By: Nicole Marie Gutierrez and Cheska Treyes of BSHM - 1B

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Read the RA thoroughly.

2. Point out the salient language features, writing conventions, and elements in the different
parts of the RA.
3. Apply your knowledge and skills in analyzing RA as a genre.
4. Follow the format below.

I. ABSTRACT.

Identify the different components of the abstract. Write the number of the sentence for your
answer.

Introduction/Statement of Purpose or Aim - Sentence/s # 1 - 5

Methodology - Sentence/s # 6

Findings (summary) - Sentence/s # 7

Conclusion/Implication - Sentence/s # 8

II. INTRODUCTION

1. 1. How does the writer organize the Introduction? Does it follow Swales' moves?
Identify the paragraph number and sentence/s number/s where the moves can be found.
30 points.

Move 1: Paragraph 1: Sentence #1, #2 and #3,

Paragraph 2: Sentence #1,
Paragraph 3: Sentence #1, #2, and #3,
Paragraph 4: Sentence #1, #2, and #3,
Paragraph 5: Sentence #1, and #2.

Move 2: Paragraph 1: Sentence #4,

Paragraph 2: Sentence #2, #3, and #4,
Paragraph 4: Sentence #4,
Paragraph 5: Sentence #3.

Move 3: Paragraph 1: Sentence #5,

Paragraph 2: Sentence #5, and #6,
Paragraph 3: Sentence #4, and #5,
Paragraph 5: Sentence #4, #5, #6, and #7.

2. 2. What citation styles can you find in the Introduction/Review of Related Literature?
Copy 3 citations for each type. 20 points.

Integral Citations:

Para1. 3. For example, Zang, Thuc, and Pramoolsook (2012) focused on 20 agricultural
abstracts; Ozturk (2007) analyzed 20 introduction sections in the field of applied linguistics,
Lim (2006) investigated 20 management method sections, Williams (1999) examined 8
medical results sections, while Peacock (2002) focused on 252 discussion sections in 7
different fields, and Amnuai and Wannaruk (2013) studied 40 conclusion sections in applied
linguistics.

Para1. 5. As Hyland (2003) noted, rhetorical practice should enable non-native English
speakers to recognize the role of language in written communication.

Para2. 4. As demonstrated by Yang and Allison (2003), the organization patterns of

empirical RAs tend to be more flexible toward the end.

Non-integral Citations:

Para1. 1. The analysis of RA sections has received extensive attention in genre analysis
(e.g. Amnuai & Wannaruk, 2013; Brett, 1994; Fallahi & Erzi, 2003; Holmes, 1997; Lim,
2006; Peacock, 2011; Samraj, 2002; Swales, 1990, 2004; Yang & Allison, 2003).

Para3. 3. It is considered as a top-down approach and is used to analyze the internal

organization of texts from a genre (Biber, Connor, & Upton, 2007).

Para4. 2. The discussion section is where authors place their ideas about their research
findings and consolidate, generalize, and interpret their research outcomes for the benefit of
those in their field or for other communities (Basturkmen, 2012; Weissberg & Buker, 1990).

2. 3. Identify the reporting verbs used in the integral citation; then, categorize them according
to verb tense. Analyze the function of the verb tenses. 10 points.

PRESENT FUNCTION PAST TENSE FUNCTION OTHERS FUNCTION

TENSE (SIMPLE or
(SIMPLE or PERFECT
PERFECT TENSE)
TENSE)
focused The function of
recognize The present
past tense in
speech and
tense is a
grammatical
analyzed writing is to
express action,
tense whose
activity, or a
principal investigated state of being to
function is to
have happened
locate a
examined in the past. Its
situation or
principal
event in the
purpose is to
present time.
The present studied place a situation
or action, or to
tense is used for
refer to habitual
actions which noted activities, states,
are happening
conditions, and
now.
events in the
demonstrated past.

2. 4. Where can you find the expression of the research gap? What does the expression
“research gap” imply? Identify the paragraph number and write the implication. 20 points

The research gap in the introduction of the research article is in paragraph 5 sentence 3.
Wherein the discussion sections of various fields have been analyzed in terms of their
structural organizations as mentioned above, no such analysis has been conducted in the
accounting field.
A research gap is a question or a problem that has not been answered by any of the existing
studies or research within the field. Sometimes, a research gap exists when there is a concept
or new idea that hasn't been studied at all.

III. METHODOLOGY

3. 1. What sub-components of the research paper does the writer describe in the Methodology
section? 20 points.

 Data Gathering Procedure

 Data Collection
 Statistical Treatment/Data Analysis

3. 2. Jot down the main verbs (maximum of 3) used in the Methodology section and
categorize them according to verb tense. Why do you think the researcher used the present or
past tense of the verb? 10 points.

Present Tense:
 Ensures
 Contains
 Structures

The mention above are present tense use by the researchers since it's a description that some
of the procedures are performed at the time being. It shows what is being presented at the
moment.

Past Tense:
 Constructed
 Generalized
 Regarded

The mentioned above are past tense used by the researchers since the actions have already
happened and been performed in the past.