “COVID-19” that we are facing, how can we prevent the
spread of Covid-19 virus in gatherings and get-together?

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What branch of science deals with the study of Earth’s atmosphere?
A. Climatology C. Meteorology
B. Geology D. Volcanology
2. What is the weather usually like in an area beneath high-pressure air?
A. Cold C. Rainy
B. Fair D. Snowy
3. Why does precipitation often form along warm fronts?
A. Warm air is denser than cold air.
B. Three air masses make up warm fronts.
C. Cool air warms and water droplets condense.
D. Warm air cools and water droplets condense.
4. What is the amount of water measured in air at a certain temperature, as
compared with the total amount of water air can hold at that temperature?
A. Relative cloudiness C. Relative precipitation
B. Relative humidity D. Relative temperate
5. What causes weather to change?
A. Frontal boundaries C. Swirling hailstone
B. Moving air masses D. Volcanic Earthquakes
6. Which of the following is not a factor of weather?
A. Temperature C. Wind direction
B. Wind speed D. water pressure
7. What happens to the temperature as the altitude decreases?
A. The air temperature falls.
B. The air temperature increases.
C. The air temperature decreases.
D. The air temperature stays the same.
8. What does a rising air generally indicate?
A. Higher pressure C. Changing pressure
B. Lower pressure D. Equalized pressure
9. What is the amount of water present in our atmospehere?
A. Dew point C. Convection current
B. Temperature D. Relative humidity
10. Why do places at the same latitude but different altitudes have different
climate?
A. Amount of precipitation differs.
B. Amount of heat received varies.
C. Higher altitudes have lower temperature.
D. Higher altitudes have higher temperature.

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 Additional Activities
Performance Task

Suppose you are studying the topography of your community, create a

diorama of a nearby mountain to illustrate the windward and leeward sides and its
vegetation.

Example of diorama

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What's More
What’s New 1. A1 + C5 = LATITUDE
2. A2 + B3 = TILT
3.D3 + A5= HABAGAT
4.C1 + A4 =
TEMPERATURE
5.E1 + F5 = OCEAN
CURRENT
6.F7 + E2 =
PRECIPITATION
7.D4 + B5 = AIR
MASSES
What I Can Do What I Have 8.G6 + B4 =
ELEVATION
1. Pangasinan ha Learned
9.E5 + B1 = WIND
s the tropical 1. CLIMATE SYSTEM
rainforest clima 2. PRECIPITATION 10.H4 + A6 =
te prevailing. It 3. WEATHER TEMPERATE
is usually (very) 4. LATITUDE AND
warm, humid 11.G3 + B2=
TILT OF THE CONDENSATION
and rainy all EARTH
year round. 12.C4 + D2 = WATER
5. HUMIDITY
2. Answer may 6. NEARER VAPOR
vary. 7. FARTHER 13.D5 + E4 =
3. Answer may 8. DECREASES MOUNTAIN
vary. 9. AMOUNT 14.H5 + D6 =
10. CURREN VEGETATION
T 15.F3 + B6 =
What I Know RAINFALL
Assessment
16.H7 + F1 = POLAR
1. A 1. C 17.E6 + G2 =
2. B 2. B TROPICAL
3. A 3. D
4. A 18.B7 + D1 = AMIHAN
4. A
5. A 5. B 19.G1 + D7=
6. A 6. D LEEWARD
7. D 7. B 20.E5 +
8. A 8. A
9. D
D7=WINDWARD
9. D
10.B 10.C
Answer Key
References
• Dizpezio, Michael, et al.(1999). Science Insights Exploring Earth and
Space. First Lok Yang
• Road, Singapore: Pearson Education (Asia) Pte Ltd. Tillery, Bill
W.(2007). Physical Science (7th ed.). 1221 Ave. of the Americas, New
York, NY 10020: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• Cowan, A.G. (2013, November 4). Ocean Currents and Climate.
Retrieved
fromhttp://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/media/ocea
n-currents-andclimate/?ar_a=1
• http://dateandtime.info/citycoordinates.php?id=2988507 accessed
October 2, 2013
• http://mapcarta.com accessed as of October 1, 2013
• http://wwf.panda.org/ accessed October 2, 2013
• http://www.messagetoeagle.com/ accessed October 2, 2013
• http://www.cruse.org.uk/children accessed as of October 4, 2013
• http://www.powayusd.com/ accessed October 8, 2013
• http://www.helpteaching.com/ accessed October 8, 2013
• http://www.dailywhat.org.uk/ accessed October 9, 2013
• http://www.science.org.au/reports/climatechange2010.pdf accessed
October 9, 2013
• http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/lanina_new_faq.html accessed as of
November 5, 2013
• http://www.dfg.ca.gov/ accessed November 5, 2013

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 ACTIVITY SHEETS IN SCIENCE 9
THIRD QUARTER Week 4

Name: ____________________ Date: ____________________

Grade & Section: _______________ Score: __________________

SUBJECT: Science
QUARTER: 3rd
Worksheet No. 5

Part 1.
Title of the Activity: WEATHER OR CLIMATE

Most Essential Learning Competency: Explain how different factors affect climate.

K to 12 BEC CG: S9ES-IIIe30

Direction: The terms weather and climate are oftentimes misunderstood as

similar. Differentiate the two words by identifying the following statements
as Weather or Climate. Write the word “Weather” if the statement describes
weather and “Climate” if it describes climate.

__________1. It is a wonderful sunny Monday!

__________2. There was a longer rainfall in the Philippines last year.
__________3. Going to the beach today is not possible since the clouds are dark.
__________4. Some believed that spread of COVID-19 can be affected by the extreme high
temperature.
__________5. The game was postponed because of the sudden heavy rain.
__________6. Some plants can not survive in the Philippines because of long drought.
__________7. Wind speed is changing as storm moves through an area.
__________8. The highest temperature was recorded today at 51 0 C.
__________9. One of the best experiences is going to Baguio due to its low temperature .
__________10. Usually dry season in the Philippines occur from November - April.
__________11. It is raining but it is still hot.
__________12. Annual high temperatures in the summer have increased over many decades.

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Part 2.
Title of the Activity: WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE

Most Essential Learning Competency: Explain how different factors affect climate.

K to 12 BEC CG: S9ES-IIIe30

Direction: Identify the factor affecting climate shown in the picture. Explain its
effect to the climate of an area by filling in with the appropriate word. (2 pts each)

1. _________________________________________
________________________________________

L I E

_________________________________________

2.

A T T

3. _________________________________________

C A U T

__________________________________

4.

T P P Y

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Part 3

Title of the Activity: WHAT AFFECTS CLIMATE

Most Essential Learning Competency: Explain how different factors affect climate.

K to 12 BEC CG: S9ES-IIIe30

Direction: Analyze the picture below and identify one (1) factor that affect the
climate in the area. Explain briefly how this factor will affect the climate. (5
pts)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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