Geometry - Angle Properties

CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Geometry and Trigonometry
Chapter 4A: Geometry
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
On completion of this Section, students should:
1. appreciate the notion of space as a set of points with subsets of that set (space) having properties related to other
mathematical systems;
2. understand the properties and relationship among geometrical objects;
3. understand the properties of transformations;
4. demonstrate the ability to use geometrical concepts to model and solve real world problems;
5. appreciate the power of trigonometrical methods in solving authentic problems.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT
Students should be able to:

Point, line, parallel lines, intersecting lines and
1. explain concepts relating to geometry; perpendicular lines, line segment, ray, curve, plane,
angle (acute, obtuse, reflex, right angle, straight
angle), face, edge, vertex.
2. draw and measure angles and line segments accurately using appropriate geometrical instruments;
Parallel and perpendicular lines.

3. construct lines, angles, and polygons using Triangles, quadrilaterals, regular and irregular
appropriate geometrical instruments; polygons.
Angles to be constructed include 30, 45, 60, 90, 120.
Line(s) of symmetry, rotational symmetry, order of
4. identify the type(s) of symmetry possessed by a given rotational symmetry.
plane figure;
Vertically opposite angles, alternate angles, adjacent

5. solve geometric problems using properties of: angles, corresponding angles, co-interior angles,
angles at a point, complementary angles,
(a) lines, angles, and polygons; supplementary angles. Parallel lines and transversals.
(b) circles; Equilateral, right, and isosceles triangles.

Square, rectangle, rhombus, kite, parallelogram,
trapezium.
Revision notes  Paper 2 Section I Page | 1

Part 1:
Explain concepts relating to geometry; Point, line, parallel
lines, intersecting lines and perpendicular lines, line
segment, ray, curve, plane, angle (acute, obtuse, reflex, right
angle, straight angle), face, edge, vertex.
4.1: CONCEPTS
4.1.2: Angles.
Types of angles
Type of Angle Description
Acute Angle an angle that is less than 90°
Right Angle an angle that is 90° exactly
an angle that is greater than 90°

Obtuse Angle
but less than 180°
Straight ling
an angle that is 180° exactly
Angle
Reflex Angle an angle that is greater than 180°

Part 2:
Solve geometric problems using properties of:
(a) lines, angles, and polygons; Vertically opposite

angles, alternate angles, adjacent angles,
corresponding angles, co-interior angles, angles at
a point, complementary angles, supplementary
angles. Parallel lines and transversals. Equilateral,
right, and isosceles triangles.
(b) circles; Square, rectangle, rhombus, kite,

parallelogram, trapezium.
4.2: GEOMETRIC
PROPERTIES
Angle properties of a transversal diagram
AB is parallel to CD. EG and FG are transversal lines.
1. x = z and w = y
Vertically opposite angles are equal.
2. y = c+d and e = z Corresponding angles are equal.
3. e = x and w = c + d Alternate angles are equal.
4. e + w = 180 º
c + d + x = 180 º

Worked Examination Questions
Question 1:
In the diagram, AB is parallel to CD. The line EF intersects AB and CD.
Giving a reason for your answer, find the value of:
(a) x
(b) y
Solution:
(a) the value of x
Answer: x = 120º
Reason: Vertically opposite angles are equal.
(b) the value of y
(Interior adjacent angles sum up to 180º)
y + 120 = 180º
y = 180º  120
= 60 ans.
Reason: Interior adjacent angles sum up to 180º
Question 2:
In the diagram PQ is parallel to SR. SP = SR,  SPR = 66º and  PQS = 22º.

(a) x
(b) y
(c) z
Solution:
(a) the value of x
Answer: x = 22º
Reason: Alternate angles are equal.
(b) the value of y
(angles in a triangle sum up to 180)
 PSR + 2 × 66º = 180º

 PSR = 180º  2 × 66º
= 48º
(sum of adjacent angles)
x + y =  PSR = 48º
y = 48º  22º (x = 22º)
= 26º ans.
Reasons: angles in isósceles triangle

sum of adjacent angles
(c) the value of y
z =  PSR

z = 48º Ans.
Reasons: Alternate angles are equal.
Question 3:
In the diagram, not drawn to scale, AED and ABC are straight lines. BE is parallel to CD. AE = EC, 
ABE = 88º and  BCE = 31º.
Justifying your answer, calculate the size of:
(a)  BAE
(b)  DCE
(c)  CDE
(d)  BED
Solution:
(a) the size of  BAE
 BAE = 31º ans.

Reason: Base angles of isosceles triangle are equal.
(b) the size of  DCE
(sum of adjacent angles corresponding to 88)
 DCE + 31º = 88º

 DCE = 88º  31º
= 57º ans.
Reason: Corresponding angles are equal.
sum of adjacent angles.
(c) the size of CDE
 CDE = D
 A + C + D = 180º
31 + 88 + D = 180º
D = 180º  (31 + 88)
= 61 ans.
 CDE = 61 ans.

Reason: angles in a triangle sum up to 180
(d) the size of  BED
(The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles.)
 BED =  BAE +  ABE

= 31 + 88º
= 119 ans.
Reason: The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles
Question 4:
In the diagram, not drawn to scale, BC is a straight line, BA is parallel to CE. ED = CD,  BAC = 40º,
 ABC = 72º and  CEA = 82º.
Justifying your answer, Calculate:
(a)  ACE
(b)  CAE
(c)  CDE
Solution:

(a) the size of ACE
 ACE =  BAC = 40º Ans.

Reason: Alternate angles are equal.
(b) the size of CAE
 CAE = 180º  (40º + 82º)

= 58º Ans.
Reason: Angles in a triangle sum up to 180
(c) the size of CDE
(Corresponding angles are equal)
 ECD =  ABC = 72º
 CDE = 180º  2 × 72º

= 180º  144º
= 38º Ans.
Reason: angles in a triangle sum up to 180.
Question 5:
In the diagram the straight line ABC is parallel to DE and BD is parallel to CF. AD = BD,  DBC =
110º and  FED = 45º.
(a) x
(b) y

(c) z
Solution:
(a) the value of x
x = 180º  2 × 70º
= 180º  140º
= 40º Ans.
Reason: angles in isoscles triangle sum up to 180.
(b) the value of y
y = 180º  110º
= 70º (180º) Ans.
Reason: Interior adjacent angles sum up to 180.
(c) the value of z
z = 70º + 45º
= 115º Ans.
Reason: Sum of adjacent angles
Question 6:
Each of the exterior angle of a regular polygon is 20º. How many sides does the polygon have?
Solution:
The value of x
Let n be the number of sides
Sum of exterior angles = 360º

20º × n = 360º
n = 360º ÷ 20º
= 18 ans.
Question 7:

ABCDE is a pentagon, not drawn to scale, with  B =  C =  E = xº.  D = 72º and A =

81º.
Calculate the value of x.
Solution:
The value of x
(The interior angles sum up to 180º × (n  2))
3 x + 81º + 72º = 180º (5  2)

3 x + 153º = 180º × 3
3 x = 540º  153º
3 x = 387º
x = 387º ÷ 3
= 129º ans.
Reason: The interior angles sum up to
180º × (n  2)
Items 1  7 refer to the information below
Show all steps in your calculation and give reasons for your answers.
Question 1:
In the diagram below, not drawn to scale, AB is parallel to the line EDC.  AED = 116°,  BDC = 72°
and BD = BC.

Calculate:
(a)  ABD
(b)  BDE
(c)  BAE.
Question 2:
In the diagram below, not drawn to scale, BDF is a straight line and BD = DE = EF. ABC is parallel to
the line EF and BDE =110°
Calculate the size of:
(a)  BED
(b)  DEF
(c)  ABE.

Question 3:
In the triangle below, not drawn to scale, the point D on AC is such that BA = BD. BDE is a straight line
and AE is parallel to BC.  AEB = 18° and  ACB = 48°.
(a) Calculate:
(i)  EAD
(ii)  EDC
(iii)  BAC.
(b) Explain why triangle ABC is isosceles.
Question 4:
In the diagram shown below, ABCD and DBCE are parallelograms.  ADB = 42 and  BAD= 54.
(a)  ABD
(b)  ADC
(c)  DCE.
Question 5:

The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a quadrilateral ABCD with AB = AD,  BCD = 90° and 
DBC = 42°. AB is parallel to DC.
(a)  ABC
(b)  ABD
(c)  BAD.
Question 6:

In the pentagon PQRST, the diagonal PS is parallel to QR and  SPT = 90,  PQR = 6x, 
QRS = 7x and  PTS = 4x .
(a) Calculate the value of x.
(b) Hence, determine the size of:
(i)  PQR
(ii)  QRS
(iii)  PTS.

Geometry - Angle Properties

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Geometry and Trigonometry

Chapter 4A: Geometry

On completion of this Section, students should:

2. understand the properties and relationship among geometrical objects;

3. understand the properties of transformations;

5. appreciate the power of trigonometrical methods in solving authentic problems.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT

Students should be able to:

Parallel and perpendicular lines.

Vertically opposite angles, alternate angles, adjacent

(b) circles; Equilateral, right, and isosceles triangles.

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section I Page | 1

Type of Angle Description

Acute Angle an angle that is less than 90°

Right Angle an angle that is 90° exactly

an angle that is greater than 90°

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section I Page | 2

(a) lines, angles, and polygons; Vertically opposite

(b) circles; Square, rectangle, rhombus, kite,

AB is parallel to CD. EG and FG are transversal lines.

2. y = c+d and e = z Corresponding angles are equal.

3. e = x and w = c + d Alternate angles are equal.

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section I Page | 3

Worked Examination Questions

In the diagram, AB is parallel to CD. The line EF intersects AB and CD.

Giving a reason for your answer, find the value of:

(a) the value of x

(b) the value of y

(Interior adjacent angles sum up to 180º)

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section I Page | 4

Giving a reason for your answer, find the value of:

(b) the value of y

(angles in a triangle sum up to 180)

 PSR + 2 × 66º = 180º

Reasons: angles in isósceles triangle

(c) the value of y

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section I Page | 5

Justifying your answer, calculate the size of:

(a) the size of  BAE

 BAE = 31º ans.

(b) the size of  DCE

(sum of adjacent angles corresponding to 88)

 DCE + 31º = 88º

(c) the size of CDE

(angles in a triangle sum up to 180)

 CDE = 61 ans.

(d) the size of  BED

 BED =  BAE +  ABE

Justifying your answer, Calculate:

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section I Page | 7

(a) the size of ACE

 ACE =  BAC = 40º Ans.

(b) the size of CAE

(angles in a triangle sum up to 180)

 CAE = 180º  (40º + 82º)

(c) the size of CDE

(Corresponding angles are equal)

 ECD =  ABC = 72º

(angles in a triangle sum up to 180)

 CDE = 180º  2 × 72º

Giving a reason for your answer, find the value of:

Revision notes  Paper 2 Section I Page | 8